DE2121328A1 - Charging method and charging device for natural gas or the like with temperature compensation - Google Patents

Description

ROBERT WAYIiE McJONES, 529 Via Del Monte, Paloa Yerdee Estates, California (V. St. A.)

Charging method and device for natural gas or the like. with Temperature compensation

The invention relates to the loading of gases into pressure vessels, in particular a method and a device for loading a predetermined amount of gas into pressure vessels regardless of the ambient temperature.

Great attention is paid to reducing harmful emissions from internal combustion engines. These emissions contain unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides, all of which contribute to air pollution. It has been shown that natural gas, which mainly contains methane, is extremely suitable as a fuel for internal combustion engines, since it significantly reduces the discharge of harmful emissions from these machines.

One method of storing natural gas as fuel for internal combustion engines is to store it in high-pressure containers. These containers are filled with natural gas at a relatively high pressure. From, the gas pressure decreases when gas during operation of the internal combustion engine

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is burned.

When using the pressure vessel, the design pressure not be exceeded. The pressure vessels are therefore usually equipped with safety devices. The safety devices are, for example, rupture discs, which reduce the overpressure caused by the outflow of natural gas reduce to atmospheric pressure. It is obvious that if a rupture disc breaks, the gas charge is lost.

The loading of natural gas takes place at various temperatures in the range of a few degrees below the freezing point up to over 40 ⁰ C. Natural gas is not an ideal gas, ie, its pressure is strongly temperature dependent. Therefore, a for example ata 160 is laid out at 20 ⁰ C container at a low temperature, for example -18 ⁰ C to 160 ata is charged, an extremely high pressure of about 220 ata be suspended when its temperature to +30 ⁰ C increases. Depending on the design of the container and the design of its rupture disc, the rupture disc would rupture at this pressure to discharge the contents of the container. Is Umgkehrt an ambient temperature at 40 ⁰ C to 160 ata charged container relative to the amount of gas that he could take sure if he would be charged at 20 ° C, have less gas. In the latter pail, the capacity of the container is not fully used.

The problem of utilizing the maximum capacity of a container in terms of security is not limited to Natural gas restricted. Even with ideal gases and other real gases, e.g. oxygen, nitrogen and air, exist Similar, but less temperature-dependent capacity problems. Such containers are e.g. sour

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material container for cardiac patients.

There is therefore a need for a method or apparatus that allows charging of a predetermined amount of gas allow in a pressure vessel regardless of the temperature of the pressure vessel during charging.

The invention proposes the use of a reference pressure vessel that has a predetermined amount of the Contains high pressure source gas type to be loaded into one or more storage containers. The one in thermal communication A reference pressure vessel with a charging storage container controls a between the storage container and the gas source arranged control valve. It is controlled by the gas pressure in the reference container. The gas pressure in the storage container also acts on the control valve: when the pressure in the storage container reaches a predetermined value relative to the gas pressure of the reference container, the control valve interrupts the Connection between the gas source and the storage container.

Since the reference container is in thermal communication with the storage container to be charged and the control valve controls between the gas source and the storage container, the amount of gas charged is independent of the ambient temperature. This is the case because the pressure in the reference container reflects the gas temperature in the storage container. This means that on a cold day the gas pressure in the reference container is relatively low and the Connection between the charging gas source and the storage container takes place in dependence on this low level Reference pressure. On a hot day, however, the connection between the charging gas source is shut off and the storage containers depending on a relatively higher gas flow in the reference container

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pressure. In both cases, the same amount of gas is loaded into the storage container.

_%, A specific and preferred embodiment of a valve according to the invention has a fastenable to a gas to be filled reservoir valve housing. The valve housing has a valve chamber for receiving a valve element, for example a valve piston. The connection between a gas source and the interior of the storage container is controlled by the position of the valve piston. The reference container can be arranged in the storage container. The reference container can be a gas-tight bellows or a cylinder with a piston; it has an element which is positionally dependent on an element acting on it and predetermined by the gas pressure of the reference container and the gas pressure of the storage container. The differential pressure-dependent element is coupled to the valve piston by means, e.g. a push rod, in such a way that when there is a predetermined differential pressure between the interior of the reservoir and the interior of the reference container, the push rod releases the valve piston to shut off the interior of the reservoir from the gas source . The valve piston opens when the pressure in the valve chamber drops, ie when there is a demand for gas in the storage container, regardless of the position of the push rod.

An alternative embodiment of the invention Valve has a valve housing with a valve chamber. A valve element, e.g. a valve piston, is movable placed in the chamber; it is positionally dependent on the pressure differences applied to it. The valve chamber is in pressure communication with the reference container; she allows herself to be so with one connect the filling reservoir and a gas source,

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that the valve piston between the part of the valve chamber connected to the reference container and the part of the valve chamber that can be connected to a storage container is arranged. The position of the valve piston is dependent on the gas pressure in the storage container and the gas pressure in the reference container in such a way that when the gas pressure in the Reference container is higher than the gas pressure in the reservoir to be filled ^ the valve piston connects between the gas source and the reservoir to be filled. If, however, the pressure in the storage container assumes a predetermined value relative to the pressure in the reference container, the valve piston interrupts the Connection between the filling gas source and the storage container.

The invention is ideally suited for use in natural gas suitable as fuel using vehicles. In this case, a bypass check valve can be used to the fuel line of the vehicle to be able to use as a filling line from the gas source to the storage container.

Furthermore, a method is proposed according to the invention in which the pressure of a given amount of reference gas is measured, which is in thermal communication with a ■ The storage container to be filled is in place. As in the device according to the invention, the reference gas can be contained in a reference pressure vessel. The reference gas has largely the same temperature and pressure characteristics as the gas to be loaded into the container. At the Loading gas into the reservoir, the pressure Ib reservoir and the pressure of the reference gas are measured. If there is a predetermined one between the two gases If there is a differential pressure, the charging process is interrupted.

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The invention is described below with reference to the drawings illustrated embodiments described in detail. It shows:

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the temperature-compensated charging system according to the invention when used in the fuel system of a gaseous fuel, e.g., natural gas, consuming internal combustion engine;

Pig. Figure 2 is an elevation, partially in section, of a preferred embodiment of one according to the invention Valve and a reference container according to the invention;

Figure 3 is an elevation, partially in section, of an alternative preferred embodiment of a reference container according to the invention;

Figure 4 is an elevation, partially in section, of an alternative embodiment of one in accordance with the present invention Vent iIe s;

Fig. 5 is a pressure-temperature diagram of natural gas and an ideal gas to illustrate the by the invention solved problems.

According to FIG. 1, an embodiment of a charging system 10 according to the invention has a reference pressure vessel 12. The reference container 12 is in thermal communication with storage containers 13 »14 and 15 to be charged with gas. This can be done in that the reference container 12 according to FIGS. 1 and 2 in one of the storage containers or according to FIG. 4 is arranged close to one of the storage containers. The reference container 12 contains a predetermined amount of gas with the same tea

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performance characteristics such as the gas to be loaded into the storage containers; this requirement can be met by using the same gas in the reference container as in the storage container. The amount of gas depends on the pressure to which the storage containers are to be charged. Many storage tanks for natural gas are designed for 160 ata at 20 ^° C. The amount of gas in the reference container 12 then corresponds to that amount of gas which exerts a pressure of 160 ata ^{at 20 ° C.}

The reference container 12 is connected to a valve 16 of a valve system 18. The valve 18 has a valve element represented by a flow direction arrow 20. The chamber of the valve 16 is up through a line 22 with the reference container 12 in connection. A second chamber of the valve 16 is available through an impulse line 24 with its outlet line 26 in pressure connection. The line 26 leads to the storage containers 13, 14 and 15 to be loaded.

A natural gas source 28 is above by a flow circle Lines 30, 32 and 34 are connected to valve 16. The line 34 corresponds to the inlet of the valve 16. The Line 32 is the fuel line of an internal combustion engine 36. In line 30 is between the Source 28 and the line 32, a valve 38 is arranged. The valve 38 is a prior art shut-off valve, to selectively connect the gas source 28 to the fuel line 32. The gas source 28 can be a Compressor or container supplying compressed natural gas.

According to Pig. 1, a valve 40 is used to load the reference container 12. The valve 40 is connected to the line 22.

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According to FIG. 5, the pressure of enclosed natural gases is highly temperature-dependent. For example, the pressure of the natural gas at a temperature of -28 ⁰ G (440 ° Rankine) 96 ata (1370 psi) and at a higher temperature of 65 ⁰ C (620 ⁰ R) 220 ata (3130 psi). As already mentioned, many storage containers are designed for 160 ata at 20 ^° C. This means that in normal use, the storage containers are able to withstand higher pressures associated with higher temperatures. However, this tolerance is limited; As a result, safety devices, such as safety relief valves or rupture discs, are used to reduce the internal pressure of the storage containers when it reaches, for example, 240 ata (3450 psi) ⁰ C (440 ⁰ R) have been charged to a pressure of 160 ata (2265 psi) exceeds, as shown in FIG. 5, the internal pressure of the reservoir on a day with an outside temperature of +38 ⁰ C (560 ⁰ R) the blow-off or For an ideal gas, under the same conditions, the resulting pressure would be 109 ata (2735 psi). Conversely, according to FIG +38 ⁰ C (560 ⁰ R) have been topped up, the internal pressure of the storage tanks will drop to 87 ata (1240 psi) when the outside temperature ^{falls to -18 0} O (460 ⁰ R) The latter case is in practice no safety sproblem but a problem of the filling capacity of the storage containers; the design filling capacity of the storage container is not used and as a result the gas content of the storage container would be used up faster than would be necessary.

Although the above examples represent extreme cases, these conditions could occur in practice. This case

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Games illustrate that, as already mentioned, it is essential is the pressure-temperature characteristics of one to be loaded into a reservoir at high pressure Gas to be observed.

By using the reference container according to the invention 12, the amount of gas loaded into the storage container is independent of that prevailing during the loading process Outside temperature always the same. This is the pail as the valve element 20 is dependent on controlled by the internal pressure of the reference container 12 and the pressure prevailing at the outlet of the valve 16 will. If the pressure at the outlet of the valve 16 slightly exceeds the internal pressure of the reference container 12, the valve element 20 interrupts the connection between the gas source 28 and the storage container. The closing process is thus a puncture of the internal pressure of the reference container. Since the gas in the reference container has the same properties as the gas charged into the storage container, is that in the storage container The amount of gas charged is always the same regardless of the temperature at which it is filled.

1 shows the charging system 10 according to the invention when used in the fuel system of a natural gas internal combustion engine. The storage containers 13, 14 and 15 are in thermal communication with one another in that they are normally arranged next to one another, for example in the trunk of a motor vehicle. As already mentioned, every storage container has a safety device ^! tion. The safety devices are as safety! Abblaeeventile 42, 44 and 46 of the reservoirs 13, 14 and 15 respectively. Although safety relief valves are suitable for many applications, in the force '

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vehicle operation commonly used rupture discs. The use of rupture discs is specifically illustrated in Fig. 2 described later. Each safety valve 42, 44 and 46 functionally opens when a predetermined one occurs Internal pressure in the associated storage container. The safety valves 42, 44 and 46 are through lines 48, 50 and 52 with the storage containers 13, 14 and connected. These lines are connected to a line 54 connected, which in turn is connected to the outlet line 26 of the valve 16. In lines 48, 50 and 52 shut-off valves 56, 58 and 60 are arranged to facilitate the dismantling or installation of individual reservoirs to allow without influencing the internal pressure of the other storage container.

It is favorable, in part, the fuel line of the motor vehicle to be used as a filling line for the storage containers 13, and 15, since the filler neck of the valve 38 is conveniently arranged in the engine room of the motor vehicle, while the storage containers 13, 14 and 15, as already mentioned, in the trunk of the motor vehicle are arranged. To enable this favorable arrangement, the use of a check valve is shown in FIG 62 according to FIG. 1, parallel to valve 16 is preferred. The check valve 62 allows gas flow from the storage containers through a bypass line 64 to the internal combustion engine; however, it prevents the bypassing of the valve 16 when loading the storage container.

According to Fig. 1, the line 32 leads to a first reducing station 66, the gas pressure to a predetermined Reduced value of e.g. 3.8 ata. A two position solenoid valve 68 is in fluid communication with the reducing station 66 connected in series; it is controlled by the ignition switch of the

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Motor vehicle or in the case of a dual fuel engine controlled by an on-mus switch. In any case it is during operation of the engine 36, the solenoid valve 68 is activated to allow the flow of the fuel gas. A last reducing station 70 connected in series with the solenoid valve 68 in terms of flow reduces the Gas pressure to e.g. 0 mm water column. The fuel line 32 leads from the reducing station 70 to a fuel-air mixer 72, in the gas in a given fuel-air ratio for combustion in the engine 36 is mixed with air.

Fig. 2 shows a preferred embodiment of one according to the invention Control valve 74 and a reference container 76 according to the invention. The control valve 74 is attached to a storage container 78 in such a way that the reference container 76 protrudes into it.

The valve 74 has a housing 80 with an interior chamber 82, a extending along the longitudinal axis of the valve 74 extending channel 84 directs gas through valve 74 into the interior of the reservoir 78. Into the interior A nipple 86 is screwed in at the end of the valve 74 by means of a threaded connection 88. The nipple 86 carries the reference container 76 by means of a threaded connection 90. The valve housing 80 has an internal thread 94 of a neck 92 of the storage container 78 is screwed. In the chamber 82 of the valve 74 is in A valve piston 96 is arranged displaceably in the longitudinal direction. A bias spring 98 pushes the valve piston 96 in the direction of the channel 84. A valve seat 100 arranged in a ring around the mouth of the channel 84 granulates with it an elastomeric disk 103 disposed in a recess 102 of the valve piston 96 for engagement to close the channel 84 against the chamber 82 when the valve piston 96 is in its closed position on the

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Valve seat 100 is applied.

A conduit 104 communicating with the chamber 82 extends through the wall of the housing 80 As already described, the line 104 would be used in the fuel system of a motor vehicle both as a charging line as well as serve as the fuel line of the motor vehicle. There is a Τ piece over a nipple 108 106 screwed into the valve 74. The nipple 108 connects the interior of the T-piece 106 to the channel 84. The nipple 78 is screwed into an internal thread 110 of the valve 74. One that closes one end of the T-piece 106 Rupture disc 112 serves as a safety device. A leg 114 of the T-piece 106 is used to Connection of the valve 74 and the reference container 76 to further storage containers of a storage container register. A cap 116 screwed onto the housing 80 of the valve 74 closes the chamber 82 and is used as an abutment for the spring 98.

A driver element extending coaxially through the channel 84 in the form of a push rod 120 couples the valve piston 96 to the reference container 76. The push rod 120 has a pair of guide washers 122, which with Grooves 124 is equipped to create a flow connection through the channel 84 and the nipple 86, openings 126 in the wall of the nipple 86 connect the interior of the nipple 86 with the interior of the storage container 78.

According to FIG. 2, the reference container 76 has a housing 128 with an interior 130 in which a pressure can be influenced Bellows 132 is arranged. The bellows 132 is filled with a predetermined amount of gas, which, as already mentioned by the filling of the bellows under regulated

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Temperature and pressure conditions is achieved. The bellows is sealed gas-tight and fastened to a connection piece 134 by means of a spring ring 136. A filling valve 138 for filling the bellows is also attached to the connector 134. A support plate 140, on which one end 142 of the push rod 120 rests, is attached to the head of the bellows 132.

Since the support plate 140 is positionally dependent on the pressure difference between the gas in the reservoir 78 and the Gas in the bellows 132 is dependent, it can be viewed as a transducer that keeps the valve piston 96 open via the push rod 120 until a predetermined differential pressure between the gas in the storage container and the Gae has hired in the bellows.

Fig. 3 shows a modification of the preferred embodiment of the reference container according to the invention. the end For the sake of simplicity, the associated valve is not shown; it is in accordance with the valve described above Fig. 2 is identical. This modified embodiment of the reference container 143 has a housing 144 with an inner space 146. The reference container 143 is connected to a nipple 150 by a threaded connection 148. The nipple 150 is in the same way as the nipple 86 in the valve 74 in a valve (not shown) screwed in, which is identical to valve 74. A push rod 152 identical to the push rod 120 extends moves into the interior of the reference container 143 and a piston 154 engages in order to move the reference container of the valve piston identical to the valve 74 To couple the valve. The piston 154 is dependent ▼ on a differential pressure applied to it, displaceable in the longitudinal direction in the interior 146 of the reference container 143 arranged. To fill a lower chamber 158 of the

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Interior 146 with a gas under controlled temperature and pressure conditions, the reference container 143 is equipped with a filling valve 156. The piston 154 has a pair of O-rings 160 as a seal between the lower chamber 158 and an upper chamber 16L. In The result of the friction between the O-rings 160 and the wall of the housing 144 which forms the interior 146 is the pressure dependence of the piston 154 bistable. The chamber 161 communicates with the interior of the storage container to which the reference container 143 is attached. The piston 154 acts in a similar way to the support plate 143 of the bellows 132 as a transducer and stands up engaged in the same way with its push rod.

According to FIG. 2, the bellows 132 is functional with a specified amount of gas filled. Since the interior 130 of the reference container 76 through the openings 126, the nipple 86 and the grooves 124 connected to the interior of the storage container 78, acts on the outer surface of the bellows 132, the gas pressure prevailing in the storage container 78. When the reservoir 78 is on with a gas If a predetermined pressure is to be charged, the line 104 according to FIG. 1 is connected to a gas source 28. At the beginning of the loading process, the internal pressure of the bellows 132 is greater than the internal pressure of the storage container 78, so that the bellows is in the expanded state shown in FIG. In this expanded state the support plate 140 acts on the push rod 120, which presses against the valve piston 96 in such a way that the connection between the interior of the storage container 78 and the fill line 104 is maintained by the channel 84. When the pressure in the reservoir 78 increases, the bellows 132 is compressed, whereby the Push rod 120 releases valve piston 96 so that it is pressed onto valve seat 100 by spring 98

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can and thereby the connection between the gas source and the interior of the storage container 78 interrupts. That is, under given conditions, the gas pressure of the storage container 78 and the The pretensioning force of the spring 98 is the force resulting from the internal pressure of the bellows 132 of the reference container 76 resulting force, so that the valve piston 96 closes. Under these conditions there is no further shop possible, since the valve piston 96 has closed and in this its position as a result of the action of the spring 98 and the boost pressure in chamber 82 is stable. When the valve piston 96 closes, the loading of the other Reservoir of the reservoir register also terminated because the T-piece 106 no longer connects to the filling line 104 is connected. If something has been consumed from the gas content of the storage container 78, there is a lower pressure in the chamber 82 than at the time when the valve piston 96 had closed. Consequently The piston 96 opens regardless of the position of the push rod 120. That is, the valve piston 96 acts as a simple check valve.

The function of the embodiment according to FIG. 3 is similar the above-described function of the embodiment according to FIG. 2. The internal pressure of the storage container acts in the chamber 161 on the piston 154. The pressure of the predetermined amount of gas in the chamber acts on this pressure 158 against. When the pressure in the chamber 161 together with the force of the biasing spring of the associated valve is sufficient, the static friction between the O-rings 160 and the surrounding inner wall 146 and the internal pressure To overcome chamber 158, piston 154 moves sufficiently far to allow the valve piston of the associated valve to close. The movement of the Piston by a discrete value occurs because the friction

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coefficient of the o-rings with the wall by the movement the O-rings are lowered.

Fig. 4 shows a further alternative embodiment of the control valve according to the invention and the reference container according to the invention. A reference container 162 is in thermal communication with a storage container 164 to be filled. The thermal communication 4 differs from the thermal communication of FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 in that the Reference container 162 is either in contact with the storage container to be filled, or at least is housed in the same area as the storage container. Between the reference container 162 'and a chamber 166 of a control valve 168 is a pressure connection through a line 170. In line 170 is a connection valve 172 is provided for filling the reference container with a desired gas under regulated conditions Temperature and pressure conditions around the reference container to fill with a predetermined amount of gas.

The valve 168 has a housing 174 with an interior space 175. The chamber 166 is part of the interior space 175. In the interior 175 a valve element is in the form a longitudinally displaceable valve piston 176 is arranged. The displacement of the piston 176 in the interior 175 takes place as a function of a differential pressure applied to it between the gas in the chamber 166 and the gas in a second chamber 178. A channel 180 is connected to a conduit 182 from a gas source (no shown) for loading the reservoir in connection. The piston 176 has an annular groove 184 and a diametrically arranged channel 186. The channel 186 is connected to a longitudinal channel 188 in the piston 176.

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The channel 180 is arranged relative to the groove 184 in such a way that it connects the hat 184 »the channel 186 and the channel 188 to the Filling of the storage container 164 connects via the line 182 to the gas source (not shown). The longitudinal canal 188 ends at chamber 178 and is aligned with an outlet channel 190 which communicates with a line 192 stands. The line 192 leads to the storage container 164 and is used to pull the storage container 164.

The piston 176 is equipped with annular grooves 194 for receiving O-rings 196. The O-rings prevent gas flows along the wall of interior 175 and piston 176 between groove 184 and chamber 178. In In the same way, an annular groove 198 of the piston 176 is used to receive an O-ring 200, the leaks between the chamber 166 and the annular groove 184 prevented.

A check valve 202 performs the same function like the check valve 62 of the valve system 18 shown in FIG. 1. The check valve 202 has one of one Spring 206 is pressed against a valve seat 208 valve ball 204, which is normally an interference connection between a line 210 and the channel 190 prevents. If the pressure in channel 190 is opposite to the pressure in the line 210 and the force of the spring 206 predominates, the valve ball 204 lifts from the valve seat 208, so that gas can flow from the channel 190 through the check valve into the line 210. The line 210 leads to Line 182, which also serves as a fuel line for a motor vehicle.

As already mentioned, the reference container is functional 162 according to FIG. 4 is filled with a predetermined amount of gas. When the storage container 164 is loaded, it acts the internal pressure of the reference container in chamber 166

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on the piston 176 and presses it into the position shown in FIG Position. Gas flows from the gas source through line 182 into the annular groove. 184, through the diametrical Channel 186 and longitudinal channel 188 into channel 190; it flows from channel 190 through line 192 into the reservoir 164. When the internal pressure of the reservoir increases the internal pressure of the reference container exceeds a small amount, that of The force exerted on piston 176 by the internal pressure of chamber 178 versus that of the internal pressure of the chamber 166 force exerted on piston 176. As a result, the piston 176 moves to the left in Fig. 4 to the To interrupt the connection between the gas source and the annular groove 184. The storage container is in this state 164 is filled with a predetermined amount of gas and the gas source can be disconnected from the line 182. if Gas from the reservoir 164 is consumed, the pressure of the reference container will soon be in the piston 17 6 Press the position shown in Fig. 4, i.e. the annular groove 184 is connected to the channel 180 again. Before however, when this occurs, gas can flow through check valve 202 into line 182 for consumption. After the pressure in the reservoir has dropped sufficiently that the piston 176 is back in the Is in Fig. 4 position shown, gas can both through the check valve 202 and through the The longitudinal channel 188, the diametrical channel 186, and the annular groove 184 flow into the line 182.

Further modifications of the preferred embodiments of the invention are possible.

The invention consists essentially in the following: a control valve controls the connection between a Pressurized gas source and storage containers to be filled with gas.

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The control valve is in turn in thermal communication with the storage container to be filled by the gas pressure standing reference container controlled. The reference container contains one at a predetermined temperature and the amount of gas filled in at a predetermined pressure. The control valve is controlled by the internal pressure of the reference container and the internal pressure of the supply container to be filled is controlled such that when a predetermined Differential pressure between the two containers exists, the control valve connects the gas source and interrupts the storage containers.

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Claims (24)

Expectations il. 'A method for loading a predetermined amount of gas into ^ - ^ a storage container independent of the container temperature, characterized in that the pressure of a given enclosed reference gas amount with largely the same temperature-pressure characteristics as those in the storage container (13, 14, 15; 73; 164) the amount of gas to be charged is measured; that the gas is loaded into the storage container (13, ...) while the reference gas is in thermal communication with the storage container (13, ...); that the pressure of the gas in the storage container (13, ....) is measured; and that the loading process of the gas into the storage container (13, ...) is ended when a predetermined differential pressure has been established between the gas in the storage container and the reference gas. 2. 'Temperature compensated charging device for performing the method according to claim 1, characterized by a reference container (12; 76; 143; 162), which thermally corresponds to a gas with largely the same temperature-pressure characteristics like the gas in the reference container to be charged storage container (13, 14, 15; 78; 164) in thermal communication stands; by means (20, 132, 140, 154, 176) for measuring the gas pressure in the reference container (12; 76; 143; 162); by means (20; 132, 140; 154; 176) for measuring the gas pressure in the storage container (13, 14, 15;? 8; 164) r by valve devices (16; 74; 168) for selectively connecting a high pressure gas source (28) to the gate container (13, ... ")» and by both pressure measuring devices 109847/1? 92 - (20, ...) controllable devices (22, 24; 120; 152; 170, 192) for opening the valve devices (16; 74; 168) and for connecting the high pressure gas source (28) to the interior of the storage container (13, · ..) until the pressure in the reservoir relative to the pressure in the reference container (12, ...) has assumed a predetermined value at which the valve device (16; 76; 168) of the controllable devices (22, ...) interrupts the connection between the storage container (13, ...) and the high pressure gas source (28) is released. 3. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that that the valve means (16; 74; 168) a housing (80; 174) with a chamber (82; 175), a first channel (34; 104; 180) leading into the chamber (82; 175) for feeding in gas from the high pressure source (28) into the chamber (82; 175), and a second channel (26; 84; 190) for discharging gas from the chamber (82; 175) into the storage container (13, ...); and that a valve element (20; 96; 176) for opening and closing the second channel (26; 84; 190) on the Chamber (82; 175) between an open and a closed position is movably arranged in the chamber (82; 175); and that the institutions that can be influenced (22, ...) so coupled to the valve element (20; 96; 176) and the reference container (12; 76; 162) are that the valve element (20; 96; 176) remains open until the predetermined value is reached is. 4. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that the influenceable devices (22, ...) a push rod (120; 152) arranged between the valve element (96) and the reference container (76; 143) 109847/1292 own; that the reference container (76; 143) with a position according to the supply container pressure and from Reference container pressure dependent element (132, 140; 154) is equipped; and that the positionally pressure-dependent element (132, 140; 154) with the push rod (120; 152) and the push rod is coupled to the valve element (96) to the valve element (96) in its open position until the specified value is reached. 5. Device according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the valve devices (74) with Equipped with biasing means (98) for biasing the valve element (96) into its closed position are; and that the predetermined value of the force of the biasing means (96), the reservoir pressure and the reference tank pressure. 6. Device according to one of claims 4 or 5, characterized in that the positionally pressure-dependent Element (132, 140; 154) is a gastight EaIg (132); and that the bellows (132) for receiving the specified reference gas quantity is suitable. 7. Device according to one of claims 4 or 5, characterized in that the reference container (143) a housing (144) having an interior (146); that the pressure-dependent element (132, 140; 154) is a movably in the interior (146) of the housing (144) arranged piston (154) which the Interior space (144) divided into a first chamber (161) and a second chamber (166); that the first chamber (161) is pressurized to the reservoir (78); and that the second chamber (166) for receiving the specified reference gas quantity is suitable. 109847/1292 8. Device according to one of claims 4 to 7, characterized by means (160) which when reaching of the specified value a discrete movement step of the position-wise pressure-dependent EIe-. mentes (140; 154). 9. Apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that the devices (160) for achieving a discrete Moving step of at least one in frictional engagement between the piston (154) and one the inner space (146) delimiting wall of the reference container housing (144) arranged O-ring exist. 10.Vorrichtung according to claim 3, characterized in that that the pressure-influenced devices (22, ...) devices (170) for the pressure-related connection of the Reference container (162) with the chamber (175) have the valve element (176) in its open position to press; and that the pressure-influenceable devices (22, ...) devices (192) for pressure-wise Connection of the reservoir (164) with the chamber (175) have the valve element (176) in to press its closed position. 11.Vorrichtung according to claim 10, characterized in that that the devices (192) for pressure connection of the storage container (I64) with the chamber (175) contain the second channel (190). 12.Vorrichtung according to any one of claims 3 to 11 characterized by a check valve arranged between the first channel (34; 180) and the second channel (26; 190) (62; 202) for releasing a gas flow from the second channel (26; 190) into the first channel (34; 180) bypassing the chamber (175) when the 109847/1292 Pressure in the second channel (26; 190) exceeds the pressure in the first channel (34; 180). 13. To fill a storage container with a predetermined amount of gas regardless of the temperature of the storage container Applicable device according to one of Claims 2 to 12, characterized by a valve (16; 74; 168) with an open position for selective Release of the gas supply into the storage container (13, 14, 15; 78; 164) and for selective discharge of gas from the storage container (13, ...) and with a closed position to interrupt the gas supply in the storage container (13,...); by one for receiving a predetermined pressurized Gas quantity suitable and in thermal communication with the storage container (13, ...) standing Reference container (12; 76; 143; 162); by means (20; 132, 140; 154; 176) for measuring the gas pressure in the storage container (13, ···) relative to the gas pressure of the reference container (12; ...); and through from the pressure measuring devices (20; ...) controllable devices (22, 24; 120; 152; 170, 192) for keeping open of the valve (16; 74; 168) to between the gas pressure of the storage container (13, ...) and the gas pressure of the reference container (12, ...) there is a predetermined pressure difference. 14. The device according to claim 13, characterized in that the valve (16; 74; 168) has a valve element (20? 96; 176) with an open and a closed position to open and close the valve (16; 74; 168) owns; that the pressure measuring devices (20; 132, 140; 154; 176) from the reservoir pressure and the reference container pressure can be influenced and at the predetermined pressure difference in a predetermined 109847/129 ?. Standing position; and that the devices (22, ...) which can be influenced in terms of pressure are between the valve element (20; 96; 176) and the pressure measuring devices (20, ...) arranged devices for keeping the valve element (20; 96; 196) open until the specified Pressure difference exists, own. 15. Device according to one of claims 13 or 14, characterized in that the valve (74) has a housing (80) with a chamber (82), a first channel (104) leading into the chamber (82) for feeding in Gas into the chamber (82) and a second channel (84) leading into the chamber (82) for discharging gas from the chamber (82) into the reservoir (78) and for discharging gas from the reservoir (78) into the chamber (82) has; that the valve element (96) to open and close the second channel (84) of the chamber (82) between an open and a closed position movably arranged in the chamber (82) is; and that the valve element (96) holds the second channel (84) open when the pressure in the reservoir (78) exceeds the pressure in chamber (82). 16. Device according to one of claims 13 to 15, characterized in that the reference container (143) has a housing (144) with an interior (146); that the pressure measuring devices (132, 140; 154) have a piston (154) which is arranged in the interior (146) of the housing (144) and divides the interior (146) into a first and a second chamber (161; 166); that the first chamber (161) is pressure-connected to the storage container (78); that the second chamber (166) is suitable for receiving the predetermined amount of gas; and that the devices (22, ...) which can be influenced by pressure are influenced by one of the piston (154) 109847/1292 ble push rod (152), which is coupled to the valve element (96) to the valve element (9b) to be kept open until the specified pressure difference is reached. 17. Device according to one of claims 13 to 15 characterized marked that the pressure equipment (132, 14-0; 154) from one for receiving the specified reference gas quantity suitable, gas-tight bellows (132) consist; and that the devices which can be influenced in terms of pressure (22, ...) consist of a push rod (120) which can be influenced in terms of position by the bellows (132), which is coupled to the valve element (96) to hold the valve element (96) open until the ' predetermined pressure difference exists. 18. Device according to one of claims 13 or 14 thereby characterized in that the valve (168) has a housing (174) with an interior (175), a first into the interior (175) leading channel (180) for supplying gas into the interior (175)> a second channel (190) leading into the interior space (175) for discharging gas from the interior space (175); that one between an open and a closed position moveable valve element (176) is arranged in the interior space (175); that facilities (184, 186, 188) connect the first channel (180) and the second channel (190) to one another only when the valve element (176) is in its closed position; and that the pressure measuring devices (22, ...) the valve element (176), devices (170) for pressure-wise connection of the reference container (126) with the interior (175) for biasing the valve element (176) in its open position and means (192) for pressure-related connection of the storage container (164) with the interior (175) for pretensioning the valve 109847/1292 Include element (176) in its closed position. 19. The device according to claim 18, characterized by Devices (202) for forming a gas flow path from the storage container (164) to a consumer, when the gas pressure in the storage container (164) exceeds the pressure at the consumer by a predetermined value. 20. To set a predetermined amount of gas in a pressurized storage container during the Charging device according to any one of claims 2 to 19 which can be used independently of the temperature by a valve (74) suitable for attachment to the storage container (78) with an open position for the passage of gas into and out of the storage container (78) and an open position for interruption the gas passage inu. from the reservoir (78); by one for arrangement in the storage container (78) and for receiving a predetermined one under pressure Gas quantity suitable reference container (76; 143); by means (132, 140; 154) for measuring the Gas pressure in the storage container (78) relative to the gas pressure in the reference container (76; 143); and through from the pressure measuring devices (132, 140; 154) controllable devices (120; 152) for holding the valve (74) in its open position until between the gas in the storage container (78) and the gas in the reference container (76; 143) there is a predetermined differential pressure and to close the valve (74) when the predetermined Differential pressure exists. 21. The device according to claim 20, characterized by a gas outlet from the storage container (78) to one 109847/1292 Consumers under the condition that the gas pressure at the consumer is lower by a specified value as devices (96, 98) releasing the gas pressure in the storage container (78). 22. The device according to claim 21, characterized in that that the valve (74) has a housing (80) with an interior (82), a first leading into the interior (82) Channel (104) for feeding gas into the interior (82), and a second one leading into the interior (82) Has channel (84) for gas passage into and out of the interior space (82); that in the interior space (82) a valve element (96) with an open and a closed position for opening and closing the second channel (84) is arranged on the interior (82); that the valve element (96) opens the second channel depending on the pressure, when the pressure in the second channel (84) exceeds the pressure in the interior (82) by a predetermined value; that the valve element (96) belongs to the devices (96, 98) which allow the gas to escape from the storage container (78) share to a consumer; that the pressure measuring devices (132, 140; 154) a positionally a differential pressure between the gas in the storage container (78) and the gas in the reference container (76; 143) have dependent elements (140; 154); and that the influenceable devices (120; 152) consist of a push rod which can be influenced by the position of the pressure measuring element (140, 154), which with the valve element (96) to keep the valve element (96) open until the specified differential pressure is reached has set, is coupled. 23. The device according to claim 22, characterized by the valve element (96) in its closed position pressing Pretensioners (98). 109847/1792 24. The device according to claim 23, characterized by an outlet channel connected to the second channel (84) (108, 114) for loading at least one additional storage container. 109847/1? 92