DE2149655A1 - METHOD OF MANUFACTURING A SHOVEL FOR FLOW MACHINERY - Google Patents

METHOD OF MANUFACTURING A SHOVEL FOR FLOW MACHINERY

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Publication number
DE2149655A1
DE2149655A1 DE19712149655 DE2149655A DE2149655A1 DE 2149655 A1 DE2149655 A1 DE 2149655A1 DE 19712149655 DE19712149655 DE 19712149655 DE 2149655 A DE2149655 A DE 2149655A DE 2149655 A1 DE2149655 A1 DE 2149655A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
synthetic resin
blade
reinforced
wedge
layers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
DE19712149655
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Pawlik Ute Sommer Geb
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BBC Brown Boveri France SA
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BBC Brown Boveri France SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BBC Brown Boveri France SA filed Critical BBC Brown Boveri France SA
Publication of DE2149655A1 publication Critical patent/DE2149655A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B29C70/08—Fibrous reinforcements only comprising combinations of different forms of fibrous reinforcements incorporated in matrix material, forming one or more layers, and with or without non-reinforced layers
    • B29C70/081—Combinations of fibres of continuous or substantial length and short fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • B29D99/0025—Producing blades or the like, e.g. blades for turbines, propellers, or wings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2063/00—Use of EP, i.e. epoxy resins or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
    • B29K2105/08—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of continuous length, e.g. cords, rovings, mats, fabrics, strands or yarns
    • B29K2105/10—Cords, strands or rovings, e.g. oriented cords, strands or rovings
    • B29K2105/101—Oriented
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
    • B29K2105/12—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of short lengths, e.g. chopped filaments, staple fibres or bristles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
    • B29K2105/16—Fillers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
    • B29K2105/16—Fillers
    • B29K2105/165—Hollow fillers, e.g. microballoons or expanded particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2307/00—Use of elements other than metals as reinforcement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2309/00—Use of inorganic materials not provided for in groups B29K2303/00 - B29K2307/00, as reinforcement
    • B29K2309/08—Glass
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2707/00—Use of elements other than metals for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
    • B29K2707/04—Carbon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2709/00—Use of inorganic materials not provided for in groups B29K2703/00 - B29K2707/00, for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
    • B29K2709/02—Ceramics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2709/00—Use of inorganic materials not provided for in groups B29K2703/00 - B29K2707/00, for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
    • B29K2709/08—Glass
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/08—Blades for rotors, stators, fans, turbines or the like, e.g. screw propellers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
    • B32B2038/0052—Other operations not otherwise provided for
    • B32B2038/0076—Curing, vulcanising, cross-linking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/02—Composition of the impregnated, bonded or embedded layer
    • B32B2260/021—Fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/04—Impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/046—Synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
    • B32B2262/106—Carbon fibres, e.g. graphite fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2603/00—Vanes, blades, propellers, rotors with blades

Description

117/71 ES/er117/71 ES / er

Aktiengesellschaft Brown, Boveri & Cie., Baden (Schweiz)Public limited company Brown, Boveri & Cie., Baden (Switzerland)

Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Schaufel für StrömungsmaschinenProcess for the production of a blade for turbomachines

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Schaufel für Strömungsmaschinen, deren Schaufelblatt aus mehreren mit Kunstharz versetzten faserverstärkten Schichten besteht, un'd deren Schaufelfuss durch mindestens einen zwischen den mit Kunstharz versetzten faserverstärkten Schichten eingebetteten Keil gebildet ist, wobei der Keil aus einem mit Kunstharz getränkten oder imprägnierten Füllstoff besteht.The invention relates to a method for producing a blade for turbomachines, their blade consists of several fiber-reinforced layers mixed with synthetic resin, and their blade root by at least one is formed between the fiber-reinforced layers offset with synthetic resin wedge, the wedge of a with synthetic resin soaked or impregnated filler consists.

Es sind Schaufeln für Strömungsmaschinen, insbesondere für Strahltriebwerke, bekannt, deren Schaufeln aus mehreren faserverstärkten Laminaten bestehen. Diese weisen einen Schaufelfuss auf, der durch das Einsetzen eines oder mehrerer Keile in eine prismatische Form gebracht wird. Dabei wird zur Herstellung des Schaufelfusses in der Regel so vorgegangen, dass entweder bereits ausgehärtete Keile zwischen die schaufelbildenden Laminate eingesetzt oder zwischen den einzelnen das Schaufelblatt undThere are blades for turbo machines, in particular for jet engines, known, the blades of which are made of several fiber-reinforced Laminates are made. These have a blade root, which by inserting one or more wedges into a prismatic shape is brought. The procedure for producing the blade root is generally such that either already cured wedges inserted between the blade-forming laminates or between the individual blades and

309812/0673309812/0673

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den Schaufelfuss überdeckenden Schichten aus faserverstärkten Kunstharzen weitere, den Schaufelfuss spreizende Laminate eingelegt wurden, die nachfolgend gemeinsam oder gleichzeitig unter Druck ausgehärtet wurden.Layers of fiber-reinforced synthetic resins covering the blade root and further laminates that spread the blade root which were subsequently cured together or simultaneously under pressure.

Die erste beschriebene Methode führte dazu, dass zwischen den vorgefertigten Keilen und den das Schaufelblatt und den Schaufelfuss überdeckenden Laminaten keine innige Haftverbindung erreicht wurde, obwohl die Abstimmung der verwendeten Kunstharze zueinander Berücksichtigung fand. Dies beruht auf der Tatsache, dass zwischen den bereits ausgehärteten Werkstoffen und den sogenannten Roh-Laminaten keine chemische Reaktion stattfindet, weil die verwendeten Duroplaste durch Wiedererwärmung nicht mehr den plastischen oder flüssigen Zustand erreichen.The first method described resulted in the fact that between the prefabricated wedges and the the blade and the blade root Overlapping laminates, no intimate adhesive bond was achieved, although the synthetic resins used were coordinated with one another Was taken into account. This is due to the fact that between the already hardened materials and the so-called Raw laminates no chemical reaction takes place because the thermosets used are no longer plastic due to reheating or reach liquid state.

Unter Roh-Laminaten werden in dieser Beschreibung jene Schichten verstanden, die aus beliebigem Füllstoff mit härtbarem Kunststoff gebildet sind, wobei das Kunstharz im noch nicht ausgehärteten Zustand vorhanden ist.In this description, raw laminates are understood to mean those layers made of any filler with curable plastic are formed, the synthetic resin being present in the not yet cured state.

Bei der zweiten angegebenen Methode wird zwar eine gute chemische Reaktion und auch gute Haftfestigkeit zwischen den Laminaten erreicht, jedoch ist durch die aufwendige Art des Herstellungsverfahrens ein Hindernis gegenüber der allgemeinen Anwendung gegeben. Dies wird durch das einzelne Zurichten und Einlegen einer relativ grossen Anzahl von Laminaten begründet. Ferner ist beimIn the case of the second method given, there is a good chemical reaction and also good adhesive strength between the laminates achieved, but the complex nature of the manufacturing process is an obstacle to the general application. This is justified by the individual preparation and insertion of a relatively large number of laminates. Furthermore, the

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nachfolgenden Pressvorgang ein grosser Unsicherheitsfaktor vorhanden, da die einzelnen Schichten wegen ihrer Vielzahl nur schwer gegeneinander exakt festgehalten werden können oder dies nur mit grossen Kosten bewerkstelligt werden kann.subsequent pressing process, there is a great uncertainty factor, because the individual layers only because of their large number difficult to hold exactly against each other or this can only be done at great cost.

Es hat sich auch gezeigt, dass an den Uebergangsstellen zwischen den Keilen und den Laminaten, die das Schaufelblatt und den Schaufelf uss überdecken, Hohlräume oder Einschnürungen auftreten, die weder durch höhere Pressung noch durch Aenderung der Zusammensetzung des Kunstharzes oder des Laminates beeinflussbar waren·.-It has also been shown that at the transition points between the wedges and the laminates, the blade and the blade oss cover, cavities or constrictions occur, which are not caused either by higher pressure or by changing the composition of the synthetic resin or the laminate could be influenced

Die Aufgabe der.vorliegenden Erfindung liegt daher darin, die vorgenannten·Nachteile zu vermeiden und Abhilfe in bezug auf die verminderte Haftfähigkeit und die komplizierte Arbeitsmethode zu schaffen.The object of the present invention is therefore to provide the to avoid the above-mentioned disadvantages and remedy with regard to the reduced adhesiveness and the complicated working method to accomplish.

Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss dadurch gelöst, dass der Keil vor seiner Einbettung zwischen den mit Kunstharz getränkten und durch Füllstoffe verstärkten Schichten durch Erwärmung auf eine unterhalb der Aushärtungstemperatur des Kunstharzes liegende Temperatur bis zu einem flexiblen anpolymerisierten Zustand vorgehärtet wird und anschliessend daran zusammen mit den das Schaufelblatt und den Schaufelfuss bildenden, mit Kunstharz versetzten und durch Füllstoffe verstärkten Schichten innerhalb einer Pressform auf die Aushärtungstemperatur des Kunstharzes gebracht und unter Druck vollständig ausgehärtet wird.The object is achieved according to the invention in that the wedge before it is embedded between the layers impregnated with synthetic resin and reinforced by fillers by heating to a temperature below the curing temperature of the synthetic resin up to a flexible, partially polymerized state is pre-hardened and then mixed with synthetic resin together with those forming the blade and the blade root and layers reinforced by fillers within a mold to the curing temperature of the synthetic resin is brought and fully cured under pressure.

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Die sich ergebenden Vorteile des Herstellungsverfahrens sind in der einfachen, rationelleren Herstellung der Schaufel zu sehen, wobei eine chemische Reaktion zwischen Keilwerkstoff und Laminatwerkstoff auch bei Verwendung unterschiedlicher Kunstharze für verbesserte Haftfähigkeit sorgt. Gleichzeitig wird durch die innige Verbindung zwischen den noch plastischen Keilen undben das Schaufelblatt und den Schaufelfues bildenden Laminaten die Ausbildung von Hohlräumen ausgeschlossen und eine Kerbwirkung an den Keilspitzen herabgemindert.The resulting advantages of the manufacturing process can be seen in the simple, more efficient manufacture of the blade, a chemical reaction between the wedge material and the laminate material ensuring improved adhesion even when different synthetic resins are used. At the same time, due to the intimate connection between the still plastic wedges and the vane blade and the laminates forming the vane feet, the formation of cavities is excluded and a notch effect at the wedge tips is reduced.

Durch geeignete Auswahl des Füllstoffes des Keils können einerseits die Festigkeitseigenschaften des Fusses verbessert und andererseits auch geringere Kosten verursachende Materialien zur Füllung verwendet werden.By suitable selection of the filler of the wedge, on the one hand the strength properties of the foot are improved and, on the other hand, materials that cause lower costs can be used for filling.

Es hat sich als vorteilhaft erwiesen, die Schaufelblatt-Laminate und die Keile aus Fasern mit Epoxidharz auf der Basis eines Diglyzidyläthers von Bisphenol-A mit aromatischen Aminen als Härter herzustellen, wobei einerseits die Schaufelblatt-Laminate mit richtungsorientierten, langen Kohlenstoffasern als Füllstoff und andererseits die Keile mit kurzen- ungerichteten Glasfasern als Füllstoff ausgebildet sind. Die Erfindung wird anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Diese zeigt eine vereinfachte Darstellung einer Schaufel nach der Erfindung.It has been found advantageous to laminate the airfoil and the wedges from fibers with epoxy resin based on a Manufacture diglycidyl ethers of bisphenol-A with aromatic amines as hardeners, on the one hand the blade laminates with directional, long carbon fibers as filler and on the other hand, the wedges are designed with short, non-directional glass fibers as fillers. The invention will explained in more detail with reference to the drawing. This shows a simplified representation of a blade according to the invention.

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Die Schaufel 1 wird aus mehreren Laminaten 2 gebildet, deren Längsfasern über das Schaufelblatt 3 und den Schaufelfuss 4 reichen. Die Fasern sind dabei vorzugsweise in Richtung der Beanspruchung durch die Fliehkraft am Schaufelblatt 3 und Fuss 4 ausgerichtet.The blade 1 is formed from several laminates 2, the longitudinal fibers of which extend over the blade 3 and the blade root 4 are sufficient. The fibers are preferably in the direction of the stress caused by the centrifugal force on the blade 3 and Foot 4 aligned.

Um den Schaufelfuss 4 in einem geeigneten Schaufelschloss befestigen zu können, wurde eine prismatische Form gewählt. Dabei ist es notwendig, den Fuss 4 an der Basis 5 gegenüber dem Querschnitt 6 zu erweitern. Hierzu werden die Keile 7 zwischen die einzelnen ■ Laminatgruppen (2) eingesetzt.Fasten around the shovel foot 4 in a suitable shovel lock To be able to do so, a prismatic shape was chosen. It is necessary to place the foot 4 on the base 5 opposite the Cross section 6 to expand. For this purpose, the wedges 7 are used between the individual ■ laminate groups (2).

Das Herstellungsverfahren der oben beschriebenen Schaufel wird in Nachfolgendem näher erläutert. Die einzelnen, das Schaufelblatt 3 und den Schaufelfuss 4 bildenden Laminate 2 werden zur Formgebung des Blattes 3 und des Fusses 4 aus den Ron-Laminaten ausgeschnitten. Parallel hierzu werden aus einer durch Füllstoff und Kunstharz gebildeten Masse die Keile 7 geformt und anpolymerisiert. The method of manufacturing the blade described above is explained in more detail below. The individual, the shovel blade 3 and the laminates 2 forming the blade root 4 are used to shape the blade 3 and the root 4 from the Ron laminates cut out. At the same time, the wedges 7 are formed from a mass formed by filler and synthetic resin and polymerized.

Dabei wird in einfacher Weise derart vorgegangen, dass beispielsweise kurzfaserige oder granulatartige Füllstoffe mit aushärtbarem Kunstharz vermischt oder getränkt werden und danach diese nicht richtungsorientierte Masse durch Pressen in eine Keilform gebracht wird. Es ist darauf zu achten, dass der Spitzenwinkel des Keiles nicht zu gross gewählt wird, da dieser ein wesentlichesThe procedure here is in a simple manner such that, for example short-fiber or granular fillers with curable Synthetic resin are mixed or soaked and then this non-directional mass by pressing into a wedge shape is brought. It is important to ensure that the point angle of the wedge is not selected too large, as this is an essential one

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Kriterium zur Beeinflussung der Haftfestigkeit zwischen den Berührungsstellen der die Schaufel bildenden Laminate 2 und der Keile 7 ist.Criterion for influencing the adhesive strength between the Contact points of the laminates 2 forming the blade and the wedges 7 is.

Die Keile 7 können aber auch durch Verguss, Strangpressen oder einfaches Ausschneiden aus Platten hergestellt werden, wobei jedoch wiederum darauf zu achten ist, dass das eingelagerte Kunstharz nur in anpOjymerisiertem, flexiblen Zustand vorhandenThe wedges 7 can, however, also be produced by casting, extrusion or simply cutting out of plates, with However, it must again be ensured that the embedded synthetic resin is only present in an adapted, flexible state

Beim Einlegen der Keile 7 kann ohne nennenswerten Aufwand vorgegangen werden,, da das eingelagerte Kunstharz der Keile beim nachfolgenden. Press- und Aushärtungsvorgang in flüssigen Zustand übergeht. Dies begünstigt eine gute Verteilung des Kunstharzes zwischen den zu laminierenden Schichten, so dass eventuelle während des Einlegens aufgetretene Fehlerstellen oder Hohlräume vollkommen durch Kunstharz ausgefüllt werden. Auch überschüssiges Kunstharz kann auf diese Weise aus dem Schaufelverband gedrängt werden, so dass die Kontaktberührung zwischen den Oberflächen der Keile 7 und der Laminate 2 garantiert wird. Diese mechanische Bindung wird durch die auf einer chemischen Reaktion basierende Bindung zwischen den Kunstharzen des Keiles und der Laminate unterstützt, so dass die Festigkeit des Schaufelfusses um ein Vielfaches gegenüber dem bisher üblichen gesteigert werden kann,When inserting the wedges 7, this can be done without any significant effort become, because the embedded synthetic resin of the wedges in the subsequent. Pressing and hardening process in liquid state transforms. This favors a good distribution of the synthetic resin between the layers to be laminated, so that possible Defects or cavities that have occurred during insertion are completely filled with synthetic resin. Even excess In this way, synthetic resin can be forced out of the blade association, so that the contact contact between the surfaces the wedges 7 and the laminates 2 is guaranteed. This mechanical bond is based on a chemical reaction The bond between the synthetic resins of the wedge and the laminate is supported, so that the strength of the blade root is increased Can be increased many times over what has been customary up to now,

Ein weiterer, durch die Erfindung erreichbarer Vorteil ist darinAnother advantage achievable by the invention is therein

3ns0 12/06733ns0 12/0673

- 7 - ' * 117/71- 7 - '* 117/71

zu sehen, dass die Keile 7 einerseits mit kleineren als bisher üblichen Spitzenwinkeln hergestellt werden können und andererseits eine Ausrüstung mit verschiedenen Füllstoffen möglich ist.to see that the wedges 7 on the one hand can be made with smaller than usual point angles and on the other hand a finish with different fillers is possible.

Beide Abwandlungen beeinflussen in entscheidender Weise die Festigkeit des Schaufelfusses. So ist es beispielsweise möglich, durch die Auswahl der Faserart und des Füllfaktors einen Schaufelfuss zu schaffen, der sich durch besonders hohe Zähigkeit auszeichnet.Both modifications have a decisive influence on the strength of the blade root. For example, it is possible By selecting the type of fiber and the fill factor, creating a blade root that is particularly tough excels.

Eine andere Möglichkeit ist dadurch gegeben, dass die in einem Schaufelfuss eingesetzten Keile durch unterschiedliche Füllstoffe oder Kunstharze gebildet werden. Dabei werden in erster Linie Kunstharze ausgewählt, die bei Temperaturen, wie sie im Normalbetrieb der Strömungsmaschine auftreten, vollkommen ausgehärtet sind. Dazu eignen sich neben den bereits erwähnten Epoxidharzen auch Pheno- und Aminoplaste, aber auch Polyester-, Melamin-, Epoxydharze und Polyamide und Polyimide. Als Füllstoffe können auch lang- und kurzfaserige Glasfasern, Kohlenstofffasern, Mikrokugeln aus Kohlenstoff, Keramik und Glas, sowie Mikrohohlkugel angewendet werden.Another possibility is that the wedges used in a blade root have different fillers or synthetic resins are formed. In the process, synthetic resins are primarily selected that can be used at temperatures such as those in the Normal operation of the turbomachine occur, are completely cured. In addition to the ones already mentioned, these are suitable for this Epoxy resins also pheno- and aminoplasts, but also polyester, melamine, epoxy resins and polyamides and polyimides. As fillers can also include long and short fiber glass fibers, carbon fibers, carbon microspheres, ceramic and glass, as well Micro hollow sphere can be used.

3U9812/06733U9812 / 0673

Claims (1)

- 8 - 117/71- 8 - 117/71 PatentanspruchClaim Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Schaufel für Strömungsmaschinen, deren Schaufelblatt aus mehreren mit Kunstharz versetzten, faserverstärkten Schachten besteht, und deren Schaufelfuss durch mindestens einen zwischen den mit Kunstharz versetzten, faserverstärkten Schichten eingebetteten Keil gebildet ist, wobei der Keil aus einem mit Kunstharz getränkten oder imprägnierten Füllstoff besteht, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Keil (7) vor seiner Einbettung zwischenProcess for the production of a blade for turbo machines, the blade of which consists of several mixed with synthetic resin, fiber-reinforced manholes, and their blade root through at least one between those with synthetic resin offset, fiber-reinforced layers embedded wedge is formed, wherein the wedge is made of a synthetic resin soaked or impregnated filler, characterized in that the wedge (7) before being embedded between den mit Kunstharz getränkten und durch Füllstoffe verstärkten Schichten (2) durch Erwärmung auf eine unterhalb der Aushärtungstemperatur des Kunstharzes liegende Temperatur bis zu einem flexiblen anpolymerisxertem Zustand vorgehärtet wird, und anschliessend daran zusammen mit den das Schaufelblatt (3) und den Schaufelfuss (4) bildenden mit Kunstharz versetzten und durch Füllstoffe verstärkten Schichten (2) innerhalb einer Pressform auf die Aushärtungstemperatur des Kunstharzes gebracht und unter Druck vollständig ausgehärtet wird.the layers (2) impregnated with synthetic resin and reinforced by fillers by heating to a temperature below the curing temperature the temperature of the synthetic resin is pre-cured to a flexible, partially polymerized state, and then mixed with synthetic resin together with those forming the blade (3) and the blade root (4) and layers (2) reinforced by fillers are brought to the curing temperature of the synthetic resin within a compression mold and fully cured under pressure. Aktiengesellschaft Brown, Boveri & Cie.Public company Brown, Boveri & Cie. 309812/06 7-3309812/06 7-3
DE19712149655 1971-09-17 1971-10-05 METHOD OF MANUFACTURING A SHOVEL FOR FLOW MACHINERY Pending DE2149655A1 (en)

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CH1359771A CH536183A (en) 1971-09-17 1971-09-17 Process for the production of a blade for flow machines

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JPS58208093A (en) * 1982-05-27 1983-12-03 Tokyo Keiki Co Ltd Heat transfer ink sheet
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GB2304069B (en) * 1995-08-11 2000-03-15 Advance Enterprises Ltd A process for manufacturing, by moulding non resinous organic and inorganic compositions
FR2817192B1 (en) * 2000-11-28 2003-08-08 Snecma Moteurs ASSEMBLY FORMED BY AT LEAST ONE BLADE AND A BLADE ATTACHMENT PLATFORM FOR A TURBOMACHINE, AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF
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DE102006049818A1 (en) 2006-10-18 2008-04-24 Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co Kg Fan blade made of textile composite material
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JP5751415B2 (en) * 2011-07-13 2015-07-22 株式会社Ihi Manufacturing method of blade for gas turbine engine
CN106762813B (en) * 2017-03-31 2019-09-17 中国航发商用航空发动机有限责任公司 A kind of fan blade
JP6738850B2 (en) * 2018-03-29 2020-08-12 三菱重工業株式会社 Composite material blade and method of manufacturing composite material blade
CN110480902B (en) * 2019-08-09 2021-11-23 东莞市瑞欣美耐皿制品有限公司 Melamine utensil and preparation method thereof
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19723845A1 (en) * 1997-06-06 1998-12-10 Abb Research Ltd Polymer composite rotor blade manufacture

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FR2154050A5 (en) 1973-05-04
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JPS4838366A (en) 1973-06-06

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