DE202021000895U1 - Biocide-impregnated, reticulated foams - Google Patents

Abstract

Biocide-impregnated, reticulated foams with a fineness of 10 PPI (parts per inch) to 100 PPI with at least one biocidal coating on the cell walls.

Description

Field of the invention

The present invention relates to biocidally impregnated, reticulated foams.

State of the art

Microorganisms are archaea, bacteria, eukaryotes, protists, fungi and green algae. It is still a matter of debate whether viruses or virions should be considered as organisms at all. The microorganisms and viruses are the source of a number of serious diseases, epidemics and pandemics such as the current Covid-19 pandemic.

Numerous pesticides such as fungicides, herbicides, insecticides, algicides, molluscicides, rodenticides, acaricides and slime control agents have been developed to control the harmful effects on multicellular human animals and plants.

In the same way, numerous antimicrobial agents such as germicides, antibiotics, bactericides, virucides, antimycotics, antiprotozoal agents and antiparasitic agents have been developed to cure the diseases caused by the microorganisms.

The permanent threat from microorganisms, especially from viruses and virions and especially from the coronavirus SARS-Co-V2, has created a growing demand for efficient and effective methods for decontamination and disinfection. The "List N: Products with Emerging Viral Pathogens AND Human Coronavirus Claims for Use against SARS-CoV-2, Date Accessed: 05/31/2020 of the EPA lists, US Govt.,"

carries numerous organic and inorganic active compounds such as HOCI, peroxyacetic acid, quaternary ammonium, potassium peroxomonosulfate, chlorine dioxide, hydrogen peroxide, citric acid, lactic acid, dichloroisocyanurate, sodium hypochlorite or ethanol. However, these disinfectants can only be used in cleaning solutions or wiping solutions and have no permanent disinfecting effect.

• Propioconazol (±)-1-{[2-(2,4-Dichlorphenyl)-4-propyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl]methyl}-H-1,2,4-triazol (IUPAC),
• Folpet N-(Trichlormethylthio)phthalimid,
• Chlorkresole,
• Fludioxonil 4-(2,2-Difluor-benzo[1,3]dioxol-4-yl)pyrrol-3-carbonitril (IUPAC), and
• Azoxystrobin Methyl-(E)-2-{2-[6-(2-cyanophenoxy)pyrimidin-4-yloxyl)phenyl)-3-methoxyacrylat (IUPAC)

werden als genehmigte Schutzmittel für Fasern, Leder, Gummi und polymerisierte Materialien in dem"Helpdesk - Genehmigte Wirkstoffe - Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin":
https://www.reach-cip-biozid-hetpdesk.de/DE/Biozide/Wirkstoffe/Genehmiote-Wirkstoffe/Genehmigte-Wirkstoffe-0.html#PT9
aufgeführt.

• Propioconazole (±) -1 - {[2- (2,4-dichlorophenyl) -4-propyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl] methyl} -H-1,2,4-triazole (IUPAC),
• Folpet N- (Trichloromethylthio) phthalimide,
• Chlorinated cresols,
• Fludioxonil 4- (2,2-difluoro-benzo [1,3] dioxol-4-yl) pyrrole-3-carbonitrile (IUPAC), and
• Azoxystrobin methyl (E) -2- {2- [6- (2-cyanophenoxy) pyrimidin-4-yloxyl) phenyl) -3-methoxyacrylate (IUPAC)

are approved as protective agents for fibers, leather, rubber and polymerized materials in the "Helpdesk - Approved Active Ingredients - Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health":
https://www.reach-cip-biozid-hetpdesk.de/DE/Biozide/Wirkstoffe/Genehmiote-Wirkstoffe/Genehmigte-Wirkstoffe-0.html#PT9
listed.

However, these active ingredients are low molecular weight compounds, so there is always the risk that they will be leached from the protected materials.

For this reason, there have already been numerous attempts to immobilize the disinfecting active ingredients and pharmaceuticals in order to achieve a permanent disinfecting and / or pharmaceutically effective surface.

So the international patent application discloses WO 96/39821 Reagents and processes for modifying textiles with the aim of deactivating viruses on contact. To do this, the textiles are modified by adding hydrophilic polymers, the quaternary ammonium groups and hydrocarbon chains contained, photochemically immobilized, whereby a surface is obtained that is able to tear lipid-enveloped viruses on contact. If these hydrophilic polymers are applied to nonwovens, however, there is no guarantee that they will be completely crosslinked by the light, because partial areas are necessarily shaded. As a result, a certain proportion of the polymers always remains soluble.

From the American patent U.S. 5,883,155 emerge films made of elastomers in which active chemicals such as biocides for medical purposes are uniformly dispersed in the form of gel inclusions. For example, the elastomeric film contains quaternary ammonium, phthalaldehyde, phenol derivatives, formalin, nonionic surfactants containing at least one polyoxyethylene block, hexamidine, iodine compounds, surface-active substances with a virucidal effect, sodium and potassium dichromate and hydrochlorite as active ingredients. However, these active ingredients are toxic and carcinogenic and are released into the environment.

The American patent US 6,180,584 B1 discloses disinfecting mixtures with a longer-lasting biocidal effect. The mixtures form an adhesive, transparent, water-insoluble polymer film on the substrate surface, which has a longer-lasting antimicrobial disinfecting effect. The effect lasts longer even without a new application. The disinfecting effect of the surface is based on direct contact and the components are not released into a contacting solution in an amount that would disinfect the solution. The active ingredient is a metallic material, especially silver iodide. However, this salt is sensitive to light so that dark spots form in the mixture over time.

The American patent application 2007/0031512 A1 discloses that layered phyllosilicates are suitable for adsorbing and / or binding viruses and thus deactivating them. The layered phyllosilicates can be sprayed into the human nostril or can be included in a face mask to prevent infection. They can be suspended in water intended for skin contact to inactivate the viruses, or they can be part of an HVAC filter that prevents the transfer of viruses from room to room, for example in a hospital. The phyllosilicates can be contained in a paper or a wipe to disable viruses on hospital and operating room furniture and surgical equipment. In addition, the layered phyllosilicates can be used in paints for clean rooms.

The international patent application WO 2007/120509 discloses a mask containing a plurality of layers, the first layer containing an acid or a salt or ester of the acid. The second layer contains a base or a salt or an ester of the base. The third layer of the mask contains a metallic germicide selected from the group consisting of zinc, copper, nickel, iodine, manganese, tin, boron, silver and their salts, complexing agents and surfactants. Apparently the third layer in particular contains toxic substances.

The American patent application US 2007/0292486 A1 discloses biocidal polymer nano / microparticle composites which contain an ionic polymer and biocidal metal salts, in particular silver bromide. The silver bromide is evenly distributed in the polymer matrix. It is believed that the biocidal effect is based on silver particles that release silver ions and bromide ions. It is also believed that the bromide ions make textiles flame retardant. The disadvantages of these composites are the high price of silver bromide, the light sensitivity of the salt, which causes dark discoloration in the composite layers, and the leaching of toxic silver ions. In addition, the biocidal metal salts are not concentrated on the surface of the composites, so that most of the metal salts do not come into contact with the microorganisms.

The international patent application WO 2008/127416 A2 discloses hydrophobic polymer coatings that can be applied non-covalently to solid surfaces of metals, plastics, glass, polymers, textiles and other substrates such as fabrics, gauze, bandages, cloths and fibers in the same way as paints by brush application, spraying or dipping to make the surfaces biocidal or bactericidal. The hydrophobic polymers contain quaternary ammonium groups with long-chain aliphatic groups containing more than 10 carbon atoms. The hydrophobic polymers can, however, be damaged by organic solvents and even be completely removed from the surfaces.

The American patent application US 2009/0081249 A1 discloses antimicrobial compositions containing two or more antiviral agents covalently linked to a polymer. Suitable antiviral agents are sialic acid, zanamivir, oseltamivir, amantadine and rimantadine. The polymer is preferably water soluble such as poly (isobutylene-maleic anhydride), polyaspartic acid, poly (1-glutamic acid), chitosan, carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyldextran or polyethyleneimine. The Compositions can be prepared for enteral or parenteral administration. However, the antimicrobial compositions are difficult to manufacture on an industrial scale.

The American patent application US 2009/0320849 A1 discloses a face mask that includes a filter material made from a fibrous substrate. Its fibers contain, on their surface, in particular a fleece made of polypropylene or polyester, which contains an acidic polymer, in particular of the polycarboxylic acid type. The face mask has an antiviral effect against inhaled or exhaled air. However, since the polycarboxylic acids such as polyacrylic acid are water-soluble, they can be corroded by aqueous aerosols

The American patent application US 2012/0016055 A1 discloses biocidal coating compositions containing a biocide and nonionic polymers and solvents. The coating compositions form clear and non-tacky films and surfaces which, however, can easily be removed because of their solubility.

The American patent application US 2013/0344122 A1 discloses medical articles with antimicrobial properties and good barrier properties. The medical articles contain nonwovens made of polypropylene and a coating that contains chlorhexidine acetate and trichlosan. These pharmaceuticals are, for example, dissolved in ethanol and sprayed onto the tissue until it is evenly saturated. The fabric samples are then dried. The medical articles can be gowns, shoe covers, drapes, swaddles, caps, lab coats, and face masks. The disadvantage of these medical articles is that the pharmaceuticals are not tightly bound to the fibers of the nonwoven material and can easily be removed therefrom as dust or washed away by solvents.

The international patent application WO 2014/149321 A1 discloses a coating with a reactive surface that has disinfectant and biocidal properties. The reactive compositions are renewable or "rechargeable" by reapplication of the active component and do not need to be removed, discarded or replaced. The reactive composition contains a hygroscopic polymer film such as crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone, which has been treated with a liquid or gaseous oxidizing agent such as hydrogen peroxide, chlorine, peracetic acid, iodine or mixtures thereof for so long that the oxidizing agent has reacted with the polymer film or is absorbed therein. The disadvantages of these reactive surface coatings are that they have to be activated with toxic and corrosive or gaseous oxidizing agents, these oxidizing agents being given off again by the coatings.

The American patent application US 2014/0127517 A1 discloses films of linear or branched polyethylene leads with antiviral properties. These films are covalently bonded to surfaces and quaternized with hydrophobic side chains and modified with groups that can be crosslinked with actinic radiation. The disadvantages of these films are that the polyethyleneimines have to be modified by polymer-analogous reactions. After they have been applied to surfaces, they must be irradiated with UV light. However, if they are applied to nonwoven materials, it cannot be guaranteed that all of the modified polyethyleneimine will be reached and crosslinked by the UV radiation.

The international patent application WO 2016/116259 A1 discloses biocidal materials which contain an organic polymer matrix or an inorganic ceramic matrix in which biocidal polyoxometalates are inhomogeneously distributed. For example, the concentration of the polyoxometalates on the surface of the matrices can be higher than on the inside.

The American patent application 2017/0275472 A1 discloses antimicrobial coating materials for surface coating which (i) biocides such as chlorine dioxide, hydrogen peroxide, peroxyacids, alcohols, essential oils, antimicrobial components of essential oils, bleaches, antibiotics, phytochemicals and mixtures thereof, (ii) inorganic-organic hollow bodies which are used for biocides are permeable, the inorganic materials being metal oxides, metal complexes, metal salts, metal particles and mixtures thereof and the organic materials being non-ionic polymers such as polyethylene glycol or polyvinylpyrrolidone. The antimicrobial coating material is believed to have a durable and versatile antimicrobial effect at high temperatures through contact kill, release, non-stick effect and self-cleaning. The disadvantage is that volatile biocides are used that are permanently released from the coating materials.

The American patent 10,227,495 B2 claims biocidal biopolymer coatings made from cross-linked functionalized triglycerides and covalently bound quaternary ammonium compounds. The crosslinking can take place by irradiation with actinic light or by polyisocyanates. The disadvantage is that the biocidal effect is limited to the use of one class of compounds, namely quaternary ammonium compounds.

Since the beginning of the SARS-Co-V2 pandemic, numerous attempts have been made to develop new methods and materials to prevent the virus from spreading.

So describe AJ Galante et al. from the Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, and The Department of Ophthalmology, Charles T. Campbell Laboratory of Ophthalmic Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, superhemophobic anti-virofouling coatings for medical clothing (see also: SpecialChem, The material selection platform, Coating Ingredients, "Researchers Create New Washable, Textile, Coating the Can Repel Viruses.", Published on 2020-05-26 ; and "New coating could improve medical gear by making the coronavirus slide right off."; https://www.zmescience.com/science/newsscience/coating-personal-protection-equipment-252342/). The resistant, multi-layer coatings are produced by sintering polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) nanoparticles in a solvent on polypropylene microfibers. The disadvantage is that their production requires a lot of energy and solvents as well as expensive PTFE. Plus, they don't kill the viruses.

Researchers from Ben Gurion University, Israel, have developed coatings based on nanoparticles to prevent the spread of the coronavirus. They found that copper nanoparticles are most effective in this regard. The antiviral coatings can be brushed or sprayed onto surfaces. Common and known polymers containing nanoparticles of copper can be used. The nanoparticles enable the controlled release of metal ions onto the coated surfaces (see also SpecialChem, The material selection platform, Coating Ingredients, published on 2020-05-21). The copper nanoparticles and the copper ions are not only toxic to microorganisms and viruses, but also to higher animals and humans.

Bio-Fence, Inc., Israel, has developed new antimicrobial coatings that are designed to provide permanent protection against coronaviruses. Apparently the coatings contain a polymer that contains active chlorine that can be refreshed with hydrochlorite solutions (see SpecialChem, The material selection platform, Coating Ingredients, published on 2020-05-12). The disadvantage of these coatings is the use of corrosive hypochlorite and active chlorine, which is presumably bound to nitrogen atoms in the form of> N-CI groups. Thus, these materials are toxic and have an intense unpleasant odor.

• https://physicsworld.com/a/cellular-nanosponges-could-neutralize-sars-cov-2/?utm medium=email&utm source=iop&utm term=&utm campaign=14258-46562&utm content=Title%3A%20Cellular%20nanosponges%20could%20neutralize%20SARS -CoV-2%20%20-%20research update&Campaign+Owner=

On June 30th, 2020 the SpecialChem website published a note regarding “New Hybrid Coatings to Protect Interior Walls from Microbial Contamination” based on polyacrylates containing 3- (methacrylamino) propyltrimethylammonium chloride as a comonomer. The lateral quaternary ammonium groups function as biocidal centers:

• https://physicsworld.com/a/cellular-nanosponges-could-neutralize-sars-cov-2/?utm medium = email & utm source = iop & utm term = & utm campaign = 14258-46562 & utm content = Title% 3A% 20Cellular% 20nanosponges% 20could% 20neutralize% 20SARS -CoV-2% 20% 20-% 20research update & Campaign + Owner =

• https://www.conordia.ca/content/shared/en/news/stories/2020/05/28/a-canada-wide-researchnetwork-based-at-concordia-is-ready-to-make-work-surfeces-safer-for-frontline-staff.html

Another approach is being pursued at Concordia University, Canada, and the Canada-wide research network based at Concordia. These are copper and titanium dioxide spray paints intended to prevent the spread of Covid 19:

• https://www.conordia.ca/content/shared/en/news/stories/2020/05/28/a-canada-wide-researchnetwork-based-at-concordia-is-ready-to-make-work- surfeces-safer-for-frontline-staff.html

• https://coatings.specialchem.com/news/industry-newsisiegwerk-to-distribute-varcotecantimicrobial-coating-innovation-
• 000221983?lr=ipc20061570&li=200165733&utm source=NL&utm medium=EML&utm campai gn=ipc20061570&m i=NcWvxMS lqE4uDtFR2SUvnvKpGP6scLXvpSt5WIN3KriGtDbdz%2Bxz VTOAM%2Bqw0%2BV%2B21wdgflul3qOabGieKUHdjkvRbBNp

Another approach is being pursued by the company TriOptoTec by researchers from the university clinics of the University of Regensburg, Germany. (See "SpecialChem" 29.6.2020:

• https://coatings.specialchem.com/news/industry-newsisiegwerk-to-distribute-varcotecantimicrobial-coating-innovation-
• 000221983? Lr = ipc20061570 & li = 200165733 & utm source = NL & utm medium = EML & utm campai gn = ipc20061570 & m i = NcWvxMS lqE4uDtFR2SUvnvKpGP6scLXvpSt5WIN3KriGt21 2xvpSt5WIN3KriGtBwBzGab% 2qkTOB21% 2qkUbDbGpw% 2qkU21% 2xkUbGbdz% 2jkU21% 2xkUbGbdw% 2qkU21% 2xkUbDbGab% 2RkTOBwBzGbdz

The paint in question apparently contains dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate in butyl diglycol. It also contains 10H-benzo [G] pteridine-2,4-dione derivatives (cf. the American patents US 10,227,348 B2 and US 9,796,715 B2 ) or phenalen-1-one derivatives (see the American patent US 9,302,004 B2 ) as photosensitizers. The lacquer is mainly applied to paper or cardboard. When exposed to visible light, the photosensitizer produces singlet oxygen that kills the microorganisms on the surface of the paper or cardboard. The disadvantage is that this reaction only takes place in light but not in shade, so that numerous applications are ruled out.

In the field of surface technology, it is generally known that a particularly strong lotus effect or superhydrophobicity can be achieved through a hierarchically structured surface design. So the American patent application discloses US 2014/0238646 A1 a method for the production of hierarchically arranged structures of nanoscale inorganic phosphate particles, which are homogeneously distributed on the surface of micrometer-scale phyllosilicate particles. Because these surfaces are not wetted and condensed moisture immediately forms droplets that roll down from the surfaces, the contact time is too short for a biocidal or virucidal effect.

• https://coatings.specialchem.com/news/industry-news/new-superhydrophobic-antiviral-coatingself-cleaning-properties-
• 000221961?lr=ipc20061569&li=200165733&utm source=NL&utm medium=EML&utm campai gn=ipc20061569&m i=owCobZpJ7BFfD70L%2BHEhcWDRZ0rH4AKAPPd55yGetHRPb8itAEQ FCfeJRcddTTWGNwEzLArkBh9lQcRenmgXfr87TriboV
• https://www.technicaltextile.net/news/iit-ism-s-silver-nanoparticle-anti-viral-textile-coating-268082.html
• (Vgl. auch SpecialChem for Coatings, Industry News, 23. 6. 2020). Wegen der Superhydrophobie sind aber auch hier die vorstehend geschilderten Nachteile zu erwarten.

Aditya Kumar, Kalpita Nath and Poonam Chauhan from the Department of Chemical Engineering have developed a superhydrophobic antiviral coating with self-cleaning properties based on silver nanoparticles that are irradiated with UV radiation and then treated with perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane:

• https://coatings.specialchem.com/news/industry-news/new-superhydrophobic-antiviral-coatingself-cleaning-properties-
• 000221961? Lr = ipc20061569 & li = 200165733 & utm source = NL & utm medium = EML & utm campai gn = ipc20061569 & m i = owCobZpJ7BFfD70L% 2BHEhcWDRZ0rH4AKAPPd55yGetHRPb8itAEQzmgGetHRPb8itAEQzMGetHRPb8itAEQzLJrkTWGNcdbEq
• https://www.technicaltextile.net/news/iit-ism-s-silver-nanoparticle-anti-viral-textile-coating-268082.html
• (See also SpecialChem for Coatings, Industry News, June 23, 2020). Because of the superhydrophobicity, however, the disadvantages described above are to be expected here too.

• https://coatings.speciachem.com/news/industry-news/new-way-cu-coatings-masks-covid19-transmission-
• 000222593?lr=ipc20091591&li=200165733&utm source=NL&utm medium=EML&utm campai gn=ipc20091591 &m i=LKHowSxEDOQqaf6IRKgtys82qOFcOeUHDQafVqznX2JvZxauM0NNd HnP8q95KPhnJ0ofLb9h8b0 4U4K4g4szOnptKr2LD&status=valid
• und „Anti-viral copper coatings could help slow the transmission of COVID 19“, Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, lynsey@mie.utoronto.ca; 31.8.2020.
• Jinghzi Pu et al. von der School of Science an der IUBUI, Iniana, USA, einen Maskenfilter entwickelt, der die innere Struktur von Fischkiemen nachahmt. Die Herstellung der komplexen Strukturen erfolgt durch 3-D-Drucken und anschließender Beschichtung der Oberfläche mit Kupfer durch Elektroplattieren. Durch die Erhöhung der Oberfläche, über die die Luft hinwegstreicht, soll sich die biozide Wirkung des Kupfers erhöhen. Die Entwickler spekulieren, dass diese Strukturen auch für Filter für Klimaanlagen in Gebäuden und Flugzeugen geeignet sein könnten (vgl. SpecialChem, Industry News, Researchers Use Cu Coating on Plastic Mask Filters to Reduce Virus Spread, Publ. 17.9.2020
• https://coatings.specialchem.com/news/industry-news/cu-coating-plastic-mask-filters-reducevirus-spread-
• 000222707?lr=ipc20091594&li=200165733&utm source=NL&utm medium=EML&utm campai gn=ipc20091594&m i=fM1fEM0ZwQ1A6LPH0ipPWKoH2EusD4Rm30xmwWHtDbV2rPu33i6w C0fu0%2Bwv4Rm1vNWcGxaS2K9Fxo WpaHR7r3%2B8aWffp&status=valid vgl. auch
• https://news.iu.edu/stories/2020/09/iupui/releases/16-copper-coating-3d-printed-plastic-fillerspandemic-fighter.html).

Yet another approach is taken by J. Mostaghimi of the University of Toronto, Canada. See "SpecialChem The material selection platform, 7.9.2020", Twin-wire Arc Spray Technology to Deposit Cu on Fabrics):

• https://coatings.speciachem.com/news/industry-news/new-way-cu-coatings-masks-covid19-transmission-
• 000222593? Lr = ipc20091591 & li = 200165733 & utm source = NL & utm medium = EML & utm campai gn = ipc20091591 & m i = LKHowSxEDOQqaf6IRKgtys82qOFcOeUHDQafVqzn99X2JvZxauM08ofLbnzX2JvZxauM0Ng4bnz2JvZxauM0Ng4Nd Hnzh0n = status
• and "Anti-viral copper coatings could help slow the transmission of COVID 19", Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, lynsey@mie.utoronto.ca; August 31, 2020.
• Jinghzi Pu et al. from the School of Science at IUBUI, Iniana, USA, developed a mask filter that mimics the internal structure of fish gills. The complex structures are produced by 3-D printing and subsequent coating of the surface with copper by electroplating. By increasing the surface over which the air sweeps, the biocidal effect of the copper should increase. The developers speculate that these structures could also be suitable for filters for air conditioning systems in buildings and aircraft (see SpecialChem, Industry News, Researchers Use Cu Coating on Plastic Mask Filters to Reduce Virus Spread, publ. 09/17/2020
• https://coatings.specialchem.com/news/industry-news/cu-coating-plastic-mask-filters-reducevirus-spread-
• 000222707? Lr = ipc20091594 & li = 200165733 & utm source = NL & utm medium = EML & utm campai gn = ipc20091594 & m i = fM1fEM0ZwQ1A6LPH0ipPWKoH2EusD4Rm30xmwWHtDbV2rPu33i.
• https://news.iu.edu/stories/2020/09/iupui/releases/16-copper-coating-3d-printed-plastic-fillerspandemic-fighter.html).

However, it is to be feared that with a high air throughput at high flow speeds, these complex structures generate intense noises such as hissing or whistling.

• - Hochleistungs-Partikelfilter (EPA = Efficient Particulate Air filter), kleinste filtrierbare Teilchengröße: 100 nm,
• - Schwebstofffilter (HEPA = High Efficiency Particulate Air filter), kleinste filtrierbare Teilchengröße: 100 nm,
• - Hochleistungs-Schwebstofffilter (ULPA = Ultra Low Penetration Air filter), kleinste filtrierbare Teilchengröße: 50 nm,
• - Medium-Filter, kleinste filtrierbare Teilchengröße: 300 nm,
• - Vorfilter, kleinste filtrierbare Teilchengröße: 1000 nm, und
• - Automobilinnenraumfilter, kleinste filtrierbare Teilchengröße: 500 nm unterteilt werden. Für den Bereich von 1 nm bis 50 nm stehen somit keine Filter zur Verfügung.

Air purifiers are mobile devices used to purify air using filters. According to their separation efficiency, the filters can be used in

• - High-performance particle filter (EPA = Efficient Particulate Air filter), smallest filterable particle size: 100 nm,
• - HEPA filter (High Efficiency Particulate Air filter), smallest filterable particle size: 100 nm,
• - High-performance particulate filter (ULPA = Ultra Low Penetration Air filter), smallest filterable particle size: 50 nm,
• - Medium filter, smallest filterable particle size: 300 nm,
• - Pre-filter, smallest filterable particle size: 1000 nm, and
• - Automobile cabin filters, smallest filterable particle size: 500 nm. There are therefore no filters available for the range from 1 nm to 50 nm.

• - Diffusionseffekt: Sehr kleine Partikel (Partikelgröße: 50 nm bis 100 nm) folgen nicht dem Gasstrom, sondern haben durch ihre Zusammenstöße mit den Gasmolekülen einer der Brownschen Bewegung ähnliche Flugbahn und stoßen dadurch mit den Filterfasern zusammen, woran sie haften bleiben. Dieser Effekt wird auch als Diffusionscharakteristik (diffusion regime) bezeichnet.
• - Sperreffekt: Kleinere Partikel (Partikelgröße: 100 nm bis 500 nm), die dem Gasstrom um die Faser folgen, bleiben haften, wenn sie der Filterphase zu nahekommen. Dieser Effekt wird auch als Abfangcharakteristik (interception regime) bezeichnet.
• - Trägheitseffekt: Größere Partikel (Partikelgröße: 500 nm bis >1 µm) folgen nicht dem Gasstrom um die Faser, sondern prallen aufgrund ihrer Trägheit dagegen und bleiben daran haften. Dieser Effekt wird auch als inerte Einschlags- und Abfangcharakteristik (inertial impaction regime) bezeichnet.

Depending on the particle size, their filter effect is based on the following effects:

• - Diffusion effect: Very small particles (particle size: 50 nm to 100 nm) do not follow the gas flow, but instead have a trajectory similar to Brownian motion due to their collision with the gas molecules and thus collide with the filter fibers, to which they stick. This effect is also referred to as the diffusion regime.
• - Blocking effect: smaller particles (particle size: 100 nm to 500 nm) that follow the gas flow around the fiber stick if they come too close to the filter phase. This effect is also referred to as the interception regime.
• - Inertia effect: larger particles (particle size: 500 nm to> 1 µm) do not follow the gas flow around the fiber, but rather collide with it due to their inertia and stick to it. This effect is also known as the inertial impaction regime.

In the particle size range from 100 nm to 500 nm, the diffusion effect and the barrier effect occur together. In the particle size range from 500 nm to> 1 µm, the inertia effect and the blocking effect also occur together.

According to the filter effects, particles with a particle size of 200 nm to 400 nm are the most difficult to separate. They are also known as MMPS = most penetrating particle size. The filter efficiency drops to 50% in this size range. Larger and smaller particles are separated better due to their physical properties.

EPA, HEPA and UPLA are classified according to their effectiveness for these grain sizes using a test aerosol made from di-2-ethylhexyl sebacate (DEHS). KW Lee and BYH Liu give in their article "On the Minimum Efficiency and the Most Penetrating Particle Size for Fibrous Filters" in the Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association, Vol. 30, No. 4, April 1980, pages 377-381 , Propose formulas that make it possible to calculate the minimum efficiency and MMPS for fiber filters due to the diffusion effect and the inertia effect. The results show that MMPS decreases with increasing filtration speed and with increasing fiber volume fraction and increases with increasing fiber size.

However, the fact that there are no filters for nanoparticles with an average particle size d ₅₀ of 1 nm to <50 nm is also particularly critical. It is precisely these particles that are easily deposited in the bronchi and alveoli and generally have the highest mortality and toxicity. They can therefore cause diseases such as asthma, bronchitis, arteriosclerosis, arrhythmia, dermatitis, autoimmune diseases, cancer, Crohn's disease or organ failure.

This is particularly critical since the depth filters or particulate filters are used in medical areas such as operating rooms, intensive care units and laboratories, as well as in clean rooms, in nuclear technology and in air washers.

1. 1. Freisetzung von elektrischen Ladungen, meist Elektronen,
2. 2. Aufladung der Staubpartikel im elektrischen Feld oder lonisator,
3. 3. Transport der geladenen Staubteilchen zu der Niederschlagselektrode
4. 4. Anhaftungen der Staubpartikel an der Niederschlagselektrode und
5. 5. Entfernung der Staubschicht von der Niederschlagselektrode.

Another problematic technology in this regard are electrostatic precipitators for electrical gas cleaning, electrical dust filters or electrostats, which are based on the separation of particles from gases using the electrostatic principle. The separation in the electrostatic precipitator can take place in five separate phases:

1. 1. Release of electrical charges, mostly electrons,
2. 2. Charging of the dust particles in the electric field or ionizer,
3. 3. Transport of the charged dust particles to the collecting electrode
4. 4. Adhesion of dust particles to the collecting electrode and
5. 5. Removal of the dust layer from the collecting electrode.

However, it is not possible to completely separate particles in the nanometer range, so that there is a risk of contamination with respirable particles in the vicinity of such systems.

These electric dust filters are often used in exhaust gas treatment. Amines, carbon dioxide, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, hydrogen sulfide and other toxic gases are removed from the exhaust gas flow with the help of membranes. Since the electric accumulation filters cannot completely remove the finest particles, they damage the membranes and reduce their separation efficiency.

For details regarding the Toxicology is referred to the review articles by Günter Oberdörster, Eva Oberdörster and Jan Oberdörster, "Nanotoxicology, An Emerging Discipline Evolving from Studies of Ultrafine Particles", in Environmental Health Perpectives Volume 113. (7), 2005, 823-839, and Günter Oberdörster, Vicki Stone and Ken Donaldson, "Toxicology of nanoparticles: A historical perpective," Nanotoxicology, March 2007; 1 (1): 2-25 , referenced.

Viruses present outside cells are scientifically known as virions. They have a diameter of 15 nm to 440 nm and are significantly smaller than bacteria, most of which have a diameter of 1 µm to 5 µm. The viruses or virions thus have sizes that fall into the “filter gaps” from 1 nm to 50 nm and from 200 nm to 400 nm.

Therefore, the air purifiers equipped with filters can at best lower the concentration of viruses or virions in the room air, but they cannot completely remove or destroy them because they lack a disinfecting effect.

Non-sedimenting aerosols generated by humans and animals, in particular aerosols that arise through breathing, coughing or sneezing and that are distributed very quickly in large volumes in closed spaces, play a central role in the transmission of viruses from person to person, from animal to animal Human, from animal to animal and from person to animal. They contribute significantly to the spread of diseases. Since the non-sedimenting aerosols generally have a particle diameter of 0.1 nm to 100 nm, they can only be intercepted incompletely by the air filter - if at all.

If you want to keep the concentration of viruses and virions in the air in closed rooms below a threshold above which there is a high risk of infection, the air must be constantly circulated in large quantities. However, this currently only works with stationary air conditioning systems, which, however, often cannot be retrofitted in buildings, means of transport, etc. Another disadvantage is that powerful air conditioning systems, fans and mobile air purifiers often rustle loudly, which is perceived as annoying. Their particularly strong air currents often cause health problems such as colds and joint pain.

• „Luftreiniger gegen Viren & Bakterien - auch gegen den Coronavirus?‟ Ein Luftreiniger gegen Bakterien und Viren ist besonders sinnvoll für Warteräume von Arztpraxen, für Büros oder Pakete, für andere öffentliche Räume wie Kantinen, Friseursalons oder Nagelstudios. Überall dort, wo Menschen zusammenkommen und die Luft mehr oder weniger steht, steigt nämlich die Ansteckungsgefahr, die durch den Einsatz von Luftreinigern gesenkt werden kann. Ob Luftreiniger auch konkret gegen den Covid 19 Coronavirus wirken, ist aufgrund dessen, dass es Ihn noch nicht lange gibt noch nicht getestet worden. Da es kein komplett neuer Virus ist, sondern eine mutierte Form bereits bekannter Viren, spricht jedoch sehr viel für eine Wirksamkeit.
• Welche Luftreiniger besonders gut gegen Bakterien und Viren geeignet sind, erfahren Sie weiter unten.
• WICHTIGER HINWEIS: Bitte beachten Sie, dass Luftreiniger zwar die Konzentration von Viren und Bakterien in der Luft erheblich reduzieren, jedoch nicht komplett verhindern können. Der beste Schutz vor dem Coronavirus ist die Meidung sozialer Kontakte sowie häufiges und gründliches Händewaschen. Bitte leisten Sie in jedem Fall den Auflagen der Bundes- und Landesregierungen folge.
• „Aufgrund der geringen Größe von Bakterien und Viren müssen Luftreiniger über die richtigen Filter verfügen, um schwebende Gefahren aus der Luft sicher einfangen zu können. Luftreiniger mit HEPA-Filter arbeiten sehr effektiv gegen mikroskopisch kleine Infektionsherde und filtern auch besonders winzige Bakterien mit einer Partikelgröße von nur 0,3 Mikrometer (µm) sicher aus der Raumluft. Zusätzliche Methoden wie photokatalytische Filter, Nano-Silber-Filter oder zugeschaltete Ionisatoren können dabei helfen, den Wirkungsgrad von Luftreinigern noch weiter zu verbessern. Um Bakterien und Viren möglichst schnell in die verfügbaren Filter einzufangen ist auch ein hoher Luftdurchsatz bei Luftreinigern wichtig. Ein Luftreiniger sollte in der Lage sein, die komplette Raumluft mindestens zwei Mal pro Stunde zu reinigen. Hersteller von Premium Geräten visieren eine komplette Reinigung der Raumluft bis zu 5 Mal pro Stunde an.“

In the company publication "LUFTREINIGERDEPOT your specialist for healthy indoor air",
https://www.luftreinigerdepot.de/gegen/bakter-und-viren?p=l & o = 2 & n = 20 & f = 784
downloaded on 8/25/2020, the problems are clarified once again (original quote at the beginning):

• "Air purifiers against viruses & bacteria - also against the coronavirus?" An air purifier against bacteria and viruses is particularly useful for waiting rooms in doctor's practices, for offices or parcels, for other public spaces such as canteens, hairdressing salons or nail salons. Wherever people come together and the air is more or less the risk of infection increases, which can be reduced by using air purifiers. Whether air purifiers also work specifically against the Covid 19 coronavirus has not yet been tested due to the fact that it has not been around for a long time. Since there is no is a completely new virus, but a mutated form of a virus that is already known, speaks very much for its effectiveness.
• You can find out below which air purifiers are particularly good against bacteria and viruses.
• IMPORTANT NOTE: Please note that air purifiers can significantly reduce the concentration of viruses and bacteria in the air, but cannot completely prevent them. The best protection against the coronavirus is to avoid social contacts and wash your hands frequently and thoroughly. In any case, please follow the requirements of the federal and state governments.
• “Due to the small size of bacteria and viruses, air purifiers must have the right filters in order to safely capture floating hazards in the air. Air purifiers with HEPA filters work very effectively against microscopic foci of infection and also safely filter particularly tiny bacteria with a particle size of only 0.3 micrometers (µm) out of the room air. Additional methods such as photocatalytic filters, nano-silver filters or activated ionizers can help to improve the efficiency of air purifiers even further. In order to capture bacteria and viruses as quickly as possible in the available filters, a high air flow rate is also important for air purifiers. An air purifier should be able to clean all of the room air at least twice an hour. Manufacturers of premium devices aim to completely clean the room air up to 5 times an hour. "

(Original quote end).

Another possibility to reduce the concentration of virions and aerosols in closed rooms is intensive ventilation with outside air. On the one hand, this presupposes that the rooms are on the outside of the building so that such ventilation options are even available and, if so, that the weather conditions permit ventilation. This is likely to be difficult with low outside temperatures, driving rain, thunderstorms, hail, snow, freezing rain, etc.

Reticulated foam filters made of plastics are from the European patent application EP 0 199 528 A2 known. They are mainly used as air filters in internal combustion engines. However, these air filters are not biocidal.

Biocidal foams are from American patents U.S. 5,059,629 and U.S. 5,004,760 known. They are, for example, made of a polyurethane foam in which a copolymer of an alpha-olefin and an alpha-beta-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid is embedded. Cationic biocides such as quaternary ammonium salts are bound to the carboxylic acid groups. Since the embedding takes place in situ during the production of the foams, they are not reticulated foams. These known foams have the disadvantage that they have a high air resistance.

Biocidal foams, during the production of which tin compounds are incorporated in situ from foam-forming constituents, are known from Canadian patent application CA 717123. Again, these are not reticulated foams. They were also only tested with Staphylococcus aureus. They also have the disadvantage that they have high air resistance

From the American patent US 9 266 048 B2 is known in microbicidal air filters which have a first filtration layer, a HEPA filter and a second filtration layer in the direction of the air flow. The first and second filtration layers are made of polypropylene fibers into which silver particles have been injected. As is known, however, the HEPA filters have a high air resistance.

The biocidal effect of silver has been known for centuries. Colloidal solutions of metals, especially silver, are also well-known biocides. Colloidal silver is found in numerous medical cosmetic products. Silver water can be used as an antibiotic. However, these application forms are not suitable for air purification.

Object of the present invention

The present invention was based on the object of providing a biocidal foam which is suitable for cleaning room air, is easy to manufacture and has very low air resistance.

The solution according to the invention

The object of the present invention was achieved by the biocidally impregnated, reticulated foams according to the invention. Advantageous embodiments are the subject of dependent claims 2 to 13.

Furthermore, the object of the present invention was achieved with the aid of the additional component (1) according to the invention according to protection claim 14. Advantageous embodiments of the additional component (1) according to the invention are the subject matter of the dependent protection claims 15 and 16.

Advantages of the invention

In view of the prior art, it was surprising and not foreseeable for the person skilled in the art that the object on which the present invention was based could be achieved with the aid of the biocidally impregnated, reticulated foams according to the invention and the additional component according to the invention.

In particular, it was surprising that the biocidally impregnated, reticulated foam according to the invention had a high biocidal effect and low air resistance, could be produced and used in a variety of embodiments in a simple manner and was outstandingly suitable for cleaning room air.

It could thus be used with advantage as an alternative component according to the invention in and as an additional component on room ventilators.

Further advantages of the invention emerge from the following description.

Detailed description of the invention

The reticulated foams, which form the basis of the biocidal, reticulated foams according to the invention, are produced from natural materials, woods, glass, metal and plastics with the aid of customary and known foaming techniques. They are preferably made from plastics.

Suitable plastics are customary and known linear and / or branched and / or block-like, comb-like and / or randomly structured polyaddition resins, polycondensation resins and / or (co) polymers of ethylenically unsaturated monomers.

Examples of suitable (co) polymers are (meth) acrylate (co) polymers and / or polystyrene, polyvinyl esters, polyvinyl ethers, polyvinyl halides, polyvinyl amides, polyacrylonitrile, polyethylenes, polypropylenes, polybutylenes, polyisoprenes and / or their copolymers.

Examples of suitable polyaddition resins or polycondensation resins are polyesters, alkyds, polylactones, polycarbonates, polyethers, proteins, epoxy resin-amine adducts, polyurethanes, alkyd resins, polysiloxanes, phenol-formaldehyde resins, urea-formaldehyde resins, melamine-formaldehyde resins, cellulose, polyacetals, , Polyethylene oxides, polycaprolactams, polylactones, polylactides, polyimides, and / or polyureas.

It is known that thermosets are produced from polyfunctional, low molecular weight and / or oligomeric compounds by (co) polymerization initiated thermally and / or with actinic radiation.

The reticulation, i.e. H. The destruction of the cell walls of the foams is usually carried out with the help of so-called water reticulation. A mixture of gaseous, flammable substances such as oxyhydrogen is mixed with steam at about 185 ° C under pressure at the same time as the ignition pulse. An exothermic reaction is initiated and, through the heat of reaction released explosively, this causes the foam cell walls to be perforated and sintered in a targeted manner to the desired web thickness of the structural substance of the foam.

The reticulated foams can have a wide variety of three-dimensional shapes. You can use round, oval, elliptical, triangular, square, square, pentagonal, hexagonal, heptagonal or octagonal plates or disks, cubes, cuboids, columns, truncated cones, spheres or tubes with different cross-sections and wall thicknesses. You can optionally have depressions, elevations or perforations. In addition, they can have special three-dimensional shapes that are adapted to specific uses and devices.

The reticulated foams can furthermore have dimensions in the range from square centimeters to square meters, the dimensions being determined by the respective intended use and the devices into which the biocidal, reticulated foams according to the invention are fitted.

According to the invention, reticulated foams in round, square and square plate shape are preferred. They are particularly preferably 0.5 cm to 30 cm thick, very particularly preferably 1 cm to 20 cm and in particular 2 cm to 10 cm. They particularly preferably cover an area of 10 cm ² to 10 m ² , very particularly preferably 100 cm ² to 5 m ² and in particular 150 cm ² to 3 m ² . The square plates preferably have an area of 30 cm × 30 cm, 50 cm × 50 cm and 100 cm × 100 cm and thicknesses of 2 cm, 3 cm and 4 cm.

According to the invention, reticulated foam filter mats made of the aforementioned plastic, in particular made of polyester, polypropylene, and polyethylene, are particularly preferably used. Foam filter mats of this type are commonly used as aquarium filters and pond filters and are commercially available. They are available in gauges from 10 PPI (pores per inch) to 100 PPI. The reticulated foam filter mats are preferably used in finenesses of 10 PPI, 20 PPI, 30 PPI and 40 PPI.

The reticulated foams can be rigid or flexible, depending on the intended use of the biocidally impregnated, reticulated foams according to the invention produced with them.

The biocidally impregnated, reticulated foams according to the invention have a biocidal impregnation or coating on their networks or on their cell walls, which contains biocides immobilized or fixed in the biocidal impregnation.

• Biphenyl-2ol
• DCCP 1-(2,3-Dichlorphenyl)piperazin
• L(+)-Milchsäure
• Zitronensäure
• Ascorbinsäure
• MIT Methylisothiazolinon
• CMIT, CMI, MCI Chloromethylisothiazolinon
• BIT Benzisothiazolinon
• OIT, Ol Octylisothiazolinon
• DCOIT, DCOI Dichlorooctylisothiazolinon
• BBIT Butylbenzisothiazolinon
• PHMB polyhexanid Poly(iminocarbonylimidoyl-iminocarbonylimidoylimino-1,6-hexanediyl)-hydrochlorid
• Propioconazol (±)-1-{[2-(2,4-Dichlorphenyl)-4-propyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl]methyl}-H-1,2,4-triazol (IUPAC)
• Folpet N-(Trichlormethylthio)phthalimid
• Chlorkresole,
• Fludioxonil 4-(2,2-Difluor-benzo[1,3]dioxol-4-yl)pyrrol-3-carbonitril (IUPAC),
• Azoxystrobin Methyl-(E)-2-{2-[6-(2-cyanophenoxy)pyrimidin-4-yloxyl]phenyl}-3-methoxyacrylat (IUPAC)
• Quaternäres Ammonium Reaktionsprodukt von N-(C₁₀-C₁₆)-N-Trimethylamin mit Chloressigsäure
• Calcium/Magnesium-Oxid
• Calcium/Magnesium-Oxidtetrahydrate
• Kalkhydrat
• Kalk
• IPBC 3-lod-2-propinyl-butylcarbamat
• Bronopol 2-Brom-2-nitropropan-1,3-diol
• 1R-trans-Phenothrine 3-Phenoxybenzyl-(1R,3R)-2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopropancarboxylat
• 2-Phenoxvethanol
• Diamin N-(3-Aminopropyl)-N-dodecylpropan-1,3-diamin
• DTBMA 2,2'-Dithiobis[N-methylbenzamid]
• DBDCB 2-Brom-2-(brommethyl)pentandinitril
• IPBC 3-Iod-2-propynylbutylcarbamat
• DDAC (C8-10) Didecyldimethylammoniumchlorid
• BBIT 2-Butyl-benzo[d]isothiazol-3-on
• PHMB (1600:1.8) Polyhexamethylenebiguanidehydrochlorid mit einem zahlenmittlerem Molekulargewicht (Mn) von 1600 und einer mittleren Polydispersität (PDI) von 1.8
• MBIT Poly[iminocarbonimidoyliminocarbonimidoylimino-1,6-hexandiyl]hydrochloride 49
• Mischung von CMIT/MIT
• Natriumpyrithion 2-Methyl-1,2-benzothiazol-3(2H)-on
• Pvridin-2-thiol-1-oxid- Natriumsalz
• Reaktionsmasse von Titandioxid und Silberchlorid
• DBNPA 2,2-Dibrom-2-cyanoacetamide
• Zinkpyrithion
• Dodecylguanidinmonohydrochlorid
• p-Diiodmethyl)sulphonyl]toluol
• Dichlofluanid, Euparen N-(Dichlorfluormethylthio)-N',N'-dimethyl-N-phenylsulfamid (IUPAC)
• Thiachloprid, Calypso {(2Z)-3-[(6-Chlor-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-1,3-thiazolidin-2-yliden}cyanamid (IUPAC)
• Chlothianidin (E)-1-(2-chlor-1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)-3-methyl-2-nitroguanidine
• Etofenprox, Trebon 2-(4-Ethoxyphenyl)-2-methylpropyl-3-phenoxybenzylether
• Tebuconazol (RS)-1-tert-Butyl-1-(4-chlorphenethyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)ethanol
• K-HDO N-Cyclohexylhydroxydiazen-1-oxid-Natriumssalz
• Thiabendazol 2-(4-Thiazolyl)-1H-benzimidazol
• Thiamethoxam 3-(2-Chlor-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)-5-methyl(1,3,5)oxadiazinan-4-yliden-N-nitroamin (Zersetzung bei 147°C)
• Fenpropimorph (±)-cis-4-[3-(4-tert-Butylphenyl)-2-methylpropyl]-2,6-dimethylmorpholin (IUPAC; bp. 120°C)
• Borsäure
• Boroxid
• Dinatriumoctaborattetrahydrat
• Dinatriumoctaboratpentahydrat
• Dinatriumtetraboratdecahydrat
• Tolylfluanid N-[Dichlor(fluor)methyl]sulfanyl-N-(dimethylsulfamoyl)-4-methylanilin (IUPAC; Zersetzung ab 150 °C)
• Dazomet 3,5-Dimethylperhydro-1,3,5-thiadiazin-2-thion (Schmelzpunkt 140°C unter Zersetzung)
• Fenoxycarb Ethyl-N-[2-(4-phenoxyphenoxy)ethyl]carbamat
• Bifentrin (1R',3R')-3-(2-Chlor-3,3,3-trifluor-1-propenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropan-carbonsäure(2-methylbiphenyl-3-yl)methylester
• DCOIT 4,5-Dichlor-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-on
• Kupferhydroxid
• Basisches Kupfercarbonat
• Flufenoxuron N-[[4-[2-Chlor-4-(trifluormethyl)phenoxy]-2-fluorphenyl]carbamoyl]-2,6-difluorbenzamid
• DDA carbonate N,N-Didecyl-N,N-dimethylammoniumcarbonat
• ADBAC N-Alkyl-N-benzyl-N,N-dimethylammoniumchlorid
• Chlorfenpyr 4-Bromo-2-(4-chlorphenyl)-1-ethoxymethyl-5-trifluormethyl-pyrrol-3-carbonitril
• Cypermethrin (R,S)-α-Cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl-(1RS)-cis,trans-3-(2,2-dichlorvinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropancarboxylat
• Cu-HDO Bis-(N-cyclohexyldiazeniumdioxy)-kupfer
• Cyproconazol 2-(4-Chlorphenyl)-3-cyclopropyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-ol (IUPAC)
• Permethrin 3-(2,2-Dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropancarbonsäure-(3-phenoxyphenyl)methylester
• Natriumsorbat
• Granuliertes Kupfer
• Didecylmethylpoly(oxyethyl)ammoniumpropionat
• ATMAC/TMAC Cocoalkyltrimethylammoniumchlorid
• OIT 2-Octyl-2H-isothiazol-3-on (Siedepunkt 120°C)
• Penflufen 2'-[(RS)-1,3-Dimethylbutyl]-5-fluor-1,3-dimethylpyrazol-4-carboxanilid
• MBM Natriumdiethyldithiocarbamat
• Difethialon 3-[3-(4'-Brom[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphth-1-yl]-4-hydroxy-2H-1-benzothiopyran-2-on
• Difenacoum 3-(3-(1,1'-Biphenyl)-4-yl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenyl)-4-hydroxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-on
• Chloralose C1,2-O-(2,2,2-Trichlorethyliden)-α-D-glucofuranose
• Bromadiolon 3-(3-(4'-Brom(1,1'-biphenyl)-4-yl)-3-hydroxy-1-phenyl-propyl)-4-hydroxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-on
• Chlorphacinon (RS)-2-(α-(4-Chlorphenyl)phenylacetyl)indan-1,3-dion
• Coumatetralyl 4-Hydroxy-3-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthyl)cumarin
• Flocumafen 4-Hydroxy-3-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-3-(4-(4-trifluormethylbenzyloxy)phenyl)-1-naphthyl)-cumarin
• Warfarin (RS)-4-Hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenyl-butyl)-cumarin (IUPAC)
• Warfarin Natrium
• Brodifacum 3-[3-(4'-Bromo-1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthyl]-4-hydroxycumarin
• Cholecalciferol 3-[2-[7a-Methyl-1-(6-methylheptan-2-yl)- 2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-4-yliden]ethyliden]-4-methyliden-cyclohexan-1-ol
• Indoxocarb (RS)-Methyl-7-chlor-2,3,4a,5-tetrahydro-2-[methoxycarbonyl-(4-trifluormethoxyphenyl)carbamoyl]indeno[1,2-e][1,3,4]oxadiazin-4a-carboxylat
• Methofluthrin (1 RS,3RS;1 SR,3SR)-2,2-Dimethyl-3-(EZ)-(prop-1-enyl)cyclopropancarbonsäure-2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-(methoxymethyl)benzylester
• Spinosad
  
• Imidacloprid 1-(6-Chlor-3-pyridinylmethyl)-N-nitroimidazolidin-2-ylidenamin
• Abamectin
  
• Fipronil (RS)-5-Amino-1-(2,6-dichlor-α,α,α-trifluor-p-tolyl)-4-trifluormethylsulfinyl-1H-pyrazol-3-carbonitril
• Lamba-Cyhalotrin 3-(2-Chlor-3,3,3-trifluor-1-propenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropan-carbonsäure-cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methylester
• Deltamethrin (1R,3R)-[(S)-α-Cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl-3-(2,2-dibromvinyl)]-2,2 - dimethylcyclopropancarboxylat (IUPAC)
• Bendiocarb 2,2-Dimethyl-1,3-benzodioxol-4-yl-N-methylcarbamat
• Pyriproxyfen (RS)-4-Phenoxyphenyl2-(2-pyridyloxy)propylether
• Diflubenzuron N-{[(4-Chlorphenyl)amino]carbonyl}-2,6-difluorbenzamid
• 1R-trans-Phenothrin 2,2-Dimethyl-3-(2-methylpropenyl)cyclopropancarbonsäure-m-phenoxybenzylester
• S-Methopren 11-Methoxy-3,7,11-trimethyl-2,4-dodecadiensäure-1-methylethylester
• Transfluthrin (1R)-trans-3-(2,2-Dichlorvinyl)-2-dimethylcyclopropancarbonsäure-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorbenzylester
• Synthetisches amorphes Siliziumdioxid
• Oberflächenmodifiziertes synthetisches amorphes Siliziumdioxid
• Dinotefuran (RS)-N-Methyl-N'-nitro-N'-[(tetrahydro-3-furanyl)methyl]guanidin
• Hexaflumuron 1-[3,5-Dichlor-4-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluorethoxy)phenyl]-3-(2,6-difluorbenzoyl)harnstoff (IUPAC)
• Cyromazin N-Cyclopropyl-1,3,5-triazin-2,4,6-triamin
• Cyfluthrin alpha-Cyano-4-fluor-3-phenoxybenzyl-3-(2,2-dichlorvinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropancarboxylat
• PBO 5-[2-(2-Butoxyethoxy)ethoxymethyl]-6-propyl-1,3-benzodioxol
• Epsilon-Momfluorothrin 2,3,5,6-Tetrafluor-4-(methoxymethyl)benzyl (1R,3R)-3-[(Z)-2-cyanoprop-1-enyl]-2,2-dimethylcyclopropancarboxylat
• Imiprothrin (2,5-Dioxo-3-prop-2-inylimidazolidin-1-yl)methyl-2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopropan-1-carboxylat
• Acetamiprid (E)-N'-[(6-Chlor-3-pyridyl)methyl]-N²-cyano-N1-methylacetamidin (IUPAC)
• Cyphenotrin [Cyano-(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl]-2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopropan-1-carboxylat
• DEET N,N-Diethyl-3-methylbenzamid
• Nonansäure
• Decansäure
• (Z,E)-TDA (Z,E)-Tetradeca-9,12-dienylacetat
• Methyl nonyl ketone 2-Undecanon
• Zineb Zink-ethylen-1,2-bis-dithiocarbamat
• cis-9-Tricosen
• DCOIT Dichloroctyl-isothiazolinone
• OBPA 10,10'-Oxybisphenoxoarsin
• Kupfer-Pyrithion Pyridin-2-thiol-1-oxid-Kupfer
• Trichlosan Polychlorierte Phenoxyphenole
• Medetomidin (RS)-4-[1-(2,3-Dimethylphenyl)ethyl]-1H-imidazol
• Tralopyril 4-Brom-2-(4-chlorphenyl)-5-(trifluormethyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-carbonitril (IUPAC)
• Kupferflocken beschichtet mit einem Film aus einer aliphatischen Carbonsäuren
• Dikupferoxid-Mikropartikel
• Kupferoxid-Mikropartikel
• Kupferthiocvanat-Mikropartikel
• Silbermikropartikel
• Silberchloridmikropartikel
• Kolloidales Gold
• Kolloidales Silber
• Kolloidales Kupfer
• Kolloidales Zink
• Kolloidales Zinn
• Chlorhexidin (RS)-4-[1-(2,3-Dimethylphenyl)ethyl]-1H-imidazolchlorid und -gluconat
• Octenidin N,N'-(Decan-1,10-diyldi-1(4H)-pyridyl-4-yliden)bis(octylammonium)dichlorid
• Taurolidin 4-[(1,1-Dioxo-1,2,4-thiadiazinan-4-yl)methyl]-1,2,4-thiadiazinan-1,1-dioxide
• 2-Oxido-4-[(2-oxido-1-oxo-1,2,4-thiadiazinan-2-ium-4-yl)methyl]-1,2,4-thiadiazinan-2-ium-1-oxide
• 4-[(1,1-Dioxothiadiazinan-4-yl)methyl]thiadiazinan-1,1-dioxid
• 2-[(1,1-Dioxo-1,2,4-thiadiazinan-2-yl)methyl]-1,2,4-thiadiazinan-1,1-dioxid
• 3-[(1,1-Dioxo-1,2,4-thiadiazinan-3-yl)methyl]-1,2,4-thiadiazinan-1,1-dioxid
• 2-Hydroxy-4-H2-hydroxy-1-oxo-1,2,4-thiadiazinan-4-yl)methyl]-1,2,4-thiadiazinan-1-oxid
• N-(4-Azidobutyl)-2-methylsulfonylethansulfonamid
• 4-N-Cyclopropylpiperazin-1,4-disulfonamid
• (2,2-Dimethyl-1-methylsulfonylpropyl)-(methyldiazenyl)sulfonyldiazen
• 6-Methyl-N-[1-(methylamino)ethenyl]-1,1-dioxo-1,2,6-thiadiazinan-2-sulfonamid
• Azodicarbonamid
• Cicloxolone Natrium 18beta-glycyrrhetinsäure-(H)-(1R)-cis-cyclohexan-1,2-dicarboxylat
• Dichlorisocyanursäure-Natriumsalz
• Kongorot Dinatrium-3,3'-[4,4'-biphenyldiyldi(E)-2,1-diazenediyl]bis(4-amino-1-naphthalinsulfonat) (IUPAC)
• Para-aminobenzoesäure
• Bis(monosuccinamid)-Derivat von p,p'-Bis(2-aminoethyl)diphenyl-C60 (Fulleren)
• Merocyanin 1-Methyl-4-[(oxocyclohexadienyliden)ethyliden]-1,4-dihydropyridin
• Bengal Rosa, Acid Red 94 4,5,6,7-Tetrachloro-3',6'-dihydroxy-2',4',5',7'-tetraiodspiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-[9H]xanthen]-3-on
• Hypericin 1,3,4,6,8,13-Hexahydroxy-10,11-dimethylphenanthro[1,10,9,8-opqra]perylen-7,14-dion (IUPAC)
• Hypocrellin (12R,13S)-12-Acetyl-9,13,17-trihydroxy-5,10,16,21-tetramethoxy-13-methylhexacyclo[13.8.0.0^2,11.0^3,8.0^4,22.0^18,23]tricosa-1(15),2(11),3(8),4(22),5,9,16,18(23),20-nonaen-7,19-dion
• Von Pflanzen extrahierte Anthrachinone
• Sulfonierte Anthrachinone
• Anthrachinonderivative Acid blue 40 und 129, Acid black 48, Alizarin violet R, Reactive blue 2
• Gramicidin Lineares Pentadecapeptid
• Gossypol 2,2'-Bis(formyl-1,6,7-trihydroxy-5-isopropyl-3-methylnaphthalin)
• Extrakte von ledum palustre, leonurus cardiaca, Celandine, Schwarzer Johannisbeere, Preiselbeere und Blaubeere
• Alkaloide und Phytosterylester Marigenolkonzentrate, enthaltend Taxol und/oder Taxanester als Wirkstoffe
• Extrakte von Cordia salicifolia
• Dampfdestillat von Houttuvnia cordata (Saururaceae) und seinen Bestandteilen 5,6,7-Trimethoxyflavon von Calicarpa iaponica
• Isocullarein 5,7,8,4'-Tetrahydroxyflavon von Scutellaria baikalensis undnd Isocutellarein-8-methylether
• Amantadin 1-Tricyclo[3.3.1.1^3,7]decylamin (IUPAC)
• Sialinsäure Neuraminsäure
• Zanamivir (4S,5R,6R)-5-Acetylamino-4-guanidino-6-[(1R,2R)-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl]-5,6-dihydro-4H-pyran-2-carbonsäure
• Oseltamivir (3R,4R,5S)-4-Acetamido-5-amino-3-(1-ethylpropoxy)cyclohex-1-en-1-carbonsäureethylester
• Rimantadin (RS)-Adamantan-1-yl-ethylamin (IUPAC)
• Diuron 3-(3,4-Dichlorphenyl)-1,1-dimethylharnstoff
• Quaternisiertes Chitosan (vg., A. Domard et al., „New method for the quaternization of chitosan“, International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Band 8, Ausgabe 2, April, 1986, Seiten 105-107) .

Preference is given to using biocides, in particular bactericides and / or virucides, which are approved by state or intergovernmental authorities. In particular, the biocides are selected from the following group:

• Biphenyl-2ol
• DCCP 1- (2,3-dichlorophenyl) piperazine
• L (+) - lactic acid
• citric acid
• Ascorbic acid
• WITH methylisothiazolinone
• CMIT, CMI, MCI chloromethylisothiazolinone
• BIT benzisothiazolinone
• OIT, Ol Octylisothiazolinone
• DCOIT, DCOI dichlorooctylisothiazolinone
• BBIT butylbenzisothiazolinone
• PHMB polyhexanide poly (iminocarbonylimidoyl-iminocarbonylimidoylimino-1,6-hexanediyl) hydrochloride
• Propioconazole (±) -1 - {[2- (2,4-dichlorophenyl) -4-propyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl] methyl} -H-1,2,4-triazole (IUPAC)
• Folpet N- (trichloromethylthio) phthalimide
• Chlorinated cresols,
• Fludioxonil 4- (2,2-difluoro-benzo [1,3] dioxol-4-yl) pyrrole-3-carbonitrile (IUPAC),
• Azoxystrobin methyl (E) -2- {2- [6- (2-cyanophenoxy) pyrimidin-4-yloxyl] phenyl} -3-methoxyacrylate (IUPAC)
• Quaternary ammonium reaction product of N- (C ₁₀ -C ₁₆ ) -N-trimethylamine with chloroacetic acid
• Calcium / magnesium oxide
• Calcium / magnesium oxide tetrahydrates
• Hydrated lime
• lime
• IPBC 3-iodo-2-propynyl butyl carbamate
• Bronopol 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol
• 1R-trans-phenothrins 3-phenoxybenzyl- (1R, 3R) -2,2-dimethyl-3- (2-methylprop-1-enyl) cyclopropanecarboxylate
• 2-phenoxy ethanol
• Diamine N- (3-aminopropyl) -N-dodecylpropane-1,3-diamine
• DTBMA 2,2'-dithiobis [N-methylbenzamide]
• DBDCB 2-bromo-2- (bromomethyl) pentanedinitrile
• IPBC 3-iodo-2-propynyl butyl carbamate
• DDAC (C8-10) didecyldimethylammonium chloride
• BBIT 2-butyl-benzo [d] isothiazol-3-one
• PHMB (1600: 1.8) polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride with a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 1600 and an average polydispersity (PDI) of 1.8
• MBIT poly [iminocarbonimidoyliminocarbonimidoylimino-1,6-hexanediyl] hydrochloride 49
• Mixture of CMIT / MIT
• Sodium pyrithione 2-methyl-1,2-benzothiazol-3 (2H) -one
• Pvridine-2-thiol-1-oxide sodium salt
• Reaction mass of titanium dioxide and silver chloride
• DBNPA 2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide
• Zinc pyrithione
• Dodecylguanidine monohydrochloride
• p-diiodomethyl) sulphonyl] toluene
• Dichlofluanid, Euparen N- (dichlorofluoromethylthio) -N ', N'-dimethyl-N-phenylsulfamide (IUPAC)
• Thiachloprid, Calypso {(2Z) -3 - [(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl) methyl] -1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene} cyanamide (IUPAC)
• Chlothianidin (E) -1- (2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl) -3-methyl-2-nitroguanidines
• Etofenprox, Trebon 2- (4-ethoxyphenyl) -2-methylpropyl-3-phenoxybenzyl ether
• Tebuconazole (RS) -1-tert -butyl-1- (4-chlorophenethyl) -2- (1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl) ethanol
• K-HDO N-Cyclohexylhydroxydiazene-1-oxide sodium salt
• Thiabendazole 2- (4-thiazolyl) -1H-benzimidazole
• Thiamethoxam 3- (2-chlorothiazol-5-ylmethyl) -5-methyl (1,3,5) oxadiazinan-4-ylidene-N-nitroamine (decomposes at 147 ° C)
• Fenpropimorph (±) -cis-4- [3- (4-tert-butylphenyl) -2-methylpropyl] -2,6-dimethylmorpholine (IUPAC; bp. 120 ° C)
• Boric acid
• Boron oxide
• Disodium octaborate tetrahydrate
• Disodium octaborate pentahydrate
• Disodium tetraborate decahydrate
• Tolylfluanid N- [dichloro (fluoro) methyl] sulfanyl-N- (dimethylsulfamoyl) -4-methylaniline (IUPAC; decomposition from 150 ° C)
• Dazomet 3,5-Dimethylperhydro-1,3,5-thiadiazin-2-thione (melting point 140 ° C with decomposition)
• Fenoxycarb ethyl N- [2- (4-phenoxyphenoxy) ethyl] carbamate
• Bifentrine (1R ', 3R') - 3- (2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propenyl) -2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-carboxylic acid (2-methylbiphenyl-3-yl) methyl ester
• DCOIT 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one
• Copper hydroxide
• Basic copper carbonate
• Flufenoxuron N - [[4- [2-chloro-4- (trifluoromethyl) phenoxy] -2-fluorophenyl] carbamoyl] -2,6-difluorobenzamide
• DDA carbonate N, N-Didecyl-N, N-dimethylammonium carbonate
• ADBAC N-alkyl-N-benzyl-N, N-dimethylammonium chloride
• Chlorfenpyr 4-bromo-2- (4-chlorophenyl) -1-ethoxymethyl-5-trifluoromethyl-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile
• Cypermethrin (R, S) -α-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl- (1RS) -cis, trans -3- (2,2-dichlorovinyl) -2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate
• Cu-HDO Bis (N-cyclohexyldiazeniumdioxy) copper
• Cyproconazole 2- (4-chlorophenyl) -3-cyclopropyl-1- (1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl) butan-2-ol (IUPAC)
• Permethrin 3- (2,2-dichloroethenyl) -2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid (3-phenoxyphenyl) methyl ester
• Sodium sorbate
• Granulated copper
• Didecylmethyl poly (oxyethyl) ammonium propionate
• ATMAC / TMAC cocoalkyl trimethyl ammonium chloride
• OIT 2-Octyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (boiling point 120 ° C)
• Penflufen 2 '- [(RS) -1,3-dimethylbutyl] -5-fluoro-1,3-dimethylpyrazole-4-carboxanilide
• MBM sodium diethyldithiocarbamate
• Difethialon 3- [3- (4'-bromo [1,1'-biphenyl] -4-yl) -1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphth-1-yl] -4-hydroxy-2H-1-benzothiopyran- 2-on
• Difenacoum 3- (3- (1,1'-biphenyl) -4-yl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenyl) -4-hydroxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one
• Chloralose C1,2-O- (2,2,2-trichloroethylidene) -α-D-glucofuranose
• Bromadiolone 3- [3- (4'-Bromo (1,1'-biphenyl) -4-yl) -3-hydroxy-1-phenyl-propyl) -4-hydroxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one
• Chlorophacinone (RS) -2- (α- (4-chlorophenyl) phenylacetyl) indan-1,3-dione
• Coumatetralyl 4-hydroxy-3- (1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthyl) coumarin
• Flocumafen 4-hydroxy-3- (1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-3- (4- (4-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy) phenyl) -1-naphthyl) -coumarin
• Warfarin (RS) -4-Hydroxy-3- (3-oxo-1-phenyl-butyl) -coumarin (IUPAC)
• Warfarin sodium
• Brodifacum 3- [3- (4'-bromo-1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl) -1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthyl] -4-hydroxycoumarin
• Cholecalciferol 3- [2- [7a-methyl-1- (6-methylheptan-2-yl) - 2,3,3a, 5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-4-ylidene] ethylidene] -4- methylidene-cyclohexan-1-ol
• Indoxocarb (RS) -Methyl-7-chloro-2,3,4a, 5-tetrahydro-2- [methoxycarbonyl- (4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl) carbamoyl] indeno [1,2-e] [1,3,4] oxadiazine- 4a-carboxylate
• Methofluthrin (1 RS, 3RS; 1 SR, 3SR) -2,2-dimethyl-3- (EZ) - (prop-1-enyl) cyclopropanecarboxylic acid 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4- (methoxymethyl) benzyl ester
• Spinosad
  
• Imidacloprid 1- (6-chloro-3-pyridinylmethyl) -N-nitroimidazolidin-2-ylidenamine
• Abamectin
  
• Fipronil (RS) -5-amino-1- (2,6-dichloro-α, α, α-trifluoro-p-tolyl) -4-trifluoromethylsulfinyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile
• Lamba-cyhalotrin 3- (2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propenyl) -2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropane-carboxylic acid cyano (3-phenoxyphenyl) methyl ester
• Deltamethrin (1R, 3R) - [(S) -α-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl-3- (2,2-dibromovinyl)] - 2,2 - dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate (IUPAC)
• Bendiocarb 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-benzodioxol-4-yl-N-methylcarbamate
• Pyriproxyfen (RS) -4-phenoxyphenyl 2- (2-pyridyloxy) propyl ether
• Diflubenzuron N - {[(4-chlorophenyl) amino] carbonyl} -2,6-difluorobenzamide
• 1R-trans-phenothrin 2,2-dimethyl-3- (2-methylpropenyl) cyclopropanecarboxylic acid m-phenoxybenzyl ester
• S-methoprene 11-methoxy-3,7,11-trimethyl-2,4-dodecadienoic acid 1-methylethyl ester
• Transfluthrin (1R) -trans -3- (2,2-dichlorovinyl) -2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid 2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzyl ester
• Synthetic amorphous silicon dioxide
• Surface modified synthetic amorphous silicon dioxide
• Dinotefuran (RS) -N-methyl-N'-nitro-N '- [(tetrahydro-3-furanyl) methyl] guanidine
• Hexaflumuron 1- [3,5-dichloro-4- (1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy) phenyl] -3- (2,6-difluorobenzoyl) urea (IUPAC)
• Cyromazine N-Cyclopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine
• Cyfluthrin alpha-cyano-4-fluoro-3-phenoxybenzyl-3- (2,2-dichlorovinyl) -2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate
• PBO 5- [2- (2-butoxyethoxy) ethoxymethyl] -6-propyl-1,3-benzodioxole
• Epsilon momfluorothrin 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4- (methoxymethyl) benzyl (1R, 3R) -3 - [(Z) -2-cyanoprop-1-enyl] -2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate
• Imiprothrin (2,5-dioxo-3-prop-2-ynylimidazolidin-1-yl) methyl 2,2-dimethyl-3- (2-methylprop-1-enyl) cyclopropane-1-carboxylate
• Acetamiprid (E) -N '- [(6-chloro-3-pyridyl) methyl] -N ² -cyano-N1-methylacetamidine (IUPAC)
• Cyphenotrin [cyano- (3-phenoxyphenyl) methyl] -2,2-dimethyl-3- (2-methylprop-1-enyl) cyclopropane-1-carboxylate
• DEET N, N-Diethyl-3-methylbenzamide
• Nonanoic acid
• Decanoic acid
• (Z, E) -TDA (Z, E) -Tetradeca-9,12-dienyl acetate
• Methyl nonyl ketone 2-undecanone
• Zineb zinc-ethylene-1,2-bis-dithiocarbamate
• cis-9 tricoses
• DCOIT Dichloroctyl-isothiazolinone
• OBPA 10,10'-oxybisphenoxoarsine
• Copper pyrithione pyridine-2-thiol-1-oxide-copper
• Trichlosan polychlorinated phenoxyphenols
• Medetomidin (RS) -4- [1- (2,3-Dimethylphenyl) ethyl] -1H-imidazole
• Tralopyril 4-bromo-2- (4-chlorophenyl) -5- (trifluoromethyl) -1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile (IUPAC)
• Copper flakes coated with a film of an aliphatic carboxylic acid
• Dicopper oxide microparticles
• Copper oxide microparticles
• Copper thiocvanate microparticles
• Silver microparticles
• Silver chloride microparticles
• Colloidal gold
• Colloidal Silver
• Colloidal copper
• Colloidal zinc
• Colloidal tin
• Chlorhexidine (RS) -4- [1- (2,3-Dimethylphenyl) ethyl] -1H-imidazole chloride and gluconate
• Octenidine N, N '- (Decane-1,10-diyldi-1 (4H) -pyridyl-4-ylidene) bis (octylammonium) dichloride
• Taurolidine 4 - [(1,1-dioxo-1,2,4-thiadiazinan-4-yl) methyl] -1,2,4-thiadiazinan-1,1-dioxides
• 2-Oxido-4 - [(2-oxido-1-oxo-1,2,4-thiadiazinan-2-ium-4-yl) methyl] -1,2,4-thiadiazinan-2-ium-1-oxides
• 4 - [(1,1-Dioxothiadiazinan-4-yl) methyl] thiadiazinan-1,1-dioxide
• 2 - [(1,1-Dioxo-1,2,4-thiadiazinan-2-yl) methyl] -1,2,4-thiadiazinan-1,1-dioxide
• 3 - [(1,1-Dioxo-1,2,4-thiadiazinan-3-yl) methyl] -1,2,4-thiadiazinan-1,1-dioxide
• 2-hydroxy-4-H2-hydroxy-1-oxo-1,2,4-thiadiazinan-4-yl) methyl] -1,2,4-thiadiazinan-1-oxide
• N- (4-Azidobutyl) -2-methylsulfonylethanesulfonamide
• 4-N-Cyclopropylpiperazine-1,4-disulfonamide
• (2,2-Dimethyl-1-methylsulfonylpropyl) - (methyldiazenyl) sulfonyldiazene
• 6-methyl-N- [1- (methylamino) ethenyl] -1,1-dioxo-1,2,6-thiadiazinane-2-sulfonamide
• Azodicarbonamide
• Cicloxolone Sodium 18beta-glycyrrhetinic acid- (H) - (1R) -cis-cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate
• Dichloroisocyanuric acid sodium salt
• Congo red disodium 3,3 '- [4,4'-biphenyldiyldi (E) -2,1-diazenediyl] bis (4-amino-1-naphthalenesulfonate) (IUPAC)
• Para-aminobenzoic acid
• Bis (monosuccinamide) derivative of p, p'-bis (2-aminoethyl) diphenyl-C60 (fullerene)
• Merocyanine 1-methyl-4 - [(oxocyclohexadienylidene) ethylidene] -1,4-dihydropyridine
• Bengal Rosa, Acid Red 94 4,5,6,7-tetrachloro-3 ', 6'-dihydroxy-2', 4 ', 5', 7'-tetraiodspiro [isobenzofuran-1 (3H), 9 '- [9H ] xanthene] -3-one
• Hypericin 1,3,4,6,8,13-hexahydroxy-10,11-dimethylphenanthro [1,10,9,8-opqra] perylene-7,14-dione (IUPAC)
• Hypocrelline (12R, 13S) -12-acetyl-9,13,17-trihydroxy-5,10,16,21-tetramethoxy-13-methylhexacyclo [13.8.0.0 ^2.11 .0 ^3.8 .0 ^4.22 . 0 ^18.23 ] tricosa-1 (15), 2 (11), 3 (8), 4 (22), 5,9,16,18 (23), 20-nonaene-7,19-dione
• Anthraquinones extracted from plants
• Sulfonated anthraquinones
• Anthraquinone derivatives Acid blue 40 and 129, Acid black 48, Alizarin violet R, Reactive blue 2
• Gramicidin linear pentadecapeptide
• Gossypol 2,2'-bis (formyl-1,6,7-trihydroxy-5-isopropyl-3-methylnaphthalene)
• Extracts of ledum palustre, leonurus cardiaca, celandine, black currant, lingonberry and blueberry
• Alkaloids and phytosteryl esters marigenol concentrates containing taxol and / or taxane esters as active ingredients
• Cordia salicifolia extracts
• Steam distillate of Houttuvnia cordata (Saururaceae) and its components 5,6,7-trimethoxyflavone from Calicarpa iaponica
• Isocullarein 5,7,8,4'-tetrahydroxyflavone from Scutellaria baikalensis and and isocutellarein 8-methyl ether
• Amantadine 1-Tricyclo [3.3.1.1 ^3.7 ] decylamine (IUPAC)
• Sialic acid neuraminic acid
• Zanamivir (4S, 5R, 6R) -5-acetylamino-4-guanidino-6 - [(1R, 2R) -1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl] -5,6-dihydro-4H-pyran-2-carboxylic acid
• Oseltamivir (3R, 4R, 5S) -4-acetamido-5-amino-3- (1-ethylpropoxy) cyclohex-1-en-1-carboxylic acid ethyl ester
• Rimantadine (RS) -Adamantan-1-yl-ethylamine (IUPAC)
• Diuron 3- (3,4-dichlorophenyl) -1,1-dimethylurea
• Quaternized chitosan (see A. Domard et al., "New method for the quaternization of chitosan", International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Volume 8, Issue 2, April, 1986, pages 105-107) .

(A detailed description of some of these virucides can be found in A. S. Galabov, "Virucidal agents in the of manorapid synergy ™", in GMS Hospital Hygiene Interdisciplinary, 2007 2 (1): Doc 18).

Further suitable bactericides and / or virucides are polyoxometalates, which are referred to below with the abbreviation “POM”.

The elemental composition and the structure of the POM can vary very widely.

• - das Lindquist-Hexamolybdatanion, Mo₆O₁₉ ^2-,
• - das Decavanadatanion, V₁₀O₂₈ ^6-,
• - das Paratungstatanion, H₂W₁₂O₄₂ ^10-,
• - Mo₃₆-Polymolybdate, Mo₃₆O₁₁₂(H₂O)^8-,
• - die Strandberg-Struktur, HP₂Mo₅O₂₃ ^4-,
• - die Keggin-Struktur, XM₁₂O₄₀ ^n-,
• - die Doppel-Keggin-Struktur,
• - die Keggin-Sandwichstruktur,
• - die monolacunare Keggin-Struktur,
• - die dilacunare Keggin-Struktur,
• - die Wells-Dawson-Struktur, X₂M₁₈O₆₂ ^n-,
• - die Anderson-Struktur, XM₆O₂₄ ^n-,
• - die Allman-Waugh-Struktur, X₁₂M₁₈O₃₂ ^n-,
• - die Weakley-Yamase- Struktur, XM₁₀O₃₆ ^n-, und
• - die Dexter-Silverton-Struktur, XM₁₂O₄₂ ^n-.

For example, the division of the POM into the following structures is known:

• - the Lindquist hexamolybdate anion, Mo ₆ O ₁₉ ^2- ,
• - the decavanadate anion, V ₁₀ O ₂₈ ^6- ,
• - the Paratungstatanion, H ₂ W ₁₂ O ₄₂ ^10- ,
• - Mo ₃₆ -polymolybdates, Mo ₃₆ O ₁₁₂ (H ₂ O) ^8- ,
• - the Strandberg structure, HB ₂ Mo ₅ O ₂₃ ^4- ,
• - the Keggin structure, XM ₁₂ O ₄₀ ^n- ,
• - the double keggin structure,
• - the Keggin sandwich structure,
• - the monolacunar Keggin structure,
• - the dilacunar Keggin structure,
• - the Wells-Dawson structure, X ₂ M ₁₈ O ₆₂ ^n- ,
• - the Anderson structure, XM ₆ O ₂₄ ^n- ,
• - the Allman-Waugh structure, X ₁₂ M ₁₈ O ₃₂ ^n- ,
• - the Weakley-Yamase structure, XM ₁₀ O ₃₆ ^n- , and
• - the Dexter-Silverton structure, XM ₁₂ O ₄₂ ^n- .

The exponent n is an integer from 3 to 20 denotes the valency of an anion, which varies depending on the variables X and M.

• - (BW₁₂O₄₀)^5- (I),
• - (W₁₀O₃₂)^4- (II),
• - (P₂W₁₈O₆₂)^6- (III),
• - (PW₁₁O₃₉)^7- (IV),
• - (SiW₁₁O₃₉)^8- (V),
• - (HSiW₉O₃₄)^9- (VI),
• - (HPW₉O₃₄)^8- (VII),
• - (TM)₄(PW₉O₃₄)^t- (VIII),
• - (TM)₄(P₂W₁₅O₅₆)₂ ^t- (IX),
• - (NaP₅W₃₀O₁₁₀)^14- (X),
• - (TM)₃(PW₉O₃₄)₂ ^12- (XI) und
• - (P₂W₁₈O₆)^6- (XII).

The formulas I to XIII can serve as a further ordering principle for POM:

• - (BW ₁₂ O ₄₀ ) ^5- (I),
• - (W ₁₀ O ₃₂ ) ^4- (II),
• - (P ₂ W ₁₈ O ₆₂ ) ^6- (III),
• - (PW ₁₁ O ₃₉ ) ^7- (IV),
• - (SiW ₁₁ O ₃₉ ) ^8- (V),
• - (HSiW ₉ O ₃₄ ) ^9- (VI),
• - (HPW ₉ O ₃₄ ) ^8- (VII),
• - (TM) ₄ (PW ₉ O ₃₄ ) ^t- (VIII),
• - (TM) ₄ (P ₂ W ₁₅ O ₅₆ ) ₂ ^t- (IX),
• - (NaP ₅ W ₃₀ O ₁₁₀ ) ^14- (X),
• - (TM) ₃ (PW ₉ O ₃₄ ) ₂ ^12- (XI) and
• - (P ₂ W ₁₈ O ₆ ) ^6- (XII).

In the formulas I to XII, TM stands for a divalent or trivalent transition metal ion such as Mn ²⁺ , Fe ²⁺ , Fe ³⁺ , Co ²⁺ , Co ³⁺ , Ni ²⁺ , Cu ²⁺ and Zn ²⁺ . The exponent t is an integer and denotes the valency of an anion, which varies depending on the valency of the variable TM.

• - (A_xGa_yNb_aO_b)^z- (XIII).

POMs of the general formula XIII can also be considered:

• - (A _x Ga _y Nb _a O _b ) ^z- (XIII).

In the formula XIII, the variable A stands for phosphorus, silicon or germanium and the index x stands for 0 or an integer from 1 to 40. The index y stands for an integer from 1 to 10, the index a stands for one integer from 1 to 8 and the subscript b is an integer from 15 to 150. The exponent z varies depending on the nature and the degree of oxidation of the variable A. Aquacomplexes and the active fragments of POM XIII are also possible.

When the index x is equal to 0, y is preferably equal to 6-a, where the index a is equal to an integer from 1 to 5 and the index b is 19.

If the variable A is silicon or germanium, the index x is 2, the index y is 18, the index a is 6, and the index b is 77.

If the variable A is equal to P, the index x is equal to 2 or 4, the index y is equal to 12, 15, 17 or 30, the index a is equal to 1, 3 or 6 and the index b is equal to 62 or 123.

The isomers of POM can also be used. The Keggin structure has five isomers, the alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon structure. Furthermore, defect structures or lacunar structures as well as partial structures come into consideration.

The anions I to XIII are preferably used in the form of salts with cations which are approved for cleaning and personal care and pharmaceutical use.

Examples of suitable cations are

• - monovalent cations such as hydrogen, lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, copper (I) and silver ions;
• - divalent cations such as magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, copper (II), iron (II), nickel, cobalt, tin (II) and zinc ions;
• - trivalent cations such as aluminum, iron (III), lanthanoid and actinide ions;
• - tetravalent cations such as lead (IV) cations;
• - mono-, di-, tri- or tetra- (C ₁ -C ₂₀ alkylammonium) as Pentadecyldimethylferrocenylmethylammonium, Undecyldimethylferrocenylmethylammonium, hexadecyltrimethylammonium, octadecyltrimethylammonium, didodecyldimethylammonium, Ditetradecyldimethylammonium, dihexadecyl dimethylammonium, Dioctadecyldimethylammonium, Dioctadecylviologen, Trioctadecylmethylammonium and tetrabutylammonium;
• - Mono-, di-, tri- or tetra- (C ₁ -C ₂₀ -alkanolammonium) such as ethanolammonium, diethanolammonium and triethanolammonium; and
• - Monocations of naturally occurring amino acids such as histidinium (HISH ⁺ ), argininium (ARGH ⁺ ) or lysinium (LYSH ⁺ ) or oligo- or polypeptides with one or more protonated basic amino acid residues.

[See. e.g. US 6,020,369, column 3, line 6, to column 4, line 29]

There are also natural, modified natural and synthetic cationic oligomers and polymers, i.e., oligomers and polymers which have primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary ammonium groups, primary, secondary and tertiary sulfonium groups and / or primary, secondary and tertiary phosphonium groups. Synthetic oligomers and polymers are customary and known and are used, for example, in electrodeposition paints. Examples of natural cationic oligomers and polymers are polyaminoaccharides such as polyglucosamines such as chitin, N-acetylglycosides and in particular chitosan.

The chain length and the molecular weight of the chitosan can be varied very widely. For example, chitosans with short and long chain lengths and / or low and high molecular weights can be used. They can be linked to the POM by chemical crosslinking, entanglement with the polymeric chains and / or by covalent and / or ionic bonds, by hydrogen bonds and / or by Van der Waals forces and / or London forces.

Examples of suitable POMs can be found in Table 2. Table 2: Molecular formulas of suitable POM ^a ) No. Molecular formula Structural family 1 [(NMP) ₂ H] ₃ PW ₁₂ O ₄₀ 2 [(DMA) ₂ H] ₃ PMO ₁₂ O ₄₀ 3 (NH ₄ ) ₁₇ Na [NaSb ₉ W ₂₁ O ₈₆ ] Inorganic cryptate 4th a- and bH ₅ BW ₁₂ O ₄₀ " 5 a- and bH ₆ ZnW ₁₂ O ₄₀ " 6th a- and bH ₆ P ₂ W ₁₈ O ₆₂ " 7th alpha- (NH ₄ ) ₆ P ₂ W ₁₈ O ₆₂ Wells-Dawson structure 8th K ₁₀ Cu ₄ (H ₂ O) ₂ (PW ₉ O ₃₄ ) ₂ .20H ₂ O " 9 K ₁₀ Co ₄ (H ₂ O) ₂ (PW ₉ O ₃₄ ) ₂ .20H ₂ O " 10 Na ₇ PW ₁₁ O ₃₉ " Na ₇ PW ₁₁ O ₃₉ .20H ₂ O + 2 C ₆ H ₅ P (O) (OH) ₂ " 11 [(n-Butyl) ₄ N] ₄ H ₃ PW ₁₁ O ₃₉ " 12th b-Na ₈ HPW ₉ O ₃₄ " 13th [(n-Butyl) ₄ N] ₃ PMoW ₁₁ O ₃₉ " 14th a - [(n-Butyl) ₄ N] ₄ Mo8O26 " 15th [(n-Butyl) ₄ N] ₂ W ₆ O ₁₉ " 16 [(n-Butyl) ₄ N] ₂ Mo ₆ O ₁₉ " 17th a- (NH ₄ ) _n H _(4-n) SiW ₁₂ O ₄₀ " 18th a- (NH ₄ ) _n H _(5-n) BW ₁₂ O ₄₀ " 19th aK ₅ BW ₁₂ O ₄₀ " 20th K ₄ W ₄ O ₁₀ (O ₂ ) ₆ " 21 b-Na ₉ HSiW ₉ O ₃₄ " 22nd Na ₆ H ₂ W ₁₂ O ₄₀ 23 (NH ₄ ) ₁₄ [NaP ₅ W ₃₀ O ₁₁₀ ] Preyssler structure 24 a- (NH ₄ ) ₅ BW ₁₂ O ₄₀ " 25th a-Na ₅ BW ₁₂ O ₄₀ " 26th (NH ₄ ) ₄ W ₁₀ O ₃₂ " "27 (Me ₄ N) ₄ W ₁₀ O ₃₂ " 28 (HISH ⁺ ) _n H _(5-n) BW ₁₂ O ₄₀ " 29 (LYSH ⁺ ) _n H _(5-n) BW ₁₂ O ₄₀ " 30th (ARGH ⁺ ) _n H _(5-n) BW ₁₂ O ₄₀ " 31 (HISH ⁺ ) _n H _(4-n) SiW ₁₂ O ₄₀ " 32 (LYSH ⁺ ) _n H _(4-n) SiW ₁₂ O ₄₀ " 34 (ARGH ⁺ ) _n H _(4-n) SiW ₁₂ O ₄₀ " 35 K ₁₂ [EuP ₅ W ₃₀ O ₁₁₀ ] .22H ₂ O ^b) " 36 aK ₈ SiW ₁₁ O ₃₉ " 37 K ₁₀ (H ₂ W ₁₂ O ₄₂ ) " 38 K ₁₂ Ni ₃ (II) (PW ₉ O ₃₄ ) ₂ .nH ₂ O " 39 (NH ₄ ) ₁₀ Co ₄ (II) (PW ₉ O ₃₄ ) ₂ .nH ₂ O " 40 K ₁₂ Pd ₃ (II) (PW ₉ O ₃₄ ) ₂ .nH ₂ O " 41 Na ₁₂ P ₂ W ₁₅ O ₅₆ .18H ₂ O Lacunar (defective) structure 42 Na ₁₆ Cu ₄ (H ₂ O) ₂ (P ₂ W ₁₅ O ₅₆ ) ₂ .nH ₂ O " 43 Na ₁₆ Zn ₄ (H ₂ O) ₂ (P ₂ W ₁₅ O ₅₆ ) ₂ .nH ₂ O " 44 Na ₁₆ Co ₄ (H ₂ O) ₂ (P ₂ W ₁₅ O ₅₆ ) ₂ .nH ₂ O " 45 Na ₁₆ N _i4 (H ₂ O) ₂ (P ₂ W ₁₅ O _{50) 2} · nH ₂ O Wells-Dawson sandwich structure 46 Na ₁₆ Mn ₄ (H ₂ O) ₂ (P ₂ W ₁₅ O ₅₆ ) ₂ .nH ₂ O " 47 Na ₁₆ Fe ₄ (H ₂ O) ₂ (P ₂ W ₁₅ O ₅₆ ) ₂ .nH ₂ O " 48 K ₁₀ Zn ₄ (H ₂ O) ₂ (PW ₉ O ₃₄ ) ₂ .20H ₂ O Keggin sandwich structure 49 K ₁₀ Ni ₄ (H ₂ O) ₂ (PW ₉ O ₃₄ ) ₂ .nH ₂ O " 50 K ₁₀ Mn ₄ (H ₂ O) ₂ (PW ₉ O ₃₄ ) ₂ .nH ₂ O " 51 K ₁₀ Fe ₄ (H ₂ O) ₂ (PW ₉ O ₃₄ ) ₂ .nH ₂ O " 52 K ₁₂ Cu ₃ (PW ₉ O ₃₄ ) ₂ .nH ₂ O " 53 K ₁₂ (CoH ₂ O) ₃ (PW ₉ O ₃₄ ) ₂ .nH ₂ O " 54 K ₁₂ Zn ₃ (PN ₉ O ₃₄ ) ₂ .15H ₂ O " 55 K ₁₂ Mn ₃ (PW ₉ O ₃₄ ) ₂ .15H ₂ O " 56 K ₁₂ Fe ₃ (PW ₉ O ₃₄ ) ₂ .25H ₂ O " 57 (ARGH ⁺ ) ₁₀ (NH ₄ ) ₇ Na [NaSb ₉ W ₂₁ O ₈₆ ] " 58 (ARGH ⁺ ) ₅ HW ₁₁ O ₃₉ .17H ₂ O " 59 K ₇ Ti ₂ W ₁₀ O ₄₀ " 60 [(CH ₃ ) ₄ N] ₇ Ti ₂ W ₁₀ O ₄₀ " 61 Cs ₇ Ti ₂ W ₁₀ O ₄₀ " 62 [HISH ⁺ ] ₇ Ti ₂ W ₁₀ O ₄₀ " 63 [LYSH ⁺ ] _n Na _7-n PTi ₂ W ₁₀ O ₄₀ " 64 [ARGH ⁺ ] _n Na ₇ -n PTi ₂ W ₁₀ O ₄₀ " 65 [n-Butyl ₄ N ⁺ ] ₃ H ₃ V ₁₀ O ₂₈ " 66 K ₇ HNb ₆ O ₁₉ .13H2O " 67 [(CH ₃ ) ₄ N ⁺ ] ₄ SiW ₁₁ O ₃₉ -O [SiCH ₂ CH ₂ C (O) OCH ₃ ] ₂ Organically modified structure 68 [(CH ₃ ) ₄ N ⁺ ] ₄ PW ₁₁ O ₃₉ - (SiCH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ CN) " 69 [(CH ₃ ) ₄ N ⁺ ] ₄ PW ₁₁ O ₃₉ - (SiCH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ Cl) " 70 [(CH ₃ ) ₄ N ⁺ ] ₄ PW ₁₁ O ₃₉ - (SiCH ₂ = CH ₂ ) " 71 Cs ₄ [SiW11O ₃₉ - (SiCH ₂ CH ₂ C (O) OCH ₃ ) ₂ ] ₄ " 72 Cs ₄ [SiW11O ₃₉ - (SiCH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ CN)] ₄ " 73 Cs ₄ [SiW11O ₃₉ - (SiCH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ Cl) ₂ ] ₄ " 74 Cs ₄ [SiW11O ₃₉ - (SiCH ₂ = CH ₂ )] ₄ " 75 [(CH ₃ ) ₄ N ⁺ ] ₄ SiW ₁₁ O ₃₉ -O- (SiCH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ Cl) ₂ " 76 [(CH ₃ ) ₄ N ⁺ ] ₄ SiW ₁₁ O ₃₉ -O (SiCH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ CN) ₂ " 77 [(CH ₃ ) ₄ N ⁺ ] ₄ SiW ₁₁ O ₃₉ -O (SiCH ₂ = CH ₂ ) ₂ " 78 [(CH ₃ ) ₄ N ⁺ ] ₄ SiW ₁₁ O ₃₉ -O [SiC (CH ₃ )] ₂ " 79 [(CH ₃ ) ₄ N ⁺ ] ₄ SiW ₁₁ O ₃₉ -O [SiCH ₂ CH (CH ₃ )] ₂ " 80 [(CH ₃ ) ₄ N ⁺ ] ₄ SiW ₁₁ O ₃₉ -O [SiCH ₂ CH ₂ C (O) OCH ₃ ] ₂ " 81 K ₅ Mn (II) PW ₁₁ O ₃₉ .nH ₂ O Structure substituted with transition metals 82 K ₈ Mn (II) P ₂ W ₁₇ O ₆₁ .nH ₂ O " 83 K ₆ Mn (II) SiW ₁₁ O ₃₉ .nH ₂ O " 84 K ₅ PW ₁₁ O ₃₉ [Si (CH ₃ ) ₂ ] .nH ₂ O " 85 K ₃ PW ₁₁ O ₄₁ (PC ₆ H ₅ ) ₂ .nH ₂ O " 86 Na ₃ PW ₁₁ O ₄₁ (PC ₆ H ₅ ) ₂ .nH ₂ O " 87 K ₅ PTiW ₁₁ O ₄₀ " 88 Cs ₅ PTiW ₁₁ O ₃₉ " 89 K ₆ SiW ₁₁ O ₃₉ [Si (CH ₃ ) ₂ ] .nH ₂ O " 90 KSiW ₁₁ O ₃₉ [Si (C ₆ H ₅ ) (tert-C ₄ H ₉ )]. NH ₂ O " 91 K ₆ SiW ₁₁ O ₃₉ [Si (C ₆ H ₅ ) ₂ ] -nH ₂ O " 92 K ₇ SiW ₉ ) Nb ₃ O ₄₀ .nH ₂ O " 93 Cs ₇ SiW ₉ Nb ₃ O ₄₀ .nH ₂ O " 94 Cs ₈ Si ₂ W ₁₈ Nb ₆ O ₇₇ .nH ₂ O " 95 [(CH ₃ ) ₃ NH ⁺ ] ₇ SiW ₉ Nb ₃ O ₄₀ .nH ₂ O Substituted Keggin structure 96 (CN ₃ H ₆ ) ₇ SiW ₉ Nb ₃ O ₄₀ .nH ₂ O " 97 (CN ₃ H ₆ ) ₈ Si ₂ W ₁₈ Nb ₆ O ₇₇ .nH ₂ O " 98 Rb ₇ SiW ₉ Nb ₃ O ₄₀ .nH ₂ O " 99 Rb ₈ Si ₂ W ₁₈ Nb ₆ O ₇₇ .nH ₂ O " 100 K ₈ Si ₂ W ₁₈ Nb ₆ O ₇₇ .nH ₂ O " 101 K ₆ P ₂ Mo ₁₈ O ₆₂ .nH ₂ O " 102 (C ₅ H ₅ N) ₇ HSi ₂ W ₁₈ Nb ₆ O ₇₇ .nH ₂ O " 103 (C ₅ H ₅ N) ₇ SiW ₉ Nb ₃ O ₄₀ .nH ₂ O " 104 (ARGH ⁺ ) ₈ SiW ₁₈ Nb ₆ O ₇₇ .18H ₂ O " 105 (LYSH ⁺ ) ₇ KSiW ₁₈ Nb ₆ O ₇₇ .18H ₂ O " 106 (HISH ⁺ ) ₆ K ₂ SiW ₁₈ Nb ₆ O ₇₇ .18H ₂ O " 107 [(CH ₃ ) ₄ N ⁺ ] ₄ SiW ₁₁ O ₃₉ -O (SiCH ₂ CH ₃ ) ₂ " 108 [(CH ₃ ) ₄ N ⁺ ] ₄ SiW ₁₁ O ₃₉ -O (SiCH ₃ ) ₂ " 109 [(CH ₃ ) ₄ N ⁺ ] ₄ SiW ₁₁ O ₃₉ -O (SiC ₁₆ H ₃₃ ) ₂ " 110 Li ₉ P ₂ V ₃ (CH ₃ ) ₃ W ₁₂ O ₆₂ " 111 Li ₇ HSi ₂ W ₁₈ Nb ₆ O ₇₇ " 112 Cs ₉ P ₂ V ₃ CH ₃ W ₁₂ O ₆₂ " 113 Cs ₁₂ P ₂ V ₃ W ₁₂ O ₆₂ " 114 K ₄ H ₂ PV ₄ W ₈ O ₄₀ " 115 Na ₁₂ P ₄ W ₁₄ O ₅₈ " 116 Na ₁₄ H ₆ P ₆ W ₁₈ O ₇₉ " 117 aK ₅ (NbO ₂ ) SiW ₁₁ O ₃₉ " 118 'aO ₂ ) SiW ₁₁ O ₃₉ " 119 [(CH ₃ ) ₃ NH ⁺ ) ₅ NbSiW ₁₁ O ₄₀ " 120 [(CH ₃ ) ₃ NH ⁺ ] ₅ TaSiW ₁₁ O ₄₀ " 121 K ₆ Nb ₃ PW ₉ O ₄₀ Peroxo-Keggin structure 122 [(CH ₃ ) ₃ NH ⁺ ] ₅ (NbO ₂ ) SiW ₁₁ O ₃₉ " 123 [(CH ₃ ) ₃ NH ⁺ ] ₅ (TaO ₂ ) SiW ₁₁ O ₃₉ " 124 K ₄ (NbO ₂ ) PW ₁₁ O ₃₉ " 125 K ₇ (NbO ₂ ) P ₂ W ₁₂ O ₆₁ " 126 [(CH ₃ ) ₃ NH ⁺ ] ₇ (NbO ₂ ) ₃ SiW ₉ O ₃₇ " 127 Cs ₇ (NbO ₂ ) ₃ SiW ₉ O ₃₇ " 128 K ₆ (NbO ₂ ) ₃ PW ₉ O ₃₇ " 129 Na ₁₀ (H ₂ W ₁₂ O ₄₂ ) " 130 K ₄ NbPW ₁₁ O ₄₀ " 131 [(CH ₃ ) ₃ NH ⁺ ] ₄ NbPW ₁₁ O ₄₀ " 132 K ₅ NbSiW ₁₁ O ₄₀ " 133 K ₅ TaSiW ₁₁ O ₄₀ " 134 K ₇ NbP ₂ W ₁₇ O ₆₂ Wells-Dawson structure 135 K ₇ (TiO ₂ ) ₂ PW ₁₀ O ₃₈ " 136 K ₇ (TaO ₂ ) ₃ SiW ₉ O ₃₇ " 137 K ₇ Ta ₃ SiW ₉ O ₄₀ " 138 K ₆ (TaO ₂ ) ₃ PW ₉ O ₃₇ " 139 K ₆ Ta ₃ PW ₉ O ₄₀ " 140 K ₈ Co ₂ W ₁₁ O ₃₉ " 141 H ₂ [(CH ₃ ) 4N ⁺ ] 4 (C ₂ H ₅ Si) ₂ CoW ₁₁ O ₄₀ " 142 H ₂ [(CH ₃ ) ₄ N ⁺ ] ₄ (iso-C ₄ H ₉ Si) ₂ CoW ₁₁ O ₄₀ " 143 K ₉ Nb ₃ P ₂ W ₁₅ O ₆₂ " 144 K ₉ (NbO ₂ ) ₃ P ₂ W ₁₅ O ₅₉ " 145 K ₁₂ (NbO ₂ ) ₆ P ₂ W ₁₂ O ₅₆ Wells-Dawson peroxo structure 146 K ₁₂ Nb ₆ P ₂ W ₁₂ O ₆₂ Wells-Dawson structure ff. 147 a ₂ -K ₁₀ P ₂ W ₁₇ O ₆₁ " 148 K ₆ Fe (III) Nb ₃ P ₂ W ₁₅ O ₆₂ " 149 K ₇ Zn (II) Nb ₃ P ₂ W ₁₅ O ₆₂ " 150 (NH ₄ ) ₆ (aP ₂ W ₁₈ O ₆₂ ) .nH ₂ O " 151 K ₁₂ [H ₂ P ₂ W ₁₂ O ₄₈ ] .24H ₂ O " 152 K ₂ Na ₁₅ H ₅ [PtMo ₆ O ₂₄ ] .8H ₂ O " 153 K ₈ [a ₂ -P ₂ W ₁₇ MoO ₆₂ ] .nH ₂ O " 154 KHP ₂ V ₃ W ₁₅ O ₆₂ .34H ₂ O " 155 K ₆ [P ₂ W ₁₂ Nb ₆ O ₆₂ ] .24H ₂ O " 156 Na ₆ [V ₁₀ O ₂₈ ] .H ₂ O " 157 (Guanidinium) ₈ H [PV ₁₄ O ₆₂ ] .3H ₂ O " 158 K8H [PV14O62] " 159 Na ₇ [MnV ₁₃ O ₃₈ ] .18H ₂ O " 160 K ₆ [BW ₁₁ O ₃₉ Ga (OH) ₂ ] .13H ₂ O " 161 K ₇ H [Nb ₆ O ₁₉ ] .13H ₂ O " 162 [(CH ₃ ) ₄ N ⁺ / Na ⁺ / K ⁺ ] ₄ [Nb ₂ W ₄ O ₁₉ ] " 163 [(CH ₃ ) ₄ N ⁺ ] ₉ [P ₂ W ₁₅ Nb ₃ O ₆₂ ] " 164 [(CH ₃ ) ₄ N ⁺ ] ₁₅ [HP ₄ W ₃₀ Nb ₆ O ₁₂₃ ] .16H ₂ O " 165 [Na / K] ₆ [Nb ₄ W ₂ O ₁₉ ] " 166 [(CH ₃ ) ₄ N ⁺ / Na ⁺ / K ⁺ ] 5 [ _Nb3W3019] .6H ₂ O " 167 K ₅ [CpTiSiW ₁₁ O ₃₉ ] .12H ₂ O " 169 b ₂ -K ₈ [SiW ₁₁ O ₃₉ ] .14H ₂ O " 170 aK ₈ [SiW ₁₀ O ₃₆ ] .12H ₂ O " 171 Cs ₇ Na ₂ [PW ₁₀ O ₃₇ ] .8H ₂ O " 172 Cs ₆ [P ₂ W ₅ O ₂₃ ]. 7.5H ₂ O " 173 g-Cs ₇ [PW ₁₀ O ₃₆ ] .7H ₂ O " 174 K ₅ [SiNbW ₁₁ O ₄ ] .7H ₂ O " 175 K ₄ [PNbW ₁₁ O ₄₀ ] .12H ₂ O " 176 Na ₆ [Nb4W ₂ O ₁₉ ] .13H ₂ O " 177 K ₆ [Nb ₄ W ₂ O ₁₉ ] .7H ₂ O " 180 K ₄ [V ₂ W ₄ O ₁₉ ] .3.5H ₂ O " 181 Na ₅ [V ₃ W ₃ O ₁₉ ] .12H ₂ O " 182 K ₆ [PV ₃ W ₉ O ₄₀ ] .14H ₂ O " 183 Na ₉ [Ab-GeW ₉ O ₃₄ ] .8H ₂ O " 184 Na ₁₀ [Aa-GeW ₉ O ₃₄ ] .9H ₂ O " 185 K ₇ [BV ₂ W ₁₀ O ₄₀ ] .6H ₂ O " 186 Na ₅ [CH ₃ Sn (Nb ₆ O ₁₉ )]. 10H ₂ O " 187 Na ₈ [Pt (P (m-SO ₃ C ₆ H ₅ ) ₃ ) ₃ Cl] .3H ₂ O " 188 [(CH ₃ ) ₃ NH ⁺ ] ₁₀ (H) [Si (H) ₃ W ₁₈ O ₆₈ ]. 10H ₂ O " 189 K ₇ [Aa-GeNb ₃ W ₉ O ₄₀ ] .18H ₂ O " 190 K ₇ [Ab-SiNb ₃ W ₉ O ₄₀ ] .20H ₂ O " 191 [(CH ₃ ) ₃ NH ⁺ ] ₉ [Aa-HGe ₂ Nb ₆ W ₁₈ O ₇₈ " 192 K ₇ (H) [Aa-Ge ₂ Nb ₆ W ₁₈ O ₇₇ ]. 18H ₂ O " 193 K ₈ [Ab-Si ₂ Nb ₆ W ₁₈ O ₇₇ ] " 194 [(CH ₃ ) ₃ NH ⁺ ] ₈ [AB-Si ₂ Nb ₆ W ₁₈ O ₇₇ ] " a) cf. U.S. 6,020,369 , TABLE 1, columns 3 to 10; b) Tierui Zhang, Shaoquin Liu, Dirk G. Kurth and Charl FJ Faul, “Organized Nanostructured Complexes of Polyoxometalates and Surfactants that Exhibit Photoluminescence and Electrochromism, Advanced Functional Materials, 2009, 19, pages 642 to 652 ; n Number, in particular an integer, from 1 to 50.

Further examples of suitable POM are from the American patent US 7,097,858 B2 , Column 14, line 56, to column 17, line 19, and from TABLE 8a, column 22, line 41, to column 23, line 28, compounds number 1-53, and TABLE 8b, column 23, line 30, to column 25, line 34, compounds number 1 to 150, are known.

Further preferred POMs are those of JTRhule, CL Hill and DA Judd in the article "Polyoxometalates in Medicine" in Chemical Reviews, Volume 98, pages 327 to 357, in Table 1 "In Vitro Antiviral Activities of Polyoxometalates", pages 332 to 347, and in Table 2 "In Vivo Activities of Polyoxometalates ", page 351 , listed polyoxometalates that have been tested for their antiviral activity.

POMs with a Keggin structure, double Keggin structure and Wells-Dawson structure are preferably used.

Are very particularly preferred

• - Ammonium heptamolybdate tetrahydrate {(NH ₄ ) ₆ Mo ₇ O ₂₄ ] · 4H ₂ O, CAS-No. 13106-76-8 (anhydrous), CAS-No. 12054-85-2 (tetrahydrate), AHMT},
• - Tungstophosphoric acid hydrate {H ₃ [P (W ₃ O ₁₀ ) ₄ ] · xH ₂ O, CAS no. 1343-93-7 (anhydrous), CAS No. 12067-99-1 (hydrate), Wo-Pho},
• - Molybdophosphoric acid hydrate, {H ₃ P (Mo ₃ O ₁₀ ) ₄ ] · xH ₂ O, CAS no .: 12026-57-2 (anhydrous), CAS no. 51429-74-4 (hydrate), Mo-Pho} and / or
• - Tungstosilicic acid {H ₄ [Si (W ₃ O ₁₀ ) ₄ ] · xH ₂ O, CAS no. 12027-43-9, CAS No. WKS} and / or their salts are used.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, a POM-chitosan composite is used.

The POM microparticles described above are unchanged, oxygen-replaced, functionalized, aggregated, and / or agglomerated. For example, they can be functionalized and agglomerated. But they can also not be functionalized and aggregated.

The POM microparticles to be used according to the invention can be produced with the aid of customary and known wet-chemical processes such as, for example, precipitation processes. But it is also possible to dissolve the POM in water and spray the resulting solution against a stream of warm air. It is also possible to evaporate the solution in a vacuum, irradiating it with IR radiation. It is also possible to apply solutions, especially aqueous solutions, of POM to cold surfaces such as frozen, smooth metal surfaces, dry ice, frozen organic solvents and liquefied gases such as methane, ethane, propane, butane, methylcyclohexane or gasoline, liquid nitrogen or liquid helium spray and evaporate the dry ice or liquid substances.

Colloidal gold, colloidal silver, colloidal copper, colloidal zinc or colloidal tin are preferably used. In particular, colloidal silver is used.

The biocidal materials described above are fixed in and / or on coatings in the reticulated foams so that they are not emitted.

These biocidal impregnations are made with the aid of liquid impregnating agents that contain the biocidal materials described above.

The liquid impregnating agents based on water or organic solvents are used. The impregnating agents can contain molecularly dispersed dissolved substances or they can preferably be dispersions.

Liquid water-based impregnating agents are preferably used.

The liquid impregnation agents can be applied with the help of customary and known coating processes such as dipping processes, spraying processes, in particular compressed air spraying, air-free spraying, air-mix spraying and hot spraying, curtain casting, brushing, knife coating, two-component coating, roller application, wiping, casting, tinkering, strip coating, centrifuging and drum coating become.

The liquid impregnating agents are preferably applied by dipping processes.

The solid biocides described above can be dispersed in the liquid impregnating agents as solid microparticles or as colloids, but in particular as colloids.

After their application, the liquid impregnating agents are hardened or dried so that they form a solid biocidal impregnation on the network or the cell webs of the reticulated foams according to the invention.

Depending on which reactive functional groups are present in the liquid impregnating agents, they are cured thermally or by radical polymerization, which is set in motion by actinic radiation or by radical initiators. However, both mechanisms can also be combined in one impregnation agent. One then speaks of a “dual cure”. Table 3 gives an overview of suitable functional groups for the crosslinking reactions. Table 3: Examples of complementary reactive functional groups for thermal curing and radiation curing of impregnating agents binder and Crosslinking agents or Crosslinking agents and binder -SH -C (O) -OH -OH -C (O) -OC (O) - -NH-C (O) -OR ¹ -CH ₂ -OH -CH ₂ -O-CH ₃ -NH-C (O) -CH (-C (O) OR ¹ ) ₂ -NH-C (O) -CH (-C (O) OR ¹ ) (- C (O) -R ¹ ) > Si (OR ¹ ) 2 -C (O) -OH O -CH-CH ₂ -OC (O) -CR ⁵ = CH ₂ -OH -O-CR = CH ₂ -C (O) -CH ₂ -C (O) -R ¹ -O-CR = CH ₂ -CH = CH ₂ -CR = CH ₂ -CH = CH ₂

The coating agents or impregnating agents can be divided into groups based on their binders.

Impregnation agent based on oils

These impregnants contain natural, drying oils that undergo auto-oxidative polymerization in the presence of catalysts and atmospheric oxygen. Chemically modified oxidatively drying oils such as polyurethane oils or low molecular weight polybutadiene oils can also be used.

Impregnation agent based on cellulose

Nitrocellulose lacquers usually contain additional resins and solvents in order to improve their application properties. Further impregnating agents based on cellulose contain organic cellulose esters such as cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate or cellulose acetate propionate.

Impregnating agent based on rubber

These impregnating agents based on chlorinated rubber, chlorinated rubber-alkyd resin combinations and chlorinated rubber-acrylate resin combinations are resistant to water, which can be advantageous for the present invention in special applications.

Impregnating agent based on vinyl resins

These impregnating agents contain polyolefins and polyolefin derivatives such as polyethylene and polyisobutenes. Ethylene copolymers such as ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers or ethylene-maleic anhydride copolymers are water-soluble and can form salts. Chlorosulfonated polyethylenes have a very high chemical resistance, especially to oxidizing agents.

Impregnating agents based on polyvinyl halides and vinyl halide copolymers

Impregnating agents containing PVC and chlorinated polyvinyl chloride have advantageous mechanical properties and high abrasion resistance. Impregnating agents with vinylidene chloride copolymers have numerous technical application possibilities. Important examples of copolymers without additional functional groups are vinyl acetate, dibutyl maleate or isobutyl vinyl ether copolymers. Terpolymers with carboxyl groups are made with dibutyl maleate or vinyl acetate and a dicarboxylic acid. Copolymers and terpolymers with hydroxyl groups are obtained with hydroxyacrylates or with vinyl acetate and vinyl alcohol. Vinylidene chloride copolymers with acrylonitrile or acrylic resins have excellent chemical resistance and are mainly used as films for food packaging. Examples of fluoropolymers are cyclic perfluorinated polymers. Crosslinkable perfluorinated polymers contain epoxy groups, ether groups, hydroxyl groups or carboxyl groups as crosslinking functional groups.

Impregnating agents based on vinyl ester polymers and copolymers

Impregnating agents based on vinyl acetate polymers and vinyl acetate copolymers with vinyl laurate, dibutyl maleate or crotonic acid have particularly high lightfastness and strong adhesion to metals. Polyvinyl alcohol is usually made by the hydrolysis of polyvinyl acetate. It has a high solubility in water and is resistant to oils and fats, lubricants and waxes. Polyvinyl acetals such as polyvinyl formal and polyvinyl butyral are produced by the reaction of polyvinyl acetate with aldehydes. They can be viewed as terpolymers of vinyl acetate, vinyl alcohol, and vinyl acetal. They can be physically crosslinked, but can also be chemically crosslinked through hydroxyl groups.

Impregnation agent based on vinyl ether polymers

Vinyl ether polymers are made from methyl vinyl ether or isobutyl vinyl ether and are often used as plasticizing resins in impregnating agents.

Impregnation agent based on acrylates

Polyacrylates are only slightly attacked by chemicals and therefore give the impregnating agents a high level of resistance. They are colorless, transparent and do not yellow even after prolonged thermal exposure. They do not absorb radiation above 300 nm and are therefore not degraded by UV radiation as long as they do not contain styrene or similar aromatic compounds. They do not have unstable double bonds, but they have a high, permanent gloss and are hydrolysis-stable. Depending on their lateral functional groups, they can be crosslinked in a variety of ways (see Table 3).

Alkyd impregnation agent

Alkyd resin binders contain oils / fatty acids, dicarboxylic acids (mainly phthalic acid or phthalic anhydride) and polyalcohols. They are classified as short oil, medium oil, or long oil resins. They are modified with natural fatty acids or oils. For special technical applications, the alkyd resins are also modified with resin acids, benzoic acid, styrene, vinyl toluene, isocyanates, acrylates, epoxides and silicone compounds.

Impregnating agent based on saturated polyesters

Saturated polyesters are made by the polycondensation of polycarboxylic acids such as terephthalic acid and polyalcohols such as ethylene glycol. Polyesters containing hydroxyl groups can be crosslinked by melamine resins, benzoguanamine resins and blocked isocyanates. Saturated polyesters containing carboxyl groups can be crosslinked with triglycidyl isocyanurate or epoxy resins. Saturated polyesters containing lateral acrylate groups can be cured by UV radiation and electron beams.

Impregnation agent based on unsaturated polyester

Unsaturated polyester resins or UP resins are soluble linear polycondensation products that are produced by the reaction of usually unsaturated polybasic carboxylic acids such as malic acid or fumaric acid and dihydric alcohols such as ethylene glycol. Curing is initiated by peroxide or C-C radical initiators. However, they can also be cured by UV radiation in the presence of photoinitiators.

Impregnation agent based on polyurethane

Polyurethanes are binders with urethane, urea, biuret or allophanate groups as connecting groups. The impregnating agents contain low molecular weight, oligomeric or polymeric components which can be crosslinked by blocked polyisocyanates in one-component systems and with free polyisocyanates in two-component systems. The cured coatings have a high chemical resistance and excellent light and weather stability.

Impregnation agent based on epoxy resins

There are different types of epoxy resins such as bisphenol A resins, bisphenol F resins, epoxy novolacs, aliphatic epoxy resins, cycloaliphatic epoxy resins, glycidyl esters and heterocyclic epoxy compounds. They can be crosslinked by amines, polyesters, phenolic resins, amino resins or polyisocyanates. In addition, they can be chemically modified so that epoxy resin esters and epoxy resin (meth) acrylic acid esters result.

Impregnation agent based on urea, benzoguanamine and melamine resins

Alkylated urea, benzoguanamine, glycoluril, toluenesulfonamide and melamine-formaldehyde resins are a versatile group of crosslinking agents for polymers containing hydroxyl, amide, carboxyl groups. They are used in both water-based and solvent-based impregnants.

Impregnation agent based on phenolic resins

Phenolic resins are polycondensation products of phenols and formaldehyde and are self-crosslinking in the presence of bases or basic salts. Phenolic resins are pale yellow to dark brown colored and are therefore not suitable for use in color. Since they form hard and brittle films, they must be mixed with other resins such as epoxy resins, polyvinyl butyral resins or polyester resins.

Impregnation agent based on silicone resins and organic-inorganic hybrid resins

Polysiloxane or silicone resins for coating purposes are made from mixtures of di- or trifunctional organosilane monomers such as phenyl- and methyltriethoxysilane, methylphenyldichlorosilane and dimethyldichlorosilane by controlled hydrolysis and condensation. However, pure silicone resins are often too soft and too thermoplastic for coating purposes. Therefore, they are mixed with common and well-known resins such as alkyd resins, acrylic resins, epoxy resins and phenolic resins.

A particularly suitable group of silicone resins are hybrids of siloxane-polyurethane and siloxane-epoxy or siloxane-acrylate and sol-gel polymers.

The sol-gel hybrid polymers are produced by the polycondensation of siloxanes which contain hydrolyzable groups and the organic radicals described below.

The essential components of the hybrid dispersions are surface-modified, cationically stabilized, inorganic nanoparticles of at least one type, in particular one type.

The nanoparticles to be modified are preferably selected from the group consisting of main and sub-group metals and their compounds. The main and subgroup metals are preferably selected from metals of the third to fifth main group, the third to sixth and the first and second subgroup of the Periodic Table of the Elements and the lanthanides. Boron, aluminum, gallium, silicon, germanium, tin, arsenic, antimony, silver, zinc, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, molybdenum, tungsten and cerium, in particular aluminum, silicon, silver, cerium, are particularly preferred Titanium and zirconium.

The compounds of the metals are preferably the oxides, oxide hydrates, sulfates or phosphates.

Preference is given to using silver, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, aluminum oxide hydrate, titanium dioxide, zirconium oxide, cerium oxide and mixtures thereof, particularly preferably silver, cerium oxide, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide hydrate and mixtures thereof, very particularly preferably aluminum oxide hydrate and in particular boehmite.

The nanoparticles to be modified preferably have a primary particle size of <50 nm, preferably 5 nm to 50 nm, in particular 10 nm to 30 nm.

The nanoparticles or their surface are treated with at least one compound of the general formula XIV: [(S-) _o -L-] _m M (R) _n (H) _p (XIV), modified.

S

reaktive funktionelle Gruppe;

L

mindestens zweibindige organische verknüpfende Gruppe;

H

hydrolysierbare einbindige Gruppe oder hydrolysierbares Atom;

M

zwei- bis sechswertiges Hauptgruppen- und Nebengruppen-Metall;

R

einbindiger organischer Rest;

o

eine ganze Zahl von 1 bis 5, insbesondere 1;

m + n + p

eine ganze Zahl von 2 bis 6, insbesondere 3 oder 4;

p

eine ganze Zahl von 1 bis 6, insbesondere 1 bis 4;

m und n

Null oder eine ganze Zahl von 1 bis 5, vorzugsweise 1 bis 3, insbesondere 1, speziell m = 1 und n = 0.

In the general formula XIV, the indices and the variables have the following meaning:

S.

reactive functional group;

L.

at least divalent organic linking group;

H

hydrolyzable monovalent group or hydrolyzable atom;

M.

divalent to hexavalent main group and subgroup metal;

R.

monovalent organic residue;

O

an integer from 1 to 5, especially 1;

m + n + p

an integer from 2 to 6, in particular 3 or 4;

p

an integer from 1 to 6, in particular 1 to 4;

m and n

Zero or an integer from 1 to 5, preferably 1 to 3, in particular 1, especially m = 1 and n = 0.

The modification can take place by physical adsorption of the compounds XIV on the surface of the unmodified nanoparticles and / or by chemical reaction of the compounds XIV with suitable reactive functional groups on the surface of the unmodified nanoparticles. The modification is preferably carried out via chemical reactions.

Examples of suitable metals M are those described above.

The reactive functional group S is preferably selected from the group consisting of (S 1) reactive functional groups which contain at least one bond which can be activated with actinic radiation, and (S 2) reactive functional groups which are associated with groups of their kind ("with themselves “) And / or enter into thermally initiated reactions with complementary reactive functional groups, selected. Examples of suitable reactive functional groups (S 2) are the groups described above, in particular epoxy groups.

In the context of the present invention, a bond that can be activated with actinic radiation is understood to mean a bond which becomes reactive when exposed to actinic radiation and enters into polymerization reactions and / or crosslinking reactions with other activated bonds of their type which proceed according to free radical and / or ionic mechanisms. Examples of suitable bonds are carbon-hydrogen single bonds or carbon-carbon, carbon-oxygen, carbon-nitrogen, carbon-phosphorus or carbon-silicon single bonds or double bonds. Of these, the carbon-carbon double bonds are particularly advantageous and are therefore used with very particular preference in accordance with the invention. For the sake of brevity, they are referred to below as “double bonds”.

Accordingly, the reactive group (S 1) preferred according to the invention contains one double bond or two, three or four double bonds. If more than one double bond is used, the double bonds can be conjugated. According to the invention, however, it is advantageous if the double bonds are present in isolation, in particular each individually terminal, in the group (S 1) in question here. According to the invention, it is particularly advantageous to use two double bonds, in particular one double bond.

The bonds which can be activated with actinic radiation can be activated via carbon-carbon bonds or ethers, thioethers, carboxylic acid esters, thiocarboxylic acid esters, carbonate, thiocarbonate, phosphoric acid ester, thiophosphoric acid ester, phosphonic acid ester, thiophosphonic acid ester, phosphite, thiophosphite, sulfonic acid ester , Amide, amine, thioamide, phosphoric acid amide, thiophosphoric acid amide, phosphonic acid amide, thiophosphonic acid amide, sulfonic acid amide, imide, urethane, hydrazide, urea, thiourea, carbonyl, thiocarbonyl, sulfone or sulfoxide groups , but in particular via carbon-carbon bonds, carboxylic acid ester groups and ether groups, be connected to the linking group L.

Particularly preferred reactive functional groups (S 1) are therefore (meth) acrylate, ethacrylate, crotonate, cinnamate, vinyl ether, vinyl ester, dicyclopentadienyl, norbornenyl, isoprenyl, isopropenyl, allyl or butenyl groups; Dicyclopentadienyl, norbornenyl, isoprenyl, isopropenyl, allyl or butenyl ether groups or dicyclopentadienyl, norbornenyl, isoprenyl, isopropenyl, allyl or butenyl ester groups, but especially methacrylate groups (S 1).

The variable H stands for a hydrolyzable monovalent group or for a hydrolyzable atom.

Examples of suitable hydrolyzable atoms are hydrogen atoms and halogen atoms, especially chlorine and bromine atoms.

The hydrolyzable monovalent groups are preferably used. Examples of suitable groups of this type are groups of the general formula XV: -XR (XV).

In the general formula XV, the variable X stands for an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom and / or a group> NR ² , in which R ^{2 is} an alkyl group with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, in particular methyl, ethyl, propyl and n-butyl. X preferably represents an oxygen atom.

R stands for a monovalent organic radical. The monovalent radical R can be substituted or unsubstituted; it is preferably unsubstituted. It can be aromatic, aliphatic or cycloaliphatic. A monovalent radical R is regarded as aromatic if X is directly linked to the aromatic radical. This rule applies mutatis mutandis to the aliphatic and cycloaliphatic radicals. Linear or branched, in particular linear, aliphatic radicals are preferably used. Lower aliphatic radicals are preferred. Of these, the methyl groups or the ethyl groups are very particularly preferably used.

The variable L stands for an at least two-bonded, in particular two-bonded, organic linking group.

• (1) substituierte oder unsubstituierte, bevorzugt unsubstituierte, lineare oder verzweigte, vorzugsweise lineare, Alkandiyl-Reste mit 3 bis 30, bevorzugt 3 bis 20 und insbesondere 3 Kohlenstoffatomen, die innerhalb der Kohlenstoffkette auch cyclische Gruppen enthalten können, insbesondere Trimethylen, Tetramethylen, Pentamethylen, Hexamethylen, Heptamethylen, Octamethylen, Nonan-1,9-diyl, Decan-1,10-diyl, Undecan-1,11-diyl Dodecan-1,12-diyl, Tridecan-1,13-diyl, Tetradecan-1,14-diyl, Pentadecan-1,15-diyl, Hexadecan-1,16-diyl, Heptadecan-1,17-diyl, Octadecan-1,18-diyl, Nonadecan-1,19-diyl oder Eicosan-1,20-diyl, bevorzugt Tetramethylen, Pentamethylen, Hexamethylen, Heptamethylen, Octamethylen, Nonan-1,9-diyl, Decan-1,10-diyl, 2-Heptyl-1-pentyl-cyclohexan-3,4-bis(non-9-yl), Cyclohexan-1,2-, -1,4- oder -1,3-bis(methyl), Cyclohexan-1,2-, 1,4- oder 1,3-bis(eth-2-yl), Cyclohexan-1,3-bis(prop-3-yl) oder Cyclohexan-1,2-, 1,4- oder 1,3-bis(but-4-yl);
• (2) substituierte oder unsubstituierte, bevorzugt unsubstituierte, lineare oder verzweigte, vorzugsweise lineare, Oxalkandiyl-Reste mit 3 bis 30, bevorzugt 3 bis 20 und insbesondere 3 bis 6 Kohlenstoffatomen, die innerhalb der Kohlenstoffkette auch cyclische Gruppen enthalten können, insbesondere Oxapropan-1,4-diyl, Oxabutan-1,5-diyl, Oxapentan-1,5-diyl, Oxahexan-1,7-diyl oder 2-Oxapentan-1,5-diyl;
• (3) zweiwertige Polyesterreste mit wiederkehrenden Polyesteranteilen der allgemeinen Formel XV: -(-CO-(CHR³)_r-CH₂-O-)- (XVI) Hierbei ist der Index r bevorzugt 4 bis 6 und der Substitutent R³ = Wasserstoff, ein Alkyl-, Cycloalkyl- oder Alkoxy-Rest. Kein Substituent enthält mehr als 12 Kohlenstoffatome;
• (4) lineare Polyetherreste, vorzugsweise mit einem zahlenmittleren Molekulargewicht von 400 bis 5.000, insbesondere von 400 bis 3.000, die sich von Poly(oxyethylen)glykolen, Poly(oxypropylen)glykolen und Poly(oxybutylen)glykolen ableiten;
• (5) lineare Siloxanreste, wie sie beispielsweise in Siliconkautschuken vorliegen, hydrierte Polybutadien- oder Polyisoprenreste, statistische oder alternierende Butadien-Isopren-Copolymerisatreste oder Butadien-Isopren-Pfropfmischpolymerisatreste, die noch Styrol einpolymerisiert enthalten können, sowie Ethylen-Propylen-Dienreste;
• (6) Phen-1,4-, -1,3- oder -1,2-ylen, Naphth-1,4-, -1,3-, -1,2-, -1,5- oder -2,5-ylen, Propan-2,2-di(phen-4'-yl), Methan-di(phen-4'-yl), Diphenyl-4,4'-diyl oder 2,4- oder 2,6-Toluylen; oder
• (7) Cycloalkandiyl-Reste mit 4 bis 20 Kohlenstoffatomen, wie Cyclobutan-1,3-diyl, Cyclopentan-1,3-diyl, Cyclohexan-1,3- oder -1,4-diyl, Cycloheptan-1,4-diyl, Norbornan-1,4-diyl, Adamantan-1,5-diyl, Decalin-diyl, 3,3,5-Trimethyl-cyclohexan-1,5-diyl, 1-Methylcyclohexan-2,6-diyl, Dicyclohexylmethan-4,4'-diyl, 1,1'-Dicyclohexan-4,4'-diyl oder 1,4-Dicyclohexylhexan-4,4"-diyl, insbesondere 3,3,5-Trimethyl-cyclohexan-1,5-diyl oder Dicyclohexylmethan-4,4'-diyl.

Examples of suitable double-bonded organic linking groups L are, if appropriate, aliphatic, aromatic, cycloaliphatic and aromatic-cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon radicals containing heteroatoms, such as

• (1) Substituted or unsubstituted, preferably unsubstituted, linear or branched, preferably linear, alkanediyl radicals with 3 to 30, preferably 3 to 20 and especially 3 carbon atoms, which can also contain cyclic groups within the carbon chain, especially trimethylene, tetramethylene, pentamethylene , Hexamethylene, heptamethylene, octamethylene, nonane-1,9-diyl, decane-1,10-diyl, undecane-1,11-diyl, dodecane-1,12-diyl, tridecane-1,13-diyl, tetradecane-1, 14-diyl, pentadecane-1,15-diyl, hexadecane-1,16-diyl, heptadecane-1,17-diyl, octadecane-1,18-diyl, nonadecane-1,19-diyl or eicosane-1,20- diyl, preferably tetramethylene, pentamethylene, hexamethylene, heptamethylene, octamethylene, nonane-1,9-diyl, decane-1,10-diyl, 2-heptyl-1-pentyl-cyclohexane-3,4-bis (non-9-yl ), Cyclohexane-1,2-, -1,4- or -1,3-bis (methyl), cyclohexane-1,2-, 1,4- or 1,3-bis (eth-2-yl), Cyclohexan-1,3-bis (prop-3-yl) or cyclohexan-1,2-, 1,4- or 1,3-bis (but-4-yl);
• (2) Substituted or unsubstituted, preferably unsubstituted, linear or branched, preferably linear, oxalkanediyl radicals with 3 to 30, preferably 3 to 20 and especially 3 to 6 carbon atoms, which can also contain cyclic groups within the carbon chain, especially oxapropane-1 , 4-diyl, oxabutane-1,5-diyl, oxapentane-1,5-diyl, oxahexane-1,7-diyl or 2-oxapentane-1,5-diyl;
• (3) divalent polyester residues with recurring polyester components of the general formula XV: - (- CO- (CHR ³ ) _r -CH ₂ -O -) - (XVI) The index r is preferably 4 to 6 and the substituent R ³ = hydrogen, an alkyl, cycloalkyl or alkoxy radical. No substituent contains more than 12 carbon atoms;
• (4) linear polyether residues, preferably with a number average molecular weight from 400 to 5,000, in particular from 400 to 3,000, which are derived from poly (oxyethylene) glycols, poly (oxypropylene) glycols and poly (oxybutylene) glycols;
• (5) linear siloxane residues, as are present, for example, in silicone rubbers, hydrogenated polybutadiene or polyisoprene residues, random or alternating butadiene-isoprene copolymer residues or butadiene-isoprene graft copolymer residues, which can also contain styrene in copolymerized form, and ethylene-propylene-diene residues;
• (6) Phen-1,4-, -1,3- or -1,2-ylene, naphth-1,4-, -1,3-, -1,2-, -1,5- or -2 , 5-ylene, propan-2,2-di (phen-4'-yl), methan-di (phen-4'-yl), diphenyl-4,4'-diyl or 2,4- or 2,6 -Toluylene; or
• (7) Cycloalkanediyl radicals having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, such as cyclobutane-1,3-diyl, cyclopentane-1,3-diyl, cyclohexane-1,3- or 1,4-diyl, cycloheptane-1,4-diyl , Norbornane-1,4-diyl, adamantane-1,5-diyl, decalin-diyl, 3,3,5-trimethyl-cyclohexane-1,5-diyl, 1-methylcyclohexane-2,6-diyl, dicyclohexylmethane-4 , 4'-diyl, 1,1'-dicyclohexane-4,4'-diyl or 1,4-dicyclohexylhexane-4,4 "-diyl, in particular 3,3,5-trimethyl-cyclohexane-1,5-diyl or Dicyclohexylmethane-4,4'-diyl.

The linking groups L (1) and L (2) are particularly preferred, very particularly preferably trimethylene, tetramethylene, pentamethylene, hexamethylene, heptamethylene, octamethylene, oxapropane-1,4-diyl or 2-oxapentane-1,5-diyl and in particular Trimethylene, oxapropane-1,4-diyl or 2-oxapentane-1,5-diyl are used.

In the general formula XIV, the variable o stands for an integer from 1 to 5, preferably 1 to 4, preferably 1 to 3 and particularly preferably 1 and 2. In particular, o is 1.

The compounds XIV can also be used in complexed form, as is the case, for example, in the international patent application WO 09/52964 , Page 8, lines 12 to 20.

• - internationalen Patentanmeldung WO 99/52964 , Seite 6, Zeile 1, bis Seite 8, Zeile 20,
• - der deutschen Patentanmeldung DE 197 26 829 A 1, Spalte 2, Zeile 27, bis Spalte 3, Zeilen 38,
• - der deutschen Patentanmeldung DE 199 10 876 A 1, Seite 2, Zeile 35, bis Seite 3, Zeile 12,
• - der deutschen Patentanmeldung DE 38 28 098 A 1, Seite 2, Zeile 27, bis Seite 4, Zeile 43, oder
• - der europäischen Patentanmeldung EP 0 450 625 A 1, Seite 2, Zeile 57, bis 5, Zeile 32, bekannt.

The compounds XIV are customary and known and to a large extent they are commercially available. Suitable compounds XIV are, for example, from

• - international patent application WO 99/52964 , Page 6, line 1, to page 8, line 20,
• - the German patent application DE 197 26 829 A 1, column 2, line 27, to column 3, lines 38,
• - the German patent application DE 199 10 876 A 1, page 2, line 35, to page 3, line 12,
• - the German patent application DE 38 28 098 A 1, page 2, line 27, to page 4, line 43, or
• - the European patent application EP 0 450 625 A 1, page 2, line 57, to 5, line 32, known.

• - 3-Glycidyloxypropytrimethoxysilan,
• - 3-Glycidyloxypropyltriethoxysilan,
• - 3-Glycidyloxypropylmethyldimethoxysilan,
• - 3-Glyxidyloxypropyldiethoxydimethoxysilan und
• - 3-Methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilan.

Preferred hydrolyzable siloxanes or silanes which are for polymerization or for crosslinking or as starting materials therefor (optionally in the form of precondensates and polycondensates)

• - 3-glycidyloxypropytrimethoxysilane,
• - 3-glycidyloxypropyltriethoxysilane,
• - 3-glycidyloxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane,
• - 3-glyxidyloxypropyldiethoxydimethoxysilane and
• - 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane.

Further alkoxysilanes which, as such or preferably in combination with the alkoxysilanes listed above, which have groups capable of polyaddition or polycondensation are tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, tetra-n-propoxysilane, tetra-n-butoxysilane, cyclohexyltrimethoxysilane, cyclopentyltrimethoxysilane, cyclopentyltrimethoxysilane, phenyltrimethoxysilane, phenyltrimethoxysilane, phenyltrimethoxysilane, cyclopentyltrimethoxysilyltrimethoxysilane, phenyltrimethoxysilane, phenyltrimethoxysilane. n-propyltrimethoxysilane, cyclohexylmethyldimethoxysilane, dimethyldimethoxysilane, diisopropyldimethoxysilane, phenylmethyldimethoxysilane, phenylethyltriethoxysilane, phenyltriethoxysilane, phenylmethyldiethoxysilane and phenyldimethylethoxysilane.

Alkoxides of aluminum, titanium, zirconium, tantalum, niobium, tin, zinc, tungsten, germanium and boron with 1 to 4 carbon atoms in their alkyl radicals can also be used. Suitable representatives of such alkoxides are aluminum sec.-butoxide, titanium isopropoxide, titanium propoxide, titanium butoxide, zirconium isopropoxide, zirconium propoxide, zirconium butoxide, zirconium ethoxide, tantalum ethoxides, tantalum butoxide, niobium ethoxide, niobium butoxide, tin tert-butoxide, tungsten (VI) ethoxide, germanium isethoxide, germanium isethoxide and germanium isethoxide di-tert-butoxyaluminum triethoxysilane.

In the case of the particularly reactive alkoxides of titanium, aluminum or zirconium, it is advantageous to use the compounds in complexed form. Examples of suitable complexing agents are unsaturated carboxylic acids and beta-dicarbonyl group compounds such as methacrylic acid, acetylacetone and ethyl acetate.

From a methodological point of view, the modification of the surface of the nanoparticles does not offer any special features, but takes place according to the customary and known processes, for example those from the international patent application WO 99/52964 , Page 10, line 22, to page 11, line 17, and examples 1 to 20, page 14, line 10, to page 20, line 24, or from the German patent application DE 197 26 829 A 1, Examples 1 to 6, column 5, line 63 to column 8, line 38 are known. The quantitative ratios of compounds XIV to unmodified nanoparticles given there are preferably used.

The amount of surface-modified, inorganic nanoparticles in the dispersions can vary widely and depends on the requirements of the individual case. The nanoparticles are preferably contained in the dispersions in an amount of 60 to 98% by weight, based on the total amount of the constituents).

Impregnation agent based on protective colloids

• - teilverseiftes Polyvinylacetat, Polyvinylalkohol und Polyvinylpyrrolidon,
• - Nanocellulose, Mikrocellulose und Makrocellulose sowie Stärken,
• - Celluloseether (Tylose) wie Ethylcellulose, Hydroxyethylcellulose, Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose und
• - Polyetheracrylate, Proteine, Alginate, Peptine und Gelatine

gebildet. Besonders bevorzugt wird Methylcellulose verwendet.Protective colloids for colloidal metals are especially water-soluble polymers such as

• - partially saponified polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone,
• - nanocellulose, microcellulose and macrocellulose as well as starches,
• - Cellulose ethers (Tylose) such as ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose and
• - Polyether acrylates, proteins, alginates, peptins and gelatins

educated. Methyl cellulose is particularly preferably used.

According to the invention, the impregnating agents based on organic-inorganic hybrid resins are preferably used. These impregnating agents particularly preferably contain colloidal gold, silver, copper, zinc or tin, but in particular colloidal silver

According to the invention, the impregnating agents based on protective colloids are very particularly preferably used. These impregnating agents particularly preferably contain colloidal gold, silver, copper, zinc or tin, but in particular colloidal silver.

The metal content of the impregnating agents based on organic-inorganic hybrid resins or protective colloids contain preferably 10 ppm to 500 ppm, more preferably 10 ppm to 300 ppm and in particular 10 ppm to 100 ppm of colloidal metals.

Colloidal aqueous solutions of gold, silver, copper, zinc or tin, which show the Tyndall effect, are commercially available and are sold, for example, under the name “silver water”. The protective colloids are added to these colloidal solutions preferably in an amount of 1.0% by weight to 10% by weight, preferably 2.0% by weight to 8% by weight and in particular 3% by weight to 7% by weight .-%, based in each case on the total amount of the impregnation agent, added.

In addition to the resins or binders described above, the impregnating agents can contain customary and known additives. These are preferably reactive diluents which can be cured thermally or by actinic radiation, in particular by UV radiation, low-boiling organic solvents and high-boiling organic solvents, water, UV absorbers, radical scavengers, thermolabile radical initiators, photoinitiators, catalysts for the thermal crosslinking, deaerating agents, slip additives, polymerization inhibitors, defoamers, wetting agents, dispersants, adhesion improvers, smoothing agents, film-forming auxiliaries, anti-sagging agents, rheological auxiliaries (thickeners), flame retardants, drying agents, anti-skinning agents, corrosion inhibitors, waxes and matting agents.

The biocidally impregnated, reticulated foams according to the invention can be used in a particularly diverse manner. In particular, they are used for air purification. For this purpose, they are used in the form of round, rectangular and square plates. Because of their very good air permeability and high biocidal effectiveness, when used in room air filters, with a size adapted to the respective building volume, they lead to a considerably lower consumption of electrical energy compared to conventional room air filters. Nevertheless, the room air can be circulated five to twelve times per hour at a low volume and medium load, so that the room air contaminated by biocidal aerosols is repeatedly passed through the biocide-impregnated, reticulated foams according to the invention, which increases their efficiency to such an extent that the room air is free of virulent viruses, virions, bacteria and aerosols that they contain after a short period of time. In order to avoid that non-virulent decay products of viruses, virions and bacteria and volatile organic substances (VOC) get back into the room, the biocidally impregnated, reticulated foams according to the invention can be combined with at least one customary and known activated carbon filter in the direction of the flow . This ensures optimal cleaning of the room air.

The biocidally impregnated, reticulated foams according to the invention can therefore be used in an advantageous manner for retrofitting and for alternative equipment of commercially available room fans.

But they can also be used in slightly air-permeable additional components that can be detachably arranged on or on the air outlets of the commercially available room ventilators and thus bring about a considerable increase in effectiveness.

• 1 die Draufsicht auf einen Querschnitt durch das erfindungsgemäße Zusatzbauteil 1 und
• 2 die perspektivische Darstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Zusatzbauteil 1.

This type of use is based on the 1 and 2 explained in more detail. The 1 and 2 are schematic representations and are only intended to illustrate the principle and function of the invention Explain additional component. Since the person skilled in the art will consider further embodiments on the basis of this teaching within the scope of the present invention, the limit 1 and 2 the invention does not. Show it

• 1 the plan view of a cross section through the additional component 1 according to the invention and
• 2 the perspective view of an additional component 1 according to the invention.

1

Zusatzbauteil

2

Gehäuse

3

Luftundurchlässige Seitenwand

4

Platte aus einem erfindungsgemäßen, biozid imprägnierten, retikulierten Schaumstoff

5

Plattenförmiger Aktivkohlefilter

6

Oberes Luftauslassgitter

7

Unteres Lufteinlassgitter

8

Öffnungsklappe

9

Eingriff

9.1

Serviceöffnung

10

Haltefedern

11

Raumlüfte

L

Luftstrom

In the 1 and 2 the reference symbols have the following meaning:

1

Additional component

2

casing

3

Airtight side wall

4th

Plate made of a biocidally impregnated, reticulated foam according to the invention

5

Plate-shaped activated carbon filter

6th

Upper air outlet grille

7th

Lower air inlet grille

8th

Opening flap

9

Intervention

9.1

Service opening

10

Retaining springs

11

Room ventilation

L.

Airflow

Detailed description of the figures

Figures 1 and 2 the additional component 1 according to the invention

The additional component 1 featured an upper horizontal air outlet grille 6th and a lower horizontal air intake grille 7th which were arranged parallel and congruent to one another. Their dimensions were each 50 cm x 50 cm. Between the bars 6th and 7th were three vertical, airtight side walls 3 mm thick and 5 cm high side walls 3 arranged. The additional component 1 was made using a total of four retaining springs 10 (a retaining spring 10 sidewalls at each middle of the lower side edges 3 ) on the air outlet of a commercially available room fan 11 placed so that the air flow L vertically the additional component 1 flowed through. In the fourth vertical side of the additional component 1 was an opening flap 8th with a centrally located engagement 9 arranged. The opening flap 8th could be removed so that the biocidally impregnated, reticulated foam mat according to the invention 4th the dimensions 50 cm x 50 cm and the thickness of 4 cm could be inserted or exchanged. On the foam mat 4th An activated charcoal filter mat measuring 50 cm x 50 cm and 1 cm thick was placed on top, so that the interior of the additional component 1 was completely filled out. The additional component 1 was made of polyester and had a pastel tint. It increased the air resistance of the room fan only insignificantly, but its cleaning effect significantly.

example 1

The manufacture of reticulated foam mats according to the invention, impregnated with colloidal silver

20 AQUARISTIC PARADISE filter foam filter mats - blue 50 x 50 x 3 cm 'fine' (PPI 30), a shallow tub was filled with a homogenized colloidal solution of silver water with a silver content of 25 ppm and, based on the total amount of the colloidal solution, 5 % By weight of the protective colloid methyl cellulose was filled, placed so that they were completely covered with the impregnation agent. After an immersion time of 10 minutes, the moist, biocidally impregnated, reticulated foam mats according to the invention were removed from the colloidal solution and allowed to drip off for 10 minutes, slowly dried in the air at room temperature and then packed airtight until further use.

In the same way, 20 further biocidally impregnated, reticulated foam mats according to the invention were produced, only that they were packaged airtight after draining until further use and were only dried in room fans when they were used.

Investigations at the NATIONAL HEALTH INSTITUTE, NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA showed that the dried impregnation agent with the colloidal silver could eliminate coronaviruses to 99.9% within a short time.

Example 2

The production of biocidal, biocidal, reticulated foam mats according to the invention, impregnated with colloidal copper

Example 1 was repeated with colloidal copper, a high biocidal and virucidal effect of the dried impregnating agent with the colloidal copper also being observed here. The resulting foam mats according to the invention were also outstandingly suitable for use in room fans.

Example 3

The production of biocidal, reticulated foam mats according to the invention, impregnated with colloidal zinc

Example 1 was repeated with colloidal zinc, a high biocidal and virucidal effect of the dried impregnating agent with the colloidal zinc also being observed here. The resulting foam mats according to the invention were also outstandingly suitable for use in room fans.

Example 4

The production of biocidal, reticulated foam mats according to the invention, impregnated with colloidal tin

Example 1 was repeated with colloidal tin, a high biocidal and virucidal effect of the dried impregnating agent with colloidal tin also being observed here. The resulting foam mats according to the invention were also outstandingly suitable for use in room fans.

Example 5

The manufacture of reticulated foam mats according to the invention, impregnated with colloidal silver

The production of a boehmite sol

2.78 parts by weight of boehmite (Disperal® P 3 from Sasol Germany GmbH) were added to 25 parts by weight of dilute hydrochloric acid (0.1 N) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature until the boehmite was completely dissolved. The colloidal solution was then treated in an ultrasonic bath for 5 minutes. A homogeneous boehmite sol resulted.

The production of a dispersion of a copolymer

1,361.1 parts by weight of deionized water were placed in a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer and four feed vessels and heated to 75.degree. At this temperature, three feeds were metered in in parallel and simultaneously over a period of 30 minutes. Feed 1 consisted of 24.4 parts by weight of acrylic acid, 44 parts by weight of methyl methacrylate and 3.6 parts by weight of diphenylethylene. Feed 2 consisted of a 25 percent ammonia solution. Feed 3 consisted of a solution of 5.4 parts by weight Ammonium peroxodisulfate in 138.7 parts by weight of deionized water. After the addition, the resulting reaction mixture was post-polymerized for a further hour at 75.degree. C. and then heated to 90.degree. At this temperature, feed 4 was added to the reaction mixture over the course of 4 h. Feed 4 consisted of 191.7 parts by weight of n-butyl methacrylate, 153.4 parts by weight of styrene, 93.3 parts by weight of partner to whisper hydroxypropyl methacrylate, 424.9 parts by weight of hydroxethyl methacrylate, 173.1 parts by weight of ethylhexyl methacrylate and 207.3 parts by weight of a 50 percent solution of Tris (alkoxycarbonylamino) triazine (TACT®; crosslinking agent; see Table 3) in n-butanol. The reaction mixture was then polymerized for a further 2 hours at 90 ° C. and then cooled.

The production of an organic-inorganic hybrid polymer dispersion

3.3 parts by weight of GLYEO were added to 5.5 parts by weight of the boehmite sol described above. The reaction mixture thus obtained was stirred at room temperature for 90 minutes. Then 2.2 parts by weight of glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GLYMO) were added. After stirring for two hours at room temperature, 0.55 part by weight of ethyl acetoacetate (EEA) was added, after which the resulting reaction mixture was stirred for a further 2 hours at room temperature. Then 0.75 parts by weight of isopropanol were added. The resulting reaction mixture was stirred for 15 minutes, 1.25 parts by weight of the dispersion of the copolymer were added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for a further 2 hours.

The manufacture of the impregnation agent

10 parts by weight of the hybrid polymer dispersion described above were mixed with one part by weight of silver water with a colloidal silver content of 100 ppm and homogenized.

The production of the biocide-impregnated, reticulated foam mats

20 AQUARISTIC PARADISE filter foam filter mats - blue 50 x 50 x 3 cm “fine” (PPI 30) a shallow tub filled with the impregnation agent was placed so that it was completely covered with the impregnation agent. After an immersion time of 10 minutes, the moist, biocidally impregnated, reticulated foam mats according to the invention were removed from the colloidal solution, allowed to drip off for 10 minutes and then dried with a gentle stream of air at 35 ° C. and then packed airtight until further use.

The above-described, biocidally impregnated, reticulated foam mats according to the invention are excellently suited as biocidal filter components of room fans and air conditioning devices for cleaning room air. Particular advantages resulted from their combination with activated carbon filters, which - viewed in the direction of flow of the contaminated air - were arranged behind the foam mats according to the invention.

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent literature cited

• WO 96/39821 [0009]
• US 5883155 [0010]
• US 6180584 B1 [0011]
• US 2007/0031512 A1 [0012]
• WO 2007/120509 [0013]
• US 2007/0292486 A1 [0014]
• WO 2008/127416 A2 [0015]
• US 2009/0081249 A1 [0016]
• US 2009/0320849 A1 [0017]
• US 2012/0016055 A1 [0018]
• US 2013/0344122 A1 [0019]
• WO 2014/149321 A1 [0020]
• US 2014/0127517 A1 [0021]
• WO 2016/116259 A1 [0022]
• US 2017/0275472 A1 [0023]
• US 10227495 B2 [0024]
• US 10227348 B2 [0032]
• US 9796715 B2 [0032]
• US 9302004 B2 [0032]
• US 2014/0238646 A1 [0033]
• EP 0199528 A2 [0055]
• US 5059629 [0056]
• US 5004760 [0056]
• US 9266048 B2 [0058]
• US 6020369 [0096]
• US 7097858 B2 [0097]
• WO 09/52964 [0155]
• WO 99/52964 [0156, 0161]
• DE 19726829 A [0156, 0161]
• DE 19910876 A [0156]
• DE 3828098 A [0156]
• EP 0450625 A [0156]

Non-patent literature cited

• A. J. Galante et al. from the Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, and The Department of Ophthalmology, Charles T. Campbell Laboratory of Ophthalmic Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, superhemophobic anti-virofouling coatings for medical clothing (see also: SpecialChem, The material selection platform, Coating Ingredients, "Researchers Create New Washable, Textile, Coating the Can Repel Viruses.", Published on 2020-05-26 [0026]
• KW Lee and BYH Liu give in their article “On the Minimum Efficiency and the Most Penetrating Particle Size for Fibrous Filters” in Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association, Vol. 30, No. 4, April 1980, pages 377 to 381 [0041 ]
• Toxicology is referred to the review articles by Günter Oberdörster, Eva Oberdörster and Jan Oberdörster, "Nanotoxicology, An Emerging Discipline Evolving from Studies of Ultrafine Particles", in Environmental Health Perpectives Volume 113. (7), 2005, 823-839, and Günter Oberdörster, Vicki Stone and Ken Donaldson, "Toxicology of nanoparticles: A historical perpective," Nanotoxicology, March 2007; 1 (1): 2-25 [0047]
• Quaternized chitosan (see A. Domard et al., "New method for the quaternization of chitosan", International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Volume 8, Issue 2, April, 1986, pages 105-107) [0079]
• Tierui Zhang, Shaoquin Liu, Dirk G. Kurth and Charl F. J. Faul, “Organized Nanostructured Complexes of Polyoxometalates and Surfactants that Exhibit Photoluminescence and Electrochromism, Advanced Functional Materials, 2009, 19, pages 642 to 652 [0096]
• JTRhule, CL Hill and DA Judd in the article "Polyoxometalates in Medicine" in Chemical Reviews, Volume 98, pages 327 to 357, in Table 1 "In Vitro Antiviral Activities of Polyoxometalates", pages 332 to 347, and in Table 2 " In Vivo Activities of Polyoxometalates ", page 351 [0098]

Claims (16)

Biocide-impregnated, reticulated foams with a fineness of 10 PPI (parts per inch) to 100 PPI with at least one biocidal coating on the cell walls. Biocide-impregnated, reticulated foams Claim 1 , characterized in that they can be produced from natural materials, woods, glass, metal and plastics. Biocide-impregnated, reticulated foams Claim 2 , characterized in that the reticulated foams can be produced from plastics. Biocide-impregnated, reticulated foams Claim 3 , characterized in that the reticulated foams are selected from the group consisting of foam filters for aquariums and ponds. Biocide-impregnated, reticulated foams according to one of the Claims 1 to 4th , characterized in that the at least one biocidal impregnation on the cell webs contain at least one type of bactericidal and / or virucidal which are fixed in and / or on at least one hardened impregnation agent. Biocide-impregnated, reticulated foams according to one of the Claims 1 to 5 , characterized in that the impregnation agent contains at least one water-soluble or water-dispersible binder and a colloidal metal dissolved in water. Biocide-impregnated, reticulated foams Claim 6 , characterized in that the at least one water-soluble or water-dispersible binder is at least one organic-inorganic hybrid polymer and / or at least one protective colloid. Biocide-impregnated, reticulated foams Claim 6 or 7th , characterized in that the at least one protective colloid is a water-soluble polymer selected from the group consisting of - partially saponified polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone, - nanocelluloses, microcelluloses and macrocelluloses and starches, - cellulose ethers (Tylose), selected from the group , consisting of methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, as well as - polyether acrylates, proteins, alginates, peptides and gelatine. Biocide-impregnated, reticulated foams Claim 8 , characterized in that the protective colloid is methyl cellulose. Biocide-impregnated, reticulated foams according to one of the Claims 6 to 9 , characterized in that the colloidal metal is selected from the group consisting of gold, silver, copper, zinc and tin. Biocide-impregnated, reticulated foams Claim 10 , characterized in that the colloidal metal is silver. Biocide-impregnated, reticulated foams according to one of the Claims 1 to 11 , characterized in that the plastics are selected from the group consisting of linear and / or branched and / or block-like, comb-like and / or randomly structured polyaddition resins, polycondensation resins and / or (co) polymers of ethylenically unsaturated monomers. Biocide-impregnated, reticulated, foams made from nach Claim 10 , characterized in that the (co) polymers from the group consisting of (meth) acrylate (co) polymers and / or polystyrene, polyvinyl esters, polyvinyl ethers, polyvinyl halides, polyvinyl amides, polyacrylonitriles, polyethylenes, polypropylenes, polybutylenes, polyisoprenes and / or their Copolymers are selected and the polyaddition resins or polycondensation resins from the group consisting of polyesters, alkyds, polylactones, polycarbonates, polyethers, proteins, epoxy resin-amine adducts, polyurethanes, alkyd resins, polysiloxanes, phenol-formaldehyde resins, urea-formaldehyde resins, Melamine-formaldehyde resins, Celluloses, polysulfides, polyacetals, polyethylene oxides, polycaprolactams, polylactones, polylactides, polyimides and / or polyureas are selected. Additional component (1) for placing on the air outlet of a room fan (11), which has an upper horizontal air outlet grille (6) and a lower horizontal air inlet grille (7), which are arranged parallel and congruent to one another, a circumferential vertical, air-impermeable side wall (3) and Has holding devices (10) on the lower side edges of the side walls (3) so that an air stream (L) flows vertically through the additional component (1), at least one biocide-impregnated, reticulated foam mat (4) according to one of the Claims 1 to 13th and / or at least one according to Claim 14 or 15th produced, biocidally impregnated, reticulated foam mat (4) is arranged between the air outlet grille (6) and the air inlet grille (7). Additional component (1) according to Claim 14 , characterized in that at least one activated carbon filter mat (5) is arranged on the at least one foam mat (4) between the uppermost foam mat (4) and the upper horizontal air outlet grille (6). Additional component (1) according to Claim 14 or 15th , characterized in that an opening flap (8) for inserting or replacing the at least one foam mat (4) or the at least one foam mat (4) and the at least one activated carbon filter mat (5) is attached at one point on the vertical side wall (4).

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