DE2101124A1 - Underwater device - Google Patents

Description

Dr.-Ing. STRONG
Dipl.-ln.g- BONSMANN

Patent attorneys
Krefeld 1, MoerserStr. 140

70 413

Jan. 7, 1971

THE WATER AND SEDIMENT CONTROL COMPANY (PROPRIETARY) LTD. 199, Eloff Street, Extension, Johannesburg, South Africa

Underwater device

The invention relates to underwater devices for regulating the water and / or sediment flow in reservoirs, Rivers, canals, other watercourses or at the sea for the purpose of wave damping, flow regulation, the creation of a stable sandbank, the prevention of leaching or the protection of those laid under water Pipelines.

The subject of the invention is an underwater device consisting of a number of locks, which _{stand with respect to the sighting of the flow or the water movement with Ab 7} are arranged from each other, each lock having a water-resistant locking body, an anchoring for the locking body and a floating body which is connected to the blocking body, holds it in an upright position and counteracts its horizontal displacement, which is caused by the respective water movements,

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The barriers can be arranged so that they do not reach the surface of the water. This can be done the device according to the invention also in open waters use on which flotsam or floating debris can be found is or on which shipping or viassersport is operated will. The devices according to the invention are also suitable for watercourses that lead to a reservoir and contain settling agents. The devices prevent the entrainment of coarse silt, often debris called, as well as of fine floating debris, often called suspended solids, so that in the end result significant fewer floating debris get into the reservoir.

The flexible barrier body can consist of permeable or impermeable material, such as from plastic foils or from woven or non-woven overlay material. The material can be a thermoplastic such as polyethylene. It can be floating or non-floating, depending on the buoyancy strength of the material has an influence on the buoyancy of the floating bodies connected to the blocking bodies must give. The thermoplastic flexible material can be made on an extruder, such as flexible foils, flexible films or flexible tubes. When using a flexible hose you can accommodate other parts of the barrier in it, namely the anchorage and / or the float. to For this purpose, tubular bulges for receiving the anchoring can be provided on both ends of the locking body

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or the float are provided.

The flexible operating body can consist of a modified one ίlach hose, the modification of which consists in that a transverse it-ear was worked into its lower land is that picks up the anchoring. The same precaution can be used in other places on the locking body Recording of a float was hit.

The anchorage can consist of an anchored rope, cable or similar Cr ^ on, which is attached to at least one uewicht is attached. any other mechanical or exploding anchor devices are used.

ver floating body can consist of ball-shaped material, such as foam, or can contain one or more hollow bodies. If cellular or foamed material is used, it can be enclosed in an oack.

The anchorage can consist of a finished cast organ that is sufficient for the abrasion on its .Boaen Offers resistance. The cast anchors preferably have the shape of a spherical cap and can have a recess on their loden to allow suction to increase adhesion to the ground. Optionally, protrusions on the cast can also be used for better adhesion Anchors are provided.

The flexible blocking bodies can be used to inhibit the natural

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Union water flow contain permeable sections, and it has been found that such permeable sections the anchorage is less stressed than impermeable sections.

Regarding another aspect of the invention, the barrier bodies can consist wholly or partially of permeable material, the area of which prevents the passage of water making up less than 50% to 10% of the total cross-sectional area, the degree of permeability being determined according to the intended purpose. In particular, the close dependency between the flow velocity of the water, the degree of permeability of the flexible barrier bodies and the buoyancy of the floating bodies must be taken into account.

The flexible barrier bodies can contain permeable sections made of plastic or rubber-based material, such as perforated or foamed films.

According to another aspect of the invention, in the interests of the strength and durability of the flexible barrier body, however, it is advantageous to provide it with permeable sections which are preferably made of a woven fabric or a woven fabric. The flexible barrier bodies are advantageously made of a non-floating material, such as plastic with a specific weight of more than 1. Polyester and nylon are suitable examples for this.

The floats advantageously have such a strong build-up

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drove that under normal flow conditions of the Water, the deviation of the water-inhibiting organs is not more than 40 ° from the vertical »In order to that the horizontal displacement of the water-blocking organs is not excessive under normal conditions, and in order to ensure adequate elastic resilience, it is advisable to keep the locking body at a distance to be arranged from each other in vertical rows that interact with each other and are connected to floating bodies are.

The invention will now be based on exemplary embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings described in more detail.

JEiS show

irig.1 is a partially broken away perspective view of a portion of a barrier constituting an underwater device in accordance with the present invention; 2 shows a modified lock in a perspective view; { Fig. 3 shows a further modified lock in a perspective view;

4 shows a device according to the invention in perspective Opinion;

5 shows a further device according to the invention in perspective Opinion;

6 devices according to the invention, which are in natural, watercourses leading to a reservoir are built in, in top view;

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.?, 8, 9, 10 and 11 parts of the main watercourse of 6 in a schematic cross section showing the stepwise effects of the devices according to the invention;

Fig.12, 13 and 14- devices according to the invention, the are introduced into the water immediately in front of a beach bank, in cross-section;

Fig. ^ Another lock as a component of the invention Device, in perspective view; Fig. 16 a further, modified lock as a component the device according to the invention, in a perspective view;

17 shows a lock as part of the inventive Device in a schematic side view showing its displacement;

FIG. 18 shows a further lock in the same view as FIG. 17; 19 shows another lock as part of the inventive Device, in perspective view; Fig.20a and 20b interconnected locks in sche-φ matic representation;

Fig. 21 a device for protecting a body in the bottom of the water stuck stake from abrasion, in perspective view; Fig. 22 a device for protecting a laid under water Pipeline, in perspective view; 25 shows a lock as part of a shaft damping device, in perspective view; 24 shows a modified lock in a perspective view ; and

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25 shows a flow regulation system according to the invention, in plan.

In the drawings, the same parts are identified by the same reference numerals.

The lock shown in Fig.1 consists of a flexible one water-resistant blocking body 1, an anchorage and a floating body 4-, In this embodiment there is the barrier body made of a thermoplastic, flexible material such as polyethylene, which is buoyant is, so that the buoyancy of the float need only be low.

The water-resistant barrier body is made of polyethylene of low specific weight and contains advantageous Soot as protection against the effects of the sun, which is to be expected when used in sewers and reservoirs.

Ls lies on the edge that one depends on the desired Block width either increase the width of the blocking body or several narrow blocking bodies next to each other can arrange as shown in l'ig.3. The thermoplastic flexible polyethylene that makes up the locking body according to Figure 1, is injected as a flat hose and shaped so that it can accommodate parts of the anchorage and the float. The flat hose is used for this purpose at one end with a visual loop 7 for recording an anchoring cable 8 is provided, which is weighted over the hook 10 with a concrete block 9. A clamp in The shape of an injection molding 11 is used in the practical

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turned over the loop 7 cLes flat hose, to create a firm connection between the anchoring cable and the locking body. At the top of the The blocking body expands the flat hose to accommodate the floating body; it forms a sack 12 around the Float and is closed at the top.

The floating body 4 consists of buoyant cellular Material, such as foamed polystyrene, in a sealed polyethylene bag that is inserted into the flat tube is inserted. The welds 13 and 14 hold the sack in its position. The buoyancy that the material has to achieve the desired elastic rebound and the limited angular deviation of the locking body of the vertical must have, depends on the conditions under which the invention Device is used; the greater the flow velocity of the water, the greater the buoyancy must be be.

In the arrangement according to FIG. 2, the blocking body 1 consists made of thermoplastic material in the form of a polyethylene film 15 · At the top of the film 15 is located a closed sack 16 which is formed by the weld seams 17 and which receives the float. At the other At the end of the film, another weld seam is provided in such a way that a loop 18 for receiving the Anchoring cable 8 forms. This figure clearly shows that the foamed polystyrene float 20 initially is even in a closed bag 19, the

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in turn enclosed by the sack on the upper edge of the film will.

FIG. 3 illustrates a barrier made up of a plurality of anchored barrier bodies, each consisting of a flat tube which encloses an anchorage at the bottom and a floating body at the top. In this! 'All the anchoring consists of a weight which is enclosed in the shape of a sack at the lower end of the flat hose, and the floating body is accommodated in the same way as illustrated in FIGS.

As shown in Fig.15, the floating bodies 4 and the anchorage 3 be connected to one another in such a way that they float together on the surface of the water. An anchored Cable 22 receives its buoyancy from buoys 23 attached to it and at the same time carries the flat hoses 6, which are provided with transverse tube sections 24 at their upper end for this purpose. The ilach hoses are expediently made of polyethylene and are designed and welded at their lower end so that they can accommodate at 25 weights. For deep water the flat hoses are advantageously made of PVC, since this material is not buoyant and therefore not needs to be weighted so heavily in order to have the necessary elastic springback in the water flow.

5 shows a series of barriers in the settling basin 26 a water supply system · The water inlet is marked with 27, the water outlet with 27a. The locks

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can be designed as in one of the previous ones Illustrations illustrated, and are 'anchored to cables 8, which in turn are attached to the floor of the stretching are. The locks can be shortened at the bottom so that they there above the deposits on the corner floor end, as in 28. This arrangement is intended to ensure that the settling substances are deposited in a controlled manner and that turbulent water movements and thus the churning up of deposited substances are avoided in strong winds.

Fig. 6 shows a reservoir 29 in the form of a 1 al lock, whose closing wall 30 by a lock 31 "as in the previous figures illustrated is protected. Other smaller locks 32 protect the countries the closing wall in order to prevent leaching from that water prevent the reservoir from leaving the reservoir at overflow 33, further locks, such as at 35 », are provided. That The reservoir is fed by a river 36, into which the tributaries 37 and 3 & pour, which carry with them alluvial matter. The flow of water causes washouts of the river at 39 and washouts of the tributaries at 40 and 41 with the result that floating debris is led into the reservoir. Line road bridge 42 leads over the Flow 36. As illustrated in Figure 3, with the locks 43 and 44 according to the invention, the iundamente the bridge 42 or the entire bridge, and with the locks 39, 40 and 41, the washouts can be removed greatly decrease.

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Viie can be seen that they run at a distance from each other arranged barriers always transverse to the direction of the water flow.

The sediments in river 36 and its tributaries 37 and 38 are passed through barriers 4-5, 4-6 and 4-7, respectively 4-8, 4-9, 50, 51 and 52 held up to the water flow and to regulate the deposits as described in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 7-11 and 4- will.

The shaded terrain 53 shown in FIG. 6 becomes time- ™ wise flooded and is therefore provided with the locks 54- in the embodiment of Figure 1 to there a large • to hold back those sediments that would otherwise end up in the reservoir. , Jas site 53 is adjacent Streak of calm Vnassers; therefore the locks are 54- in these strips are introduced, as can be seen in the figure.

The i ig.7-11 show in longitudinal section a stretch of the Iluß-

beds according to Fig.6 between the locks 4-7 and 46 and ™

illustrate the way in which the invention "Devices become effective in the course of time. Fig.7 indicates free-flowing water that flows in the direction of arrow 56 and carries sediment with it. The river bed is covered with a sediment of sediment 57, which spreads in the usual way downstream towards the, Move the reservoir. Above the bed load 57, the flowing water carries with it alluvial matter, which is spread over the course

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the time in the reservoir 29 deposit and thereby cause undesirable effects.

A device according to the invention is introduced in FIG. which here consists of several rows of locks in the embodiment according to Figure 2, the individual rows seen in the direction of flow are arranged one behind the other, and each row is higher than the previous one. The elastic rebound of the first barrier 58 must be strong in rivers with sudden water surges, so that the barrier is quickly erected again after a surge of water. Lan expediently uses as flat as possible Anchor weights, such as those marked in I'ig.1 with 9, to reduce their abrasion. Likewise, the barriers can advantageously end below the surface of the water to prevent damage from floating debris. There are four rows of locks shown in the figures; However, the number of rows can be completely different depending on the type of system.

The first barriers are installed resting on the attachment 57. The upper limit is indicated by 63. By blocking the flow of water, the movement of the bed load is prevented, and additional silt is deposited, so that fewer substances than before are carried into the reservoir . 9 indicates the deposit after a further lapse of time and clearly shows that the deposits have now reached the height 63 and cover the barriers so high that their effect is only weak. Hence one erects

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expediently at the point 46 according to Pig.6 additional locks; these are as row 67 in Pig. 10 shortly after installation shown.

Jig. 11 illustrates the effect of the none 58-61 and of the series 64-67 after a longer period of time. The river bed 57 has risen and assumed a new profile 68 due to the additional deposition of sediment that was stopped on their migration downstream, as well as suspended matter that would otherwise have settled in the reservoir. Through these measures the initiation of solid matter in the reservoir is greatly reduced, thereby increasing the useful life of the reservoir. Of course, care must be taken to ensure that the barriers are placed in suitable places to prevent flooding enter. So it is generally much easier and more economical to break up a bank than mud to remove from a reservoir. There are further barriers at positions 48, 49 and 50 on the site according to FIG intended. In practice it is beneficial to walk along to create the whole river and its tributaries, thereby increasing the useful life at relatively low cost to extend the reservoir significantly.

Fig. 12 shows in profile a beach bank with a partial incline 69, so that there the pelvises 70 strongly break and a recovery of the washed away beach "is very difficult. Fig.13 shows the same shore landscape after the installation of several rows of locks, for example in the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 3 · As in the

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To recognize Pig. 13 and 14, the locks prevent the further leaching of the bank with simultaneous build-up of a new bank profile through the deposition of sediments between the locks.

The locks can be substantially perpendicular to the direction of travel of the shafts are arranged as shown in FIGS. However, you can in certain places can also be arranged at an angle to it, such as at the ends of a bank section that is obtained ^ would like. A similar result can be obtained if only three rows of barriers are properly arranged .

16 shows a modified form of the invention Lock. Your flexible locking body can be designed as shown in the previous figures, or can be made of a tougher polyethylene film 78 with reinforced Eyes 79 exist to receive brass rings 80, which lead at the same time around a rod 81, which over Hook 82 is attached to an anchorage 3. At the upper edge of the film 78, Csen are also provided for receiving of brass rings, which also lead through loops on the float 4. This float can be a good one closed sack filled with expanded polystyrene.

The anchorage here consists of a pre-cast streamlined Concrete block with the approximate shape of a spherical cap. The projections 86 ensure a good

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Stop on the floor on which the anchor rests. Further the concrete block is provided with a channel 88 in which the lower sections cast into the block Hooks.

Based on tests in the flow channel, the dimensions of the flexible blocking body, the floating body and the Coordinate concrete anchors so that even with the highest flow velocity to be taken into account sufficient flexibility is maintained and the anchorages are not moved.

Fig.17 shows a flexible locking body 1, which consists of several interacting sections. With this arrangement, which is advantageous to use in deep water can, one can provide several floating bodies 4-, which are distributed at the height of the locking body with a distance from each other to be ordered.

Figures 17 and 18 illustrate how different shapes be diverted from locks by the water flow.

Fig. 19 shows a pair of interconnected flexible Barrier sections 121, each with a water-resistant body 122 in the form of a polyester fabric with a ^ ■ O ^ e-igen permeability and with a float 123 in the form of a cylinder made of foamed polystyrene, which is in a loop formed on the upper edge of the fabric 122 124 is stuck. At the top and bottom of the fabric are fastening clamps 125 made of a rubber-like material such as poly-

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urethane _t attached so that the sections can be joined together by means of a rope 126. JDuring this, the rope 127 passed through the lower edge of the lowermost section is attached to the anchorage in a manner already described.

It is obvious that the barrier shown in Jig.19 is suitable for all applications described so far and that, depending on the desired barrier height, only one or more than two of the barrier sections mentioned can be used. Furthermore, sections of different permeability can be used in such a composite barrier. In systems according to the invention, which are installed, for example, on opposite banks of a river in order to obtain a self-cleaning water flow in the middle of the river, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 25, the barriers towards the middle of the river can be more permeable than those towards the bank.

Furthermore, for the purpose of wave damping in large water basins or in open water, the flexible blocking body and the floating body at a certain distance be arranged above the anchorage and thus above the ground, which is particularly useful when settling basins are built into water supply systems.

The Fig.20a and 20b show a system with three rows of Lock in water subject to wave action. The barrier rows are half a wavelength apart arranged one to the other and connected to one another by elastic cables or similar organs. It is obvious, that

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in such an arrangement, the wave motion a opposite force generated in the individual locks, so that their lateral deflection "is limited and one can therefore use floats with less buoyancy.

Jig.21 shows a device for protecting an underwater pole 130 against abrasion, consisting of an anchor in the form of a frame with retaining clip I3I, one at This frame is attached to a flexible barrier body made of permeable Material 132 and a floating body 133 'such as foamed polystyrene, which is in a closed Sack is attached to the top of the flexible barrier body. The arrows indicate the direction of flow.

Pig, 22 illustrates a device according to the invention to protect an underwater pipe 140 by means of a holding frame 141, flexible blocking bodies 142 and floating bodies 143. The flexible locking body and the floating body can be designed in one of the forms described so far.

Flg.23 illustrates a lock as part of an Ifcell damping system. Here, the flexible locking body 150 is slidably attached to the anchoring posts 151 by means of weight-loaded collars 152 and the upper member 153 by means of further collars 154.

Fig. 24 shows another lock design with flexible Blocking bodies 161, floating bodies 162 arranged in a distributed manner on these, and anchors 163 in the form of a drill.

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Finally, Fig. 25 illustrates a flow regulation system with rows of barriers on both sides of the river with the purpose of causing sanding at the edges and in To achieve a self-cleaning flow in the middle of the river.

Systems according to the invention with a plurality of rows of locks, which are arranged at a distance from one another Resist currents, are used to regulate water currents and deposits in open waters, on coasts, in rivers and other watercourses as well as in reservoirs with the aim of dampening waves in open waters and reservoirs as well as the creation of stable solid solids banks in the sea, on coasts, in rivers and other watercourses as well as in reservoirs.

A particularly useful form of a device for wave damping according to the invention consists of a pair of locks, the parts of which are connected to one another at the top or near the top in such a way that they have the shape of a Form inverted "V". The barriers can be provided individually or together with floating bodies.

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Claims (1)

Claims 1.J underwater device characterized in that at least two at least partially spaced apart locks are provided and one lock made of a flexible one There is a water-resistant blocking body (1) and an anchor (3) for the blocking body (1) and one with the blocking body has connected floating body (4), which keeps the locking body (1) erected and the water forces counteracts that tend to move the locking body (1) in the horizontal direction. 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the blocking bodies are made of water-impermeable material. 3. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the locking body are made of water-permeable material. 4. Apparatus according to claim 3 »characterized in that the locking body openings of 10 to 80 square millimeters each Have cross-sectional area. 5. Apparatus according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the locking body consists of a wide-meshed plastic fabric exist. '6. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the locking body is made of non- 109839/0183 consist of buoyant material. 7. Device according to änem of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the locking body consist of several interconnected locking body sections. 8. Apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that a floating body is attached to each locking body section is. 9. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the floating body made of buoyant Material. 10. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that the for the individual locking body or locking body sections Certain floats are made of cellular plastic and placed in a closed bag attached to the floating body or floating body portion. 11. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each lock at its lower End is anchored and that the locking body and the floating body float freely. 12. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that between the uppermost edge of each 109839/0183 Lock and the water surface a distance is maintained. 13. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that between the locking body and The floating body of each barrier and the anchoring underneath it is kept a distance. 14. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the locks are substantially rectangular are arranged to the prevailing direction of water flow or movement. 15. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is for the purpose of wave damping or the. Regulation of settling processes is built into a water supply system. 16. The device according to claim 1- 14, characterized in that it is installed in a river or similar watercourse and consists of several rows of barriers that extend from one bank towards the middle of the river. 17. The apparatus according to claim 1-14, characterized in that it is installed in a river or similar watercourse and consists of several rows of barriers that extend from both banks towards the middle of the river, 18. The device according to claim 1-14, characterized in that it is installed in front of a coastal beach. 109839/0183 19. Vorrichtlang according to claim 1-14, characterized in that that it is used to protect an underwater pipeline and at least one barrier on both sides of the pipeline having. 20. Device according to one of claims 1-14, characterized in that that the locks are connected in pairs. 21. Apparatus according to claim 20, characterized in that the locks are connected to one another in such a way that they form the shape of an inverted ¹¹ V ". 22. Underwater device, essentially as on the basis of accompanying drawings are described herein. 109839/0183 Blank page