DE2214714A1 - Impregnation/drying of textiles - using combustion of impregnating liquid to dry textile - Google Patents

Abstract

In the impregnation and subsequent drying of textile materials by treatment in an impregnation bath contg. an org. combustible liquid, the material is dried by combustion of this liquid.

Description

Method and device for impregnating and drying textile material Textile material made from a wide variety of fiber types can be made from water or organic solvents are impregnated by known methods. Such impregnation processes exist in the fact that the textiles with a solution or dispersion of the on the fabric The material to be applied is splashed, padded or sprayed. After impregnation the goods are generally dried and depending on the fabric applied further treated. In all of these processes it is necessary to use the impregnation liquor any liquid left on the textiles during drying. by feeding Energy is removed.

It has now been found that textile material can be obtained in a simple manner can impregnate and dry if the material is impregnated with such an impregnation liquor that contains a flammable organic liquid treats the goods by burning them off this liquid dries and completes in the usual way.

As flammable organic liquids for the method according to the invention all flammable water-soluble or water-miscible ulld - come in connection illit emulsifiers - water-insoluble liquids in question, but such are for safety reasons not suitable, the flashpoints that are too low, too high Heat development during combustion and evaporation rates that are too low. Lower aliphatic alcohols, preferably 1 to 3, are particularly suitable C atolles, in particular methanol, The solvents mentioned are used alone or used in a mixture with water. However, it is only possible to use small amounts of such to add organic solvents, which generate a lot of heat during combustion develop, especially when working with impregnation liquors that contain too high a proportion contained by water. Impregnating liquors that are particularly suitable are those between 30 and 90% by volume of methanol and 70 to 10% by volume of water, preferably 50 to 80% by volume Contain methanol.

The speed of the combustion process can also be increased by adding water steer. In this way, an optimal mix can be found for each fiber material that prevents the fiber material from igniting during the burning process.

The inventive method is carried out in such a way that the goods are padded, sprayed or padded with an impregnation in the usual way, this impregnation liquor apart from the substances to be applied to the fabric different amounts of one or more flammable organic liquids contains. The impregnation liquor can also contain chemicals and auxiliaries such as Dispersants, emulsifiers, dye solvents, wetting agents, thickening agents, Contain fiber swelling agents, dye accelerators and others. The amount of added more flammable organic liquid can fluctuate within wide limits and depends on the textile material to be retained and the type of material to be applied to the fiber Substance off.

The treatment of the textile material with the impregnation liquor applied temperature has practically no influence on the result. In general However, one works at temperatures between about 10 and 600 C, preferably at Room temperature.

After impregnation, the goods are dried in the manner by the flammable organic solvent by means of a suitable ignition device ignites and burns down completely.

For safety reasons, such mixtures of water are recommended and to use flammable organic solvents with flashpoints above the Room temperature.

With such mixtures it is necessary that the ignition device is designed in such a way that it initially takes over the heating of the solvent vapors provides the energy required to reach the flash point.

The dried goods are depending on the special impregnation process further treated. For example, in a dyeing process, the dye is in Usually fixed, either by contact heat, by an ice-air treatment, by a dwell process, by steaming or by nudere processes. In such processes, in which the dye is fixed by heat treatment, the at heat released during combustion in the incineration plant itself or in a subsequent fixing system can be used for this. The same applies to such Impregnation processes such as methods for flame retardant finishing or high pre-finishing, where the resulting from the combustion Heat to cure the the fabric is used for pre-condensates.

The inventive method is suitable for such impregnation processes, in which one or more substances are applied to the tissue. Such Substances are, for example, the dyes, sizing agents, optical brighteners, finishing agents and others. As dyes come for the inventive Process practically representatives of all dye classes and processing forms in Question whether the dyes are in the flammable liquid used are soluble or not. If you work with dye solutions, they need The dyes used cannot be prepared in a commercially available form, but can can also be applied without a previous dye 'finish.

The procedure can be practically natural for all types of fiber or of synthetic origin as well as for all fiber blends. The textiles can be in all processing states suitable for continuous operation present, for example as cables, slivers, threads, yarns, woven fabrics, knitted fabrics or non-wovens.

When braking, a more or less strong singe effect occurs, that of the flammable solvent and of the water gelialt of the treatment liquors and in many cases saves the usual scorching treatment.

The advantage of the process according to the invention is that one the textile material after impregnation processes in a simple way and practically without Expenditure of energy can dry, whereby the products are much more even than at conventional methods are distributed on the textile material. This is especially true for strongly migrating dyes in which the invention Method delivers much more even colorations. It was surprising that the fiber does not suffer any damage during this treatment and the textile character is fully retained remain. Another advantage of the method according to the invention is that especially when using methanol no substances due to the burning process that pollute the air or water. The use of methanol / water mixture also offers the advantage that you can change the mixing ratio can control the speed of the Abbrcnnvorgangs in a simple manner and to in this way, the natural moisture of the fiber can be better regulated.

There is a device suitable for carrying out the method generally comprising a combustion chamber (1), an ignition device (2) and means for the supply of air (3) and for the discharge of the combustion gases (4), as in shown in the schematic drawing. The goods (5) can either be from above enter the combustion chamber from here or from below. In addition, certain safety devices must to be available.

If the goods enter the chamber from below, the ignition device must be designed in such a way that there is a permanent ignition of the new goods in the combustion chamber entering solvent is guaranteed. Serves with reversed goods guidance the ignition device only to ignite the solvent vapors once. The Abbrennvorgallg runs on of its own accord, since the moist goods run into the rising flame. To ensure even drying of the To get web is a must One ignition device on each side of the web or on both edges to be available. Ignition devices include gas or electric flames, for example Ignition devices in question.

The combustion chamber is at the top. expediently for safety reasons sealed by a pair of metal rollers (6). In the outer part of the chamber, it is sufficient generally an input or

Outlet slot (7). Both the metal rollers and the input or The exit slot can be made with abrasive belts (8) or other non-flammable seals be provided. The height of the chamber depends on the speed of the goods and on the type and amount of flammable liquid used. For practical Purposes, the length of the combustion chamber is 0.5 to 10 m, preferably 1 to 5 m. The Abbrennkamme r can also be designed in a completely or partially open form, the side walls are completely or partially omitted.

At the upper end of the chamber there are outlet openings (4) for the hot exhaust gases directly in a fixation chamber next to the combustion chamber can be directed. The air required for combustion is provided by appropriate Pipes (3) supplied from the outside. For safety reasons, the combustion chamber can have a Suction device (9) must be connected upstream, which ensures that such solvent vapors are sucked off, which are given off by the moist goods before entering the chamber will.

Another safety device and also a device for aging the machine consists of nüsill (10), which is open or half-open are directed towards the combustion path and when the design is closed iniierlialb the combustion chamber or in front of the inlet opening and possibly even in front of it the outlet opening of the same and through which nitrogen or another non-combustible gas or gas that does not sustain the combustion can be conducted.

Opening these nozzles is necessarily a simultaneous one Switching off the oxygen or air supply connected.

In the system shown in the drawing, the goods can also be from be guided up and down. In this case, the ignition device (2) that Means for the supply of air (3) and the suction device (9) on the upper part be attached to the combustion chamber.

Example 1: 15 g of the commercially available dye of the formula are dissolved in 200 cc of water at approx. 800 C and then diluted with 800 cc of methanol. A cotton body is padded with this liquor on a padder at approx. 20 ° C. and then dried in a suitable system by burning off the flammable solvent on the goods. The result is a blue coloration with a completely perfect appearance of the goods, whereas a coloration produced from aqueous liquor and dried on a conventional drying unit shows very strong signs of migration.

The dyeing is then completed according to a method customary for this class of dyes (cold padded with a liquor containing 20 g / l sulfur sodium conc., 10 ccm / l formaldehyde 33% tuid 200 g / l table salt, 30 seconds of ventilation, cold and Rinse hot, boiling for 10 minutes soaps with 0.3 g / l of a non-ionic detergent based on an alkylphenol polyglycol ether and 0.5 g / l soda, rinse and dry) Example 2: 20 g of a mixture of equal parts of the two commercially available dyes of the following forms are applied to a cotton poplin from a mixture of 70 vol .-% methanol and 30 vol .-% water. The method of implementation corresponds to that of Example 1 with the modification that the last two rinsing cycles are carried out in methanol after soaking. The goods are then squeezed off and, as after the dye impregnation, dried by burning the flammable liquid on the goods. A green dyeing is obtained, with no unevenness or dye migration being observed either after the first drying or after completion of the dyeing, whereas a dyeing produced from aqueous liquor and dried on a conventional drying unit shows these phenomena to a great extent.

Example 3: 2 g of the dye of the formula are dissolved in 1 liter of methanol. A polyester fiber fabric is padded with this liquor at approx. 150 C on a padder and dried in a suitable system by burning the alcohol.

In a second experiment, the same dye is used in the same concentration, this time, however, in a commercially available form with adjusting means, in a Mixture of 80 vol .-% methanol and 20 vol .-% water used.

Both blue colorations show no dye migration whatsoever and a completely flawless product image. A dye made from an aqueous dispersion, which was dried on a conventional drying machine, on the other hand, shows significant dye migration and a streaky appearance typical of the fabric used Product image.

All dyeings are then finished in the usual way (fix with hot air at 200 to 2100 C for 1 minute). Example 4: 20 g of a mixture of commercially available dyes of the following formulas and the specified mixing ratio are dispersed in 1 liter of a mixture of 60% by volume of methanol and 40% by volume of water at approx. 300.degree. With this liquor, a cotton fabric (linen structure) is padded on a padder and dried in a suitable system by burning the flammable liquid on the goods. The result is a khaki-colored product with a completely flawless product appearance in terms of uniformity and dyeing, which is obtained even after the dyeing has been completed using a customary method (e.g. padding with a liquor containing alkali, reducing agents and electrolytes, subsequent steaming, oxidation, etc.) remain.

Example 5: 3 g each of the dye C.I. 49705 (Solvent Blue 22) i each 1 liter of the following solvents dissolved at approx. 200 C: methanol, isopropanol, Chloroethylene, methylene chloride.

These dye solutions are then used to make fabrics made of polyester staple fibers as well as from polyamide 6 staple fibers padded on a padder and dried. the In the case of the alcohols used, drying takes place in a suitable system Incineration, in the case of chlorinated hydrocarbons, in a conventional drying plant.

In the case of the blue colorations dried by burning, the result is a completely even fabric appearance, while with the other two colors Perchlorethylene and methylene chloride have strong dye migration and strong Two-sidedness can be determined. The colorations are then applied to a customary one Type (e.g. Ilitzefixierung) completed.

Example 6: 2 g each of the blue dye of the formula are dissolved in each 1 liter of the following liquids: methanol, isopropanol, mixture of 90 vol .-% methanol and 10 vol .-% water, mixture of 60 vol .-% methanol and 40 vol .-% isopropanol, perchlorethylene, methylene chloride.

The other implementation type corresponds to that of example 5.

Results similar to those in Example 5 are also obtained.

Example 7: 5 g of C.I. 62125 (Acid Blue 40) are in 1 liter of a mixture of 80 vol. Methanol and 20 vol. Water dissolved at approx. 400 c. After cooling to room temperature, this solution is used to create a fabric made of polyamide 6.6 staple fibers impregnated on a padder and then in a suitable one The system is dried by burning the flammable liquid on the goods. A perfect, uniform blue coloration is obtained, which then shows through a common method (e.g. steaming) is completed.

Similar results were obtained on a wool gabardine and a blended fabric Made from Wollc and polyamide 6 fibers, whereby.

especially in the case of wool dyeing, this is followed by the application of the dye conventionally occurring "gray haze" in most cases according to the invention Type of drying could not be determined.

Similar results could also be obtained on the 3 types of fabric with the following dyes: a) 10 g / l of the blue dye CI 62155 (Acid Blue 111) b) 8 g / l of the yellow dye of the formula in the form of the 1: 2 chromium complex c) 6 g / l of the red dye of the formula in the form of the 1: 2 chromium complex d) mixture of 10 g / l of the yellow dye GI 19025 (Acid Yellow 41) and 4 g / l of the red dye CI 17070 (Acid Ite (l 42) Example 8: 5 g of the dye CI 18852 (reactive Yellow 17) in Worin, a commercially available preparation, is dissolved in 250 ml of water at approx. 600.degree.

In addition, 3 g of the dye of the formula dissolved in 750 ml of methanol. Both solutions are poured together. 8 g of soda are added as alkali for fixing the reactive dye.

With this liquor a blend of 67% polyester fibers and 33% cotton padded on a foulard and, as in the previous examples, dried by burning. The result is a product with a completely uniform product appearance.

Completion of the yellow dye on both fiber components takes place by a hot air treatment at approx. 1900 C for 1 minute. Afterward the dyed goods are first rinsed cold and hot in water, then in one aqueous liquor containing 1 g of a customary, anionic aftersoap agent per liter based on a fatty acid methyl tauride, soaped at the boil for 10 minutes and finally first rinsed in water and then in methanol.

The methanol-filled goods are now on a padder with a squeeze effect of 40% (parts by weight, based on the weight of the goods) and immediately thereafter with an overlay of 30% (also parts by weight, based on weight of the goods) a liquor sprayed, which 100 g a finishing agent, in the form of a commercially available, plasticized polyvinyl acetate dispersion, im Liters of a mixture of 80 vol. Water and 20 vol. Methanol.

The fabric is then, as in the previous dye drying, in a suitable facility by burning the flammable on the goods Solvent dried. It is completed by calendering at approx. 600 C.

Example 9: A fabric made of polyester staple fibers is placed on a padder padded with a liquor, which is a liter of a mixture of 65 vol-9t methanol and 35 Rol .-% water 25 g of an optical brightener based on benzoxazole, which present in the form of a commercially available aqueous dispersion contains. The pounded As in the other examples, tissue is burned in a suitable facility dried. Further treatment is carried out by means of a customary heat setting at 2000 C for 30 seconds.

Example 10: A dyed mixed fabric made of 67% polyester fibers and 33% cotton is padded on a foulard with a liquor, which per liter a mixture of 60% by volume of methanol and 40% by volume of water, 80 g of a finishing agent based on a commercially available, plasticizer-containing polyvinyl acetate dispersion. The tissue is then in a specially designed system by burning the on of the goods Flammable liquid dried and then calender. A wash-resistant finished product is obtained.

Example 11: A water- or alcohol-soluble finishing agent The basis of a copolymer is a) from water in a conventional manner, b) from Methanol on a cellulose lining according to the procedure described in Example 10 applied.

With regard to the influence of the grip and the improvement of the Slip resistance similar results after both methods.

Example 12: 120 g of a commercially available high-quality finishing agent Basis of a carbamate reactant resin are crystallized together with 25 g of magnesium chloride. dissolved in a mixture of 70 vol. methanol and 30 vol. water. With this Fleet is padded and, like, a bleached cotton poplin on a foulard previously described, dried by burning.

The completion takes place through a usual condensation at approx. 1600 c for 3 minutes. The result is a product with excellent boil-wash resistance wash-and-wear equipment and a soft handle.

Also excellent results with optical brightening at the same time is obtained if an additional 4 g of a commercially available one is added to the aforementioned impregnation liquor Surgical brightener used for cellulose fibers based on a stilbene derivative and the condensation or

Thermal insulation is carried out at approx. 190 ° C for 20 seconds.

Example 13: With a solution of 60 g / l of a commercially available anti-static agent based on a polycondensation product with reactive groups and 3 g / l Soda lime. in a mixture of 70% by volume of methanol and 30% by volume of water Fabric made from the following fibers impregnated by padding: polyester, polyamide, Polyacrylanitrile, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, cellulose Üriace does tind cellulose 2 1/2 acetate.

The fabrics are dried as in the previous examples by burning. The wash-resistant fixation of the antistatic is carried out by a dry heat treatment at approx. 1200 C for 90 seconds. In all cases results are similar to those obtained with a conventional, aqueous application method.

Claims (4)

P a t c n t- a n s p r ü c Ii e 1. Process for impregnating and drying textile material, thereby characterized in that the material is treated with such an impregnation liquor, which contains a flammable organic liquid, the goods by burning them off Liquid dries and finishes in the usual way. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the Material treated with such an impregnation liquor, which is between 30 and 90 vol .-% Contains methanol and 70 and 10% by volume of water. 3. The method according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that one the textile material is treated with a dye solution or dispersion. 4. Apparatus for performing the method according to claim 1 to 3, consisting essentially of a combustion chamber, an ignition device and Means for the supply of air and for the removal of the combustion gases. L e r s e i t e