DE2105864A1 - Asynchronous mail merge - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to SiOH used in data processing systems Serial Sohlagdrucker and concerns inabesondere printer in which to apply the * known as "flying Print ¹ Print principle ·

With flying serial printers, the characters to be printed on the outer surface of a sioh are constant Moving wheel or a drum distributed, the printing takes place when sioh the character to be printed in accordance with the predetermined © default · Printer »with which the JParbmediu» and the Print medium between the font element (! Type carrier) and a print hammer are arranged »i.e. backwards hitting Printers, are known

Alternatively, there are also printers with which the print hammer and the type carrier act in relation to the printing medium from the same side, and it against an inclined plane pressing down (forwards hitting or roller pressers)

In the second case, the type carrier has the form of a flexible one Ribbon or a bowl or a sole with free

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supporting projecting fingers on which the characters are arranged

In the case of serial printers, the type carrier and the Print hammer »designed as a print carriage or carriage are, generally with steady movement or stride wise moved along the entire print line so that they take all print positions one after the other

From the operational point of view, the distinction is Such printers are very important in synchronous and asynchronous printers

The synchronous series prints are characterized by »that the type carrier and the print hammer in accordance with predetermined synchronism conditions when rotating the Move font element »

The synchronism is unified by different movements causes positive mechanical transmissions

Such printers are particularly suitable for printing with constant speed, but not for typing-type printing, the other way around the possibility makes it necessary to be able to stop the print carriage after each character has been printed

In contrast, the flying Aaynchronj series printers are characterized by a step-by-step movement of the Druckschiit least from a printing position in the

next and because there is no correlation between the movement of the printing carriage and the type carrier , consists · They are particularly suitable for printing after j Type of typewriter, i.e. when printing commands are given from a keypad. However, they are slower because of it during the time used to move the car

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is borrowed to do some printing, which is why they to controlled by an electronic computer system Printing are less suitable.

Apart from that, they are generally more complicated and expensive than the synchronous printers

A suggested workaround is to use a To turn an asynchronous printer into a synchronous printer by enabling it with a suitable mechanical carriage release he sees"

Such a solution brings the solution to serious problems mechanical nature with it, especially as far as the service life and wear resistance of such devices affects, and significantly reduces its reliability

According to the invention, such shortcomings and disadvantages are remedied by means of a reverse procedure, which can be referred to as the synchronization of an asynchronous printer, the synchronization being effected by means of electronic circuits so that the reliability of the printer is not jeopardized possible which is required to move the print carriage? Time to also use it for printing and thus ^; to increase the working speed of the device considerably »·

At the same time, there is the systematic stopping of the carriage in the various print positions for printing; is not necessary, in many cases possible, while pressing the character string to | steer that the slide is at constant G-speed moves with a clear reduction in mechanical loads and a consequent increase in reliability nonchalance.

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These and other advantages of the invention are as follows Description of some preferred embodiments explained with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show it:

Fig. 1 shows an on-the-fly asynchronous serial printer according to the previously known state of the art on which the correction or electronic synchronization can be used according to the invention,

Pig · 2 is a partial view of the type carrier for the printer according to Mg · 1 showing the movement of the character as a result of the overlap of the two movements of the inclination of the writing element or the printing device illustrates

]? ig · 3 a type carrier that is used in a printing device with two separate hammers that can be operated as required in a printer according to the invention leaves,

Figures 4, 5 and 6 show the other preferred embodiments of type carriers that can be used in the printer according to the invention,

Pig 7 in porm of diagrams the curves of acceleration, the speed and the "displacement of the printing carriage for a printer according to Pig. 1 showing what needs to be done at the time of printing Correction according to the invention,

Pig. 8 some approximate correction curves that can be used to apply the correction to the time of printing to apply according to the invention in discontinuous 7 / iron,

Pig. 9, in schematic block form, one of the preferred forms for realizing some pressure correction devices according to the invention,

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10 a printing device in its entirety and a
of the "preferred forms for realizing the pressure correction devices"

11 a variant of the system according to Pig »TO,

Pig. 12 one to account for the shifts in behavior modified the printer's carriage; Correction curve in perm of a diagram,

PIGC 13, the details of a preferred exemplary \ of the invention used Zählerschal- guide die ί processing in block schematic form, "

It is appropriate to go into detail before the invention! consider the study of the proposed solutions for their realization in a general way

Pigο 1 schematically shows the mechanical structure of an I.

Printer that is driven according to the invention and electronically> can be synchronized »!

The printer has a frame 1 in which the various j Parts are arranged which act on the medium carrying the print, the ink ribbon and the printing device »[

For the sake of simplicity and clarity, only the essential parts are shown

The various characters forming the printing device are each individually attached to the end of a flexible strip 2 in a raised manner. The strips or tongues are
radially distributed to form a star-shaped or marguerite-shaped support element 3 which, with the aid of suitable drive devices 4, moves at a constant speed
Rotational movement is held »

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The type carrier and the Antriebvorrichtuhgen are combined on a slide or carriage 5, which on guides slides and is driven by positive transmissions 6 from a drive device 7 so that it is along the Guides takes 14 different consecutive positions, each corresponding to a printing position. The drive device 7 may consist of a low inertia motor such as a printed circuit motor exist, which is coupled to a position detector 8, which determines the various pressure positions »or from a step-by-step engine» its rotor precisely assumes certain angular positions, one or more of which correspond to a precisely defined printing position »

On the carriage 5 is in a suitable position by a Electromagnet 10 actuated print hammer 9 arranged *

The head of the print hammer is very close to the outer circumference of the Character element in one. «: ^ - · .ίι arranged in which the direction of movement of the characters is based on Rotation of the type carrier essentially parallel to the Print line runs

If the electromagnet at a given point in time unci for is energized for a very short period of time, that at that time will be in correspondence with the print hammer head Tip of the flexible strip against the ribbon 11, the wire carrier 12 and the backward sloping plane 13 pressed "so that the characters arranged at the upper end of the flexible strip are printed on the fly"

j The detection of the exact point in time at which the slektromagnet is to be excited is carried out with the aid of a digit ^! lungsdetektor »the example from elaer with the Typer · -

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carrier firmly coherent code or time control disk 15, and a Pühler 16 magnetic or optical or a similar type which is rigidly attached to the carriage 5.

The operation of a printer of this type according to the previous ι

known prior art comprises two separate and distinct |

non-overlapping phases, of which the first to move I

des Drucksehlittens 5 from one printing position to the next?

and the second is to wait until the character - f

strip with the character to be printed through the de-:

tsector 14 has been determined and is also in the correct '* ■

! ^ reset is » I (

Since there is no correlation between the carriage movement and the movement of the type carrier, this waiting or idle time between a substantially-zero Mindeatwert and a maximum value variable, equal to the Schriftzeiehenwiederholungsperioue, that is equal to the period of time is * deaael- \ ben successive between two Torbeigängen Character at the pressure point passes ear * the> underlying practices of the invention, it is not easy to make the two phases overlap, ie that ^; Print even dann'wahr end of the carriage movement recognized if the character strip is determined by the characters to be printed by the detector 14 in the course of this movement, because it moved, in comparison with the right \ pressure position seitlieh, that would result in a "staggered" Print ·

According to the invention, this deficiency is remedied and the overlap of the two phases through a suitable correction of the time of arousal of the electromagnet 10 made so possible that the combined effect of such a correction and j * the circumferential speed of the type carrier a side

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Brings about a shift that is essentially the same and opposite to that of the carriage in relation to the correct pressure position is·

Fig. 2 explains in detail the criterion used

In! Ig · 2 the lines 20 and 2.1 represent the vertical central axes of two successive printing positions indicated by rectangles 22 and 23 respectively

Points 24 and 25 represent the centers of rotation of the type carrier when the print carriage is correctly positioned at points 22 and 23 to perform the print is.

It is assumed that the alphabetic letter A attached to the strip 26 is to be printed at the printing point 22 and that the printing carriage is correctly positioned at the point 24 and is stopped here 26, that is, with a suitable advance represented by the Yor eilwinkel 1 QC in the given position, the printing electromagnet is energized so that the actual printing takes place directly at the printing point 22 ·

The goal rift is necessary because of the fact that the Printing on the fly, i.e. with a character with the Peripheral speed Y takes place and that the print hammer to carry out the pressing a certain period of time of about one Millisecond needed · The right time at which the Electromagnet to be energized is determined by a position detector, which to simplify the scheme by the point 27 is shown.

When the axis of the strip 26 rotates around the Point 24 passes around point 27, the excitation becomes

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of the electromagnet causes · The position detector is on rigidly "attached to the printing carriage, so that is its position opposite the center of rotation of the lyphoid carrier is unchangeable

Therefore it is assumed that the letter A is at the Druokstelle 23 is to be printed and that while the print carriage is moving in the direction of the printing position and it is located at the point marked 28, which corresponds to the center of rotation of the type carrier, between the axis of the stripa with the letter A and the to that relevant point in time representing the position detector Point 27 coincidence exists

If there is no correction, printing will take place on execution under these circumstances not in the right place 23, but in a place whose center is through the Point 29 is indicated. Such a location does not lie exactly on that of the point 28, that is to say of the instantaneous center of rotation from the vertical drawn at the time in question, but shifted slightly to the right, since the Slide moves at a speed Y- during hammer action, this speed in general but not sufficient to compensate for the lateral displacement

If, on the other hand, the time of arousal changes appropriately a correction time t is delayed, it is possible * dea To get an impression in the right place 23, albeit with a very slight incline

In the case of a mathematically precise formula, the correction time to be made is determined with the aid of the equation ι

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where t is the correction time, Y is the circumferential speed of the character element, d ^ the shift in advance of the center of rotation of the type carrier compared to the correct test position, t is the point in time at which there is coincidence between the character to be printed and the position detector, and t is the time of action of the electromagnet ⁷ m

There are several ways to go about the the above formula to bring about the necessary correction defined » For example, d .. and V ^ can be used as a function of the Time can be expressed by starting from the point in time to which the slide begins its movement from a correct pressure position · Bas means that the regularity of the carriage movement is known, and assuming a good repetition in the behavior of the pressure carriage, as is possible by a suitable choice of the drive devices and the control circuits, the Correction as a function of the time elapsed since the start-up time from the immediately preceding reset to undertake

Bas means that in this "all a compensatory folding is provided" which brings about a _{correction t Q based exclusively on the time measurement} Spaces or one on the tataäeh-; borrowed measure of the displacement d- and the speed V ₁ , ι optionally combined with a time measurement, "" perform static compensation ·

The preferred solutions for realizing it are below described in detail

Ea is appropriate here as a conclusion to the given general information about some secondary phenomena de suggested pressure control procedure a * u remember *

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Above all, the print hammer must have such transverse dimensions the printing of a character on two each other i. allow neighboring places. About simultaneous printing To avoid two adjacent characters, it is therefore necessary to attach the characters to their holder to be attached with sufficient spacing. i

Alternatively, with front printing, it is possible to use two hammers from ·>

matching width and overlapping with a! type carrier f

of the type shown in FIG. 3, that is to say with

a character element in which each stripe of the J

Character element at the end and alternately on two different rows has a thickening, each of which consists of * finally cooperates with one of the two hammers

Second, when the font is printed, the Movement of the printing carriage bringing about the printing time correction a possible oblique character imprint

Such an inclination is dependent on the angle of rotation of the type \

carrier that depends needed the mistake to withdrawing \

correct window shift out of print position, and 1

it is for a group of over 60, to the extent '»

of the characters elements arranged in a distributed manner;

do not sign so significantly that they significantly affect the print quality \

impaired · j

However, it is obvious that such an oblique | position by using cylindrical or conical | Type carriers, such as those shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, for example are, or correct or reduce by using band- or chain-shaped type carriers shown in FIG. 6 leaves"

The correction system for the time of printing requires a good one Repetition in the behavior of the print carriage during its movement

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As an example, "in the first hypothesis can be assumed, that each step of the carriage is carried out in a constant period of time T «10 ms, during which for the slide accelerates with a constant acceleration a * 0.1 ms "for the first 5 ms and for the remaining 5 ms is braked with the help of an equal and opposite deceleration »

The values given as an example are actually applied or are very close to those used by many mail mergers the same type occur, namely when achieving the movements both with the help of gradual working Motors as well as low inertia motors such as printed circuit motors.

With the specified values, the slide leads with everyone Step out a movement of 2.5 mm approximately equal to 1/10 ", which is the most common spacing between typewriters and high-speed printers used for data processing systems between adjacent printing positions is

With this simple assumption, it is possible to achieve the distance-time ratio for the sehlitten, and it is thus very easy to use the integral theorem that already has given equation and its solution shows to calculate.

In the most general case it is always possible, at least determine experimentally which correction to make. Pig. 7 illustrates the course in the form of a diagram the acceleration (diagram a), the speed (diagram b) and the distance as a function of time (diagram c). The axis of the abscissa and the horizontal line e) indicate the distance between on the axis of the ordinates two consecutive print positions

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The diagram d) shows the pressure correction to be carried out in relation to the horizontal line e), expressed as a distance, that is, the quantity _{already indicated with t ß · ν »}

The same Pigur gives a simple graphical construction, which makes it possible to add diagram d) from the diagram of the distances and from the other associated parameters obtain"

If t .. is the general point in time at which that is the case printing characters-determining time control signal occurs, then corresponds to that of the at this point in time Slide assumed position in the distance diagram o) the point A *

If t "is the action time of the print hammer for, for example Is 1 ms, then it effectively corresponds to one at the time of printing

position taken to point B · j

For point B a vertical line is drawn so that it meets the horizontal line e) in 0 and the axis of the abscissa in D »

The DE section is used as an example for making Correction time is considered to be the same as a whole printing step.

The intersection F of the line connecting the points 0 and E determines the section GF representing the correction time t _c necessary to make a correction equal to dta time interval CG, so that correct printing takes place exactly when the position of the carriage is represented by point F. and the correction to be made at time t- is determined by section I - H, where H is the intersection of a horizontal line drawn through G and F with that from

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t ₁ drawn vertical line is · The correction curve d) can thus easily be built up from points like point

8 shows the correction curve for the sample case already mentioned and shows how such a curve, with excellent approximation, can consist of the broken line IM Έ 0 P, in which the slope of the line LM is equal to that of the line NO. Reversed the line OP is horizontal

The broken line can pass through if it is closely approached; a broken line with steps of equal height and changeable width can be replaced. That means that the Correction can be made in an interrupted manner without significant errors · This leads to the possibility of being considered preferred alternative to analogue circuits to use digital technologies and circuits

This is apparently done for reasons of consistency with the other logic circuits controlling the printer

Fig. 8 shows, for example, that the height of the individual, the steps forming the broken line is equal to 1/32 of the printing step, which corresponds to about 0.08 mm, while the width of the steps themselves about 210 / us in the section with greater steepness and 420 / us in the sections with lower steepness is

The maximum difference between the broken correction step line and the exact curve does not exceed a tenth of a millimeter and is for practical use completely irrelevant

Pig 9 shows the logical connection by means of a bloofc diagram, which is used »to make the necessary corrections with the help of the preferred executionafor»

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The time control device assigned to the type carriers Incoming signals are fed to a logic comparison circuit 52 via input 50 · Via input 51 A code corresponding to the characters to be printed is applied to the same comparison circle

If the with the help of the arriving from the time control device Gode generated signals with the character code matches, the logic circuit 52 transmits via the output 53 a coincidence signal which is used to set the correction circuits and then to control the printing process

The correction circuits schematically consist of an oscillator 54, a counter 55 and a decoder circuit 56 - 57

The oscillator is designed to operate in accordance with the conditions given by the decoding circuit 57 and the coincidence signal when it is applied with different and suitable frequencies, the oscillator starts to oscillate Start signal, which is applied to input 58 at the same time as the printing carriage starts up, and generates a Pulse sequence which causes the counter from a fixed initial state, which according to FIG. 8, for example, the Corresponds to decimal code 2, except for a state corresponding to decimal code 5

7 / if the counter output represents a decimal code, the 5 exceeds or is equal to 5, the decoding circuit 57 applies a signal to the oscillator which is its oscillation frequency changes and, for example, doubles it according to Pig · 8 »

As a result, the counter continues to count up to a decimal code 27 corresponding to a certain doubled speed Was standing"

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At this point the decoding circuit no longer holds that the frequency changing signal upright so that the oscillator returns to its original frequency until the Counter that corresponds to the decimal code 32 or 00 achieved·

Then the De coding circuit 56 to the oscillator a stop signal applied to stop him

If: after the counter has reached the level corresponding to the decimal code 32nd, the coincidence is sent to the oscillator - signal is applied, it means that the carriage the pressure position; reached or almost reached asked and none Print correction is necessary "

The same coincidence signal arriving from the output 53 becomes iesfialfe is transmitted to output 59 via the Becoding circuit 57 and causes the electromagnet to be excited.

If vice versa; the coincidence signal is applied while the oscillator is in operation, its frequency is changed in an appropriate manner and causes the counter when appropriate Speed continues up to the level corresponding to the decimal code 32

Only then does the decoding circuit generate a signal for excitation the pressure electromagnet to

In spite of this, the counter introduces a delay in the pressure signals equal to t _c - where N is the counter reading at the time the coincidence signal was applied to the oscillator and f the changed oscillation frequency »

.If, for example, the circumferential speed of the character element T «4 m / sec, then the required counting

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frequency f must be such that when counting from 0 to 32 brings about a correction of 2.5 mm, ie.

32 4> 32 _

2.5. 1Q "" ⁵ 2.5. 1Q ~ ³

_{51 # 000}

Under these counting conditions, therefore, the pulse repetition period must be 19.6yus at a peripheral speed T = 3.80 m / sec can be brought to exactly 21 / as can, ie. to one tenth of the period with which the correction is brought to the Indian

This easily achievable speed compensation allows the use of a pulse generator with constant frequency, to the appropriate digital frequency divider, d # h · counter, follow, even in the event that the peripheral speed of the type carrier must be higher, for example V = 5 a / sec is sufficient so that the generator period is a number of the period contained several times without a remainder, with which the correction is made changeable

This solution is assumed, for example, in the diagram of FIG. 10, which is still in a synthetic manner, however shows the error correction circuit in greater detail »

Fig. 10 shows the entire printing device denoted by 101. The printing device is operated with the aid of an electronic Control unit 100 of known type operated from the central unit of an electronic data processing system or can consist of a specific "control" unit for the printing device ·

The connection between the control unit and the printing device is made with the help of a group of lines for the output

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Exchange of signals, commands and information that are in its entirety is called "interface" · The division between control unit and peripheral circuit shown here obviously serves as an example, since the Special electronic circuit technology and elements shown here in the device in the control unit can be built in »

In the example described, the interface between the control unit and the printer circuit comprises a control line. device 102, on the step pulses, i. the movement of the printing device impulses causing the print line are transmitted via a line group or data channel 103 that the characters to be printed are transmitted in binary code and with continuous signals

A line 104 is assigned to the data channel in order to enable the identification of the characters to be printed

In other words, the character code is represented by the Printing device 101 will only be considered if it is supported by a suitable signal present on line 104 is accompanied

2 lines 105 and 107 complete the interface The first 105 is used to notify the control unit with a pulse from the printing device when a The printing process is carried out effectively

The same signal is used by the printing device, in order to direct the impression via the line 106 and to start the subsequent operations from the control unit permit·

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The line 107 is used to connect the control unit 100 to transmit a notifying pulse signal when a step operation has been completed · Such a signal becomes generated by a position detector T, which is assigned to the motor group M, the displacement of the printing device 108 causes · The start signal for a step process is sent with the help of line 102 to the block R schematically Equalization circuit shown applied

This circuit causes the motor M to start and that Compensating its operation according to a predetermined law, for example with constant acceleration and delay via the power supply lines 109 »The position detector or" pickup "110 assigned to the type carrier, which is kept in constant motion, is arranged on the printing carriage characters found in correspondence generate an impulse

The consequence of the writing impulse is with the help of the line 111 applied to the coding counter 112, which, by continuing to count according to a predetermined regularity, to its outputs 113 generate a binary code corresponding to the various characters »

In addition to this, the position detector generates a zero or jerk signal which is used to identify the first character of the lyric carrier or a precisely defined position of him to investigate·

This pulse is also applied to counter 112 via line 114 and causes it to be reset.

The characters to be printed are created via the data channel 103 and the outputs 113

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Binary code or the binary code of the one that appears in front of the print hammer Characters to the comparison circuit 115. The two codes are compared with one another and, if if they match, a pulse is sent on line 116 of the compare circuit output.

So far the whole thing is conventional and state-of-the-art known in the art and has therefore only been described very briefly »With conventional printers, such an impulse used to operate the pressure solenoid.

According to the invention, however, such a pulse is generated with the aid of the circuit elements is appropriately delayed, and the progress is further described with reference to FIG.

The with the help of the line 102 of the test circuit B. of the engine The impulse supplied to initiate a step process is transmitted via lines 117 or 118, 119 to a logic element a bistable memory or a "flip-flop" 120 and to a pulse counter register designed to count from 1 to 32 121 created

The same pulse is sent through the UICHT logic circuit 122 transmitted and blocks the input of the AND circuit 123, so that on the output line 124 no signal of the logical Level 1 is available »Line 124 is with the rear position inputs 125 and 126 of flip-flop 120 and counter 121 respectively connected

In this way, when the pulse signal initiates the stepping operation, the flip-flop circuit 120 is operated of the pulse applied to input 127 and, in the absence of the signal at Hucksteile input 125, to the "set" state while the counter 121 is set by the action of the applied to the "preset" input 128 of the counter 121

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Pulse and "if there is no signal at the reset input is set to a predetermined "preset" state

This means that on line 129 of the output also Flip-flop circuit 120 a persistent signal of the logic level 1 is made while to the through the exit channel

130, a form of continuous signal occurs which corresponds to a previously fixed binary code representing, for example, the decimal number% »

The signal present on line 129 is sent to the control input a pulse generator 131 be applied and effected Start *

The pulses generated by the G-eneratcr are fed to the input of a frequency divider circuit 132 which divides the frequency of the generated pulses, for example, by ten ^;

? / irkt _$ and applied to the logical UHD circuit 133

The pulses coming from the frequency divider 132 are on the input of a further division by two further frequency divider 134 and to the logical AND circuit 135 applied · The coming from the frequency divider 134 Pulses are applied to the MD logic circuit 136 »j

The group of the logical AND circuit elements 133 »i

135, 136, the logical ETICHT circuit elements 137, 138 j

and logical OR circuit element 139 constitutes one Circuit which, depending on the occurrence of certain states at the input 140 of the counter 121, a pulse train j

with a frequency equal to the whole frequency of the generator

131 or divided by ten or divided by twenty

Such pulses cause the counter 121 to count with varying

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changeable speed. The the counting speed changing conditions consist of two signals applied with the help of lines 141 and 142.

At the line 141 there is a coincidence between the code of the character to be printed and that of the actual character in print only then Logic level 1 signal on when the permission signal applied to line 104 of the interface is present is · If these conditions are met, the output of the logical AND circuit 143 is initially applied bistable circuit in the "reset" state 144 a "sef pulse, which is stored

The output of the flip-flop 144 applies a continuous level to the line 141, which opens the AND gate circuit 133, so that the whole frequency of the generator 131 via the OR circuit 139 is applied to the counter 121 »

At the same time, the reverse is blocked by the NOT circuit 137 Output signal from the flip-flop 144 the AND gates 135 and 136

On the line 142 is only for certain due to the decoder circuit 145 recognized output forms of the counter a signal of logic level 1 is present

In the example given, these forms correspond to the decimal numbers 2, 3, 4, 5 and 27, 28, 29, 30 »31.

If a signal of the logic level 1 is present on the line 142, the logic AND gate circuit 136 is opened, while the logic circuit 135 is blocked

The reverse occurs for the output sf ο rmen of the counter corresponding to the numbers between 6 and 2 $

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If the shape of the signals coming from the counter 121 corresponds to 00, the output of the decoder circuit 146 appears a signal »sent over lines 149 and 150 to the AND gate circuit en 123 and 147 is created »

If there is no step pulse command on line 102 is, this signal is transmitted via the gate circuit 123, whereby it blocks the counter 121 by responding to its "reset" input 126 acts »

It also blocks the pulse generator 131 because it is the flip-flop 120 resets to its "reset" state ·

The same signal applied to AND gate 147 enables in the presence of the incoming signal from the flip-flop circuit, the transmission of a command signal of the pressure solenoid via line 106 and pressing "in execution phase" into the control unit the boundary line 105

The output signal from AND gate 147 is on Pulse signal, since it is applied via line 151 to the delay circuit 148, which can consist of a monostable circuit, the output of which is the resetting of the plip-flop circuit 144 causes

The operation of the logic circuit described above is briefly as follows:

Case A: Printing when the step process has been carried out completely In this case, the start of a step process is controlled via line 102

At the same time, the flip-flop circuit 120 is set, the counter 121 is preset, and the pulse generator 131 is running·

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The counter 121 therefore counts from the level representing the number 2 to that representing the number 5 at the minimum speed Stand further

at this point the OTD gate circuit 136 is blocked and the gate circuit 135 is opened, the counter counting at double speed until the number 27 represents Level is reached

At this point the gate circuit 135 is blocked and the gate circuit 136 is opened again, the counter at minimum speed counts down and stops at retirement OO

At the same time, a continuous signal on the line 149 shows that the stepping process has been carried out under the control of the compensation circuit R and that the printing device stops in the position ₉ in which the printing of a character is to be carried out.

When the desired character changes as a result of the orbital movement of the type carrier is in the printing position, the comparison circuit 115 sends a signal which is via the Gate circuit 147 is transmitted, the print command on line 105 being given essentially without delay will·

gall Bi printing during the execution of the step operation In this case the comparison circuit sends out a positive signal while the counter 121 is still counting

This signal is stored in the flip-flop 144, the output of which changes the counting speed of the counter 121 and causes it at by the pulse generator 131 immediately imposed maximum speed counts until retirement 00

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Such a level is reached with a delay, which obviously depends on the intermediate level from which a rapid counting begins _β

Only when the level OO is reached, the printing of the characters is ordered.

In the preceding description, the possible use of the execution time was illustrated with the aid of the diagram according to FIG a step in making the correct character imprint proven"

It should be noted, however, that the operation of the device can be improved by a few simple improvements »

It is obvious that it * insofar as the printing of a Character in a previously set printing position takes place »before the printing device reaches this position and it is still in the acceleration phase, it is completely useless to brake the device and keep it in the To stop the pressure position and then to start up again immediately.

On the other hand, it is advantageous to let them continue to run at constant speed until the position in which the printing has taken place is exceeded and to make the imprint in the subsequent printing position in order to stop them there or at constant speed in accordance with the point in time that the new print can be made to continue running. Under these circumstances, the establishment, at press time correction can be using one of he sehriebenen circuit corresponding circuit achieve "

This can be done with awake preparation of the correction diagram achieve the same circuit already described below

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the prerequisite that at the beginning of the following step the counter 121 of one, for example, the decimal number 0 other pre-set status from starts *

The printing device prepared for this mode of operation is shown in Fig. 11

It should be noted that all of those already described and shown in FIG The illustrated logic circuits and elements are present with the addition of the following:

Interface ι It has one of the control unit to Additional conduit 200 running through the printing device for controlling the constant movement of the printing device and two Lines 201, 202 for the signal from the device into the control unit. The line 201 is used for feeding a pulse signal which notifies the control unit that the character is printed in the course of the acceleration phase and that therefore a braking of the printing device is not necessary »

Line 202 is used to supply a signal which at the same time determines the point in time at which the control unit decides whether the printing device will continue moving at constant speed or while braking must, and thus has the effect of maintaining or eliminating it of the signal present on line 200

Correction circuit: It has an additional decoding circuit 203 for identifying the number 22 representing Counter output status and an additional AND gate circuit 204 on

The counter 121, although not explained in more detail, has been modified internally so that it has an additional via the input 205 Signal that picks it up together with the to the

109837/1017 -27-

Input 128 applied pre-assigned signal to a die Number 10 sets the initial state »

The line 200 applies to the compensation circuit R for the Speed of the motor M to a signal that the displacement of the printing device at constant speed over the entire space between the central axes of two successive printing positions and up to the limit if the signal is continuously present, the further shifting at constant speed causes

The same signal is applied to input 205 of counter 121 ( · The decoder circuit 203 delivers on the line 206 a pulse every time the counter 121 receives an at * For example, the decimal number 22 assumes a pre-determined starting status

This pulse is applied to an input of the AND gate circuit 204 and is only transmitted to the output on the line 201 when a signal arriving from the flip-flop 144 is applied to the second input of the gate circuit 204 ·; That is, a pulse is only transmitted via the line 201, when a printing operation is set in the course of Besehleunigungsphase the printing device I · ⁽

Until the output signal of the flip-flop 144 acts on the I.

Changing the counting speed of the counter exists!

an exact match between the initial meter reading.

and the amount currently occupied by the printing device Position,

If the initial reading of the counter corresponds to the decimal number 22, the point in time is very close to which normally * ' the braking phase of the device begins »Therefore it is when ' the output from flip-flop 144 on line 141

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occurs before the counter reaches this level and the braking phase has not yet been reached, possible the Allow the counter to continue running quickly to level 22, whereupon a pulse is fed on line 201.

If, on the other hand, the output signal from flip-flop 144 occurs on line 141 after the counter has reached 22 has reached, of course, no pulse is transmitted on line 201.

The operation of the device is as follows:

The control unit supplies a step command via line 102. The printing device is moved and the counter 121 preset (output code equal to 3).

The pulse generator 131 starts up and the control unit sends the code of the character to be printed on channel 103 to.

If there is coincidence between the characters on the type carrier and the characters to be printed before the counter has counted on to the form of the code 22, a signal is supplied on the line 201 and the printing caused by a suitable delay.

The control unit picks up the signal on line 201 and decides to carry out the following operations

If no further characters are to be printed, no further signal is fed to the device, and the compensation circuit H of the motor stops the motor itself and the printing device.

If, on the other hand, another character is to be printed,

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leads the control unit as soon as possible and somehow, but not after receiving a braking start signal via the Line 202, via line 200 a command for the constant movement to <>

In this way, the printing device moves forward at constant speed * When the printing position (in Yfelcher the imprint has already been made) is crossed, leads the printing device and more precisely the position detector T on the line 107 a signal, when Record a new step command on the control unit Line 102 supplies, the counter 121 prepared at a preset value corresponding to the code 10 and on the Channel 103 feeds another font character code

Insofar as there is still coincidence between the characters to be printed and the one in the course of the even movement phase the printing device in the printing position Characters, the printing device continues to move forward at a constant speed

If this occurs with a delay, i.e. after the position detector T on the line 102 is supplied with a signal which indicates half a step, or, if no further characters are to be printed, will the signal for the constant movement removed from the line 200 and the printing device braked

In this way, there is a double benefit of further increasing the average speed of pressing and achieved a movement that is subject to only a small number of acceleration and deceleration loads is·

According to the preferred embodiment described above

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is based solely on a time measurement Mention correction »

However, it is clear that, as already mentioned, the correction also applies to others, possibly in the same way with one another Way based on combined parameters and also another circuit design can be used.

In particular, it is clear that the position detector T in addition to the each of the position of the printing device after completion of each step process determining pulses also pulses can supply, which determine a suitable number of intermediate positions, each of which a certain correction of the Iteration time corresponds to

For example, the pulses generated by the detector circuit can be a counter circuit such as the counter circuit 121 can count according to a suitable law, overloading the pulse generator with the task, the To let the counter continue counting quickly to the next status and thus allow a variable delay produce·

If between the last proposed solution and the one before solution lying solutions can be used intermediate pulses of the position detector T to the Counters impose predetermined states on by the pulse generator for counting at a variable rate is brought »

In this way, possible errors as a result of changes in the speed acceleration and in the step towards the fourth, for those with the counter readings Match is established, correct

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Changes in the Working frequency of the pulse generator caused possible Correct shifts.

This correction system is apparent with reference to FIGS. 12 and 15 described.

Pig. 12 shows in diagram form the course of the steps as a function of time and the steps to be taken at the time of printing corresponding corrections ", which are already expressed in step designations in FIGS. 7 and 8 ·

Diagram c) shows the step-time relationship "normal" conditions, i.e. a pre-planned average behavior of the print carriage

The time it takes to complete a step is for example 10 ms

Diagram d) shows the corresponding approximate curve of the corrections to be made

Now suppose that for some reason (excessive Acceleration or "deceleration" pair, decrease in transition resistances) the movement of the print carriage faster and is executed in 9 ms, for example

In this case it is the carriage movement Step-time diagram given by curve C)

The corresponding curve of the corrections to be made is indicated by the diagram d ^f ), whereby - as illustrated here - there are considerable shifts compared to the correction curve d) based exclusively on the time measurements.

109837/1017 ~ ³² ~

The change in the correction curve d) in order to approximate it to the correct curve d ^f ) in a way that is possible for ventilation is achieved by directly checking the steps carried out by the printing carriage. Fig. 12 shows that in normal or average operation (execution time for a step of 10 ms) for a step fraction of 7 »5 fo the reading taken by the counter used for the correction corresponds to the decimal number 6»

In the same way, the executed step fractions equal 30 f £, 50 $> or * 70 fa the decimal numbers. 16, 20 or 25 display readings of the counter »

When the movement of the sled in a below average time occurs, a counter reading of 5 instead of 6 corresponds to the time fraction of 7.5 5 ^ *

Ea iat possible, however, from the in Pig · 10 and 11 already position detector labeled T for such an executed Step fraction to supply the counter 121 with a signal which sets it to the level representing the number 6 hires »

Correspondingly, for the executed step fraction of 30 fa, 50 fo or 70 fo, other signals arriving from the position detector T can each set the counter to a value corresponding to the number 16, 20 or 25, regardless of the counter specified actual status, which can be more or less »

Therefore curve d) is changed to curve d "), which is ^{much better approximated for the sample case of the correct correction curve d f} ). It is evident that with the help of such a method it is possible to

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Shifts as well as the erroneous shifts opposite to correct a planned average behavior and also possible frequency errors of the pulse generator »

Figo. 13 shows schematically one with inputs for the mentioned ones Counter circuit provided with setting signals and also, in more detail, that in FIGS. 10 and 11 already with 121 designated counter block,

The counter block 121 consists of six cascaded in the usual way bistable or flip-plop circuits 304, 305, 306, 307, 308 and 309.

The pulses that activate the counter are sent to the time control input or "clock" of the first flip-flop circuit 304 is applied via the line 140, it being assumed that that the logic circuit already described is present in front of the line 140.

The counter block is supplemented by a certain number of OR gates provided with the reference numerals 310 to 318, which allow it to be connected to the various "EINSTEIL" and "RUCKSTELL" inputs of the flip-hops via the inputs 128, 126, 205, 300, 301, 302, 303 incoming signals.

The outputs of the various flip-flops form a group of six already designated by 130 in FIGS. 10 and 11 Cables"

The input 126 is used to reset the counter The signal present at this input is sent via the OR circuits 310 ... »315 to the reverse input all flip-flops forming the counter are applied

The input 128 is used to set the counter to a value representing the decimal code 2 »The to the

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~ 34 -

Input 128 (after a reset signal) applied signal sets the flip-flop 305 to the OR circuit 316 SETTED state on

The electronic signals present at output 130 therefore represent that of the decimal number 2 under this condition corresponding binary code 000010

Correspondingly, a signal applied to the input 205 sets the flip-flop 305 via the OR circuit 316 as well as the Flip-flop 307 immediately goes to the EIlJGESTELLiIiI state.

The electronic signals present at output 130 therefore represent that of the decimal number 10 under this condition corresponding binary code 001010

The task of these three inputs has already been described in detail with reference to FIGS. 10 and 11.

In addition to these inputs and for the purpose of changing the counter reading to correct possible shifts There are inputs 300, 301, 302 and in the behavior of the print carriage compared to the previously set behavior 303

A pulse applied to input 300 sets flip-flop 305 via OR circuit 316 and flip-flop 306 via the OR circuit 317, while the flip-flops 304-, 307, 308, 309 via the OR circuits 310, 313, 314 or 315 resets.

Under these conditions, the counter assumes an electrical state which, at output 130, is a group of that of the decimal number 6 signals representing binary code 000110 delivers

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It should be noted that the inputs 301, 302, 303 Impacts the counter in a corresponding manner previously set states so that the output signals the Represent decimal numbers 16, 20, 25

The pulses applied to inputs 300 ..... 303 come as is well known from the position detector to which the print carriage movement is assigned to the steering motor

It goes without saying that the number of inputs used as well as the electrical status that the counter has at these inputs existing impulses are impressed »accordingly special Needs or to achieve better accuracy can be changed and increased and that it as a borderline case, as already mentioned, it is possible to use the counter through the action of the incoming from the position detector To let impulses tell a long story if the resolution of the detector is sufficient for the compensation accuracy to be achieved is high

Obviously the counter will always be such that it is under the control of an independent oscillator during the correction phase of the printing time counts at high speed, which is ensured during this phase must be that a possible supply of incoming pulses from the position detector to the counter is prevented will.

In the above-described solution, therefore, one is based on the actual amount of the carriage displacement based correction made.

Finally, with the help of more refined solutions, it is possible to measure the steps carried out, the Speed and accelerations and

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Use correction circuits based on such measurements without thereby departing from the scope of the invention and deviating from its task »

It should also be noted that in the example described, the sighting of the character shift on the type carrier and in accordance with the printing positions hypothetically as progressive, i.e. assumed in printing sequence from one printing position to the next printing position became·

However, the character movement can also be considered regressive can be chosen without the above considerations losing their validity. Also in this "case the" offsett "knows Correction made by bringing about suitable delays in the printing time v / earth »

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Claims (2)

P ate η ΐ a nsprohe; S ¹ End working serial printer, in which a type carrier is kept in active movement in such a way that, when the characters are moved in correspondence with the printing cell, it brings different characters into the printing position essentially parallel to the printing line, with the type carrier is arranged on a printing carriage which is moved into successive printing positions during a movement independent of the movement of the type carrier, characterized by detector means (15, T) which are firmly connected to the printing carriage (5) in order to determine the position of the type carrier (3 ) with respect to the detector means, by processing means (115) to process the information and to compare the processed information with a code of the character to be printed, and by variable time control means to independently carry out the printing processes at appropriate times at the appropriate printing positions from the momentary division of the D backslide. 2. Printer according to claim 1, characterized in that the variable time control means comprises a clock pulse generator (131) and a pulse counter (121), which at the beginning of each Movement process of the printing carriage (5) aua Start printing position in the next one, and switching means included the counting frequency of the counter according to a predetermined regularity and as a function of signals generated by the processing means (115) in accordance with that by the detector means (T) of the type carrier (3) to change the information recorded MB / Hf - 22 535 109837/1017 Blank page