DE2159378A1 - Method and device for producing a hydraulic engineering structure, in particular for exploiting oil fields - Google Patents

Description

IWSiDH ¹ UT PRANCAIS DU PEIROLE DES CARBURAFl ¹ S ΕΪ LUBRIFIAIiI ¹ S RUKIL-MALMAISON / France

Method and device for creating a hydraulic engineering structure, especially for harvesting oil feathers.

The invention relates to a method for producing a Hydraulic structure, particularly used for the exploitation of oil fields is intended and also has a device for carrying out this procedure as its subject.

In the near future, the = research work from Turn the continental shelf away and deal with the deeper water zones »Those currently under investigation in large petroleum exploration companies and in

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state organizations supporting this activity investigated methods have the determination of drilling and production units for very considerable water depths to the subject.

By means of the measures according to the invention, for example a hydraulic construction of the "island" type in the form of a truncated cone-shaped hollow column or -Create a column, which is brought into place by elements. This column enables after its creation drilling a number η of holes on the perimeter of the structure, for example a multiple of three holes for an oil field on which it is installed Bring production.

This dense and hollow column can be used as a storage tank serve for the buffer storage on the occasion of the production of petroleum products. It can be in its upper part, the can protrude, be equipped with all the organs necessary for control and removal are (energy generators, separators, wellheads and Conveyor arrangements, return pumps "pipeline" or Flushing stations. for tankers, manifold controls etc., » This platform can also, for example, with protruding installations for the monitoring staff (accommodation, Offices etc β ·· «) be equipped,

An exemplary embodiment of a hydraulic engineering structure according to the invention will now be understood with reference to the enclosed Drawings are explained in more detail in which

Pig. 1 shows a section on the left and a view of an island fully assembled in the sea on the right;

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- 3 -.
Pig, 2 shows the top view of Mg. 1;

Prop. 3 is a section along the line a-b through the Basic coat shot of those in the sea Island (see Pig «1);

Pig * 4 shows four prefabricated or assembled elements; .

Pig- * 5 is a half-section along the line c-d in Pig. 4; . '■'

Pig. 6 a just manufactured and covered with a lightening barrel shell inside an empty $ rockendoeks;

Pigc 7 seigf die watering of the arrangement;

Pig. 8 explains the complete simplification and Making the arrangement floatable;

Pigo 9 fiddled like the arrangement consisting of a in front of a fabricated element of the V / water building structure and their lightening storage is set down on the ground;

Pig, 10 shows the riot of the prefabricated element on the floor;

Pig * 11 shows two design standards for sealing zv / iBchen two consecutive prefabricated Elements of the hydraulic structure;

the Pigo 12 and 13 show a Ausführungeform, wherein the upper shell ring of the structure, in this ft Ausftihrungsbeispiel in the L _u, is set ο

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In the Pig. 1 is a hollow structure of frustoconical shape, which is used for the Storage of crude oil is used #

According to the exemplary embodiment shown in Pig * 1, a water depth H of 100 m, an emergence depth of 30 m and an average density of the hollow oil d = 0.8 are assumed. This dimensioning makes it possible to have the entire SpeieherinnemraLumen, with a empty space of 5 m at the top! Ceil is maintained to enable the control without interference during filling _A. This PüTlungssteuer the storage W is done thanks to the openings 1, which are provided in the base jacket section 2 and which allow the introduction or withdrawal of water with respect to the storage volume is connected to the water level, continuously shows the volume of the stored oil «

The balance of external and internal pressures is theoretically (the influence of the dimension of the openings 1 is negligible) given by the relation:

H χ 1 sh χ 1 + h ₁ χ d

Pur d = - 0 ₅ 8; h + h ₁ = 125 m; H = 100 m, the equation can be written au;

100 χ 1 s 125 x 0.8

Herein: h means the water level in the structure and h., the height of the crude oil in the structure ;, the density of the Sea water is assumed to be 1.

2 0 9825/0763

The shell wefts forming the structure are placed on top of one another by a method to be described below; This production of the tightness of the seals is also only examined at the end. The base jacket section is equipped on the outside with a number η (multiple of 3) of guide tubes 4, which are enclosed and fastened by clamps or clamps 5. In the considered embodiment, it is assumed a number η = 9 Pührungsrohren of 4 "These tubes include a small extension 6 at its upper T _e il and are provided with two Ftihrungskabeln 7, the diametrically gegenüberliegenden- at two of the expansion 6 μ

Places are attached. These cables are loop-like united and the length of this loop is sufficient to> to be guided to the upper part of the island if necessary * The installations for control and production as well as the accommodations and offices of the surveillance personnel are protected by a ßestellkrone 8 in the upper part of the sea island. When jacket shot 9 is the first to emerge from the surface of the sea

As a function of the sea island formed at the site of formation of the conical through these stacking Mantelsohüsse prevailing underwater currents, one can Ain forced to anchor against the seabed by assembling a certain number of elements%, the assembly thus formed. The Pig. 4 and 5 show the technique used for this purpose.

First, three guide tubes 4 are selected, which are arranged at 120 ° to each other. The fourth shot 10, which is to receive the anchoring is from the construction in its upper area with three as shown in Fig. 5, open tab approaches 11 and with a conical seat shown in Figo 4 »The

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Setting this coat shot a 10 requires special Take precautions as the Aohsen of the openings of the approaches Long tubes 4 must be located on the generators of the selected in the base jacket section 2 guide · To the to make certain bores for anchoring, one will expediently the guide cable 7 up to the surface either by means of divers or by means of a remote-controlled submarine vehicle provided with a gripper element raise, D ^ -nk this guide cable a provisional piping 12 (shown in phantom in Fig. 4 in a vertical position) with the guide tube 4 be connected. This pipe is then inclined and 'enters the bearing of the neck 11. From the top surface aua, the bore is then carried out across this provisional tube 12 finished at the desired l'iafe, the provisional Pipe replaced by the final piping 13 (shown in Figure 4 in solid lines). This tubing is on the conical seat of the extension 12 due to thick conical wedges set; cementation takes place; this goes up to the upper part of the guide tube 4 · at two diametral.dem tube 13 attached opposite points are two guides forming a loop 15. The length of the loop is sufficient to reach the top To be part of the sea island. The guide cables 15 are used to lead that standard guide tube when lowering and allow the continuation of the Scattering or radiating production bores through the pipes 13Undurch and are for the intermediate anchoring the fourth coat shoe 10 is determined.

The casing sections are preferably made from conventional reinforced concrete; but it can also be in special way to be raised to sea transport

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and enable "in situ" mounting; the arrangement eats then to one. Trestle suspended for lifting heavy pastes, since this set procedure is the only one that can be used.

To enable such an approach on the sea floor, one works according to the invention in the following process steps: the concrete element is made in this way using light petrol Made it easier to get a positive in sea water Buoyancy achieved for the arrangement, which allows its transfer in the sea by towing; one slight negative buoyancy becomes easily in place and place reached to the setting respectively «," paragraphs in hanging The situation on the hook of the buck is more likely to be distributed «■ Around the Solving problems in depths of more than 200 m of water can be determined that after a previous investigation the minimum concrete volumes to be brought into place, the assembly to be transported is not sufficient made easier vifer the can to achieve a positive swimming ability in sea water «, Two cases are to look at here?

1 «Pall: The negative swimming ability obtained is between 0 and 500 f; The latter number corresponds to the use of an already large _{buck o} The problem of the ülran.sportes is solved by arranging an additional swimming device at the construction site and that the intended buck can be used at the place where it is set down »

? 2β] all-i The negative preserved buoyancy is above 600 _e Jiine t investigation in facilitating each shell shot is made dam and one can provide for hollow structures; the complementary concrete portion being provided "in situ". J) this concrete ensures the tightness of the

209825/0763 BAD ORIGINAL

between each coat shot. A non-negligible advantage of this concept is in to see the fact that the base jacket shot 2 is placed on a slightly imperfect floor can be; the complementary proportion of concrete introduced from the surface ensures for additional seating and a completely horizontal upper sealing level. The procedure of weaning o remains the same "

The place chosen for such fabrication is in the form of a dry dock or, preferably, a floating dock ”.

The following are the various operations for the general case of positive swimming ability in the Sea water for the arrangement (jacket weft + lightening device) set out.

Fabrication;

It is believed that this manufacture is in a Type of dry dock is made in the vicinity of the place where the sea egg is to be set. A non-limiting one Examples of the sequence of these operations are shown in FIGS. 6, 7 and 8.

In the initial stage illustrated by FIG. 6, the Dry dock training empty, the (floating) gate 16 is against the sea 17 closed. The base coat shot 2 will if he finishes eating once; with the help of a crane · with the lighter-weight specialist 18 in the shape of a 'chinesischan "Covered" hats. Used as in this exemplary embodiment a loan facility, of which at least one Part of the capacity to be transported in each prefabricated Element can be accommodated, one obtains a further reduced space requirement of the arrangement * This memory

0 9 8 2 5/0763 _{BAD 0R | Q (NAL}

rests on the jacket weft 2 and is with; connected to the latter via a series of compensated Halam 19, the feat at. Each of these hinged hooks 19 comprises a counterweight 20 resting on a toilet in order to prevent the hooks 19 from coming free at the moment when the storage device 18 is attached Light petrol is filled. * This filling takes place via a flexible line 22 and the slide 23 which is in the closed position in Pig »6 * The Benain is pumped by means of the pump 24. The hook 25 enables the arrangement to be held; the featme, cherlasche 26 enables towing in the sea »

I ¹ Ig ₃ 7 the watering of the arrangement by progressive opening of the '! Ore 16 mil :; consequently ai penetration of the Ifeeros 17. * The slide 23 is open in order to pump out air iir »d eo allow the complete filling of the lightening gasoline 18 with Muereawassr * au Leichterimgsöpeicher a. huge gasoline progressively takes the ga β tr ic lie Ib on Ii - · ι at 27; taxi; the pump to stop when has lifted Aich whether r memory and the hooks 19 under tension _sötK-t} whose Ge close g v / i elite 20 always rest on Klötzai2i ·. The enthalfcöiie in memory I8 V / aase-z * escapes through Hü to the extent vrle Don & iin pumplj it gets Drjr 8 OH: bbf.ir 'Jj viird gaachlossen and success leash allgömsiae inspection by divers hauphsächlich to alcheraustellenp that dl "hook IQ correctly ß

According to FIG. 8, the filling of the storage tank IO with light gasoline via the pump 24, you ·; Line 22 and then o / fene.u B ₍ > hLeber for sgesötisto L3'o it should be assumed that the hetigo brought to the room 29. LyiohirbeKirf the order (IJelchberun ^ öHpeicher lü and Mnutelachuß 2) alno positive Bf.lwimniL'Mhi ^ .kolt confers, as in the case of termination

BATH ORIGINAL

209 8 25/0763

of the process shown in I ¹ Ig ₀ 8. The slide 23 is closed. The flexible reveal 22 is separated by uncoupling the ana uhlua α es 1'3 and a tow bar coupled to the bracket 26 can move the arrangement to the place where it is submerged. to earth, bring »

Since the arrangement (storage 18 and Mantöli-iohuß 2) has a positive volatility, e.g. in Pig, the transport by the army can be carried out without any problem, since the sci 'Uhigkett can be easily modified by adding. bizpLelswelse the Ii ¹ OrUi de «storage system (ala puncture of the swell) interprets», which is usually acquired for calm weather ,

In the canoe, however, at considerable depths (of the order of magnitude of 200 m and moor) it can happen that the v / lohbig ^ e construction or several u _o hwtnimer hlnssuggs v; earths which qb errnüglichüAi, the negative floating ability of the arrangement sui and no their transport over the sea oe ihe rzunl; e Ilen »J) the attachment of the bchvrimmer can be between the one shown in Figs 7 shown Phaae and the after Fig _s 8 eri'oJ.geiu the Loichberun given by the swimmers; yoll zwiychou 0 and 600 are t to the intervention EJchwimmbocka öineü the moment dea setting au ermöglichenj order during dea Transportea the vibrations is au attenuate due to the swell in each Ba /. ' ^! ) Requires a hydraulic damper κν / ia chenge switched b.

DiS AbaetHen on dom Meurosboden vn.rd υ la an iiiiiid don Mg ₀ 9 uiirl ¹ O eriiiufcerto

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A careful examination of the sea floor must be carried out beforehand in order to select a completely horizontal area. "The latter is characterized by ballast 31" The arrangement transported over the sea (man elsohuss 2 and reservoir 18) - previously described - is wirö. the BookeB _s hung on the hook 32 33 by switching einöi hydraulic shock absorber 34- between the memory 18 and the hook 32 · This arrangement eats with the crane of the floating bracket 33 via a Piaschensug 35 "the Flaachenaugseile 36, the fixed point 37 and the drive gear 38 winding on the winch 39 is connected _β FIG. 9 shows the end of the process when it is set down on the ground. the state of the arrangement hanging on the hook 3? To achieve this, the following operations were necessary:

Open the slides 25 and 40 to remove some of the light gasoline Evacuate the container provided as a memory in the book 33 via the tube 22 against the container. This process is interrupted by closing the slide 40 when the negative buoyancy of the assembly to be deposited "This negative buoyancy that acts on the hook 32 is a puncture of the state of the sea and the capacity selected for the hydraulic link 34; In general, it is only useful for a small amount of time to be attached in such a way that maneuvering elasticity is maintained down to the ground *

Before lowering the arrangement with the help of the crane of the trestle 33 a monitoring device can be sent to the ground, For example, the underwater vehicle 41, which of the Surface aim is remotely controlled by the cable 42 and Projectors öowis recording devices 43 on v / eist. That Image thunder, wao ea oah. is via the cable 42 on a screen 44 transmitted to the Oborflache = this kontip.u.1 ei'liouf ·: observation makes it possible to find out exactly that Arrangement (Snrj.chcrsnordramg 18 and Iiantelschuß 2) at the

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BATH ORIGINAL

by the ballast body 31 to put down previously cleared point. The backdrop 34 then plays its role and follows the fluctuations of the dinunge the burden remains completely stable, slightly deposited on the seabed. It takes place Then, due to the vehicle 41, a visual measurement of the upper level of the jacket shot 2 “It is always still possible to lift the assembly and rotate it and set it down to reach the upper level of the Mantelschussee 2 analyze au. If the situation is correct, one proceeds to the maneuvers of the release of the jacket shot 2 · This Maneuver is shown together in Pig 9 and 10 * After a final check of the horizontality of the upper side of the jacket section 2, a lightening reservoir is weighted down 18 by opening the slide 40 * The slide 25 eats remained open. You can also let the hook 32 from initial flushing oil 45 between reservoir 18 and jacket weft 2 go downstairs. The hooks 19 then come free and take the position indicated in FIG. 10. The vehicle 41 is allowed to describe the lap around the jacket weft 2 in order to be to make sure that all hooks 19 have come loose. This observation can be seen on the screen 44 as a result of the projector and recording device 45 and the Follow cable 42. Subsequent to this review will be the slide 40 closed and the lightening store 18 to the surface through the hook 32, the movable one Pulley 35, the pulley ropes 36 and by winding the drive drum 33 onto the drum of the V / inde 39 of the trestle 33 lifted again. When the lightening store is to be brought to the base by the sea, it is relieved again by moving the slide 46 opens and light gasoline is conveyed via the pump 24 and the hose 22 after the slide 25 is closed the hose 22 is removed from the connection pieces 30 and the lightening reservoir 18 is dragged until a new jacket section is used to cover it.

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Speicher 18 can also be returned νΒ? ύ.βη> after it has been completely emptied of Beinern light gasoline and is then lifted empty onto a maintenance ship over the block 33 «

The attachment of the following coat shots goes according to the same procedure before siohs the Leiohterungsapeicher 18 is designed so that he his role in the great possible number of jacket shots to be etched "

Pig. 11 shows in the exemplary embodiment two possible sealing solutions for the seal between two jacket sections « The latter seal can be made, for example, in the following two ways *

- either by cords 47 of synthetic rubber or any other plastic product which is resistant to sea water and crude oil · These cords

47 are at the top of the mantle shot in the inclined Arranged levels of a trough-shaped groove provided in the construction. In the moment of insertion, the! Es§ Cords 47 through a cross-sectioned trough-shaped peder crushed, which is provided on the lower construction of the upper to be set jacket shot, with a game

48 remains.

- or by a layer 49 of asphalt or another equivalent plastic product which is resistant to sea water and crude oil and which is _{already trough-shaped in the upper part of the Mantelschusee in a groove r} di © from the construction, is provided »After the upper part has been set Mantelaehusses the game 50 remains filled with the product ensuring the tightness.

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One of the guide tubes 4 is shown on the base jacket body 2; one of its fastening and anchoring clamps 5 is with the two guide ropes 7 ready to be picked up again from the surface in order to guide the pipe au enable that either for the anchoring drills or for the scattering or radiant production wells is determined · The position of these pipes arranged outside these jacket sections is chosen to be as described Explain procedures; these tubes minnen inside or be provided in the material of the jacket wefts without having to modify anything in the setting process *

The setting of the coat shot emerging to the surface in Fig. 1 represents a particular loan problem. Figures 11 and 12 illustrate one possible solution to this problem.

The jacket section 9 is designed with the maximum permissible height and in the dry dock or floating dock form, the place of its manufacture, is surrounded by an air-filled float, which consists of two identical half-rings 51 (Pig * 12 and 13) The jacket section 9 rests on hinged Anchors 51a on beams 52 “These beams are attached to the float on two parts 51 using plates and bolts 53. The two half-wreaths 51 are also firmly connected to one another via a system of angle irons 54. Upon arrival at the site of the skimming, the coat section is hung up by the trestle and the float, consisting of two parts 51, is made difficult to get into the hanging position. The floats 51 are then made a little heavier in order to release the beams 52 ₃ which are dismantled and recovered. Then the floats 51 turn, detached from one another and evacuated. Thanks to the reinforcements 55 (FIGS. 12 and 13) that are in readiness, the construction of the upper file can be completed "in situ".

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~ 15 -

After the concrete reinforcement has been completed, it is beneficial to to cover the arrangement with a hood made of sheet steel with an apron, which to a large extent the seal (9a - Pig «1) covers * Such a covering avoids damage this seal on the cows of the surface and enables an easier insertion of the Geetell crown s (Mg. 1), the Joining the production wells and reinforcing the upper emerging rope of the sea island.

The conception of the hydraulic engineering structures as described above was ,, is not exclusively aimed at the oil exploitation process limited; Rather, it can also be a useful solution for foundations in deep water which are intended to form the superstructure of bridges isu that have been beaten across the sea or across rivers will c.

Modifications can be made to the method according to the invention, in Within the scope of the invention *

For example, the regulation of swimming ability the one by the lead-holding facility and the prefabricated one Element z * B. A two formed arrangements with a © variation the respective water volumes and one in this lightening device containing liquid of greater density can be obtained, this lightening device of course in the absence of liquid a positive Has buoyancy »

Incidentally, the initial stage (shown in Fig * 6) where to put the I.eiohterungaeinrichtung 18 on the prefabricated Element 2 drops off, just as well in the dive bus and this one Element by lowering the rental equipment into the

209825/076 3 _ßAD

Vasßermaeee be carried out. This lowering can, for example, by. Introducing a liquid that is denser than water into this lightening device , and by removing the same volume of water or sucking in a liquid that is less dense than water and is contained in this lightening device, which is then replaced by water . In the first pail a suspension device is used which, of course, when it is filled with water, has a positive buoyancy and in the second case a release device which, of course, when it is filled with water, produces a negative buoyancy.

Claims

209825/0763 -

ORIGINAL BATHROOM

Claims (1)

- 17 - "Claims 1.) Process for creating a hydraulic structure, in particular for extracting oil fields, with stacking of prefabricated elements, characterized by the combination of the following process steps % a.) At a place of sufficient depth, where one can immerse a completely prefabricated element on the spot, one detachably attaches to this prefabricated element a hollow suspension device, which includes a liquid with a density different from that of water, the change in volume of which in makes it possible for the lightening device to regulate its buoyancy, this buoyancy being adjusted in such a way that the arrangement formed by the lightening device and the prefabricated element is brought into a floating position, b.) in the water is the result of this prefabricated element and this lightening device is transported to the construction site, c.) After arriving at the construction site, its buoyancy is reduced to such an extent that it is prefabricated Element can be lowered more easily at the selected location and then releases this lightening device and brings them back up and d «) the above-mentioned procedural steps are repeated, in order to transport at least © in another prefabricated element to the construction site, which is then put into the Water lowers to ee on the already set prefabricated Let the element rest ssu » 209825/0763 2.) The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the attachment of the rental equipment to the prefabricated part Element in the tau state of this prefabricated element and by lowering the loaner into the Water mass is made. 3 ·) Method according to claim 2, characterized in that the lowering of the lightening device into the water cup is made by introducing a liquid more dense than water into this lightening device. 4 ») Method according to claim 2, characterized in that lowering the rental equipment into the water mass © is carried out by drawing off a liquid contained in this lightening device more easily than water and is replaced by water. 5 ·) Device for carrying out the method according to claim 1, characterized by a lightening device (18) with a flexible line (22) for feeding with Liquid of a density less than that of water connected5 and by means (19) laying down against this prefabricated element (2), these fastening devices (I9) being designed to be detachable. 6.) Device according to claim 5 »characterized in that these fastening devices are designed such that si © have its position in which the YorM> v ± - zierte element hangs on the Xieichterungs-device (18), such that a certain Game (45? Flg. 9) between the lightening device (18) and the upper edge of the prefabricated element (2) ^ mr remains; and have a disengaging position which is obtained by moving the lightening device (18) downwards with respect to this prefibrated element 2098 2 5/0763 and enables this decoupling by simply reducing it the buoyancy of the lightening device (18) " 7o) Device according to claim 5 »characterized in that these fastening devices (19) consist of articulated hooks associated with counterweights (20). 8.) Device according to claim 5 for the construction of a Hydraulic structure made of hollow prefabricated elements, marked by a lightening facility from which at least part of the capacity in each prefabricated element to be transported to produce a reduced one Space requirement of the arrangement can be stored (Fig. 6-8) « 9 «) Device according to claim 5» characterized in that the lightening device by default when filled with water has a positive buoyancy, the buoyancy of this lightening device being modifiable is by putting in it a liquid denser than water is introduced and the corresponding amount of water is displaced from the lightening device. 10 ·) Device according to claim 5y, characterized in that the lightening device by default when filled with water is, has a negative buoyancy, wherein the buoyancy of this lightening device thereby It is modifiaable that a liquid with a Density less than water and the corresponding amount of water from the lightening device to the outside drives out * 209825/0763