DE202019103174U1 - nettle fibers - Google Patents

Abstract

Nettle fiber obtained by a method for the production of nettle fibers, wherein the nettle fibers were obtained from plants of the family Nettle plants (Urticaceae), wherein for the production of the nettle fibers first of the plants by a, in particular wet-chemical and / or thermal and / or mechanical, pulping pulp After the pulp was swollen, swollen pulp was subsequently pressed and defibered and pressed and pulped pulp was used to make a spinning solution, the spinning solution was forced through nozzles into a coagulation bath, whereby the nettle fibers were spun.

Description

The present invention relates to nettle fibers and their production and threads, yarns and / or textiles comprising nettle fibers according to the invention and the use of nettle fibers in threads, yarns and / or textiles.

The textile industry uses a variety of different fibers. Examples of particularly frequently used fiber materials are synthetic fiber materials such as polyamide, polyester or elastane, fibers of fibrous materials of animal origin such as sheep wool or silk and fiber materials of vegetable origin such as cotton or viscose. The most common raw material for the production of viscose is cellulose, which is usually obtained from wood. Particularly suitable here is bamboo, which is used especially in Asia. Like cotton, bamboo can not be grown worldwide. Especially in Europe and beyond, much of North America, cultivation of both materials is not possible.

A potential source material for plant fibers are the nettle plants (Urticaceae). Nettle plants can be cultivated worldwide with the exception of the Arctic. Nettle fibers were already used in the 3rd and 4th centuries, for example, for the fletching of arrows. Also in the Middle Ages, nettle fibers were used as starting material for, for example, sails, clothing or ropes. In the 15th to 18th centuries, nettle fibers were mainly used for technical fabrics such as grain sacks or used as nettle cloth. However, nettle fibers, especially in Europe, were historically unable to compete with imported fibers such as cotton. Nonetheless, during periods of scarcity of resources, such as during the First World War, when nettle fibers were used to make uniforms, the nettle plants continued to experience lesser phases of upswing. The knowledge about nettle fibers and their cultivation was merged in 1959 by Gustav Bredemann in the monograph "The large stinging nettle Urtica dioica L. - Research on their cultivation for fiber production". Up to now, however, it has not been possible to produce pure nettle yarns and / or threads which have the fineness required for weaving and / or knitting. In particular, nettle fibers have thus far been used in blended yarns with, for example, cotton and / or viscose.

From the scriptures DE 10 2015 122 728 A1 and WO 2017/108036 A1 textiles with fibers based on nettles are known. The nettle fibers, however, are obtained exclusively by a mechanical digestion and not spun.

The object of the invention is therefore to enable utilization of nettle plants for fibers for the production of nettle yarns and / or threads and / or textiles from nettle fibers, in particular exclusively consisting of nettle fibers, in particular by means of chemical pulping and spinning of nettle fibers from a precipitation solution.

This differs in particular clearly from the production of natural nettle fiber by purely mechanical pulping, in which the grown fiber is obtained or shortened, but no new fiber is spun. In addition, with the method according to the invention, the entire stem and / or stem, in particular including the wood portion of the stem and / or the stem, can be used.

The object is achieved by a nettle fiber according to claim 1 or 14, a method for producing a nettle fiber according to the invention, and a use of, in particular inventive, nettle fiber in a thread, yarn and / or textile according to claim 11 and a thread, yarn and / or Textile according to claim 12 or claim 15. Claims 2 to 10 and 13 indicate advantageous developments.

The nettle fiber according to the invention was obtained by a method for the production of nettle fibers, wherein the nettle fibers were obtained from plants of the family Nesselgewächse (Urticaceae). For the production of the nettle fibers pulp was first obtained from the plants by one, in particular wet-chemical and / or thermal and / or mechanical, digestion. Subsequently, the pulp was swelled. Subsequently, swollen pulp was pressed and defibrated and the pressed and defibrated pulp was used to make a spinning solution. The spinning solution was forced through nozzles into a precipitation bath, whereby the nettle fibers were spun.

• d) Herstellung einer Spinnlösung beinhaltend gepressten und zerfaserten Zellstoff
• e) Pressen der Spinnlösung durch Düsen in ein Fällbad zum Erhalt der Nesselfasern.

The inventive method for the production of nettle fibers from plants of the family Nesselgewächse (Urticaceae) includes

• d) Preparation of a spinning solution containing pressed and shredded pulp
• e) pressing the spinning solution through nozzles into a precipitation bath to obtain the nettle fibers.

1. a) Gewinnen eines Zellstoffs aus den Pflanzen durch einen, insbesondere nasschemischen und/oder thermischen und/oder mechanischen, Aufschluss,
2. b) Aufquellen des Zellstoffs
3. c) Pressen und Zerfasern des aufgequollenen Zellstoffs,

It also includes, in particular, one or more of the following steps

1. a) obtaining a pulp from the plants by a, in particular wet-chemical and / or thermal and / or mechanical, digestion,
2. b) swelling of the pulp
3. c) pressing and defibering the swollen pulp,

Advantageous developments described below apply both to the inventive nettle fiber and to the method according to the invention for the production of nettle fibers.

Advantageously, the plants used in the family Nettle plants are plants of the genus Nettle (Urtica) and / or Ramie plants (Boehmeria). In addition, it is with particular advantage to plants of the species Great nettle (Urtica dioica), Small nettle (Urtica urens), Reed stinging nettle (Urtica kioviensis), pills nettle (Urtica pilulifera), Ramie (Boehmeria nivea) , Siberian hemp nettle (Urtica cannabina), Nilgirinessel (Girardinia diversifolia) and / or nettle (Urtica dioica convar. Fibra). Large stinging nettle (Urtica dioica), small nettle (Urtica urens), reed stinging nettle (Urtica kioviensis), and / or pills nettle (Urtica pilulifera) are in this case, for example, in Europe, especially in Germany, widespread Nesselgewäschse. Ramie (Boehmeria nivea), Siberian hemp nettle (Urtica cannabina), Nilgirinessel (Girardinia diversifolia) and / or fiber nettle (Urtica dioica convar. Fibra) are particularly suitable for the production of nettle fibers.

Advantageously, the digestion used is a wet-chemical digestion for the production of the pulp. Compared to, for example, a mechanical pulping, in which usually only short fibers can be obtained, the fibers can be obtained by means of a wet chemical pulping first in their full length, before they later rise in the spinning solution.

Advantageously, the pulp is swollen in caustic soda. Through the use of caustic soda, the cellulose contained in the pulp is converted into alkali cellulose. Alkali cellulose is particularly well suited for the production of the spinning solution and subsequent spinning.

Advantageously, the spinning solution contains sodium hydroxide and carbon disulfide in addition to the pulp. In particular, by the action of carbon disulfide on alkali cellulose a xanthate, which can form a viscous solution together with sodium hydroxide solution.

Advantageously, the precipitation bath contains sulfuric acid and in particular sodium sulfate and in particular zinc sulfate. This allows regeneration of the cellulose from the xanthate.

With particular advantage, stems and / or styles of the plants, in particular exclusively stems and / or styles, are used for the production of the nettle fibers. The stems and styles of the plants have a higher fiber content compared to the leaves. Furthermore, the leaves of nettle plants, if not used for fiber production, may find utility as a byproduct of plant crops in other areas such as the pharmaceutical industry. Moreover, stems and styles, which are by-produced in by-product applications of the nettle family, in which only the leaves are used, can be used for fiber production. This allows an optimization of the economic and ecological use of nettle plants.

Advantageously, the resulting nettle fibers have the ability to be spun into threads and / or yarns.

In particular, the fibers are spun or the fibers are formed so that the fiber lengths are predominantly or completely between 2 mm and 130 millimeters and / or their fineness is in the range between 0.5 and 30 dtex, and / or the fiber diameter in the range from 6 to 30 microns.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the inventive nettle fiber and / or of the method according to the invention, the nettle fibers are / were spun immediately after removal from the spinning solution to form threads and / or yarns. This allows freely selectable threads and / or yarns in length.

According to the invention is also a use of a, in particular inventive nettle fiber, in a thread, yarn and / or textile.

An inventive thread, yarn and / or textile includes, in particular, inventive nettle fibers. In particular, the nettle fibers in a thread, yarn and / or textile according to the invention have been produced by a method according to the invention for the production of, in particular, inventive nettle fibers.

In an advantageous embodiment of the thread, yarn and / or textile according to the invention, the nettle fibers, in particular directly, are spun from a spinning solution.

Advantageously, the thread (s), yarn and / or textile according to the invention contains in particular nettle fibers according to the invention.

Advantages and advantageous developments of the nettle fibers according to the invention and of the method according to the invention for the production of, in particular, inventive nettle fibers also apply to the use according to the invention and / or to the thread, yarn and / or textile according to the invention and vice versa.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102015122728 A1 [0004]
• WO 2017/108036 A1 [0004]

Claims (15)

Nettle fiber obtained by a method for the production of nettle fibers, wherein the nettle fibers were obtained from plants of the family Nettle plants (Urticaceae), wherein for the production of the nettle fibers first of the plants by a, in particular wet-chemical and / or thermal and / or mechanical, pulping pulp After the pulp was swollen, swollen pulp was subsequently pressed and defibered and pressed and pulped pulp was used to make a spinning solution, the spinning solution was forced through nozzles into a coagulation bath, whereby the nettle fibers were spun. Nesselfasern after Claim 1 , characterized in that the plants belong to the genus nettle (Urtica) and / or ramie plants (Boehmeria). Nettle fibers according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the plants to the type (s) Large nettle (Urtica dioica), Small nettle (Urtica urens), Reed stinging nettle (Urtica kioviensis), pills nettle (Urtica pilulifera), Ramie (Boehmeria nivea), Siberian hemp nettle (Urtica cannabina), Nilgirinessel (Girardinia diversifolia) and / or nettle (Urtica dioica convar. Fibra). Nettle fibers according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the digestion is a wet-chemical digestion. Nettle fibers according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pulp was swollen in sodium hydroxide solution. Nettle fibers according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the spinning solution contains sodium hydroxide solution and carbon disulfide and / or is formed thereby and the shredded pulp. Nettle fibers according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the precipitation bath contains sulfuric acid and in particular sodium sulphate and in particular zinc sulphate, in particular in addition to the constituents Claim 6 , Nettle fibers according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the nettle fibers were obtained from stems and / or styles of plants of the family Nesselgewächse, in particular exclusively stems and / or styles were used. Nettle fibers according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the nettle fibers are suitable for being spun into threads and / or yarns, in particular industrially and / or on conventional industrial installations. Nettle fibers according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the nettle fibers, in particular immediately after spinning, have been spun into threads and / or yarns from the spinning solution. Use of spun nettle fibers in threads, yarns and / or textiles. Thread, yarn and / or textile comprising spun nettle fibers, in particular at least 50% by weight, in particular at least 90% by weight. Thread, yarn and / or textile after Claim 12 , characterized in that the nettle fibers, in particular directly, were spun after removal from a spinning solution. Spun nettle fiber. Thread, yarn and / or textile containing nettle fibers according to one of Claims 1 to 10 or 14 ,