DE2035956C - Connection of sliding metal liners with the cylinder walls of the cylinder bores of piston engines - Google Patents

Description

The invention concerns the joining of sliding metal liners with the cylinder walls of the cylinder bores of highly stressed piston ar- ao Work machines and piston engines, in particular hydrostatic axial piston machines.

Not only with hydrostatic axial piston machines, but also with internal combustion engines is a major problem that the cylinders, in the as If the pistons slide, they must have high strength combined with good sliding properties. The number of materials that meet these conditions, is low. In addition, such materials, like high-quality brouzen, are expensive. Also Even high-strength bronzes do not have the strength required for highly stressed cylinder drums Axial piston machines is required.

In order to provide high-strength cylinders with the desired good sliding properties on the inside, one has this is provided inside with liners made of a sliding material such as bronze or brass. The rifles were attached by shrink fitting. For high loads, such a construction is we Not suitable because the liner because of the generally different thermal expansions of the cylinder and rifle loosens its seat over time and moves under heavy loads. For high loads you have therefore the cylinders have already been cast with the sliding material and then the composite casting process cylinder produced again bored out and processed. This procedure also has essentials Disadvantage. On the one hand, it is technically complex and requires a high level of material consumption. To the others the number of material pairings is limited. So z. B. in composite casting the pairing of sliding brass / steel or the pairing of aluminum-tin / steel or do not connect the pairing zinc-aluminum / steel.

The aluminum cylinders of internal combustion engines have also been used by galvanic chrome plating provided with a hard running layer. However, such a hard running layer does not have good sliding properties, in particular no emergency running properties at all. In addition, this is also the type of Production technically very complex, as it is difficult to establish a good bond between chrome and light metal to manufacture.

Furthermore, liners have already been hard-soldered into the cylinder body. Such an approach Not only is it difficult because the solder must flow in a very large gap, it is beyond that still expensive and not suitable for all materials. The control, over a perfect soldering succeeded is is difficult. After all, because of the high temperatures, this process is also not for Cylinder body made of tempered steel suitable

From the German Auslegeschrift 1 267 519 it is known that raw boilers can be used in the explosion blown process with an inner cup, the lowest point of which is on the bottom of the Raw boiler is placed centered, and moves from the bottom of the raw boiler to its edge. An explosive film lining the inner boiler is then found in the center of the inner boiler floor.

TJSA. Patent 3,036,374 also describes the explosion cladding of hollow cylinders such as pipes with an inner metal layer thin-walled cylinder inserted into a form that supports it from the outside.

It is also known from "Neue Hütte", 14th year, 1969, pp. 401 to 404, that map also hardened Can combine steel with brass in the explosion plating process.

The invention is based on the object of creating a secure fastening of sliding metal liners in highly stressed cylinder bodies of the initially outlined type made of materials such as stable, in particular of tempered steel. This is achieved according to the invention in that the explosive cladding process is used to connect the sleeves to the cylinder bores.

The effect of the measure thus claimed is that a cohesive connection the sliding metal liners with the cylinder body is achieved, which is temperature resistant up to the limit of the temperature resistance of the sliding metal and also a has high mechanical strength.

In particular, the invention enables a high-strength connection of the sliding metal liners for the first time to be achieved with tempered steel cylinders. So far, this has been because of the high levels required for this Temperatures during composite casting or soldering are not possible because the tempering of the steel cylinder was impaired. Another major advantage of the invention is that in the cylinder also sliding metal liners made of metals and metal alloys that are not soluble in the cylinder metal can be firmly attached. Surprisingly, it has been shown that the invention is also suitable for narrow bores, for example 15 or 20 mm, such as those in the cylinder drums of axial piston machines occur is suitable. Here, too, a perfect connection between the liner and the Cylinder body achieved.

In the invention, the sliding metal bushes are inserted into the cylinder bores with an air gap and the inside of the cans is covered with explosives, which are then detonated. Leaving an air gap free is known from U.S. Patent 3,036,374. The sliding surfaces are then machined of the liners to the desired size and quality.

The Sprengstoffaul'lage can of course both after the insertion of the cans in the cylinder body as can also be introduced into the cans beforehand.

The material for the sliding metal liners is advantageously a; Aluminum-based sliding alloy, Zinc based or preferably copper based

rooted. Because of its particularly good sliding properties, in many cases such a bushing is on (dab: a sliding measuring or sliding bronze bushing. ^ G
ß.ger reached d, e Jf
Perimeter the edge of the
also gle.ch Maß ^
continuation. the
if on

For the invention, of course, the known principles of explosive plating * must be taken into account. The outer surface of the liner to be bitten by the explosive plating mite.nan-Jer and the inner surface of the cylinder bore must be clean. If an explosive is used whose detonation speed is greater than the speed of sound _{eif in the} material of the bushing, a bushing with a conicity of in the Äf

Usually around 2 to 5 ° can be used. The simple 15 consists of this, but 5 for the sake of doing this, a cylindrical sleeve is used, which is inserted into the boi,, ng along its entire length with air. If desired, the Β ^, Λη one end can be slightly The collar should be provided with a ring, the dia socket ". Ri d flid Be rifles are made advan teiUjafMm Atajnd ^ the edge of the hole an ^ tL on ^ when the g ^^ ^ cover over the cylinder liner protrudes and shoots the" ^ jen Sprengstoffbclag, im distance
socket on. ^ large ^ f '^ ion wave on hd JfSS

shares a »

ode; be provided with a ring, d

zen.'icrt The centering of the loading

lag ,, is aos of the German Auslegeschrift 1 267 519

^bC \ C difference between the outside diameter of the cylinder liner and the inside diameter of the Zy- * 5 Hni'-rbohrung should as a rule between 0.1 and Ϊ nin, with the lower limit being more for He.-ner, and the upper limit Limit applies more to larger bores. Both of these have been tried and tested. This applies to the explosive plating of cylindrical cans. Conically tapered bushings should at the end de- BrbTing at which ignition occurs, fas rest against the Bo clothes and then d with a slight Kcilwinkd »From ^ tand vergroße from the hole, nd rejuvenate. In b-.ia.n cases, the run d

e on the whole and then progresses ^ _{reason the B} oh- {^ approximated achieved £ _{b men} .

^ gig over extent ver-3 ™ Another possibility will be. · *> Explosives covering

jj becomes the middle of the SSS, the drawing is an

^^^ J ^ iS j _n en Axialschnit. by F1 g, 1 / cigt ™ ^a ^ _{n for an} axial piston, a cylinder and a cylinder drum

^ma J * ^h '^ne; _{zei jn Iekher} representation like fig. 1 den Rohhjg after egg «^!« ^ ^ ⁵ ^ ^^^^ after the finished

Nachfo

out

35

ße, nd rejuvenate. In b.ia.n Fä

Bushing before the explosive plating, preferably zen-Its cylinder drum _an axial piston machine GJei.Massing alloy

^^^ zyZtnnmma 1 has the shape to be seen. Marriage L y _{cmatic sense,,} "

of a Kre szylinde J _{h a} plurality of

the pa ahei to ^ ^Me _{displaced cylinder-}

gl ^ hma ^ß , g about the um fc ^ _{hef dngebnicnl}

^ R ^ i d "cylinder bores 2 are

^^^ gSg sliding brass bushes 3

Sd the cylinder bores at least to the TdI stuck If, «, ajich in J ^ g *

closed at one end, w ^ e z. B. in Zygerol te ^^ S ^ ngsspalt usually preferred

linder drums for axial piston machines from FaU 4 ° form.ge bushings ° ™ ^ ι, ρ _cylinder bores

a can if this ent after plating with zugt_ Be. ^ J ™ ^ ¹ the sliding brass bushes 3

the connecting holes to the Sp.egelflache verse-; ^ « _{η t mm} an outer diameter

the explosives are ignited. ™ Jf ^ _1n . _This remains in the example

The easiest layer is at the mouth of the cylinder knives of «,» m _{def B axis} 3 _{and d}

bores. In this case, the mun- 45 gap la of υ, ι mm 11 3 is advantageous

iunSferre edge of the liner after the explosive hole 2. Da ⁿⁿ will ^

pSren removed by cutting, since this edge ^ experienced

Often not perfectly welded, as expected. He-

the ignition follows from the bottom of the hole like this

it is sufficient if you z. B the cylinder body in Be ν

Pond off the mouth by an appropriate amount ^
shift and

_B e i ^l rotaUonssymrnetrischen cylinder core benmaschinen such as in the cylinder drums of Axialko, the ignition of the Sprengsto fsch.chten occurs in all cylinder bores advantageous gtachzeiig. As a result, the tensions in the cylinder head are kept even during the blasting process. _{In order to} avoid excessive tension, the cylinder body can, as is well known, be inserted into a socket that supports it during the explosive plating. The socket can for example consist of a plurality of segments of high mass which are held together by means of a tire. The socket should fit snugly against the circumference of the cylinder body so that the deformation of the latter remains small.

The ignition of the explosive _coating in the barrel 3 _{and d}

Bushings 3 earth ^ m _FäUen

efn the explosives

^ _{ine buffer} layers to lay, ^^. ^ _p

Sen simply by winding ^ 3 ^ p _ick e

^ Jf C ^ LL a tongue 5 arises eieder bpreng _echen de branch6

J ^^ HZündschnur 7 attached in the usual way- ^ Jf ™ ^? Explosives in the execution shoot from approx. PS ^ _speed of

beujid. «N ^ _Gcschwindi ness under both

^ / ec ^ a ^ ^ _{(53OOm / sec) a} l _s

gescnw j> _mdi ^ _{ni in dm ve} rwen-

J ^^ "β (3200 m / sec) Is, can the deten £« _di ? _h ^v _sdn . _{On top} s edge at 3a 3 _{Sax on y in} a manner not shown

^ Metal ring be provided as D-nne ^ ^ ₃ - _{m the Zyl d}

ShSn 2 centered. Centering can also be nut holes *

With the help of a separate centering body, the is placed on the drum and includes and centered the free ends of the sleeves. Another Centering possibility consists in the fact that one in the bushes outwards by the amount of the air gap Can surface impresses protruding small humps or narrow ribs. Will now be the fuse 7 ignited, it takes place under the influence of Detonationswellc a pressing of the sleeves 3 against the cylinder bores 2 and a surface welding the cans 3 with the bores 2. The welding is no longer in the outlet area of the detonation as good as in the rest of the area. Hence becomes like this

is indicated in Fig. 3, the last end of the liners 3 turned out. Finally, the liners 3 are finished on the inside. Furthermore, the Inclined bores 8 are made between the mirror surface 9 of the drum 1 and the cylinder bores 2. Also can, if necessary - depending on the circumstances before or after the introduction of the Bores 8 - the mirror surface 9 preferably also by explosive plating with a slide '. be provided with a layer.

The sliding metal of the liners can be applied in a blasting process, the particular one Glcilnietall sufficient to meet the requirements.

1 sheet of drawings

Claims (2)

Patent claims: 1. Use of the explosive cladding process for connecting sliding metal liners to the cylinder walls of the cylinder bores of particularly heavily loaded piston work machines and power machines, especially hydrostatic ones A. axial piston machines. 2. Application of the explosive cladding process according to claim 1, characterized in that in the case of rotationally symmetrical cylinder bodies, the ignition of the layers of explosive in all cylinder bores takes place at the same time. 15th