DE2164237A1 - Stacking method and device - Google Patents

Description

PATENT Attorney DIPL-INQ. JOACHIM STRASSE 2 1 64

445 HANAU RÖMERSTR. 1 »· POST BOX 7» · ΤΕΙ..Ϊ08Ο3 · TELEQRAMMEi HANAUPATENT · TELEX: 41847 * 8 pat

Thomas Beaty, Jr.

Northville, Michigan, USA December 22nd, 1971

and Zo / Jg-Ad - 10 705

Asib S. Samandor

Rosevi I le, - Mi ch i gan, USA

Stacking maneuvers and devices

The invention relates to a batch method for automatic loading of a pallet with stacked goods, in which an unloaded pallet from a vertical one Storage space in the loading area and the loaded pallet be promoted in the removal area.

When it comes to packaging and material transport, in particular Known devices work when goods are stacked according to the principle of loading from above. Top loser generally have a loading platform between Is arranged three to four meters above the floor, so that the goods to be loaded, which often consist of 50 kg sacks must be raised to the level of the platform.

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Another disadvantage is that catwalks and steps are required to gain access to the individual parts of the Enable device.

Some of the known devices have a vertical movable and / or rotatable pallet platform or Turntable to move the unloaded pallet from the floor to the Raise, turn and lower the height three to four meters above, in order to load the To carry out the pallet. The mechanism for this movement is in some cases in a depression under- arranged half of the pallet and platform.

In these devices arise because of their size considerable difficulties in accessing each Share. In addition, if there is insufficient synchronization within specified limits between the vertical movement the pallet and / or the rotational movement of the pallet in relation to the release of the stacked goods by the distribution or loading device the pallets are improperly loaded and in general the entire loading of the pallet must be rearranged, even if individual parts of it before the start of the synchronizing sat I on in a suitable Catfish were loaded. ■ ■

It is the object of the present invention to provide a method and to provide a device for loading a pallet which always ensures proper loading, wherein any improper stacking that occurs does not result in a complete rearrangement of the stack results.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by a method solved, in which the stacked goods on the pallet in superimposed, blocked layers without swiveling the pallet is stacked, with the stacked goods on the side and oine

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vertically swiveling and lengthways variable conveyor track from a fixed pick-up point to the portable one Loading area transport1ert.wIrd.

For conveying the unloaded pallet out of the vertical one Storage space is advantageously all pallets except the lowest one is raised, this is taken out of the storage space and the remaining pallets are lowered.

The stacking device for performing ties procedure includes an automatic stacking system with conveyors for unloaded and loaded pallets as well as a stacking device for loading the pallet that has not been swiveled with stacked goods in stacked, interlocked layers. In an expedient embodiment of the stacking device there is the conveyor for the unloaded pallet from one Pallet magazine with a support frame for vertical stacking of at least one pallet, the supporting frame with lifting arms for lifting the pallets above the lower most pallet is provided, which directs a conveyor belt in the direction of the stacking device. Preferably takes a Support frame on a transport frame, the lengthways by a hydraulic cylinder, in the transverse direction by a Guide track and in the vertical direction by a pair laterally arranged hydraulic cylinder for loading the pallet movable Is and a stacking head that swivels around a pivot pin wearing. In addition, there is a partially copyable loading conveyor belt on the floor with the help of a footrest in the vicinity Point below or above a stationary receiving point and attached directly above or below a shaft on which an end roller of the conveyor belt is arranged. Further the stacking device comprises the conveyor for Transport of the stacked goods from a fixed point to a mobile stacking device, which consists of conveying

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tapes, which have a shaft with a bearing on the side " can be pivoted and raised by eiη support scaffolding, accordingly the lateral and vertical movements of the stacker. The conveyor belts are also responsible telescopic to the longitudinal displacement of the stacking device to be able to follow. Telescope devices are used for this purpose for changing the length of the conveyor belt provided that around the foot bearing and the shaft horizontally and around two bearings on the frame or shaft vortikaI is pivotable and attached to the floor with the foot bearing, which is arranged in the immediate vicinity of the stationary receiving point is. All movements of the stacking device can hydraulically and vol! .automat I sch / be carried out, for example with the help of control by a program tape or other control devices.

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The invention is illustrated by means of the in the drawings Embodiment explained in more detail.

Show it:

1 and 2 plan views of a partially loaded pallet, in which the successive layers against each other offsets a locking arrangement bl I den,

Fig. 3 is a partially schematic front view of a automatic stacking device according to the present invention Invention,

Figure 3A is a top plan view taken along line 3A-3A in Figure 3A. 3, 3B shows a front view of the device according to FIG. 3A,

Fig. 4 is a side view of a further embodiment the automatic stacker according to the present invention,

Flg. Figure 5 is a partial plan view of the stacking device according to fig. 4 and in a schematic representation an empty paper magazine and an occupied one Pallet receiving area and

FIg. 6 ■ a representation of the stacking head of the present one Invention"

The mode of operation of the present invention is best demonstrated of course, if first In a rough outline the process is explained in more detail.

üelm stacking objects, such as Iswalsen Säckon mit Granulate or powder form material, Dal lon, roof tiles or any other stackable product, in general

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a stacked catfish preferred, in which the objects one inside the other are blocked. In this way it is ensured that a too much pressure or a randomly applied pressure not overturns the entire load of objects on the pallet.

The Flg. 1 and 2 show stacking such as ste, for example for an arrangement formed from four sacks, similar to a pin wheel. It should be noted that this Flg. 1 and 2 serve only for explanation, se Ibs + understand-I I can use and different pallet sizes Shape and different number of items stacked on the pallet. According to the particular stacking scheme used, the first sack D-1 In becomes the lower one placed on the left corner of the pallet. Bag B-2 is around 90 twisted in the lower right corner of the palette. Sack B-3 is parallel in the upper right corner of the pallet arranged to dom sack D-I. The bag B-4 is rotated by 90 for this purpose housed in the upper left corner of the pallet parallel to the bag U-2. This arrangement gives the complete first layer or layer.

Flg. Figure 2 shows the second layer formed from sacks. The palette is not moved when the second layer is applied, so that the in Fig. 2 shown layer above the in Flg. 1 shown Layer I lays, a sack U-5 1st parallel in the upper left corner arranged to the bag B-I. The bag B-6 is turned by 90 and placed in the upper right corner. A sack B-7 is parallel to the bag B-5 in the lower right corner, and a sack ü-8 is rotated 90 ° in the lower left Corner provided. The second layer is a mirror image, i.e. H. arranged by a half turn with respect to the layering of the first layer. On this IVe 1 se, the layers are interlocked when stacking, also called "blocking stacking of cargo" referred to as. Are all layers the same, for example similar the position shown in Fig. 1, the impression can arise

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that four independent vertical stacks of sacks are arranged on the pallet and that each improperly stacked sack on one of the stacks the total stack! to the Can bring collapse. However, as can be easily seen from the preceding remarks, this is by no means true to.

Based on Fig. 3, the working table on the automatic Stacking device 10 explained in more detail, which is an unoccupied Pallet magazine 12 with vertical support supports 14 and 16 and a floor or lower support frame 18 comprises. FIg. 3 shows

a plurality of unloaded pallets 20a 201 and two

front articulated lifting arms 22.

In Figure 3A, two rear articulated lift arms 24 are similar the lifting arms 22 shown. Each of the lifting arms 22, 24 is provided with its own lifting edge 23. Dio both left Lifting arms 22 and 24 are on a horizontally adjustable support frame 25, as from Flg. 3A and 3D can be seen, hinged .. The the two right lifting arms 22 and 24 are articulated to a further, horizontally adjustable support frame 27.

Each lifting arm 22 is an adjustable connecting part 29 assigned and bolted to this. Each rear lift arm 24 is assigned to a hydraulic cylinder 31 and with this tied together. As the hydraulic cylinder 31 extends, all the articulated lifting arms 22, 24 rotate the center of the Magazine 12 too. The lifting edges 23 encompass the second pallet from below and lift the unloaded pallets vertically. the The lowest pallet can be unloaded with the aid of a conveyor belt 26 or some other suitable mechanical device. The hydraulic cylinders 31 are then retracted again, whereby the articulated lift arms 22, 24 pivot outwardly with respect to the center of the magazine 12 to the unloaded. To release the pallet. The lifting arms 22 and 24 can then rotate again towards the center of the magazine 12,

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to include the second pallet from the bottom if another Pallet is required. In FIg. 3 Is a pallet 28 in front of the Arriving at loading area 30 shown shortly after they from the .unbe I adenen pallet magazine 12 was released.

Either one or both of the horizontal support frame 2> and / or 27 is adjustable so that the distance between them by moving the one frame to the left or right -. As shown in FIG 3A can be seen, 1st variable.

The loading or stacking area is the area in which the Items such as sacks are loaded onto the pallet will. In Fig. 3 there is a pallet 32 in the loading area 30, on which, for example, five layers of bags 34 are stacked are. The alternately interlocked arrangement of the bags, as explained with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, is can also be seen from FIG. 3. A loading or stacking device 36 is schematically shown in FIG. 3 indicated above the layers formed from the bags 34 to their position within to illustrate the overall device. details of the stacking device 36 are in Flg. 4 and 5 shown. .

The loading area 30 is followed by a removal area 38, to which a conveyor belt 26 transports the fully loaded pallet, and another conveyor belt system, not shown, which lifts the fully loaded pallet 40, and these, into one To create storage or shipping space.

The unloaded pallet magazine 12 and the conveyor belt 26 for removing the pallets are not the subject of the invention. Empty pallets 28 can just as easily be placed in the loading area 30 manually or by suitable mechanical devices such as a forklift truck to be brought and Im fully ladenorr State can be removed again by such a forklift.

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As the number of layers in the loading area increases, the Stack higher and higher, so either the stacker or the loader 36 must be raised or the partially loaded pallet must be lowered. One of the problems with the known stacking devices is the need to turn the device into one To arrange the recess below the loading area, while Im In contrast, in the present invention, the charger 36 is mounted so as to be vertically displaceable as needed is. The fact that no devices are arranged below the floor surface eliminates the need a swiveling or rotating pallet platform. The charging device 36 Can be moved laterally to get out of the sacks 34 the positions explained with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 too. to shape.

Usually the bales or bags 34 to be stacked after the last manufacturing step and after packaging transported on by a conveyor belt, which in general ends at a given fixed place. The conveyor device according to the invention must therefore be able to Balls or a sack 34 from a predetermined location or location predetermined area to the stacking or loading device 36 transport, regardless of whether the load is vertical and / or to the side of the loading or stacking device 36. It is not economical and not feasible to demand that the stacking device 36 after each sack 34 has been loaded the height of the surface area should be returned. To avoid this disadvantage is a part of the flight. 4 and 5 shown te Ieskop1 erbaren loading conveyor belt 46 with variable Length provided that can be pivoted to the left or right from the center and can be turned in an arc shape in the vertical direction, always a conveyor track from the fixed point at which the bales or bags 34 are picked up up to the stacker 36 above the S tape surface 30.

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The bale is picked up by a receiving surface 42 along the loading conveyor belt 46 guided to a transport conveyor belt 56. The left or more distant support frame 52 the te IeskopIerbaren loading conveyor belt 46 is on one Foot bearing 43 is arranged, which is attached to the ground. Oer center of this foot bearing 43 is directly below the Center of an elongated shaft 45, which is an end roller 47 of the outer portion dos conveyor belt 46 carries. The shaft 45 fulfills two tasks, on the one hand it carries the Endroi Ie 47 and diont, on the other hand, as a bearing point via two bearings attached to the frame 52 through which the Boschickungsförderband 46 rotatable in a vertical plane Is. An attachment 54 is through a pivot bearing 49 with dom Frame 64 connected, which is a toi) of a transport frame 58. 0er attachment 54 Is on an elongated shaft 51 a Head roller 53 of a te IeskopI erbaren section 55 of the conveyor belt 46 fastened by two flange bearings.

The transport conveyor belt 56 and the stacking device 36 are carried by the transport frame 56 which is supported by a support frame 60. A hydraulic cylinder, not shown, supplies the force to the transport frame 58 forwards or to move back, that is, into or out of the location area 30 or to the left or to the right as in the fig. 4 followed. Another pair of hydraulic cylinders, not shown Is attached to the side of a conveyor frame 62 to to move the support frame 60 vertically. Dei an upward movement dos scaffolding 60 pushes a frame 64, which is part of the Transport frame 58 is up, the nearer end of the conveyor track. The near end of the telescopic loading conveyor belt 46 follows because of the pivot points 49 and 51 and the telescope i heritable t of the conveyor belt the movement of the transport frame nens 58. The bales 34 are from dor -Auf nahnof I Scho or dom Pick-up point 42 promoted to the corresponding Hoho. In a similar way, a lateral movement causes the transport frame 58 (compare FIG. 5) because of the swirling points 43, 45

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and the te Ieskopierbarkeit of the conveyor belt 46 no interruption the conveyor track from the receiving area 42 to the transport conveyor belt 56.

The hydraulic cylinders and hydraulic pressure lines are known per se and were made to improve clarity of the drawings are omitted.

The partial top view of the device in FIG. 5 Figure 6 shows a track 66 that allows lateral or lateral movement of the transport frame 58 allows. Because of the support of the frame 58 via the frame 64 and the pivot points 49 and 51, the conveyor belt 46 at both ends with the frame 52 and the attachment 54 is connected, the attachment 54 follows the movements of the transport frame 58. The conveyor system leads accordingly movements corresponding to the vertical, lateral and / or forward and backward movements of the transport frame 58 off, with always one conveyor track from the fixed one Surface 42 runs to the stacking device 36.

The storage or stacking device 36 comprises a swivel joint or a pivot 68, which is suspended from the transport frame 58 and one attached to the lower part of the pivot 68 Stacking head 70. The swivel joint 68 allows a hydraulic one Rotation of the stacker head 70 by 90 about a vertical axis. The rotatability of the Stapolkopfos 70 through a 90 degree arc clockwise or counterclockwise to the longitudinal axis the stacking device represents a significant advantage of the Invention. It goes without saying that according to the invention a rotatability of 180, 270 and / or 360 of the stacking head 70 is also possible.

As can be seen from Figures 1, 2 and 4, the to stacking bales or bags 34 along the conveyor tracks 46 and 56 transported. The bale or sack 34 leaves the conveyor

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derband 56 and its course leads it into the stacking head 70, which has an interior 72 with an exit floor 74 and will be described below with reference to Fig. 6. The solid ones Lines show the trigger mechanism in the lock ment 'and the dashed lines in the disclosure. A bale or sack 34 reaches the discharge plates 73, 80, which are parts of the horizontal trigger members 32 and 84, respectively. If substantially vertical members 8G and 88 hydraulic the horizontal vents move 82, 84 and the trigger plates 78, 80 horizontally sideways. This creates an opening through which the

fc Gallen or the sack 34 falls into the pallet.

W -

In the context of modern technology, it is desirable to have this Carry out the process fully automatically. Many processes are computer-controlled or by a program tape or by program cards controlled. Essentially, it is about having a perforated tape or cardboard box together with a Control device used to insert the cards or the tape and to scan the position of the various perforations will. The position of the perforations can be scanned electrically in order to open or close relays and thereby motors and / or start or stop pumps. The distance between different hole groups shows the time intervals P while a certain process is running. Because tape-controlled Machines are known, this general hint is sufficient the possibility of fully automating the system to meet the needs of the professional an automation of the stacking device according to the present To have the invention carried out without a detailed, detailed description being required each individual process step in the explanation above according to the present invention.

Expectations

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Claims (7)

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Expectations: experienced for the automatic loading of a pallet with tapeI well, at dom an unloaded pallet of one vertical storage space in the Be Iadeborelch and the loaded pallet is conveyed to the removal area are characterized by that the stacked goods on the pallet, in one on top of the other, blocked layers are stacked without pivoting the pallet, the stacked goods from a laterally and vertically pivotable as well as variable in length conveyor track fixed receiving part iη the movable one The cargo area is transported. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized e i c h η e t that for conveying out the unloaded Pallet from the vertical storage space with all pallets With the exception of the lowest pallet raised, the lowest pallet led out of the storage space and the remaining pallets be lowered. 3. Stacking device for carrying out the method according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that conveyor devices for unloaded and loaded pallets (28 or 32) and a stacking device (36) for loading the not pivoted pallet (28) with stacked goods (34) in one on top of the other, blocked Layers are provided. 4. Stacking device according to claim 3, characterized in that the conveying device for the unboladone pallet consists of a pallet magazine (12) with a support frame (14, 16, 18) for the vertical stacking of at least one pallet (20), the Carrying ßAD ORiGiMAL ' ⁴ v. 2 0 9829/0671 Frame (14, 16, 18) is provided with lifting arms (22, 24) for lifting the pallets above the lowest pallet, which a conveyor belt (26) guides in the direction of the stacking device (36). 5. Stacking device according to claims 3 and 4, characterized in that a support frame (60) receives a transport frame (58), which is driven in the longitudinal direction by a hydraulic cylinder, in the transverse direction through a guideway (66) and in VertIkaIrichtunn W is movable by a pair of laterally arranged hydraulic cylinders for loading the pallet and carries a stacking head (70) which can be pivoted about a pivot pin (68). 6. Stacking device according to claim 3, characterized ζ el c h η ο t that a te IeskopI erable Bosch 1 chuck conveyor belt (46) on the floor with the help of a footrest (43) In the vicinity of a point below or above a stationary one Pick-up point (42) and directly above or below a shaft (52) is attached to which a F.ndrolle (47) of the conveyor belt (46) is arranged 1st. It 7. Stacking device according to one or more of the claims to 6, characterized gekennzelchnöt that the conveyor for transporting the stacked goods from a stationary point (42) to a portable one Stacking device (36) consists of conveyor belts (46, 56), the side via a shaft (45) with a bearing (43) can be pivoted and lifted by a support frame (60), corresponding to the lateral and vertical movements of the stacking device (36) and that the conveyor belts (46, 56) are telescopic to the longitudinal displacement of the stacking device (36) to follow. 209829/0671 - -15 - Stacking device according to claim 7, characterized in that telescopic devices are provided for changing the length of the loading conveyor belt (46) which surrounds the foot bearings (43) and the
Shaft (45) horizontally and around two bearings on frame (52)
can be swiveled vertically and with. the foot bearing (43) is attached to the Dodon, which is arranged in the immediate vicinity of the stationary receiving point (42). 209829/0671