DE2109678A1 - Reciprocating compressors - Google Patents

Description

2M09678

Patent attorneys inr. π. η: ~ .τζ sen. ·

β Munich 22, Sielncdorfstr. 10022-16.7O9P (16.7IOH) 1. 3 · 1971

GUNWEB LIMITED, London (Ontario), Canada

Reciprocating compressors

The invention relates to a compressor and in particular to a compressor with a spherical piston in the compression chamber.

In compressors, especially in air compressors,
the compression is usually generated by a cylindrical piston reciprocating in the compression chamber with piston rings and valves. All of these types of compressors, with the exception of very special ones, require a considerable amount of oil to be used.

It has been shown that a compressor of _{s o} uto i: - 'iriaii -'- s ^ rad, low weight and gei in ₆ he size than conventional Vedichturi £, du3.. .l · use of a new, ve-; j borrowed kuf.tilähnlich. η Ko LL. '> n type of construction can be achieved. The piston tiutl die i'leuelotai) « aitUt Mitriiianl r rigidly

BAO OWQtNAL

"-" ■■■ - '■ > ¹ ^ »t (7> 109840/1103

tied * Furthermore, valves are arranged in the piston, which passing the gas through the flask; the profile of the piston and the profile of the cylinder are such that the Gas located between the top surface of the piston and the cylinder cover is expelled when the piston reached its top dead center during the last part of the compression stroke.

The invention thus relates to a single-acting piston compressor with a piston that reciprocates in a straight line with drive by crankshaft, and consists in that

a) the piston is shaped like a ball and is rigidly connected to the connecting rod,

b) the cylinder cover is shaped like a ku-jel and contains the exhaust valve _}

c) the piston contains the inlet valve and a spherical layer-shaped crank-side lower part, which with the connecting rod is rigidly connected and provided with passage channels for the gas to be sucked in, and a spherical cap The upper part is pressed by a spring onto the upper end face of the lower piston part and forms the inlet valve plug,

d) the diameter of the convex peripheral surface of the KoI benunfcteils is so large that the piston rests sealingly against the wall of the cylinder space.

Embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawing; dat-ßes tel 11>v; s show?

1 098 AO / 1 1 0-3

Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment with the piston, in the end point of the compression stroke in longitudinal section?

FIG. 2 shows the embodiment from FIG. 1 in band view _9, partly in section, without valve 5

Fig. 3 the cylinder space and the piston, this to about half suction stroke, in longitudinal section;

FIG. K shows the embodiment as in FIG. 1, the piston on half the compression stroke, in a longitudinal section5

Fig. 5 shows the piston of the embodiment of Fig. 1, in Longitudinal s chni 115

6 shows the upper part of the piston with two different versions of the piston ring and the spring holding device for comparison, in longitudinal section;

Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 7-7 of Figure 6;

Fig. 8-10 the piston ring in its various positions assumed during the piston stroke, in view, the contact perimeter as a dashed line Just shown;

11 shows the embodiment as in FIG. 4, but with one Coating in the compression room

First to Fig. 1t The compressor contains an external one

109840/1103

metallic housing 21 having cooling fins 22 and with a 7> y ~ relieving space 23 · This space has a dome-shaped cover of preferably spheroidal shape with an apex portion whose radius is slightly greater than dor radius of the (to be described later) KolbonobertoiIs 33 so that a cavity arises. A valve 25 with a small opening 26 connects the apex portion of the cylinder cover 2 h with a nipple 27 'is screwed to the housing? Λ for the purpose of connection of a connection line to a (not shown) vessel. Between the opening 26 and the nipple 27 there is a ball 2'i which is pressed down by a spring 2 °.

The piston 32 has the shape of a ball cut off at the bottom and consists of an upper toilet 33 in the shape of a spherical cap and a lower, crank-side part Jk ion the shape of a spherical layer with eiiior upper and lower end faces 15 and 30 and convex i ' receiving surface? _ ^, Sii aiideros LNDC a Hopf 37 ii.it oiner _Vr; 35 · The lower part kurbolseitige ^r i lh 1 rigidly with cir.i "one end of a connecting rod stan ^ o 36 / ^ bunder;?... : · \ ·:, /.? ■ '. Tn this Llohrung 3- is a LarorbuchKe Ύ) for ri ^ oorders _s in · Μί <\ ut crank pin ^ 1 of a drive shaft k2 engages, liit.-s «U- dllc i. «■ t with a motor ^! 5,? ■ · B. an electric motor, coupled. üi e convex circumferential hole 35 is votv'u; sv / ei se formed by a piston ring k '}, gel.', dei on the rest side cn piston part "}, U by means of later to be determined = chi ¹ 'il'ondor means go-I: · old,

Uie Figo 5 shows h; t der kurl-o! - ·:;.! part. '\ h preferably the Foxv-n of a plate with (' «rtr surface 15 and lower surface 'JO. Through tile» rir-.tt; «- r filien fanals k" _{t back-}

BATH ORIGINAL 10984Π / 110 ^

through which, for reasons to be described later, gas flow from their lower surface 3 ^ to their upper surface 15. The upper part 33 rests on the upper surface 15 with spring pressure and in this way blocks the channels; but it can also lift itself off the upper surface 15 during the suction stroke of the piston 32 and then opens the channels k '/ _t so that gas can flow through these channels from the lower part of the cylinder space 23 into the upper part k6 of the cylinder space, as in more detail from Fig. 4 can be seen.

So that dirt cannot penetrate into the lower part kk of the cylinder roughness 23, a sieve plate 50 is attached in front of the lower end of the lower part of the cylinder space; a gauze 65 or some other suitable sieve material is arranged there, which filters out such dirt particles from the gas flowing into the lower chamber VI.

As can be seen on the axis of the left side of FIG. 6, the resilient contact pressure of the upper part 33 of the piston on the upper surface 1j is brought about by a cylinder screw kB and a spring k9 clamped under its head Mass production easier - the lower, cut off piston part 3 ^ be shaped so that a pin 51 coaxial with the piston) 2 protrudes from the upper surface 15; The piping Hn was then pushed over this pin 51 'and two washers 52 were placed over it and then the pin 51 was hammered into leather in the usual way to form the rivet head VI (see the right-hand sole in FIG. 1).

i) he Bu drove the Vo ι dichfc <r. ·. i.at like foists dit; Drive

10984η / I m: l BADORiGINAL

shaft hZ is rotated clockwise; then the crank pin 41 moves the piston 32 up and down in the cylinder chamber in the following order i In Fig. 1 and 2, the piston 32 is in the uppermost part of the cylinder chamber (top dead center) β When the drive shaft is rotated by 90 ° (Fig. k) , the piston 32 is moved downwards in the cylinder chamber 23 and at the same time inclined to the left, as shown. This tendency is due to the fact that the piston 32 is rigidly attached to the connecting rod j6 , ie without a piston pin. This inclination is made possible by the convex circumferential surface 35 'which is a spherical body with the diameter of the cylinder space 23. In Fig. R-10 the height of the convex circumferential surface - precisely the chord length of the convex arc 54 of the convex surface - is such that it is adapted to the degree of this piston inclination. In other words: the contact circumference line j6 between the convex The circumferential surface 35 and the wall of the cylinder space is always within the limits of this convex circumferential surface 35.

During the suction stroke, the valve 25 closes and blocks the opening 26, so that a negative pressure is created in the upper part 46 of the cylinder space 23 (the part located between the apex of the cylinder space and the piston 32). Therefore, gas flows from the lower part 44 of the cylinder chamber 23 through the channels h ″ / into the upper part of the cylinder chamber, 1. During this stroke, the upper part 33 of the piston lifts from the lower, crank-side part 4 of the piston and opens the cannula 47 "so lets the gas flow in the described oiaiie,

! / erm the Antricbhwr lit h? threatens to 1 "O ¹ ", wit-u (J'if piston 32 ii.i 7yl indt: rrEuirn 2Λ widens lmx'fib _L , F ⁴ .i -) -, oii bj ..-;

088 * 0/1! 03

to its bottom dead center. He is brought back from his oblique position to his vertical figure eight. At the bottom dead center, the spring 49 pushes the upper part 33 of the piston back onto the upper surface 15 and closes the cannula 47. When the parts rotates to the 2/0 ° position, the piston 32 begins its upward stroke, ie its Compression stroke, which is inclined to the right (Fig. 3) _c Dap in the upper part 46 of the cylinder space between the piston upper part 33 and the cylinder cover 24 gas is through the valve 23 (the> sen ball is lifted as in Fig. 3 ) pushed through into the (not shown) container. Iverni the JGO - position is reached, the ball is rotated back and Echlief3t the opening 26 _£, The cycle then begins neueme

In the following, the components of the compressor 20 will now be described in detail. The ring 43 is slotted so that it can adapt to the thermal expansion bra f-oLvcren operating conditions; it could of course also be unslotted. The ring "fco'A 53 has two lingers 57, which, overlapping one another, in the vertical plane on the axis of the lung. The fingers 57 each leave a gap 59 at their end , so that the ring stretching with temperature changes uu can contract <i Although the width _c 5 ^ of Rin;.. ^'' (3 iin compared to seinein circumference is only very low, there's fingers 57j may as described, on the Plane? - 5- rest against each other, this contact surface * offers a seal for all practical cases and allows, however, a reasonable width of the gap 59.

l-.ie can be seen from Fig. 3 - IO, the ring 43 is on

1098ΔΠ / 1103

BATH ORIGINAL -. "

the crank-side ₅ lower part Jh of the piston so that the center of the contact surface 58 lies on the pivot axis 6i of the piston 32 _{o In} other words: the contact surface 58 intersects at right angles, preferably in its center, with that plane _P which both the Axis of the connecting rod j6 as well as the pivot axis 61 of the piston 32 contains. If the contact area would be 58 not arranged so that the pivot axis lies in her 61, then the seal which provides by the contact of the convex peripheral surface 35 with the ¥ and the cylinder chamber 23 at the contacted peripheral line 56 would be broken through _9; this will be readily apparent upon careful consideration of Fig. (S-10.

This position of the ring, in which the contact surface 58 is arranged so that the pivot axis of the piston lies within this surface j? I , can be achieved by any fastening means such as, for. B ₀ a dowel pin 62 arranged between the piston ring hh and the lower piston part Jh can be secured.

The described arrangement of the contact surface 58 ensures that in no phase of the piston circuit, especially not during the important compression stroke, gas can pass between the convex circumferential surface 57 and the cylinder wall 23. So that the sealing contact between the convex circumferential surface 35 and the wall of the cylinder 23 is even better, it is recommended that the material of the ring k "} should be soft, deformable and yet wear-resistant. Bronze with tetrafluoride, also tetrafluoride with glass fiber filling and the like; however, the "material is for everyone."

BATHROOM PfL

10984Π / 1103

Compressor depending on the characteristics of the cylinder wall to choose. When the housing 21 is made of cast steel and the wall of the cylinder is honed 23, have tetrafluoride and tetrafluoride bronze, to 2h microns thick, proved z _e, 16 as a low "In another case where the housing of zinc is, it has been recommended to provide the cylinder wall 23 with a layer of copper - applied with the usual copper plating process - and then a thin layer of nickel (Oj, 0025 - O _s O125 mm thick); this gives the cylinder space 23 a porous surface which appears matt in the light. If you use tetrafluoride bronze as the ring material or tetrafluoride with glass fiber filling for the sake of high stability, you will achieve an excellent service life of the ring. Furthermore, glass fiber-filled tetrafluoride has proven to be an excellent material for the upper piston part 33.

Now back to Fig. 6: The profile of the piston part 3 ^ on the crank side and the inner profile of the piston ring U-3 can have various shapes. As can be seen in the left part of FIG. 6, the inner profile of the ring has a groove 71 and the piston lower part has a radially protruding edge 72 which fit into the groove 71. In contrast, the piston lower part visible in the right part of FIG the Riiifi a smooth internal profile} in this embodiment, the lower piston part '} h two radially protruding walls 77 which include the ring h "\ and which are profiled circular arc shape on its outer circumference and slightly behind the spherical surface of the convex Umfaiu; sfläche of the ring listened, stand back.

:, h has turned out (-i _t ; t _s that a compressor of the previously loose-rubbed type with a 25 mm diameter of the spherical coil

10984Π / 1103

BAD QBIQtHM.

bens and 1½ mm piston stroke can deliver compressed air of 8 atmospheres, but with a large piston diameter of z ₀ B, 50 mm the elasticity of the piston ring kj does not press the ring 43 strongly enough against the wall of the cylinder chamber 23 to achieve good compression. Therefore, it is recommended between the ring 43 and the lower piston part ^ h to arrange an annular spring which can press against the wall of the cylinder space 23 of the ring 43 radially outwardly.

In the housing 21, so that it can be mass-produced can be poured more easily, it is best to provide a threaded hole 78 which leads to the apex of the compression space 2 leads, as shown in FIG

The valve 25 is screwed into this threaded hole ^ Q. In order to effect the fullest possible expulsion of the air trapped in the upper part 46 of the cylinder space 23 during the compression stroke, the housing of the valve 25 has a spherical shell shape on its end face "79 , which matches the upper surface of the upper piston part 3, as in Fig. 1-4 to see _a

The inner wall of the cylinder roughness 23 is provided with a coating 60 made of wear-resistant material — indicated in FIG. 11 by a thick line. This wear-resistant material is preferably a zinc alloy. This is particularly a generated by anodizing Zinküberzu ^ or - commonly known as - anodic film on zinc from electrolyzer beti that a ocl ir more "re anions from the group of" glass-forming "moments - boron, aluminum, silicon or phosphorus - plus one or more anions from an element group such as chromium, manganese, vanadium or molybdaires. Insb ^ iuridore are Natrlum-: 3il Lkat-

10984Π / 1103

BATH ORIGINAL

Chronicler, sodium oilikat-chromate-vanadate and sodium-silicate-cliromat-manganate have been used as electrolytes for anodizing zinc. The electrolytic salts and the processes for producing protective coatings on objects! Zinc or zinc alloys consist of or are coated with these metalsj are commercially available or known from patents (e.g. _t Canadian patent 605 205, USA patent 3 011 ?:> !, British patent 870 127) More precisely, such coatings having a thickness of 0 _P 1o75 to 0.0375 mm, in particular 0.01 mm, provide sufficient anodic zinc coating 60 to the group consisting of zinc or zinc-coated T / and the cylinder chamber 23; This improves the resistance of the cylinder wall to wear through chemical attack, leaching and abrasion and the friction of the piston ring consisting of a tetrafluoride combination ^ 3 ^ar * of the wall of the cylinder space 23 is reduced

In order to run in faster, the wall of the cylinder chamber 23 can be greased.

109840/1103

BATH

Claims (1)

■ * "I (C ~ * Claims (1J single-acting reciprocating compressor with rectilinear reciprocating piston driven by a crankshaft, characterized by dan a) the piston (32) is shaped like a ball and is rigidly connected to the connecting rod (36), b) the cylinder cover (2k) is shaped like a hemisphere and contains the outlet valve (25), c) the piston (32) contains the inlet valve and consists of a spherical-layer-shaped crank-side lower part (3 ^ -) »which is rigidly connected to the connecting rod (36) and with through-ducts (4?) for the suction Gas is provided, and a kugelkappeii-f öriniren upper part (33), which is pressed by a spring (hy) on the upper end face (15) of the lower piston part (" ^} l) and the inlet valve-Versc ^ lr-ßstück forms, d) the diameter of the convex circumferential surface (35) of the piston lower part (3h) is so large that the piston (32) lies against the wall of the cylinder space (23) in a sealing manner. 2. Compressor according to claim 1, characterized in that the radius of the cylinder cover (2h) is slightly larger than the radius of the piston (32). 3. Compressor according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the piston (32) practically completely fills the compressor chamber (4b) at top dead center « 10984Π / 1103 · '.: »BAD ORIGtNAL - I J - 4. Compressor according to one of claims 1-3 »characterized in that the convex peripheral surface (35) of the piston (32) by a piston ring (43) made of soft, wear-resistant material is formed. 5. Compressor according to claim 4, characterized in that the piston ring (43) is slotted and the ring joint (55) has two fingers (57) which are mutually aligned in a plane surface (58) perpendicular to the axis of the ring touch and leave a gap (59) at each end, and that the piston ring is secured by a retaining pin (62) is held in the circumferential direction so that the contact surface (5s) perpendicular to the through the axis of the connecting rod (30) and the pivot axis (61) of the piston (32) certain plane is intersected. 6. Compressor according to claim 5? characterized, that the pivot axis (61) of the piston (32) is the contact surface (53) of the ring joint (55) halved. 7. Compressor according to claim 6, characterized in that the piston ring (43) made of tetrafluoride or of glass fiber-filled tetrafluoride or of a compound of one of them with metal such. B ₀ bronze passes ₀ 8c compressor npoh claim 7, characterized in that d.'ül the housing ('I]) consists of steel and the wall (Ibj ZyLiudorrauus (2Ί) is honed. ^c >. Condensed 'riff-i: aiii ■ 1 lci. ^l n: ipri "hcs; - Ί, thereby • · i.iMiiiz-ä ι < -helf f _v da. iJ-s Gt · !. .η υ (VI) ms 7i.uk bn. stands and 1 0 9 8 4 Π / M Π 3 BAO OWGtNM. the wall of the cylinder space (23) is copper-plated and then nickel-plated is", 10, compressor according to claim 9 »characterized in that the thickness of the nickel coating _{is now 0}} 0125 to 0.0025. II0 compressor according to one of claims 1, 2, 3 or 5 _t, characterized in that the wall of the cylinder space (23) is provided with a wear-resistant coating of boron, aluminum, silicon or phosphorus and of chromium, manganese, vanadium or molybdenum. 12. Compressor according to one of claims 1, 2, 3 or 5, characterized in that the wall of the cylinder space (23) made of zinc with a wear-resistant Coating consists of boron, aluminum, silicon or phosphorus and chromium, manganese, vanadium or molybdenum, 13. Compressor according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the coating has a thickness of O ₅ 189-0.0374 mm. 14o compressor according to claim 13 »characterized in that that the coating is about 0.01 mm thick. 10 9 8 4Γ) / 1 103