DE2119636A1 - System for lighting greenhouses, outdoor crops and the like - Google Patents

Description

Dipl.-Ing. Dr. Roeder 62 Wiesbaden, 21. April 1971

Datzhelmer Strasse 61

Dr. Röbe-Oltmanns telephonist 41905

Telegram code: Patent | ura Wiesbaden Patentanwälte

Our marks t your mark:

Applicant: Ridard Alfons Ott

Wiesbaden-Frauenstein, Dotzheimer Landstr.

System for lighting greenhouses, outdoor crops and the like. Addendum to Pat. (File: P 19 20 092.1)

Greenhouses have hitherto generally been made by a more or less large number of individual lights, which are arranged in the ridge of the greenhouse or above the beds are illuminated. It is also known to use light strips that are appropriately arranged for lighting Use fluorescent tubes.

This type of lighting is very uneven, and the light intensity fluctuates depending on the distance from the nearest one Lighting fixtures and depending on the angle of incidence of the light for the plants, in the order of magnitude of about 1s5. This unevenness of lighting leads to uneven plant growth and sometimes crooked plants, because these are in the direction of the light turn.

The unevenness of artificial lighting in greenhouses can be countered by the Individual lights can be placed closer together.

The closer the individual lights are set, the more but the incidence of daylight, especially in sunshine, is caused by the shadows of the lights in the Hindered greenhouse. The denser the lights to increase the uniformity of the artificial lighting the greenhouses are set, the more so

209819/050 5 " ² " λ

S -

Postal checking account ι Frankfurt am Main 41518 · Bank account. Wiesbadener Vereinsbank 75489 07

Individual shadows or, with the arrangement of light bands, entire shadow stripes are created that support the growth of the Badly affect plants in natural light.

Depending on the type of plant that is being grown, there should be a certain temperature in the greenhouse. the known lights for lighting greenhouses are to a considerable extent pure heat radiators. As a result, the temperature is higher where the light is incident perpendicularly than where it is inclined. This in turn leads to different plant growth. In addition, the heat dissipation of the The temperature control in the greenhouses P lights becomes complicated. The heating and lighting need be coordinated so that the desired temperature always prevails in the greenhouse. Arises through Artificial lighting Excess heat must be dissipated, which in turn requires special devices required are.

The lights arranged above the beds or in the ridge of the greenhouse make the further the the automatic watering of the plants and the cultivation of the beds are considerably impeded. The maintenance and maintenance of the lights requires an additional work wall and hinders the horticultural work in the greenhouse β

β-

The object of the present invention is to provide a system for the artificial lighting of greenhouses create that ensures an even lighting of the plants, which does not invade the natural Light and which does not affect the temperature in the greenhouse and through which the horticultural Work in the greenhouse is not hindered.

This object is essentially achieved by a system for lighting greenhouses, which consists of

20981 9/050 S - ³ "

light sources arranged on carriers exist (so-called Floodlights).

As a carrier, masts, buildings, masonry, etc. can be used. to serve. The amount of the carrier depends on the size of the area to be illuminated, the strength of the light sources and the requirements of the environment of the plants.

The illumination from such light sources is very uniform. The light intensity fluctuates only in the On the order of about 1: 1.2. The carriers do not obstruct the incidence of daylight. Through appropriate Arrangement of the girders and the greenhouses can be achieved that at no time of the day the girders Throw shadows on the greenhouses. Heat is transferred to the greenhouse by the light sources arranged in this way not supplied, so that the temperature control in the greenhouse is much easier. The lighting is infinitely variable and can be adjusted to the respective type of plant in the greenhouse. This type of lighting does not in any way hinder the gardening work in the greenhouse. The maintenance and care of such light sources is very easy.

To avoid particularly strong light sources need to be used, it is advisable to place the supports near the greenhouses. It is too advantageous in order not to lose any usable space, the girders outside of the greenhouses To arrange surfaces.

The light sources are expediently attached to the carrier so that they can be adjusted in height and direction to be able to adapt the arrangement of the light sources to the given conditions,

2098 19/050 5 " ^k "

It is advisable to provide only two light sources, the most dianefcral on opposite sides the greenhouses are arranged. Sunlight is mimicked with just two light sources. at the sun is available as the primary light source, while the entire sky as a large reference surface the secondary light gives. Due to this, the sun throws, depending on the strength of the reflected light, lightened shadows. In the preferred according to the invention Execution form with only two light sources can be activated by regulating the light sources accordingly, in particular with regard to the light intensity any point of the illuminated complex any shadow strength between strong shadow and completely dissolved shadow can be set.

Be the two light sources at two diagonally opposite one another Arranged in corners, the illumination of the entire area is best.

Appropriately, the light sources used are those that consist of a plurality of individual light focal points of combined lights exist.

The lighting according to the invention is not suitable only for lighting individual greenhouses, but for lighting entire greenhouse systems that are made of consist of several greenhouses. It is not necessary to have a corresponding one for each greenhouse Number of light sources to be provided; Rather, it is possible to have several greenhouses facing each other are arranged accordingly to illuminate with light sources arranged on the edge of the overall complex.

In addition to the lighting of greenhouses, the system according to the invention can also advantageously be used for lighting others with crops, crops and

209819/0505 -5-

Ornamental plants, namely cryptogams (mosses, algae, mushrooms and the like) and phanerogams (cereals, beets and the like) are used in cultivated areas, e.g. outdoor crops in particular for illuminating surfaces that are heated by means of heating elements arranged in or above the ground, e.g. in hot water pipes arranged on the ground, from above inflated warm air, radiators arranged above, etc. are heated.

The light intensity of the light sources depends on the type of plants grown. You should be physiological be effective.

It is expedient to use such light sources whose light intensity can be adjusted to the respective plant species.

The light mixture, i.e. the light color temperature, should be adjustable to the plants. This is achieved by the fact that the individual light sources that come from consist of a plurality of luminaires grouped together to form light focal points, are composed of luminaires, that emit different light.

The light sources consisting of a plurality of luminaires can have a reflective surface on the side facing away from the illuminated surface. The desired Light mixture, color temperature and light intensity accordingly, parts of the luminaires are directly or indirectly onto the surface to be illuminated and / or part of the luminaires directed at the reflective surface.

The light sources described above can be added by additionally arranged at the level of the plants laterally outside and / or inside the greenhouses for better illumination with a diffuse Distribution without heat radiation.

The system according to the invention for lighting greenhouses, Outdoor crops and the like are particularly important in areas with sufficient warmth in the evening, night and morning hours suitable to the morning and the day

2098 19/050 5 -6-

in the evening and possibly at night by the inventive Extend lighting accordingly.

In areas where the temperature drops sharply with the onset of darkness, e.g. in the peripheral areas of oases, in deserts, the lighting according to the invention is particularly then also suitable for illuminating outdoor crops when these outdoor crops are exposed to sunlight permeable material, e.g. cast glass, which is made possible by precisely calculated dimensions of the waves, ribs, prisms and other embossing forms of the surface a distribution of the incident light - as with the sun light - in the most remote Guaranteed parts of space and angles that are now experiencing a very desirable brightening, with the Plants standing in these rooms are completely flooded

W. '

^m will be.

The fiction, contemporary system can also be used with success wherever, due to insufficient solar heat or too few days, crops can no longer be cultivated if from nature, e.g. from the earth or volcanoes or from industrial plants, e.g. power plants, waste heat and excess heat is available that can be used to heat greenhouses or even outdoor crops. The lighting invention makes it possible in such inhospitable areas where sufficient amounts of waste heat or excess heat are available W, etc. to pull crops and..

In the Fig. A fiction, contemporary system for lighting greenhouses is shown, wherein the invention is not limited to this form of management,

In the figure, 1 is a rectangular field on which several Greenhouses, not shown, are standing. The north-south and east-west directions are indicated by the first letters the cardinal points shown. The light sources 2 and 3 are on the east-west axis on the Corners of the rectangular field 1 arranged.

-7- 209 819/0505

Example 1 ;

In the low-light season (November / December) were the plants winter wheat, winter rape, black foxtail and wild oats

I in the field

II in a large greenhouse with the invention Outdoor lighting (floodlights) with a light intensity of approx. 1000 Lu *

III in a greenhouse with standard interior lighting (HQL lamps = high pressure mercury vapor lamps) with a light intensity of approx. 1000 lux

used. The artificial lighting lasted 2 hours in the morning (7 a.m. to 9 a.m.) and 4 hours in the evening (5 p.m. to 9 p.m.). After 3 weeks it was found that the plants from I and II were almost the same in habit and height, while the plants from III were significantly larger, very labile and not natural in habit. The plants from I used for comparison were already k weeks old at the beginning of the experiment.

The following table shows the height of the plants in cm (average of 50 plants each).

Tabel

I II III

Winter wheat 12.0 12.8 15.5 Winter rape 5.8 6.5 10.2 Field fox tail 8.0 8.5 11.5 Wild oats 10.1 10.5 15.8

Example 2 :

In the low-light season (November / December), the plants were planted with liinterweizen, annual bluegrass,

209 8 19/0505 -8-

Field mustard, beets and corn at the same time

I in a large greenhouse with inventive Outdoor lighting (floodlights) with a light intensity from approx. 1200 - I5OÖ Lux

and in comparison to that

II in a greenhouse with standard interior lighting (HQL lamps) with a light intensity of approx. 1200 - I5OO Lux

used. The artificial lighting lasted 2 hours in the morning (7 a.m. to 9 a.m.) and 4 hours in the evening (5 p.m. to 9 p.m.). During this cultivation period it was observed that the plants from I were more stable, smaller, more stable, their stalks stronger, the leaf mass stronger, the individual leaves stronger and more juicy or. looked dark green. The plants from II, on the other hand, were open, had long stems, were very unstable and sometimes tended to kink at the bottom of the root neck, the leaf mass ■ was not very firm and the individual leaves were not so juicy or dark green o After 14 days I and II became taken each 20 pieces of each plant species and _v determines the fresh weight. These fresh weights of I and II show only slight differences, but the plants of I were physiologically and morphologically valuable plants before the fresh weight determination, in contrast to II.

The table below shows the fresh weight in grams (Average of 20 plants each).

Tabel I. II 4.56 3.98 Winter wheat 0.42 0.36 annual bluegrass 4.62 • 3.04 Mustard 2.35 1.95 Beets 9.25 8.70 Corn

-9-

2098 19/0505

Example 3 t

The plants Finterweizen, annual bluegrass and Field mustard were produced at the same time in the low-light season (November / December)

I in a large greenhouse with inventive Outdoor lighting (floodlights) with a light intensity of approx. 1200 - I5OO Lux

and in comparison to that

II in a known greenhouse with a usual Interior lighting (HQL lamps) with a light intensity of approx. 1200 - 1500 lux

used. The duration of the artificial lighting was 2 hours in the morning (7:00 a.m. to 9:00 a.m.) and k hours in the evening (5:00 p.m. to 9:00 p.m.). 2 g of each of the plants grown in I were triturated with sand, mixed with 8 ml of ethanol, extracted, centrifuged and measured in the spectrophotometer in the chlorophyll spectral range. If the extinction values obtained from I are set equal to 100, the individual plant extracts from II are significantly lower, which suggests less chlorophyll formation in II and thus a more unfavorable physiological course of the growth processes of the plants.

The absorbance values are from the table below to see.

Tabel

II

Winter wheat
annual bluegrass field mustard

100 83 100 86 100 84

209819/0505

Claims (1)

2113636 - ίο - Patent claims: 1. J plant for lighting greenhouses, outdoor S landkultüren udgl ", characterized by at Light sources arranged on carriers (so-called Floodlights). 2.) Plant according to claim 1, characterized by arranged outside the greenhouses on carriers Light sources. 3.) Plant according to claim 1 and / or 2, characterized through light sources that are often arranged on Träfe near the greenhouses. km) system according to one or more of the claims T to 3t marked by in height and direction adjustable light sources. 5.) System according to one or more of claims 1 to k _t, characterized by two light sources arranged as diametrically as possible on opposite sides. 6.) Plant according to one or more of claims 1 to 5 »characterized by two diagonally light sources arranged opposite corners « 7.) Plant according to one or more of the claims 1 to 6, marked by two on the east-west axis light sources arranged in the greenhouses " 8.) Plant according to one or more of the claims 1 to 7 t characterized by two diagonally opposite corners on the east-west axis light sources arranged in the greenhouses. 9.) Plant according to one or more of the claims 1 to 8, characterized by light sources, each consisting of a plurality of individual light sources 209819/0505 Focus of concentrated luminaires exist. 10.) System according to one or more of claims 1 to 9 »characterized by light sources with a for the plants to be illuminated physiologically effective light sources. 11.) Plant according to one or more of claims 1 to 10, characterized by light sources with a variable color temperature. 12.) Plant according to one or more of claims 1 to 11, characterized by light sources with a variable light mixture. 13 ·) Plant according to one or more of claims 1 to 12, characterized by the additional use of one or more reflective surfaces. 1'i,) plant according to one or more of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that it is used to illuminate others, the cultivation of useful plants, crops Or ornamental plants or other plants of any kind, e.g. also serving weeds and grass weeds Land is used. 15 «) Plant according to claim 14, characterized in that those for illuminating with translucent materials, in particular glass, plexiglass, plastic foils, covered areas is used. 16.) Plant according to claim 14 and / or 15, characterized in that that the surfaces are heated, e.g. by heating elements laid in the ground. 17 «) system according to one or more of claims 1 to 16, characterized by electrically powered light sources. 18.) Plant according to one or more of claims 1 to 17 »characterized in that additionally at the level of the plants laterally outside and / or inside The light sources arranged in the greenhouses for better illumination with a diffuse distribution without Heat radiation. 209819/0505 Γ- ^Λ * Lee rs e ι te