DE2120506A1 - Method and device for the separation of gaseous and liquid substances - Google Patents

Description

April 21, 1971 IG / ho

QUEEN'S UNIVERSITY AT KINGSTON
Kingston, Ontario, Canada

Process and device for the separation of gaseous or liquid substances.

The invention relates to a method and a device for the fractional, centrifugal separation of gases or liquids from mixtures.

It is known, a centrifugal separation of liquid substances by centrifugal forces occurring in the liquid to accomplish, so that this causes a distribution dependent on the density of the substance. Here the liquid flow in the form of a free vortex, although there is a shear between adjacent layers and the energy content is constant for all radii, or a forced vortex like in a centrifuge is used, whereby there is no shear between adjacent layers, or a mixture of these conditions is used. In one Forced vortices, the speed of a small volume of liquid can be specified as follows:

V = k r,

where the associated condition is mathematically determined in a free vortex as follows:

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V = k
r

An average state can be expressed by the following relation will:

V = k τ ^η , where for η

the following applies: -1 <η < 1,

where a vortex with a value of η outside this condition would not remain stable.

The invention is based on the problem of "a method or to specify a device in which a forced vortex at an axial speed or an axial speed component is operated. It is difficult in itself to maintain this state, since unstable states result in the formation of the vortex, with the exception of highly viscous ones Slurries in which the highly viscous state Able to dampen relative movements in the liquid. The unstable states are attributed to it it is difficult to obtain axial movement without simultaneous radial movement, the radial moving liquid retains its kinetic energy and therefore changes the tangential velocity.

The invention is also based on the object of a new device indicate to maintain the flow of liquid in which a liquid distribution is achieved that comes very close to that of a theoretical, ideal vortex, even in liquids of low density. the The following designation forced vortex refers to a vortex which essentially corresponds to the theoretical values of a forced vortex achieved. However, such a forced vortex is desirable and advantageous because it separates due to the lack of shear

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between adjacent layers is achieved. On the other hand, delayed a shear attacking liquid particles prevents the separation, especially with a high surface area ratio to measure

In the following, the term liquid is also used to describe solid bodies, mixtures of these with liquids and / or gases and the like. also understood if such Mixtures have the properties of a liquid; this also includes gases in the following, insofar as they are not express reference is made to gases

According to one embodiment of the invention it is proposed To use a forced vortex, which is set in rotation between two synchronously in an annular space serving for separation cylindrical surfaces to separate heavy and light liquid fractions.

According to a further embodiment of the invention is a A method or a device is provided which or which a gradual supply of kinetic energy to the inflowing Liquid causes which is divided into separate streams by such an arrangement, so that all Partial flows arrive at the separating annular space with the associated kinetic energy This is preferably achieved by that one forces the liquid to flow between coaxial conical surfaces, which by means of tongue-like Elements or sheets are divided into pockets.

Furthermore, it is proposed according to the invention to recover the kinetic energy supplied to the liquid after this has passed the separating annulus This has particular advantages when separating fine materials, which require a high rotation speed.

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It should be noted here that when you consider the Energy does not recover, it would be uneconomical to carry out the associated separation.

In the device according to the invention, a stationary outer casing assumed that the rotating Device accommodates · This device contains an annular separation zone · A first set of deflectors or · fins is present and increases the centrifugal force liquid to be separated or the like in order to separate them in such a way that it forms a forced vortex in the annular separation zone) and pushes the denser material outwards. This forced vortex is combined with a constant axial speed. A second set of baffles or the like. is driven by the liquid itself leaving the separation zone and serves to recover energy from the liquid. The first and second sets of deflectors are attached to a common shaft, so that only enough power needs to be supplied to the different Overcoming friction losses. The separated substance can be discharged by allowing its accumulation in the separation zone and the process is periodically interrupted, i.e. in batch mode or by decanting. Deviating from this

_{k can} collect openings on the outer rim of the ring zone for the '

Decrease in the denser fabric can be provided.

An embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawing and is described in more detail below. Show it:

Fig. T is a side view, in section, of an embodiment the separator, which is suitable for batch operation,

Fig. 2 is a side view, in section, of a second embodiment of the separator, which is suitable for continuous working method is suitable,

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3 is a side view, in section, of a third embodiment of the separator which is used for the Separation of gases is suitable and

FIG. K partial sectional views of modified ones

Embodiments of the manifold shown in FIG. 1.

The device shown in cross section in Figure 1 is used for Separation of substances using the forced vortex principle is used. The device has an outer housing with an outer cylinder 3o, which is firmly attached to the upper and lower, frustoconical executed sections 31 and 32 is attached, which in turn are connected to camps 33 and 3 ^. To the. Vortex chambers 35 and 36 serving the inlet and the outlet are arranged in such a way that they are connected to the cover or base area this housing are each connected. The upper end wall of the vortex chamber 35 carries a vent tube 39. A second Bearing 37 is located above the vortex chamber 35Di © suitable) Support parts not shown in FIG. 1 are present in this stationary system.

Inside the outer housing there is a rotating kit at a short distance from the inner walls of the housing. The kit has an inner cylinder 1o which is fixedly or integrally attached at each end to the hollow cones 11 and 12 provided with guide parts. The cones 11 and 11 terminate in cylinder sections 13 and Ik , which have a plurality of openings 23 and 25 passing through these sections. Preferably, there are six symmetrically arranged openings in each of the cylindrical sections 13 and 1h. A support tube I7 is arranged along the common axis of inner cylinder 1o and cones 11 and 12. The support tube 17 is attached to the fixed hubs 28 and 29 of the cones 11 and 12.

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The hubs are bevelled at their ends »so that there is an annular passage from top to bottom through the kit · The six holes in each of the sections 13 and Ik establish the connection between the respective vortex chamber and this annular passage. A set of baffles 20 and 21, respectively, are attached between the fixed, centrally located cores or hubs and the outer surfaces of the cones 11 and 12. According to a preferred embodiment, twelve baffles are used, six baffles extending substantially concurrently with the associated conical section or cone and forming vein-shaped pockets which are in communication with the six openings of the cylinder sections 13 and 14. This group of baffles alternates with six shorter baffles that subdivide these pockets to form twelve passageways. The kit is axially supported so that it rotates about an axis which is aligned with the housing axis for two shafts 15 »16 which are attached to the beveled ends of the central hubs 28 and 29, for example by welding or another suitable method. The shaft 15 is supported on the upper bearing 18, the shaft 16 on a lower, plate-shaped bearing 19. The bearing 18 is both a rotary bearing and a thrust bearing and supports the shaft 15 in the radial direction, so that the shaft 15 can be connected to a drive pulley. If the lower bearing 19 is also suitable for absorbing radial as well as axial thrust, its main task is to provide stable support for the end of the shaft 16. The shank 16 is responsible for the important task of forming the central axis of the chamber 36, to prevent the formation of a cavity or a gas core, which would lead to unstable operation of i Preferably, the upper bearing 18 a mounted with spherical bodies bearings, such as ball bearings, of the lower bearing a water-lubricated nylon plate at the point of penetration of the shaft 15 through the upper end wall of the swirl chamber 35

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a seal 71 is provided. Through the external surfaces the cylinder sections 13 and 14 are large-diameter bearings created, which with associated bearing surfaces 26, 27 are in contact, the elastic sleeves are which through Press fit can be used in the housing. These housings are formed by the bearings 33 or # ». These sleeve-shaped bearings have passages for the injection of water and abut against small pack-shaped seals, which the Retain abrasion caused by bearing wear but loose enough to allow water to pass through Allow lubrication purposes. In this way, the bearing surfaces 26 and 27 form a radial support for the rotating kit.

This device works as follows: The shaft 15 is set in rotation by a suitable energy source (not shown), such as an electric motor. With the material particles to be separated, such as a fine sedimentation liquid or the like. is fed to the swirl chamber 35. The gases separated from the liquid, if any, leave the device through the vent tube 39.The liquid, which is now subject to a centrifugal force, in which the pressure drops accordingly, flows downward through the openings 23 in the cylinder section 13 of the rotating assembly. An additional centrifugal moment is impressed on the liquid by the baffles 2o, so that the liquid rotates at the same angular velocity as the inner and outer walls of the annular separating chamber 24: this creates forced vortices. It is an important property of the forced vortex that there should be no relative movement between different liquid particles; the baffle set is arranged in such a way that kinetic energy is given to the inflowing substance one after the other, in such a way that each liquid part arrives in the separation chamber 2k with a kinetic energy corresponding to its radius. From

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The fluid flowing out of the vortex chamber 35 reaches the outside between the inner * surface of the cone 11 and the outer surface of the conical part on the hub 28. This flow is already at the beginning divided into six zones by the longer blades or vein-shaped sheets 2o and then by the six shorter ones Sheets in twelve zones, so that the liquid runs in channels arranged in a fan shape According to the invention, it is important that the forced vortex receives an axial speed component so that when it flows into the separation chamber 2h the heavier substance migrates in the direction of the outer wall and is retained there while the lighter material is drawn off through the channel 25 and the outer vortex chamber 36. The continuous working movement of the liquid leads to the outflow through the openings 25 in the cylinder section \ h into the swirl chamber 36.The centrifugal moment stored in the liquid is transferred to the baffles 21 and further reduced in the swirl chamber 36, and thus converted into a pressure value at the outlet pipe 38 . Since the baffles 21 extract energy from the liquid, the power supplied to the shaft 15 need only overcome the energy consumed within the device.

The substance of the solid body remains on the surface "of the cylinder 1o while the device is working. A sliding downward is prevented by friction caused by the relatively high reaction force between this wall and the Material. When the operation of the device is stopped, the solids slide downwards and are over the discharge chamber removed. Therefore, the device works in batches. This is particularly suitable for the clarification of liquids that have a small solid content, so that large amounts of liquid flow during the set periods with only a small amount Energy consumption so can be edited.

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A preferred shape of the hubs 28 and 29 is a bulge to force the liquid off the central axis in a portion of its downward path · This has been found to be advantageous in order to achieve a uniformity as possible to achieve axial speed for all radius distances in the separation zone. In order to include the liquid ' To prevent gases from exiting under the bulge, channels 22 are provided in the hub 28. Preferably be the channels 22 are formed by a pair of slots which have a symmetrical position on opposite sides of the bulge to have. According to the invention, it is important that the distributor on Input and output ends, formed by the cones 11 and 12 and their associated baffles or vanes, blades or the like, an equal distribution of the axial speed form this liquid, so that relative, inward and outward directed liquid moments are prevented.

The effect of the distribution devices, which give the liquid an additional centrifugal moment, leads to a radial liquid distribution, which leads to the shape of a liquid szirkula tion in the pockets formed by the baffles, wings and the like. Depending on the viscosity of the liquid in the device, the turbulence of the circular motion in the liquid formed in each baffle pocket must not be completely attenuated before the liquid enters the separation chamber 2k . According to one embodiment, this undesirable liquid movement is avoided in that a smaller number of baffles or the like. 2o is provided, which leads to smaller deflection pockets and therefore to smaller, faster decaying eddy currents. Optionally, a perforated plate 72 may be provided at the outlet end of the repair zone manifold as shown in Figure k . According to another embodiment shown in FIG. 5, deflection pockets are provided,

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-Ιο-

containing a packing 73 of friction material, which by suitable Components such as a sieve or the like. , are recorded, scr that the liquid is forced to follow the rotation of the walls. The structural designs shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 have, depending on the individual case, the possible disadvantage that with large particles in the liquid an additional Component for removing such particles would be required before the liquid is fed to the actual separation device will.

Fig. 2 shows a modification of the invention when a continuous Separation of the sediments is required. A fixed outer housing is replaced by a tubular third Cylinder 6o formed, which is fixedly or integrally attached to third cones 61 and 62. Upper and lower, third bearings 63 and 64 are at the end parts of the conical portions educated. A third swirl chamber 65 with an inlet pipe 68 is provided at the inlet, with a ventilation device 58 is attached above the third bearing 63, while another vortex chamber 66 is attached with an outlet pipe 69 below the third bearing 64. They are not shown suitable support parts are available on the outer housing. The third cylinder 60 is provided with an exhaust port or nozzle 59

* Mistake.

The rotating kit forms a perforated fourth cylinder 4o, which is fixed or in one piece with fourth cones 41 and 42, which in turn carry vein-shaped deflectors or wings, connected is. Another tubular support part 4-7 is with connected to the hubs of the fourth cones 41 and 42, which terminate in second shafts 45 and 46. There are more sets of Deflectors, blades or the like. 50 and 5I between the hubs and the outer parts of the cones 41 and 42, respectively,

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The second shaft k $ is supported on a fourth bearing ^ 8, which is carried by a fifth bearing 67 and in a second pulley or the like. 52 expires, which is connected to a drive part. The second shaft k6 is supported on a bearing plate k9 onto which water can be sprayed. Additional bearings are formed by cylindrical ends 43 and kk of the cones k ″ and k2 , which are connected to the water-lubricated bearing surfaces 56 and 57 in the respective outer housing sections 63 and 6k.

The operation of the device according to FIG. 2 is similar to that according to FIG. 1. The liquid with the particles to be separated is fed to the other vortex chamber 65 via the inlet pipe 68. A centrifugal force is impressed on the liquid and it runs downwards through the annular channel 53. Then the liquid takes an additional centrifugal force on the part of the baffles or the like. 5 ° and moves slowly into the annular chamber formed between the perforated fourth cylinder ko and a support member kj . The heavier constituents of the material pass through the perforations in the cylinder ko to the outside into another annular chamber 7o, which is formed between the rotating kit and the stationary housing, and can be drained from there via the opening 59. The lighter components pass down the baffles into the channel 55 and from here into the other vortex chamber 66 and on via the pipe to the outlet. When the baffles 51 are passed over, energy is withdrawn from the liquid, so that the drive force to be supplied to the pulley 52 is reduced. The ventilation device 58 in the upper housing part of the vortex chamber 65 allows the gas separating from the liquid to escape. As explained so far with reference to FIG. 1, Koenen in the hub of the cone small passages to be formed to escape under the bulge accumulating gas

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allow·

Chamber 7o is operated under pressure while the flow of sediments is regulated by throttling the outflow through opening 59 . In this embodiment there is an increased friction loss, since a shear zone is formed between the rotating fourth cylinder 4o and the almost stationary sediment in the chamber 7o. The distance between the conical parts and the rotating and stationary components can, however, be kept as small as possible in order to prevent the flow of sediment to the bearings.

The embodiment according to FIG. 3 is particularly suitable for separating gases of different densities. Another outer housing 8o has a cylindrical shape and is provided with support parts (not shown). There is a gas outlet pipe 81 at the lower part of the housing 8o, while bearings 82 and 83 are provided in the upper and lower parts of the housing, respectively. A rotating hollow assembly is formed by four shell 84 having inwardly directed deflector sets 85 and 86 which terminate at a closed inner surface 96. During rotation, the shell 84 is supported by a thrust bearing 9o provided in the lower extension of the housing 80. Shell 84 is provided with upper and lower tubular cylinder sections 91 and 92 which cooperate with bearings 93 and 9k which are fixed in respective bearing sections 82 and 83, respectively. A drive pulley is attached to the shell 84 and the cylinder portion 9I around. The jacket 84 is provided with a re-entry section 87 which forms an annular plenum 88 with an exit opening 89. This type of construction forms a stationary collecting chamber 79 between the outer housing 80 and the rotatable jacket 84.

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This device works as follows: From a stationary pipe 76 gas flows downwards into the cylindrical section 91 »spreads from here outwards away from the axis, hits the surface 96 and receives a centripetal velocity from the deflector plates 85 which is approximately equal to that of the rotating one Mantle is 8h . When gas enters the separation zone, the heavier gas is dragged to the outer wall and enters the section 88 provided for re-entry and from there out via the opening 89. The lighter gas remains near the axis of the kit and carries out via the cylindrical section 92. The opening 89 is much smaller than the opening 81. As a result, a relatively low pressure is maintained in the stationary plenum chamber 79 and the bearings 93 and 91 are protected.

According to the invention, a device for separating Liquids or the like. created by centrifugal or vortex action with an annular zone between two rotating cylinders Surfaces which form a separation zone into which liquid is fed, in which an annular space forming separation zone at the same time an axial movement component is achieved. The centrifugal acceleration leads to a distribution of the substance to be separated, with the denser particles migrating further away from the axis. Further the device is designed and / or arranged so that a large part of the liquid supplied energy to the forced vortex to form, is then recovered when the liquid leaves the device, so that large Liquid volumes can be processed with low operating power.

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Claims (1)

ft April 21, 1971 IG / ho QUEEN ¹ S UNIVERSITY AT KINGSTON
Kingston, Ontario, Canada Claims 1 · Method for the fractional, centrifugal separation of Mixtures in liquids, gases and / or slurries in at least one annular separation zone, characterized in that the inflowing liquid in Rotation is offset and the two cylindrical walls of the separating zone receiving the inflowing liquid synchronously are set in rotation at the same speed, in such a way that a liquid circulation in the separation zone in Form of a forced vortex is formed and the separation of the components of the mixture takes place and that thereby the liquid an axially directed speed component is impressed. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the removal of the separated fractions of the liquid or the like. takes place at the other end of the separation zone. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that for the supply of the liquid to the separation zone, the liquid is first guided radially outwards, then the liquid flow is divided into a plurality of independent liquid flows, then each of these liquid flows kinetic energy in the form of rotational energy is supplied and then the individual currents in the 1098A8 / 171 1 Separation zone are combined in such a way that the centrifugal speeds of the adjacent, recombined liquid parts are essentially the same and a forced one Vortex is formed. k. Method according to Claim 3 »characterized in that the liquid is guided radially outwards or inwards via coaxial conical surfaces. 5. The method according to claim k, characterized in that the subdivided liquid flow is guided over blades, vanes or shovel-shaped surfaces between the coaxial conical surfaces and a synchronous rotation of the kit with the cylinder surfaces is maintained. 6. The method according to claim 5 »characterized in that the subdivided liquid flows are exposed to friction will. 7. The method according to claim 5 »characterized in that each of the divided liquid flows through a perforated plate-shaped surface during the rotation of this surface is performed with the conical surfaces immediately before this liquid flow opens into the separation zone. 8. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that at least part of the energy causing the fluid to circulate during the subsequent separation of the Fractions is recovered. 9.AIs centrifuge-designed device for execution of the method according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that it sounds a first set of sounds * -, wing- or helical baffles or the like. (2o.) J has, which give the liquid a centrifugal moment, and which 109848/1711 The device also has a separating chamber in the form of an annular space {2k) , which is formed between a synchronously rotating inner and outer cylinder and communicates with the first chamber of the deflector plates, that in another chamber connected to this annular space {2k) , a second chamber There is a set of such baffles or the like (21) which absorb the energy of the rotating liquid and that the first set of baffles (2o) is mechanically connected to the second set of baffles (21). ^ 1o. Device according to claim 9 »characterized in that it has a first vortex chamber (35) serving as an inlet, which is connected to the first set of baffles (2o) receiving chamber is in communication, and that a second, serving as an outlet vortex chamber (36) is present and with the, chamber receiving the second set of baffles (21) communicates. 11. The device according to claim 9 »characterized in that the outer cylinder is perforated and that its stationary Outer housing is provided for receiving the separated denser substance. f 12. The device according to claim 9 »characterized in that the outer cylinder has a section for the re-entry for the purpose of separating the dense gases. 13. The device according to claim 9 »characterized in that the first and second set of deflectors (2o and 21 respectively) synchronous with the inner (17) and the outer cylinder (io) in Rotation is displaceable. 14. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that the deflection plates have a plurality of radially offset guide 109848/1711 components such as blades or the like, which subdivide at least part of the separating chamber (24) and furthermore components such as rotatably mounted shafts (15, 16 ) to synchronize this chamber (2k) and the baffles (2o, 21) with one another for the centrifugal separation of heavy and light to
The ten particles rotate and there is also an axially arranged * inlet opening (23) for the liquid at one end of this chamber (2k) and at least one outlet opening (25) at the other end thereof in order to draw off different fractions separately. 15 · Device according to claim 9, characterized in that the baffles (2o, 21) the radially extending liquid sweg in the form of a plurality of divided liquid flow paths. 16 The device according to claim 15, characterized in that this radial fluid path is limited by two coaxially arranged cones or cones. 17 · Device according to claim 16, characterized in that the baffles (2o, 21) are provided with a plurality of vein-shaped guide parts which are located between these cones extend and that these guide parts and cones are synchronized with the cylinders (io, 17) in. Rotation. 18. The device according to claim 17i, characterized in that at least one packing made of friction material is embedded between the vein-shaped guide parts. 19o device according to claim 18, characterized in that at least one perforated component such as a plate is present between these cones and connected to the latter in a rotationally fixed manner is, so that the separate liquid flows can be combined again through these components. 109848/1711