DE2213087A1 - laundry detergent - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to detergents, in particular textile detergents, which contain detergent-enhancing substances »

At the present time, detergent manufacturers are subject to this considerable pressure to reduce the amount of phosphorus-containing compounds in said detergents. This situation has arisen based on the assumption that the use of phosphorus-containing compounds in detergents is a factor contributing to the phenomenon of water eutrophy contributes. These compounds are generally present in detergents as detergent-increasing substances. Since for many years is the most frequently used washing power increase Substance sodium tripolyphosphate and it is in particular this compound, which is held responsible for the eutrophy problems of water bodies caused by detergents *, In general, detergents contain 30 to 50 percent by weight sodium tripolyphosphate. Sodium tripolyphosphate is a very

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Effective detergent-enhancing substance that is also cheaply produced can be. Thus, at the present time there is a need for compounds that can replace sodium tripolyphosphate can serve, enable the production of effective cleaning detergents and have no adverse effect the environment.

One of the factors that influence the overall washing power of a textile detergent is the concentration at which the detergent is used in the aqueous solution, the so-called washing liquor, which is used to clean the textiles. This concentration is sometimes referred to as the detergent usage concentration. At normal use concentrations, the presence of a detergent that increases the washing power improves the overall washing power of the detergent. The presence of a detergency enhancer is particularly important when the use concentration is low, e.g. B. is below 0.15 weight percent, especially in areas with hard water. Usage concentrations can vary widely from area to area and from country to country, depending to a large extent on the local conditions under which the textile fabrics are veined. Sum present time -. the trem 'goes after low use concentrations. L not far the Gesanfcwaschkraft a Xextil-ntrationen detergent used at low Gebrauchskonz is increased to a sufficient Ma will result in very poor washing results.

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So far, alkali silicates have been proposed as detergent-increasing substances. However, although alkali silicates have magnesium ions capable of complexing in hard water, these silicates have only a minor influence on the calcium ion content of hard water. Most common surfactants, such as the alkali soaps or alkali alkylbenzene sulfonates, which in the past have been used extensively in textile washing agents » Teln have been used, form relatively water-insoluble calcium salts in hard water. Accordingly, it has been found that Textile detergents which exclusively contain these conventional surface-active substances and which are used to increase washing power Substances exclusively or almost exclusively contain alkali silicates, textile fabrics with low immersion concentrations » wash very badly.

According to the invention, however, it has now been found that the total detergency. a laundry detergent used at a low usage concentration when using a water-soluble alkali silicate can be increased in a satisfactory manner if, in addition, certain amounts of a suitable surface-active agent Component are present.

In addition, it has been found according to the invention that certain types of surface-active compounds, which at first sight in combination with alkali silicates appear to be effective for the removal of some types of dirt common in laundry, especially proteinaceous types of dirt, are relatively ineffective. Accordingly, the invention relates to detergents, their Washing power is effective by using an alkali silicate »

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and which are also suitable for removing protein-containing dirt from laundry.

The detergents of the invention contain about 10 to about 35 percent by weight, preferably about 10 to about 25 weight percent of a surfactant component, based on weight the surfactant component

(a) 0 to 100 percent of a water soluble alkyl ether sulfate and / or a water-soluble olefin sulfonate,

(b) 0 to about 80 percent of a water soluble alkyl benzene sulfonate and / or a water-soluble alkyl sulfate and

(c) 0 to about 60 percent of a nonionic surfactant Substance

contains, provided that at least about 80 percent by weight of the surfactant component of one or more of these surface-active substances exist,

and about 30 to about 60 percent by weight, preferably about 40 to about 50 percent by weight, of an alkali silicate, its basicity is so high that an aqueous solution containing 0.1 percent by weight of the detergent has a pH not below about 9 owns.

Suitable water-soluble alkyl ether sulfates are water-soluble salts, such as alkali, ammonium and substituted ammonium salts, preferably sodium salts, of alkyl ether sulfuric acids, which are obtained by sulfation or sulfonation of alkoxylated alcohols have been received. In particular, those alkoxylated alcohols are used which differ from essentially linear ones

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derive aliphatic, monohydric primary or secondary alcohols, which are about 10 to about 18, preferably about 10 to contain about 15 carbon atoms and have about 1 to about 12, preferably about 1 to about 7, alkyl oxide units per molecule. Ethylene oxide is preferred, but mixtures of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide can also be used. Depending on If desired, alkyl ether sulfates can be used, which mix from alcohols with the same chain length or from alcohol with different chain lengths. In games for suitable alkyl ether sulfates are derived from n-decyl-, n-undecyl-, n-dodecyl (lauryl) -, n-iridecyl-, n-ietradecyl (myristyl) -, n-Pentadecyl-, n-Hexadecyl (cetyl) -, n-Heptadecyl (margaryl) - and n-octadecyl (stearyl) alcohol and alcohol mixtures obtained from natural sources such as tallow, coconut oil, Palm oil, palm kernel oil, babassu oil, peanut oil and unhydrogenated oil (soft oil) have been produced.

Suitable water-soluble, surface-active olefin sulfonates are water-soluble salts such as alkali, ammonium and substituted Ammonium salts, preferably sodium salts, obtained by neutralization and complete or almost complete hydrolysis of the acid mixture obtained in the sulfonation of olefins. It can o <-olefins, olefins with localized internal or randomly distributed double bonds as well as vinylidene olefins can be used. ^ »Be olefins particularly preferred. The olefins preferably contain 12 to 20 carbon atoms, in particular 14 to 18 carbon atoms. The olefins exist preferably almost completely made from monounsaturated, straight-chain <* - olefins. Commercially available olefins

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derive in general from the "cracked wax ⁿ process, in which the olefins are extracted from a cracked paraffin distillate, or from the" Ziegler "process, in which the olefins by polymerization of unsaturated hydrocarbons of low molecular weight, such as ethylene, under Using Ziegler catalysts or similar catalysts. The olefins can also be produced by dehydrating primary alcohols. The primary alcohols can be produced, for example, by hydrogenating esters of naturally occurring fatty acids, such as those formed during the saponification of animal and vegetable oils and fats, The olefins can also be made by the dehydrogenation of paraffins, but this process is not preferred, olefin sulfonates made from Ziegler olefins are preferably used for the purposes of the invention since the Ziegler olefins generally contain about 90 percent by weight CX olefins and n Only insignificant amounts consist of branched-chain compounds. However, "cracked wax" olefins are also suitable, since these generally contain 85 to 90 percent by weight of o (olefins together with smaller amounts of olefins with an internal double bond and diolefins have high proportion of linear oC olefins had raw materials, 100 percent </ -. consist olefin, available at the present time, this would be ideal, however, in the present state of the art that is not possible, the sulfonation professional is.. familiar with this problem and use

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He understands the expression "o <-olefinsulfonate ¹¹ " to mean that the material in question has been produced from such olefins which consist essentially entirely of o ( -olefins, such as, for example, in the case of the "cracked" wax "or Ziegler olefins of the Pail. Accordingly, the term ^w & -olefin sulfonate" is used here and in the following to describe the mixtures of olefin sulfonates formed in the sulfonation of commercial <X -olefins. CX-olefin sulfonates are mixtures of various compounds, including various hydroxyalkanesulfonates and disulfonates and a major part of alkene sulfonate · The proportion of 2-hydroxyalkanesulfonate in the mixture should be kept as low as possible, preferably below 5 percent by weight of the mixture. In contrast, it is often advantageous to reduce the amount of 3-Hydroxyalkanesulfonate as high as possible, preferably over 20 percent by weight of the mixture, especially over 30 percent by weight of the Gemi sches to hold. A detailed description of the types and amounts of the various ingredients are contained usually in OEC olefin sulfonates are the US-PS 3 332 880. Although as described above, in general, the d-olefin sulfonate from oC 01efinen is made, must be taken into account that a certain isomerization with the formation of olefins with non-terminal double bonds can take place if o <-01efine are left to stand in the presence of acidic products, as is the case with discontinuous sulfonation processes of the Pail. Even those products that contain a smaller proportion of olefin sulfonates are made from olefins with non-terminal double bonds

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are within the scope of the invention. The olefins can be sulfonated in various ways, e.g. in reaction vessels with stirring or by means of processes that are carried out according to the Working principle of descending thin film. A sulfur trioxide / air mixture is preferably used as the sulfonating agent used. However, other sulfonating agents, such as oleum, are also suitable.

Suitable alkylbenzenesulfonates are water-soluble salts such as alkali, ammonium and substituted ammonium salts, preferably Sodium salts, of alkylbenzenesulfonic acids, the alkyl chains of which are preferably linear and from about 8 to about 20, preferably contain about 10 to about 16 carbon atoms, such as p-n-decyl, p-n-dodecyl, p-n-tetradecyl and p-n-hexadecylbenzenesulfonic acid and the commercially available alkylbenzenesulfonic acids in which the alkyl chains have a range of carbon atoms from, for example, 11 to 15 and 11 to 16, with lower proportions of longer and shorter chain Connections ^ included.

Suitable alkyl sulfates are water-soluble salts, such as alkali, Ammonium and substituted ammonium salts, preferably sodium salts, of alkyl sulfuric acids, which are aliphatic in the sulfonation Alcohols are formed. Linear, primary or secondary alcohols are preferably used, which are about 10 to about 18, preferably contain about 12 to about 16 carbon atoms, such as n-decyl, n-Undecyl-, n-Dodecyl (iauryl) -, n-Tridecyl-, n-Tetradecyl (myristyl) -, n-Pentadecyl-, n-HexadecylCcetyl) -, n-Heptadecyl (margaryl) and n-octadecyl (stearyl) alcohol, as well as alcohol mixtures, derived from natural sources such as XaIg, coconut oil, palm oil,

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Palm kernel oil, babassu oil, peanut oil and unhydrogenated oil (soft oil) and synthetic alcohols, such as the alcohols produced by the Ziegler and Oxo processes.

Suitable nonionic surface-active substances are alkoxylated Fatty alcohols, in particular essentially linear, aliphatic, monohydric alcohols containing about 10 to about 18 C atoms, preferably about 10 to about 15 carbon atoms, and about 5 to about 15, preferably .about 7 to about 10, alkylene oxide units per molecule, as well as alkoxylated alkylphenols, the alkyl chains of which contain about 8 to about 16 carbon atoms and which have from about 5 to about 15 alkylene oxide units per molecule. Ethylene oxide is preferred, but can mixtures of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide can also be used. Examples of suitable alkoxylated fatty alcohols are Alkoxylation products of n-decyl-, n-undecyl-, n-dodecyl- (lauryl) -, n-Tridecyl-, n-Tetradecyl- (myristyl) -, n-Pentadecyl-, n-Hexadecyl (cetyl), n-heptadecyl (margaryl) and n-octadecyl (stearyl) alcohol as well as alcohol mixtures obtained from natural sources such as tallow, coconut oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, babassu oil, Peanut oil or unhydrogenated oil (soft oil). Synthetic alcohols can also be used, e.g. according to the Ziegleroder Alcohols produced by the oxo process can be used. Examples of suitable alkoxylated alkylphenols are the alkoxylation products of p-n-octyl, p-n-nonyl, p-n-decyl, p-n-undecyl-, p-n-dodecyl-, p-n-tridecyl-, p-n-tetradecyl-, p-n-pentadecyl- and p-n-hexadecylphenol

Of the various possible combinations of the types of

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surfactants that are used in the surfactant component of the detergents according to the invention the following special mixtures are preferred:

(a) In one embodiment, the surface-active component consists exclusively of an alkyl ether sulfate and / or an olefin sulfonate, and a particularly preferred detergent of the invention contains as the sole surfactant an alkyl ether sulfate.

(b) In another embodiment, the surfactant is Component of an alkyl benzene sulfonate and / or an alkyl sulfate, in admixture with at least about 20 percent (based on the weight of the surfactant component) of an alkyl ether sulfate or, less preferably, a nonionic surfactant.

Other particularly suitable mixtures of surface-active substances Substances are described in the following examples.

The alkali silicate is preferably a sodium silicate with an Na ₂ O / SiOp weight ratio of about 2: 1 to about 1: 3, in particular about 1: 1 to about 1: 2. Basic sodium silicate with a NagO / SiOg weight ratio of about 1: 2 is particularly preferred.

In addition to the essential surfactant component and the alkali silicate, the detergents of the invention can optionally smaller amounts, e.g. up to about 10 percent by weight, based on the detergent, are known to increase detergency Contain substances. Specific examples are

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Sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium orthophosphate, sodium pyrophosphate, sodium trimetaphosphate, Natriumäthan-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate, sodium carbonate, sodium citrate, Natriumoxydiacetat, Natriumcarboxymethyloxysuccinat, sodium nitrilotriacetate, disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, sodium salts of long chain dicarboxylic acids such as straight chain (C ₀ _2 ₀₎ and malonic acids -Bernsteinsäuren , Sodium salts of V-sulfonated long-chain monocarboxylic acids, sodium salts of polycarboxylic acids, ie, acids formed by polymerization or copolymerization of unsaturated carboxylic acids and unsaturated carboxylic acid anhydrides, such as maleic acid, acrylic acid, itaconic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid and aconitic acid (1,2,3-propenic acid) , or the anhydrides of these acids, and by copolymerizing the aforementioned acids and anhydrides with smaller amounts of other monomers, such as vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate, methyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate and styrene, and modified starches, for example untill he use of sodium hypochlorite oxidized starches in which some anhydroglucose units have been opened to dicarboxyl units.

In addition to the surface-active component and the detergent-increasing substances, the detergents of the invention can also contain any of the additives customary in conventional textile detergents in customary amounts. Examples of such additives are foam-strengthening substances, such as alkanolamides, especially those derived from palm keratin fatty acids and coconut fatty acids. Conducted ethanolamides, foam-suppressing additives , substances that prevent reprecipitation, such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, oxygen-releasing bleaching agents, x * i @

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borate or sodium percarbonate, chlorine-releasing bleaches such as trichloroisocyanuric acid or alkali salts of dichloroisocyanuric acid, inorganic salts such as sodium sulfate and, generally in very minor amounts, corrosion inhibitors, fluorescent substances, fragrances, enzymes, germicides and pigments. The detergents of the invention can be produced using the production processes customary for detergents, for example by spray drying or spray cooling following the slurry, with the addition of sensitive ingredients which are not suitable for incorporation before the drying stage. Also other conventional methods such as Nudelung, mixing granulation or by fluidization to the fluidized bed process may be used. Those skilled in the art of detergent manufacture are familiar with these processes.

Using these conventional manufacturing methods, the detergents of the invention can be made in any of the physical forms common to detergents such as powders, flakes, granules, noodles, cakes, sticks and, in some cases, liquids.

The following examples, in which all parts and percentages are by weight, show that the detergents of the invention have washing properties for textile fabrics that are comparable to conventional detergents containing large amounts of sodium tripolyphosphate. The detergents of the Invention are particularly suitable for the removal of protein-containing dirt.

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Examples

till 8 '.

There are 8 detergents according to the invention (Examples 1 to 8) and a conventional detergent (Comparative Example A) manufactured according to the following basic recipes:

percent

component

Examples 1 to 8 Comparative Example A

Component '

active

basic sodium silicate
(Na ₂ O / SiO ₂ ratio 1: 2)

Sodium tripolyphosphate

Sodium Sulphate, Fluorescent Substances, Reprecipitant Substances, water, etc., added to

20th

40

20th

8 50

100

100

Example 1 : Example 2: Example 3:

• Example 4:

Example 5:

Sodium alcohol sulfate of an ethoxylated ^G 11-15 ^secondary aliphatic alcohol,

which contains 3 ethylene oxide units, "Tergitol 15-S-3-sulfate"

Sodium alcohol sulfate of an ethoxylated 11-15 secondary aliphatic alcohol,

which contains 7 ethylene oxide units, "Tergitol 15-S-7-sulfate"

Sodium alcohol sulfate of an ethoxylated ^C 14-15 ^secondary aliphatic alcohol,

which contains 3 ethylene oxide units, "Tergitol 45-S-3-sulfate"

Sodium alcohol sulfate of an ethoxylated ^ 12-15 P ^r: "- ^m eral aliphatic alcohol,

which contains 6 ethylene oxide units, "Dobanol 25-6EO-sulfate"

Sodium alcohol sulfate of an ethoxylated ° 12-15 ^primary aliphatic alcohol containing 10 ethylene oxide units, »Dobanol 25-1OEO sulfate"

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Example 6: Example 7: Example 8:

Sodium alcohol sulfate of an ethoxylated ^C 12-14 primary aliphatic alcohol,

which contains 7 ethylene oxide units, "Alfol 1214-7EO-sulfate"

Sodium alcohol sulfate of an ethoxylated ^C 12-14 * ^primary aliphatic alcohol,

which contains 12 ethylene oxide units, »Alfol 1214-12E0-sulfate"

Sodium alcohol sulfate of an ethoxylated ^ 16-18 ^primary aliphatic alcohol,

which contains 9 ethylene oxide units, "Alfol 1618-9EO-SuIfat"

Comparative example A: Sodium alkylbenzenesulfonate (sulfonated

tes "DOB 055" , Mfr. Shell Chemicals Limited.

The detergency efficiency of each detergent is determined as follows Test procedure determines:

As a test fabric, discs with a diameter of 2 cm from a desized cotton batist which is soiled with a radioactively marked synthetic sebum using 1 C-palmitic acid are used. The dirt is applied to the discs in an amount of 1.5 percent by weight by evaporating 0.03 ml of a 1.5 percent solution of the synthetic sebum in benzene. These disks are washed in a "Dough-O-Tometer ¹¹ (US Testing Co. Inc.) under the following conditions

Move

Detergent concentration water

Temperature waiting time

70 rpm 0.15 *

25 ml of 18 ⁰ H hardness (Ca / Mg ratio 2: 1)

45 ° C

10 mins

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PH value

Fabric / liquor ratio

10 1: 850

The detergency efficiency is determined by adding before and after washing, the radioactivity of each disc of fabric Measure (1 minute on each side) with a Geiger-Müller counter tube. After correcting each count for background and paralysis time, the two sides are averaged taken taking correct counts for A-) (before washing) and Α »(after washing) receives · When calculating the detergency efficiency using the equation '

Detergent efficiency

^A 1 " ^A 2
3Π *

100

the following results are obtained!

Detergent from example no.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Comparative example A.

Detergent efficiency

47.9 60.4 69.3 61.0 61.8 64.5 60.5 66.3

66.7

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These results show that the detergents of Examples 1 to 8 have detergency efficiencies that match that of a commercial detergent containing large amounts of sodium tripolyphosphate (Comparative Example A) is.

Example 9

A detergent according to the invention (Example 9) is made according to the following Basic recipe made:

Component percent

surfactant component '16

basic sodium silicate

(Na ₂ O / SiO ₂ ratio 1: 2) 40

Sodium sulfate, fluorescent
Substances, reprecipitation-preventing substances, water, etc.,
added to 100

'Sodium alcohol sulfate of an ethoxylated C ^ / ^ - jc primary aliphatic alcohol containing 4 ethylene oxide units, "Dobanol 45-4EO-sulfate"

The detergency efficiency of this detergent will match that of the detergent of Comparative Example A compared according to the test method described above. Here one obtains following results:

Detergent off . Wasohkraft efficiency

Example 9 "72.7

Comparative Example A 70.8

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The results show that the detergent of Example 9 is superior to conventional detergents in terms of detergency efficiency, its overall detergency by Sodium tripolyphosphate is increased.

Example \ O

A spray-dried detergent powder according to the invention (Example 10) is checked for its suitability after its preparation investigated in a practical washing machine test in comparison with a conventional detergent powder (comparative example B). The two detergent powders are manufactured according to the following basic recipes:

"Percent

Component Example 10 Comparative Example B

surface-active

Component '16 16

basic sodium silicate
(Na ₂ 0 / Si0 ₂ ratio 1: 2) 50 8

Sodium tripolyphosphate - 50

Sodium Sulphate 23 15

Sodium carboxymethyl

cellulose 0.5 0.5

fluorescent substances 0.5 0.5

Water, etc., added to 100 100

'Example 10 s. Sodium sulfate of an ethoxylated alcohol

Cj ₄ I, - primary aliphatic alcohol,

which contains 5 ethylene oxide units, "Dobanol 45 5E0-sulfate"

Comparative Example B: Sodium alkylbenzenesulfonate (sulfonated

"Oronite 1O69 ^w )

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Each detergent powder is used to wash 2.7 kg sorted items of laundry that are soiled in the usual household manner in a top-loading, high-speed household washing machine. -The items of laundry are cut in half before the test and the two halves of each item of laundry are also used washed different loads of laundry, so that in the end each item of laundry is washed with both detergent powders. After the test, the two halves of each item of laundry are compared to find out which detergent powder, if any, produced a better wash. It uses the following washing conditions:

Washing : 14 minutes

50 ⁰ C
Water hardness 18 ⁰ H (Ca / Mg ratio 2: ./! ■)

Powder concentration in the wash liquor 0.1 percent by weight

Liquor / fabric ratio 20: 1

Rinsing: 2 minutes

50 ⁰ C

53 liters of water, 18 ⁰ H (Ca / Mg ratio 2: 1)

The laundry items are then dried on the line and checked by an examination board made up of 8 housewives rated. The following ratings were achieved for both halves of 24 items of laundry:

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Number of with the number of with the number of laundry detergent powder Detergent powder pieces that do not contain any underbetter found in Example 10 of the comparative washed game B better show different items of laundry wash items of laundry

The overall opinion of the examination board was that no significant difference in suitability or performance between the detergent powder of Example 10 and the conventional detergent powder reinforced with sodium tripolyphosphate.

The remaining examples show the superiority of detergents of the invention in the removal of protein-containing dirt.

Examples 11-13

There are three detergents according to the invention and three comparative detergents (Comparative Examples C to E) produced according to the following basic recipes:

Component percent

1"\

surfactant component '16

basic sodium silicate
(NapO / SiOp weight ratio 1: 2) 40

Sodium sulphate, fluorescent substances, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, water, etc.,
added to. 100

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Example 11: Sodium alcohol sulfate of a primary

C ₁₉ , ς alcohol (5EO), "Dobanol 25 5E0 ¹ ^" * ⁰ sulfate "

Example 12: Sodium alcohol sulfate of a secondary

C _11-1 ^ alcohols (3E0), «Tergitol 15-S-3 ·

sulfate"

Example 13: Sodium sulfonate of a linear C 1-4 oi-olefin

Comparative example C: nonionic ethoxylate of a secondary C _11-15 alcohol (7EO),

"Tergitol 15-S-7"

Comparative example D: hardened tallow dimethylamine oxide,

"Aromox DMHTD"

Comparative Example E: 1: 1 mixture of the surface-active substances from Comparative Examples C and D

The detergency of these detergents is determined by a test method similar to that in Examples 1 to 8, with the Exception that

(a) The dirt is a protein-containing denatured from ^ C-labeled Egg albumin existing dirt is used and

(b) the water hardness is 6 ° (excluding Ca),

while all other conditions are essentially the same as before. The following results are obtained:

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Detergent from " Waschkraft ("/>)

(protein-containing dirt)

Example 11 35.7

Example 12 37.4

Example 13 35.2

Comparative example C 22.7

Comparative Example D 17.5

Comparative Example B 24.3

Examples 14 to 21

There are 8 detergents according to the invention and two comparative detergents (comparative examples P and G) according to the following Basic recipes made:

Component percent . "

surfactant component '

Hasic sodium silicate
Na ₂ O / SiO ₂ weight ratio 1: 2)

Sodium sulfate, fluorescent

Substances, sodium carhoxymethyl

cellulose, water, etc.,

added to

The surface-active components have the following composition, expressed in percentages of the surface-active component:

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surfactant

sodium alkyl benzene oil sulfonate (sulfonated "DOB 055")

Sodium Cj. _ «J, - alkyl sulfate ("Dobanol 45 sulfate")

linear sodium C OC olefin sulfonate

14-18 "

example

nonionic ethoxylate one

g secondary

"Alcohol

(9EO), "Tergitol 15-S-9"

Sodium C. | _2-i .j c-alcohol SEO ether sulfate ("Dobanol 25 5EO sulfate")

M 11 1L 12 la- 12 «20 2i j g_

50 80 50 - 100 -

100

20th

50

20th

50

50

20th

- 100

CO O OO

These detergents are tested according to the test method used in Examples 11-13. The following are obtained here Results:

Detergent from detergent (#)

Example no. (Protein-containing dirt)

14 45.3

15 48.8

16 35.9

17 42.1

18 36.1

19 44.6

20 31.0

21. 50.5

Comparative example F 25.4

Comparative example G 21.1

Claims

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Claims (14)

Claims 1. Detergent consisting of a surfactant
Component and an alkali silicate, characterized in that (a) the surfactant component makes up about 10 to about 35 percent by weight of the detergent and the surfactant component itself, based on the weight of the surfactant component, from 0 to 100 percent of a surfactant ether sulfate and / or a surfactant olefin sulfonate, 0 to about 80 Percent is an alkyl benzene sulfonate surfactant; and from 0 to about 60 percent is a nonionic surfactant, provided that at least about 80 percent by weight of the
surfactant components consist of one or more of these surfactants, and (b) the alkali silicate about 30 to about 60 weight percent des Makes detergent and the basicity of the alkali silicate is so high that 0.1 percent by weight of the detergent containing aqueous solution has a pH value not below about 9. 2. Detergent according to claim 1, characterized in that the alkali silicate is a sodium silicate with a weight ratio is from about 2: 1 to about 1: 3. 3. Detergent according to claim 2, characterized in that the alkali silicate is a Na ₂ O / Sil
1: 1 "to about 1: 2. the alkali silicate has a NagO / SiOg weight ratio of about 209844/1025 4. Detergent according to claim 3, characterized in that the alkali silicate has a NapO / SiOg weight ratio of about
1: 2 ". 5. Detergent according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the alkali silicate is about 40 to about 50 percent by weight of the detergent. 6. Detergent according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the surface-active component
makes up about 10 to about 25 percent by weight of the detergent. 7. Detergent according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the surface-active ether sulfate a sodium alcohol sulfate, an ethoxylated, essentially linear, primary or secondary, aliphatic, monovalent which contains 1 to 12 ethylene oxide units. 8. A detergent composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the surfactant is an olefin sodium sulfonate of a substantially linear C. ^ ₈ - <X is olefin. 9. Detergent according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the surface-active alkylbenzene sulfonate is a sodium alkylbenzenesulfonate with an alkyl radical of 10 to 16 carbon atoms. 10. Detergent according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the surface-active alkyl sulfate a sodium alkali of a sulfated, essentially linear, 2098U / 1025 primary, aliphatic, monohydric C ₁₂ alcohol. 11. Detergent according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the nonionic surface-active Substance is an ethoxylated, essentially linear, aliphatic, monohydric alcohol containing 5 to 15 ethylene oxide units contains. 12. Detergent according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the surface-active component exclusively consists of an ether sulfate surfactant and / or an olefin sulfonate surfactant. 13 · Detergent according to claim 12, characterized in that the surface-active component consists exclusively of one surface-active ether sulfate. 14. Detergent according to one of claims 1 to 7, 9 and 10, characterized in that the surface-active component, based on the weight of the surface-active component, consists of at least about 20 percent of a surface-active ether sulfate and the remainder of the surface-active component, if any, an alkylbenzenesulfonate and / or is an alkyl sulfate. 209844/1025