DE2141489A1 - Vehicle composite body and apparatus for building the same - Google Patents

Description

DIPL.-ΙΝΘ. DR. IUR. DIPL.-ΙΝΘ.

VOLKER BUSSE DIETRICH BUSSE

45 Osnabrück, August 18, 1971

MOSERSTRASSE 2O / 24 VB / Pi

BRITISH LEYLAMD TRUCK AND BUS DIVISION LIMITED Leyland, Lancashire, England

Vehicle composite body and apparatus for building the same

The invention relates to motor vehicles and more particularly relates to the manufacture of public transport serving vehicles in composite construction.

It is already known that monoplane vehicles used as public transport in composite construction through use of joint sub-assemblies to enable the production of more than one vehicle length (Automotive Design Engineering, Dec 1965, p. 72). In this known method, the Baiuuntergruppen by welding in assembly stands to form the subframe, the side parts, the front and rear ends and the roof produced, which are then brought together in a holding device and to form a body skeleton be welded together. Then the various smaller parts, such as wheel arches etc., are attached. The body

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The body is then treated against rust and the outer ones Plates are attached by shot riveting or spot welding. The body is then coated with anti-rust agent, dried or fired and finally with an outer color

coated. After the body with the usual equipment is provided, it is placed on its chassis, i. H. lowered on front and rear axle suspensions, which already have been brought into position on the lane of the production line. Then the motor / transmission housing unit is built.

The disadvantage of this known manufacturing method is that due to the welding of the units with the sub-assemblies Subsequent repairs to the body are costly and time-consuming to carry out.

According to the invention, to build a public transport j medium-serving vehicle that has a composite structural body, the units and sub-assemblies forming the body housing riveted together.

The invention provides in detail that each one under Load standing unit or rivet securing sub-assembly accessible and where a unit or sub-assembly overlaps the first-mentioned unit or sub-assembly, in the second unit or sub-assembly an opening is formed which provides access to the rivet through the second unit or sub-assembly allows through. This arrangement enables the rivet to be removed in order to carry out repairs without the structural

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door plates must be removed.

Another feature of the invention is sets of rivet holes provided and associated rivets attached at a specified distance along the length of the body, d. H. everyone

'' The rivet set, measured in the longitudinal direction of the body, is in

j arranged at the same distance from its neighboring rental rate.

j Γ-ie the invention further provides that in the manufacture of a as a public transport vehicle in the network

Lau 'units or sub-assemblies by means of a device

anyone else who has a facility to their port switch in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle, so that arranged in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle at an even distance from one another

! Rivet sets riveted into the units or sub-assemblies ι

will.

This device preferably comprises a movable carriage which can be indexed along the unit, the sub-assemblies or the complete body housing and drills or rivet guns carries through which the units, sub-assemblies or the complete body shell are drilled or riveted can be.

The device according to the invention advantageously comprises a bridge that connects the unit to be drilled or riveted, construction sub- ^ ruppe or the complete body shell and spanned in the longitudinal direction of the unit, sub-assembly or the complete

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Body housing can be switched and drills or rivet guns carries, through which the unit, sub-assembly or .the complete body housing are drilled or riveted can, <,

, 4

According to a further feature of the invention, the device comprises an upper slide which is above the upper part of a to be drilled or riveted unit or sub-assembly runs along, and a lower slide that runs under the to unit or sub-assembly to be drilled or riveted, each of the carriages having a plurality of Bears drills or rivet guns. The lower slide is advantageously equipped with a drive motor and can be connected by retractable pins to the upper slide for driving or driving it.

The invention also provides that the two carriages are supported by two rows of upright support members, each support member carrying first and second rails along which the upper and lower carriages run, the first rails are arranged outside the second rails, and that a rigid framework for supporting the workpiece supported by uprights positioned between the first and second rails, the lower carriage having two pairs has retractable drive pin or drive pin, of which when the lower slide approaches one of the stands a pair of pegs can be retracted to release the stand

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is j while the other pair of drive journals are each the Drive or the entrainment maintains.

The framework advantageously has a drive assigned to it. device for tensioning a plurality of steel strips over the unit or sub-assembly to be drilled or riveted holding them in place during drilling and riveting operations on.

According to a further feature of the invention, the support members carry program rods which are used to control the port switching of the serve both slides along the length of the unit or sub-assembly to be drilled or riveted.

The upper slide preferably carries index pins which are inserted into openings in a rail extending next to a first rail Program rod are insertable and the upper slide at the various drilling stations along the j Bring the workpiece into position.

According to the invention, the above-mentioned drilling slides can also be duplicated by similar slides, the rivet guns through the rivets into the holes previously drilled through the drills carried by the drill carriage are insertable.

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Finally, the invention provides that the lower slide has a drive motor and retractable pins mic the upper slide for its drive or transport is connectable. Each of the drills preferably has a spring-loaded head part through which the Drilling tool itself can move out, wherein it is in the rest state within the head part that is on the workpiece brought into abutment v / earth, whereby the drilling tool for carrying out the drilling operation out of the nose.

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An embodiment of the subject invention is given below described in more detail in connection with the drawing, it shows:

Fig. 1 is a schematic exploded view of the various

different structural sub-groups and units for forming the body constructed according to the invention a vehicle used as public transport,

2 shows a partial view of a body part on an enlarged scale Scale,

ι Fig. 3 is a front view of a building of the bus

according to Fig. 1 used drilling rig,

Fig. 4. a plan view of the drive device of the lower

Sledge,

5 shows a diagrammatic representation of the control devices for the motor used to drive the lower slide,

6 shows a diagrammatic representation of the drive connection between the upper and lower slide,

7 is a plan view of the switch pin arrangement according to FIG

3 on an enlarged scale,

FIG. 8 shows a side view of FIG. 7, FIG. 9 shows a partial section of a spring-loaded nose

for a drive unit.

Fig. 1:

A monoplane vehicle used as public transport

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is essentially composed of a support frame I _5, two body side parts 2 and 3, a front end wall 4, a rear

part 5 and a roof 6 composed. The supporting or subframe 1 consists of pressed steel units that are partly welded together and partly riveted together.

The side parts 2 and 3 also consist of pressed steel units, which are assembled in a trestle and riveted together to form a sub-assembly. Forehead- and tail parts 4 and 5 and the roof 6 are constructed similarly.

During the manufacture of the vehicle, the support frame is built and then transferred to a production line. At the same Time will be the two body side parts 2 and 3 as well as the front and rear end parts 4 and 5 as sub-assemblies in assembly stands composed.

Parts 4 and 5 are then riveted to the support frame, to bring them into position, and then the two side parts 2 and 3 are also on the support frame 1 in position brought.

The support frame then runs along the production line and the front and rear parts 4 and 5 and the two side parts 2 and 3 are riveted to the support frame and to each other.

While the latter operations are being carried out, the roof is made; the finished roof is then placed on the

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The support frame, the front and rear end parts and the side parts of the vehicle are placed on the open box structure. That

j The body housing then continues along the production line, to secure the various smaller units such as wheel arches, door steps and cab in place.

The finished body housing is then primed and sprayed, the various components forming the body Units have been pretreated against corrosion before riveting to form the various subassemblies.

Fig. 2:

The units forming the vehicle body are provided with rows of openings 7 which allow the rivet holes are accessible for securing the rivets in place during assembly of the vehicle, and which further enable that the rivets can be removed with a removal tool if the vehicle needs to be repaired. With this construction there is no need to remove the internal components 8 that hold the external cladding panels 9 in place in order to gain access to get the rivets. This saves a considerable amount of time both during the construction of the vehicle and during subsequent repairs achieved.

Fig. 3 to 9:

When building sub-groups, e.g. B. the body side parts 2 and 3 and the roof structure 6, the device used consists essentially of a support on which to drill

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the units to be riveted and held firmly in place, and a movable slide on which the drill { and / or rivet guns are attached, the carriage being designed so that it spans or spans the support. crossed to put the drills and / or rivet guns in

«■

to bring successive positions along the units to be drilled and riveted. The sled is with a Means are provided for switching in the longitudinal direction of the sub-assembly, so that rows of rivet holes along the sub-assembly are formed.

A specific example of such a device is shown in FIG. This jig is for drilling the roof 6 of a bus that is either ten or eleven meters long.

The device has two rows of support parts 100 and 101 which are arranged parallel to one another and which form a rigid framework 109 ' carry on uprights 110 that support the assembly to be drilled. The support members carry an upper carriage 102 and a lower one Carriage 103. The upper carriage 102 runs on four guide wheels 104 along an outer rail 105, which is from the support parts 100 and 101 is supported. The lower chute 103 runs on four guide wheels along inner rails 107, attached to the support members 100 and 101.

Each of the carriages 102 and 103 carries a number of self-propelled provided, air operated drills 108, the so transversely

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are distributed over the sledges that it is at predetermined create holes across the roofing, designated as a whole by 111, forming panels.

The panels forming the roof structure 111 are fixed in place on the by a reverse number of metal straps 112 rigid framework 109, with the ends of the metal strips

! of the clamping devices 113 carried by the uprights 110 are connected.

The control system for the carriages 102 and 103 is designed such that the two carriages move together and move longitudinally from one end of the roof structure to the other end of the same in a series of steps, at the end of each step, the drills carried by the two carriages for drilling the roof structure in action be set. After drilling is done, rivets can be inserted into the drilled holes by hand, or the top and bottom Carriages can be duplicated by a second set of carriages fitted with rivet guns. In this training the second set of slides would follow the first to drive the rivets into the holes previously drilled by the drill slides attach.

The arrangement for driving the carriages 102 and 103 is described below in connection with Pig. ¹ J to 8 described.

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Fig. H:

The lower slide 103 is equipped with an electric motor 121, which is in drive connection with a drive axle 128 via a transmission arrangement.

The transmission arrangement consists of a flexible coupling 122, an adjustable drive unit 123, and a magnetic coupling 124, a worm gear reducer 126 and flexible Couplings 127. A magnetic brake 129 is provided to brake the lower slide.

In order to be able to drive the drive shaft 128 by hand, if necessary, a hand wheel 130 is provided over a shaft 131 and gears 132, 133 with a shaft 125 between the coupling 124 and the reduction gear 126 in drive connection.

Fig. 5:

The adjustable drive unit 123 consists specifically of one known as the "Carter" -adjustable drive unit is known, and is controlled by a lever 13 ^, which causes the motor 121 to move to the left in Fig. the lower carriage 103 in the forward direction, and in the case of enclosures to the right in FIG. 5 the carriage 103 in the opposite direction Direction to drive «, the extent * with which the lever 13 ^ after is moved left or right out of the shown neutral or start · = position, the speed decides «, iüil. which the slide 103 is driven "

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The "Carter" drive adjustment unit essentially consists from a piston which is movable in a cylinder, which has a fluid outlet connected to a hydraulic motor having. The reciprocation of the piston in the cylinder

is so controlled by a swash plate that when the Swash plate angle is zero, there is no back and forth movement of the piston and thus no drive takes place. The angle of the Swash plate is controlled by lever 134 to thereby control the Control drive.

The movement of the control lever 134 is immediate by two Servo piston 135 and 136 causes, in turn, by electromagnetically actuated valves 137 and 138 are controlled.

The piston 135 divides a cylinder 139 into a first and a first second chamber 14o or 150, and the piston 136 divides one Cylinder 151 into a third and a fourth chamber 152 and 153. The piston 135 is connected to the lever 134 by a rod 154 connected at an intermediate point along its length, while the piston 136 is connected to the slide 103 by a rod 155 is. The cylinders 139 and 151 are back to back.

The chambers 140, 150 and 152, 153 can air through lines 156 and 159 are supplied via valves 137 and 138 which are controlled by solenoids 160, 162 and 162, 163, respectively.

In the position shown in FIG. 5, the solenoids are 160 and 162 energized to move the lever 134 of the drive unit 123 in

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to maintain the neutral position. To move the lever 13 ^ The solenoid coils l6l and Io2 are in the forward position and to move it to the reverse position are the solenoids 160 and 163 excited.

The 3ewegung of the control lever 13 I ¹ is attenuated by a StoiMämpfer having a slidable in a cylinder 165 and connected by an arm 13% I66 with the free end of the lever piston 164th The piston 164 divides the cylinder into fifth and sixth chambers 167 and 168, which are connected to one another by two throttle points 169 and 170. The restriction I69 allows restricted air flow from left to right and free flow from right to left, whereas restriction 170 permits restricted air flow from right to left and free flow from left to right. The air is "obtained from a container 171".

Fig. 6:

The lower slide 103 drives the upper slide 102. However, since the uprights 110 of the rigid framework 109 between the two parallel rails 105 and 107 are arranged on which the upper and lower carriages 102 and 103 run, it is necessary to provide a drive device between the lower and upper carriage that is not interrupted when the lower carriage 103 passes the uprights 110.

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The lower slide is equipped with two pairs of retractable Mitnahmebzw. Drive pin 172, 173 or 17 ^, 175 provided for Driving .des upper slide 102 can engage in journal bearings 176 to 179 provided in the latter.

These two pairs of drive pins or drive pins can thus overturn or jump over the stationary stands 110. When approaching a stand, the front pair of drive pins is retracted and the drive or the drive from the lower to upper slide is connected to the following drive

j leave a pair of cones. After the front pair of drive

tap has passed the pair of stands, these are in turn in ι

their associated journal bearings extended in the upper slide and the following pair of drive pins is retracted to release the pair of stands.

In FIG. 6, a drive pin pair 172, _s 177 hineinerstreckender position and so the upper carriage 102 shown 173 in in the journal bearing 176 drivingly while the other drive pin pair 17 * J, is retracted 175, fixed to a pair of stand 110 to release.

The drive pins 172, 173 are connected by rods 182 and _s I83 with two pistons l80 I8I. The pistons I80, I8I can be displaced in two cylinders 18 ^ ' _S 185 lying back to back to one another.

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The cylinders 184, I85 can either be through lines 186, 187 or air ducts 188, 189 are supplied to either retract or push out drive pins 172 and 173, respectively.

The lines I86, 187 are shared by a common line 190 and lines I88, I89 from another common Line 191 fed. The lines 190, 191 are in turn 'from a collecting container 171 via a valve 192 with air fed.

The movement of the spool of the valve 192 is formed by two air control inlets 193 t 194 controlled to move it in Figure 6 is shown following three positions in one of, viz.:

a position in which the supply of air from the collecting tank 171 is cut off;

a position in which the supply of air from the collecting container 171 is connected to the line 191 and the line 190 is evacuated; and

a position in which the air is supplied from the collecting container 171 to the line 190 and the line 191 is evacuated.

Similar means are provided for moving out and retracting the second pair of drive pins 174, 175, wherein the corresponding parts for the sake of simplicity with the same Reference numerals, but with the addition of the suffix a, provided j

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When moving the carriage along the rails 105, 107 is the retraction and extension of the drive pins 172 to 175 is automatically effected by a control rod 1 ^ 1, the two sets of cams 117 and 118, which the path of movement of the carriages in both directions along the rails 105, 107 are assigned (see. Fig. 3). Microswitches 119, 120 are assigned to each of the sets of cams 117 and 118 and are operated by the cams energized to cause a supply of air to the lines 193, 194, 193a, 19 ^ a in the corresponding order, to retract and push out drive pins 172-175.

Fig. 7 and 8:

If one considers the forward movement of the two carriages 102 and between two adjacent drilling stations, one finds the following Sequence of work processes instead of:

1) the lower slide 103 is driven by hand initiated that one or more interconnected pushbuttons to energize the solenoids I61 and I62 pressed are, the pressing of the push button or buttons also causes part or. Index pins 115 are lowered by air cylinders 197, causing rollers 215 attached to the index pins 115 Program bars Ho come to the system, the two sets are booked out have openings 195 and 196;

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2) the carriages are accelerated to a steady speed;

3) a button (not shown) carried by the framework switches the magnetic coils 160 and l62 _{} in} order to interrupt the drive to the drive axis 128 and thus generate a free-wheeling of the lower slide 103,

¹ O the carriages move in the freewheeling essentially until they come to the next drilling station to rest, but when they this approach, the index pins 115 drop into the respective openings 195 or 196 to the sled for the next drilling operation in to bring their position ..

The index pins 115 and control rods 116 are described in more detail below.

In order to position the upper and lower carriages 102 and 103 exactly in relation to the structure to be drilled, program bars are used Il6 arranged with bulged openings 195a and 196b along the length of the construction outside of the outer rail 105. Index pins carried by the upper carriage 102 can be inserted into the openings 195 or 196 (depending on whether buses of 10 m or 11 m in length are to be built) are introduced to the upper slide 102 and thus through the pins 172 to 175 as well to bring the lower slide 103 into the correct position in relation to the roof structure to be drilled.

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The sets of holes 195 and 196 are for controlling drilling j of the roof of a bus ten or eleven meters long

j determined. The index pin 115 can be moved axially by an air cylinder 197 in order to press it into an opening 195 in the program rod 116. The index pin · 115 and the cylinder 197 are attached to a carrier 198 which, depending on whether a ₉ tens or Penalty roof is to be drilled, a DES alignment pin 115 with one of the rows of openings 195 or allows. This is achieved by means of an air cylinder 199 which acts on a lever 201.

To extend or retract the rod 200, the cylinder 199 is fed with air either through the line 205 or the line 206. The lines 205, 206 are connected to a valve 202 which is controlled by solenoids 203 and 204. Energizing solenoid 203 moves the valve to the position shown in which line 205 is connected to the air collection container and line 206 is connected to the outlet. Energizing solenoid 20 ¹ J moves the valve spool to the left to connect line 206 to air receiver 171 and line 205 to the outlet.

The air cylinder 197 can be controlled via a valve 2Ό7 through air control feeds 208 and 209, either through line 210 or line 211 from the sump be fed with air. Air supplied through the control line 208 causes the line 210 to be connected to the collecting container 171 and an emptying of the line 211 and thus presses the index

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pin 115 down. J supplied by the control line 209

Air connects the line 211 with the collecting container 171 and empties the line 210 and thus pushes the index pin 115 upwards. In the illustrated position 212 acts an extension of the (not shown piston) in the air cylinder 197 with an electrical contact 214 composed _s

j and if the index pin 115 is in one of the openings 195 or 196

ί falls down, the extension 212 acts with a second one

electrical contact 213 together, the part of the control current circuit to initiate the drilling process,

Fig. 9:

Each of the drilling units 108 includes a chuck 2l6, the j · holds a drilling tool 217. The chuck is surrounded by a head part 218, which consists of a sleeve 219 and an extension 220 with a smaller diameter.

The sleeve 219 is split on the main body of the drilling unit: - bar and is pressed by a compression spring 222 to the right (with reference to FIG. 9) into the position shown. The extension 220 carries a bushing 221 through which the drilling tool 217 can slide _{or the like}

When the drilling unit is stationary, the drilling tool 217 is in the position shown. After the index pins 115 have sunk into the corresponding openings 195 or 196. in order to align rush carriages 102 and 3 03 in BeEUg on the VJe-rkstück, • mr (i <sn the head part © -118 of the drilling units; '': ial zu öem ^ 'erl'vtucV.

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moved towards the extensions 220 in contact with the workpiece to bring, to clamp it and to bring the drilling unit firmly in position to this. A further axial movement of the Drill heads 218 compresses spring 222 and causes

¹ I.

the sleeve 219 translates with respect to the extension 220, causing the drilling tool to pass through the sleeve 221 slide through and drill a hole in the workpiece.

The advantage of the drilling unit shown in FIG. 9 is there in that it both clamps the workpiece in place and effects the drilling process, rather than separate drilling and having to use clamping parts.

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Claims (1)

Patent claims: 1. A vehicle serving as a public transport vehicle with a composite body, characterized in that the units and sub-assemblies M »2, 3, ^ ₃ , 5) forming the body housing are riveted to one another. (2, \ Vehicle body according to claim 1, characterized in that each rivet securing a unit or sub-assembly (9) under load is accessible and there, v / o a unit or sub-assembly covers the first-mentioned unit or sub-assembly, an opening (7) is formed in the second unit or sub-assembly (8) and allows access to the rivet through the second unit or sub-assembly. 3. Vehicle body according to claim 2, characterized in that that sets of rivet holes are provided and associated rivets at a set spacing along the length of the body are attached, d. H. each set of rivets, measured in the longitudinal direction of the body, equidistant from its neighboring set Set of rivets is arranged. 4. Device for manufacturing a vehicle body according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that for mutual riveting of the units or sub-assemblies a device (102, 103) is provided which has a device 209809/1196 2141483 for their port switching in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle to v / eist _s so that in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle evenly spaced sets of rivets are riveted into the units or sub-assemblies. 5. Apparatus according to claim k _s characterized by a movable carriage (102, 103), the along the unit ι sub-assemblies or the complete body housing can be switched and the drill or rivet gun carries through which the units, sub-assemblies or the complete body shell can be drilled or riveted. 6. Apparatus according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that! that it comprises a bridge (102) which the to be drilled or to j riveting unit, sub-assembly or the complete body]! housing spanned and ± i longitudinal direction of the unit, sub-assembly q or the complete body housing can be switched and carries drills or rivet guns through which the unit, j sub-assembly or the entire body shell can be drilled or riveted. 7. Device according to one of claims H to 6, characterized in that it has an upper slide (102) which runs along above the upper part of a unit or sub-assembly to be drilled or riveted, and a lower slide (103) below the unit or sub-assembly to be drilled or riveted, each of the carriages having a plurality of drills (108) or rivets 209809/1196 guess wears. 8. Device according to one of claims 4 to 7, characterized characterized in that the lower slide (103) has a drive motor (121) and with retractable pins (172-174) can be connected to the upper slide (102) for its drive or entrainment. 9. Device according to one of claims 4 to 7, characterized characterized in that each of the drills (108) consists of a self-feed type. 10. Device according to one of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that the two carriages (102, 103) by two! Rows of upright support members (100, 101) are supported, j with each support member carrying first and second rails (105, 107) j along which the upper and lower carriages (102,103 ί run, the first rails (105) outside the second Rails (107) are arranged, and that a rigid framework (109) for supporting the workpiece is carried by uprights (110) arranged between the first (105) and second (107) rails, the lower carriage (103 ) has two pairs of retractable driving or drive pins (172-175), of which a pair of pins (174, 175) can be retracted to release the stands (110) when the lower slide (103) approaches one of the stands (110) , while the other pair of | drive pins (172,173) each drive or drive j 209809/1196 maintains 11. Vorrlc-htung according to one of claims 4 to 10, characterized characterized in that the framework (109) has associated means (113) for tensioning a plurality of steel strips (112) above the unit or sub-assembly to be drilled or riveted (111) to hold it in place having during drilling and riveting operations. 12. Device according to one of claims 4 to 11, characterized in that the support members (100, 101) further Carrying program rods (116) which are used to control the port switching of the two carriages (102, 103) along the length of the hole to be drilled or to be riveted unit or sub-assembly. 13. Device according to one of claims 4 to 12, characterized characterized in that the upper carriage (102) carries index pins (115) 'which are located in openings (195, 196) in one next to one first rail (105) extending program rod (Il6) insertable and bring the upper slide (102) into position at the various drilling stations along the workpiece. lh. Apparatus according to any one of claims k to 13, characterized in that two sets of upper and lower slides are provided, one set of drills and the other set of riveting tools, through which rivets are drilled into the drills previously carried by the drill slides Holes are insertable. 209809/1196 ' ²⁶ ' 2UH89 15. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that that each of the drills (108) has a spring-loaded head part (218) which is brought into contact with the workpiece can be, wherein the drilling tool (217) to perform t of the drilling process moved out of the head part (218). 209809/1196 Blank page