DE2109693B2 - ELECTRONIC SPEED CONTROLLER FOR COMBUSTION MACHINERY - Google Patents

Description

a) As a controller step, a pure speed controller step with P-I-D behavior (19) or a filling speed regulator stage (20) can be switched on (FIG. 1);

b) between controller stage (19, 20) and amplifier (26) is a filling limit signal that the engine filling, z. B. depending on the engine speed, the external air pressure, the oil temperature or the charge air temperature, compared with the filling signal emanating from the controller stage, with the smaller signal ^{being forwarded to the Verz5} more strongly (Figs. 2 and 3 );

c) There are two measuring systems available for speed measurement, which can optionally be used for the delivery of the The actual speed value can be used and both via an either-or circuit (34) act on a shutdown device (29) of the internal combustion engine (11) at overspeed (Fig. 1).

35

2. Electronic speed controller according to claim 1 with controller stage exhibiting P-I behavior, characterized in that a P behavior with an adjustable proportional range is achieved by changing the speed setpoint depending on the 4 <> filling actual value (Figures 4 and 5).

3. Electronic speed controller according to claim 2 with at maximum possible power Reduction starting at the set speed, characterized in that from the sum of the filling limit signal (68) and actual filling value signal (76) with the aid of a further, the maximum filling signal (67) corresponding, constant signal, a new signal to be added to the speed setpoint is formed (Figures 4 and 5).

4. Electronic speed controller according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that at Parallel operation of several internal combustion engines 81 to 84) only one master controller (90) with controller stage is available and the other systems receive the filling signal from this controller stage (Fig. 6).

5. Electronic speed controller according to claim 4, the internal combustion engines with Generators are coupled which work on a common network, characterized in that that the filling signal of the common master control stage for the individual internal combustion engine on the active load of the generator driven by the internal combustion engine in question taking into account signal is added, so that all systems with the prescribed Load are operated (Fig. 6).

6. Electronic speed controller according to claim 1 to 5, characterized in that at the operational amplifiers used, the diodes are included in the feedback path, with which the temperature influence of the diodes is switched off.

The invention relates to an electronic speed controller for internal combustion engines of high power with a setpoint setting for the speed or filling of the internal combustion engine, a setpoint / actual comparison the speed, a controller stage, an amplifier, an actuator with servo valve for Fill control with displacement sensor and feedback.

Electronic speed controllers are provided for internal combustion engines because of their simple structure, their ψ good adjustability and because of their universal applicability for various types of internal combustion engines for regulating speed and charge.

In internal combustion engines of great power, e.g. B. diesel engines for rail vehicles, there is Demand for optional speed control or combined filling speed control. With downstream Torque converter gearbox, for example, is possible to regulate speed and charge, with a downstream Clutch transmission is required, however, filling control.

Because of the high purchase price of the machines, there are special requirements to prevent premature wear and tear when the machines are operated under unfavorable conditions. The filling of the machines must then, for. B. can be withdrawn as a function of the engine speed if the ignition pressure at low speeds for the storage of the crankshaft is too high or the so-called smoke limit is reached. If the ύ external air pressure drops, e.g. B. by reaching a greater height when driving vehicles, or the oil temperature of the machine rises inadmissibly, e.g. due to a defect in the cooling system, or if the temperature of the intake air is too high, the filling must be used to protect the machine or to make it flawless Combustion can be reduced.

In the event of overspeed, it must be ensured that the internal combustion engine is filled under all circumstances is withdrawn.

The object of the invention is to meet these diverse conditions with an electronic controller.

This task is solved by the combination of the following features:

a) A pure speed controller stage can optionally be used as the regulator stage with P-I-D behavior or a filling speed controller stage be switched on;

b) between the controller stage and the amplifier is a filling limit signal that the engine filling, z. B. depending on the engine speed, the external air pressure, the oil temperature or the charge air temperature, with which

filling signal F i g emanating from the controller stage. 3 the circuit diagram for limiting the filling

compare the smaller signal to signals,

the repeater is forwarded; Fig. 4 shows the representation of filling control

c) two measuring systems are curves for speed measurement,

available, which is optionally available for the delivery of the ⁵ F ι g. 5 the circuit diagram for regulating the charge, the actual speed value can be used - ^Fl § ^{6 the} correction of the internal combustion engine

and both act via an either / or sound line by taking into account the active powers tang in the event of overspeed on a shut-off device ^of the internal combustion engine operating in parallel on a common network. Generators, ,,. ,,, _. "

iö F ι g. 7 the circuit diagram of the differential amplifier.

Through the invention, the advantages of the electrical In F i g. 1 is a high-performance diesel engine 11 as

ironic controller expanded and a wide-controlled system is shown. The speed of the diesel going Securing high-quality internal combustion engine is both with a tachometer generator 12, against premature wear and tear and destruction of the speed voltage supplies, as well as with a reached by overspeed. 15 digital tachometer 13, one of the speed

The appropriate frequency is formed and measured for the various areas of application. The outside necessary, the proportional range of the moving signals are in a speed error adjustable from 0 to about 10%. merl4 or in a frequency-voltage converter According to the invention, for this purpose a regulator stage with 15 in each case analog DC voltage signals with P-I behavior used with 0% _ speed deviation and converted via a switch 16 optionally as between idling and full filling, while the actual speed value is available for control "a P-behavior with adjustable proportionality.

range by changing the speed setpoint in The speed setpoint is set using a

Dependence of the actual filling value is achieved. Potentiometer 17, the comparison between the two

Furthermore, it is for setting and checking 25 values is passed in an addition point 18 Proportionality range on the test bench and fed to a P-I-D controller stage 19, In addition to the P-I-D controller stage 19, a control is desired that the controller with a maximum possible idle controller stage 20 with a setpoint setting for the siung at the set target speed with the filling 21 arranged. A switch 22 can regulation begins. According to the invention this is thereby optionally the filling signal corresponding to the 3 ° achieves that from the sum of the filling limit speed setpoint or according to the filling tongue signal and actual filling value signal with the aid of the nominal value or according to the command of a driver further, the maximum filling signal can be obtained from the regulatorS.

speaking, constant signal, your speed- In an analog OR gate 23 that is

The new signal to be added to the setpoint is formed. 35 filling signal of the controller stage with the filling

Several internal combustion engines work in parallel on a limit signal of a Füllungsbegrenzuhg 24, which has a common output, so it was previously common, for. B. by engine speed, oil temperature, loading capacity, each internal combustion engine has its own controller too temperature or air pressure is to be prescribed. However, it is difficult to find the same ones. In a further moderate load on all internal combustion engines, the smaller signal is safely supplied with a feedback signal. _r . compared, amplified in an amplifier 26 and in

This disadvantage is eliminated that in an electrohydraulic servo valve 27 in a Parallel operation of several internal combustion engines only converted corresponding hydraulic pressure, a master regulator with regulator stage is available This pressure is set in one of the diesel engine 11 and the other systems generate the filling signal from 45 driven pump 28 and extend over a refer to this controller level. Shut-off valve 29 to a cylinder 30, which has an

As a result, an injection pump 31 for most applications is actuated. A prayer 32 is generated In some cases, a sufficiently uniform load is achieved. the feedback signal coming through an amplifier

When driving generators, which is fed to a 33. The shut-off valve 29 is at event Network work, an even more precise 5 ° can reach an overspeed through a Entwedef load balancing become necessary, in particular to OR switch 34 of one of the two speed changes of the actuator or the actual filling value signals. A proportionality control, which result in the course of time to be set 35 is from the feedback signal as same. Actual filling value and the filling limit

This object is achieved by influencing the value signal and delivering a new signal to be added to the speed filling signal of the common master control station setpoint,
for a single internal combustion engine, the effective F i g. 2 shows the in two straight sections 38 and

Last of the course of the charge limitation 40-driven generator, which is divided by the internal combustion engine 39 in question, over the speed of rotation, taking into account the signal. Each section is added by three, so that all systems can be operated with the ^preset values, the maximum limit level 41, written load. the angle of inclination 42 and the starting speed 43.

An embodiment of the invention is shown in Fig. 3 shows the representation of such a part

Drawing and is shown in more detail in the following by the Schaltang,
described. It shows at 44 a span proportional to the speed

F i g. 1 the block diagram of an electronic ^{voltage 6} 5 applied and compared with a negative voltage set on the potentiometer 45 control system for an internal combustion engine. Is this

Fig. 2 is the representation of a charge limitation voltage greater than the speed voltage curve as a function of the speed, at the output of the operational amplifier 46 a positive

5 6

tive signal is generated via a diode 47 directly a DiSerenzsignal that via the operational amplifier

is fed back. Only when the speed armature 72 is reinforced, and in accordance with the on

voltage at 44 is greater than the non-uniformity set with the potentiometer 74

Meter 45 set negative voltage, the degree will appear at 73. The setpoint is around this

Sginal at the output of the operational amplifier 46 5 signal increased so that the machine actually

negative, can flow through a diode 48 and work at point 77.

is fed back via a resistor 49. In Fi g. 6 are four internal combustion engines 81 to 84 For the feedback, the voltage is shown in one with the generators 85 to 88. The genes point 50 decisive. The voltage at the output rators 85, 86 and 87 work in parallel on a network of the operational amplifier 46 arises ίο 89, while the generator88, e.g. for repairs the forward voltage of the diode 48 is turned off for the purpose of. The speed of the three with which the temperature influence of this diode from internal combustion engines 81, 82 and 83 is only from is switched. a master controller 90 with the setpoint value (frequency

The limitation of the network can be compared on a potentiometer 51 and a common acceptance per speed unit is set from this, and a corresponding filling signal is formed. Via a collection corresponding to the angle of inclination 42 (FIG. 2). The monorail sends this signal to the filling controls. Position on the potentiometer 45 results in the insert turns 91, 92 and 93 for regulating the internal combustion engine number 43 (FIG. 2). nen forwarded. The one given off by the generators

The limit level 41, on the other hand, is set at an active power in active power measuring devices 94, 95 further potentiometers 52 . From the there 20 and 96 detected and in the form of signals to a differential set positive voltage, the reference amplifier 97 is reported. Here, a mean value is withdrawn from all negative voltage going signals coming from a potentiometer 51 and a difference between the input signal and mean value is withdrawn from the difference by means of a further operational amplifier 54. The signal occurring at 55 is a measurement-speaking output signal and a correction for the size of the limitation. A further 25 members 98, 99 and 100 can be transmitted to 53. There the correction elements for other parts, z. B. 39, a correction signal to be included in the common filling signal. adds and regulates the corresponding burning

In Fig. 4 are different target filling control machines in such a way that all systems with

curves 60, 61 and 62 are shown. The intersection of the same or a predeterminable active power

with the speed setpoints 63, 64 and 65 should work at 30.

the maximum possible filling line 66 , the switches 101 to 104 can all controllers of the

from the filling line 67 for 100% filling around the installed internal combustion engines as a master controller

Filling limit 68 deviates. It should also be used.

The degree of nonuniformity or proportionality can be switched off from the network via switches 105 to 108 , ie the inclination of the filling control curves, 35 position. Can be set to switch off. In the example, the system with the

F i g. 5 shows the circuit diagram for the representation of the internal combustion engine 84 and the generator 88.

Filling control curves according to Fig. 4th posed. Simultaneously with the actuation of one of the

A positive switch 105 to 108 is connected to a potentiometer 69 via a corresponding one

Voltage that corresponds to the level of the filling signal for 40 switches 109 to 112 with the system switched off

100% filling is set. At point 70 their own regulator connected and disconnected

the filling limit signal is carried out at point 71 in the differential amplifier,

the actual filling value signal is connected. In Fig. 7 is the circuit diagram of a differential amplifier

An operational amplifier 72 represents the difference signal for four generators connected in parallel from the sum of the filling limit 45. Switches 121 to 124 are each opened, the filling signal and the filling actual value signal on the one hand when the corresponding system is switched off, and the set voltage of the potentiometer in the example is again switched off 69 on the other hand, amplified. At point 73 this and thus switch 124 can be opened.
Output signal can be tapped, which is added to the nominal value for each system, a transistor 125 to 128 before the filling limit is added. A 50 and a constant current source 129 to 132. Potentiometer 74 allows the adjustment of the degree of uniformity at the base 133 to 136 of the transistors. the corresponding signal for the effective load of the

Is z. B. the machine with the target speed 63 connected to individual systems and controls the

(F i g. 4) and operated with the maximum possible filling, current flowing through the transistors,

so it works at operating point 75. The sum of 55 Depending on the current flowing and thus

The actual filling value signal and the filling limitation dependent on the active load are generated at collector 137

signal corresponds to the voltage set on potentiometer 69 , up to 140 a voltage in the correction elements

th value for 100% filling. This means that there is no difference between 98 and 101 (Fig. 6)

residual voltage is present and a signal is added accordingly.

also no signal at point 73. The setpoint is 6 °.

not changed. Power sources 129 to 132 can add more at any time

If, on the other hand, the machine is operated at point 76, systems are switched on or off without the

this means that there is a smaller actual filling value signal. previous systems must be adjusted. the

The sum of the filling limit signal and the individual controls of the internal combustion engines are

The actual filling value signal does not reach the continuously corrected on the 65 den, so that the prescribed

Potentiometer 69 set value and there arises benen active powers are emitted.

For this purpose 2 sheets of drawings

Claims (1)

Patent claims: 1. Electronic speed controller for internal combustion engines of high power with a setpoint value setting for speed or filling of the internal combustion engine, a target / actual comparison of the speed, a controller stage, an amplifier, an actuator with servo valve for filling control with displacement sensor and feedback, ge ίο characterized by the combination of the following features: