DE202019000127U1 - Super Steam Producer for distillates made of moist material - Google Patents

Abstract

Hot steam Producer for distillates made of moist material (12) in air-technical construction, whereby
for the formation of the distillates a separation stage TU (30), consisting of heat exchange means, provided from hot steam one and the wet material (9, 12) the other and
for heating the distillates a heat transfer medium (28) in a housing (27) are provided.

Description

The invention relates to hot steam generators for distillates of moist material to use the superheated steam for the drying of the moist material and to produce a surplus vapor during the drying of goods, so that even in the smaller power range <0.5 t / h evaporation, a Dry distillation is possible when drying with excess steam of wet material and sewage sludge.

Further, phosphorus P, based on the amount of 2 g P per ECW (population equivalent) and day in sewage sludge, according to the sewage sludge regulation § 3, 3a to 3d, the phosphorus from sewage sludge ash by extraction or dry sewage sludge by distillation to separate. Further, the invention is concerned with the production of the superheated steam in order to enable separation of the phosphor from a material layer in sewage sludge by dry distillation.

Namely, it is known about the separation of the distillates in a steam atmosphere that the water is evaporated at 100 ° C and anthropogenic phosphorus is released by sublimation at 363 ° C as a distillate of solid material at ambient pressure. Further information: Safety data sheet for P ₂ O ₅ .

Next is a dryer for moist heated material from the publication DE 29 43 528 C2 in which by the heating an inert gas is formed from water vapor, the steam is used for drying in a circuit and the material is heated indirectly via heating surfaces. For the direct heating of the moist material to form distillate and for the separation of phosphorus P from sewage sludge, especially in the lower power range, further measures are necessary.

Next is a dryer for airless drying after the DE 20 2018 001 268 U1 known, in which a plurality of heat exchangers are provided for the indirect heating of distillate. For equipment simplification, savings and climate protection in steam networks, in heat carriers for the drying of laundry and for the recovery of phosphorus P by superheated steam, further measures are necessary. It is true that according to the first law of thermodynamics - law for the conservation of energy - climate protection is given in a CO ₂ -free condensation of distillate.

Further, a fluidized bed oven for pre-dried sewage sludge from Werdhölzli (Zurich) is known, in which the task of moist material in a sand layer, in the following combustion, in the mixture with thousands of cubic meters of m3 air, in numerous emission control stages, in wet and dry flue gas cleaning , in acidic wash solutions, a digestion of the wet material with phosphorus P takes place in other steam and gas-based resources, incurred chemical waste from the dry and wet flue gas cleaning and recycled for disposal in the wastewater plant. (Further: Outotec.com, Oberursel) Disadvantage is the equipment and high financial expenditure for phosphorus in the quantity of 116 kg / h P (1,88 MOL / h and 42 Nm ³ / h), which in a pipeline, from 1 , 5 "is conveyable. 1 , Further measures are necessary in climate protection to avoid the consumption of fresh water of 254,000 m ³ in a phosphorus factory near Solothurn, the costs of CHF 55,000,000 and to allow smaller sizes. Details: phos (4) life procedure.

Significant disadvantage: thousandfold water consumption 1.000 MOL H ₂ O per MOL P, annihilation of the calorific value and 4 other chemical wastes, pollution of the sewage plant with wet hazardous waste of RG cleaning and ash transports on the A1- instead of energy production and conservation of energy in small sewage treatment plants.

A low temperature dryer is from the publication DE 295 04 040 U1 known to allow a gentle product evaporation by a low degree of saturation x of the exhaust air from the wet material. When drying in small plants with higher evaporation further measures are necessary to ensure the elimination of Enterobacteriaceen in sewage sludge.

Further, a method for treating sewage sludge ash after combustion in sand-fluidized layers after US 2016/0257574 A1 known, after which the combustion of the wet material in sand fluidized beds, a further treatment of acidified ashes of sewage sludge, 4 more filtrate stages in series, are provided for the treatment of a P-containing product finally in a spray dryer. In climate protection, for the conservation of energy, for the extraction of phosphorus without chemical waste and for the utilization of sewage sludge as fuel in smaller sewage treatment plants, further measures are necessary.

The protection specified in claim 1 invention is in the incineration of sewage sludge and phosphorus extraction from sewage sludge based on the problem in the scope of apparatus described above, based on the destruction of calorific values, the task and returns of Fe-containing raw materials and chemical waste into the wastewater as well as with high fresh water requirement, for more climate protection and for smaller sewage treatment plants a possibility for dry distillation in air-technical construction of moist material show and remove dry material with the example of sewage sludge as a concentrate, in order to allow a preservation of the calorific value for later use as primary energy. Another task in climate protection is to use surplus steam as CO ₂ -free energy and to use energy ecologically.

1. a) zur Bildung der Destillate eine Trennstufe TU, bestehend aus Wärmetauschmitteln vorgesehen, aus Heißdampf das eine, aus feuchtem Material das andere und
2. b) zur Aufheizung der Destillate ein Wärmeträger in einem Gehäuse vorgesehen sind,
3. c) und insbesondere ein Schüttgut in dem Gehäuse vorgesehen ist.

This problem is solved by the protection features listed in claim 1, with a superheated steam generator for distillates of moist material in airtight construction, in which

1. a) for the formation of the distillates a separation stage TU, consisting of heat exchange means provided from hot steam one, from wet material the other and
2. b) a heat transfer medium is provided in a housing for heating the distillates,
3. c) and in particular a bulk material is provided in the housing.

Advantageous developments and embodiments of the invention are possible by the measures mentioned in subclaims 2 to 10.

1. a) die Einfachheit: nämlich Heißdampferzeuger, Trennstufe TU, Ventilator + Regelventil ohne Subsysteme bei null Immission - (Zweistoffsystem),
2. b) die CO₂-freie Abwärme des 2-Stoffsystems im Überschussdampf, nach dem 1. Hauptsatz der Wärmelehre,
3. c) die Einbindung in kleinen Kläranlagen mit hochwertigen Schlämmen,
4. d) die Verdampfungsleistung mit 700 kg/m² Destillatmenge pro Stunde,
5. e) die Erzeugung von Brennstoff und Vermeidung der Deponien,
6. f) die Vermeidung der CO₂ Emissionen in der Höhe von 53.600 t pro Jahr in Zürich Werdhölzli, bei 1.400.000 EGW und Klimaschutz,
7. g) die Wertschöpfung pro Tonne Klärschlamm mit 458 CHF pro t TS. S.u.
8. h) die Gesundheitsvorsorge und Beseitigung der Enterobacteriaceen;
9. i) die trockene Destillation, sauberes Destillat und Gewässerschutz.

The advantages achieved by the invention for the drying consist in the high evaporation capacity of the superheated steam, without steam boiler, without steam network for all sizes as a dual-material system made of moist material; additional advantages:

1. a) the simplicity: namely hot steam generator, separation stage TU, fan + control valve without subsystems at zero immission - (binary system),
2. b) the CO ₂ -free waste heat of the 2-substance system in the excess steam, according to the 1st law of thermodynamics,
3. c) integration in small sewage treatment plants with high-quality sludges,
4. d) the evaporation rate with 700 kg / m ² amount of distillate per hour,
5. e) the production of fuel and avoidance of landfills,
6. f) the avoidance of CO ₂ emissions in the amount of 53,600 t per year in Zurich Werdhölzli, at 1,400,000 EGW and climate protection,
7. g) value added per ton of sewage sludge at CHF 458 per t DM. Su
8. h) health care and elimination of enterobacteriaceae;
9. i) dry distillation, clean distillate and water protection.

An essential feature of the invention is the hot steam generator for distillates of moist material to heat distillates, which were originally created by separation as steam, and provide the separation stage TU as a customer for the energy generated. Advantage: Climate protection and the conservation of CO ₂ -free energy according to the first law of thermodynamics in distilled water; Ecology and the condensation of excess steam; Another advantage: The distillate: clean, CO ₂ -free, chemically neutral, suitable for recycling to wastewater treatment: in activated sludge and / or digestion tower.

An advantageous embodiment of the invention is specified in protection claim 2. The development according to claim 2 makes it possible to provide a bulk material in the housing of the superheated steam generator in order to use the bulk material as a heat transfer medium. Advantage: large surfaces F for heat dissipation Qw. (Qw = F * k * (delta) T;)

An advantageous embodiment of the invention is specified in protection claim 3. The development according to claim 3 makes it possible to provide fired granules of sewage sludge as a bulk material and heat transfer medium to show after the separation of the phosphorus a high quality use for fired sewage sludge granules. Advantage: The added value of 500 to 4,000 € / t ash, selective for small wastewater treatment plants.

An advantageous embodiment of the invention is specified in protection claim 4. The development according to claim 4 makes it possible to provide heated bulk material, which is heated with an energy source. The advantage is the use of different primary energy and climate protection through the use of CO ₂ free energy eg electric with 0.16 CHF / kWh _EL .

An advantageous embodiment of the invention is specified in protection claim 5. The development according to claim 5 makes it possible to use digester gases, which occur in wastewater treatment plants as excess, as fossil fuels for superheated steam generators. Advantage: ecological products, digester gases, fuel, phosphorus, CO ₂ -free waste heat.

An advantageous embodiment of the invention is specified in protection claim 6. The development according to claim 6 makes it possible to heat distillates of water, H ₂ O and phosphorus pentoxide, P ₂ O ₅ , which are supplied as a wet material in the heater. Advantage: A value added by superheated distillate as superheated steam without steam boiler, small separation stages TU, cost savings, advantageously used in small wastewater treatment plants (<50,000 EGW).

An advantageous embodiment of the invention is specified in protection claim 7. The development according to claim 7 makes it possible to operate a cycle with distillates as a dual-fuel system to use the distillates of the superheated steam generator as a primary energy. Advantage: Climate protection, the heat output of steam, small sizes and fire safety, health protection, zero emissions.

An advantageous embodiment of the invention is specified in protection claim 8. The development according to claim 8 makes it possible to provide a dryer for forming the separation stage in the circuit, as part of the binary system, for the formation of distillate. Advantage of the dual function: steam and recyclable material of moist material; ecologically important: CO ₂ free waste heat, fuel and distilled H ₂ O.

An advantageous embodiment of the invention is specified in protection claim 9. The development according to claim 9 makes it possible to provide a quench cooler, which is arranged in a cooling circuit, to derive excess energy from condensing steam and to allow the recovery of energy according to the 1st law. Advantage: Climate protection with excess steam through CO ₂ -free energy and 1st law of thermodynamics / Katowice - 2018. Important: Climate protection through cost savings according to the 1st law of thermodynamics.

Ecology: The recovery of distilled water, H2O; Another advantage: The precision of the material values of water vapor, namely at 110 ° C overheating and cooling to 25 ° C, recovery of 620 kcal / kg or 0.721 kWh / kg distillate in dual-fluid systems.

An advantageous hot steam generator for distillates of sewage sludge is specified in protection claim 10. The development according to claim 10 makes it possible to provide for the formation of the distillates of sewage sludge a separation stage TU consisting of heat exchange means of steam from the one, from moist sewage sludge the other and to heat the distillates to provide a heat transfer in the housing to the distillates from H ₂ Obtain O and P ₂ O ₅ by dry distillation. Advantage: Generation of fuel, small sizes and climate protection through substitution of lignite. For details: under 1 ,

Advantage: 2-fold climate protection with 3.56 t CO ₂ savings per t of lignite in the cement plant and with CO2-free energy from excess steam of the 2-material system.

• 1 Feuchtes Material über Trennstufen TU-(flächen)
• 2 Heißdampf Erzeuger für 2-Stoffsysteme aus feuchtem Material

Further advantages of the invention result from the adaptation of the climate protection to the local costs (CHF / kWh) for energy and are shown as a drawing and as a numerical example. Show it:

• 1 Moist material via separating stages TU (surfaces)
• 2 Hot steam generator for 2-material systems made of damp material

1. a) dass die thermische Leistung für die Bildung der Destillatmenge 5 mit der 72 - fachen Höhe des Phosphor 3 aufgetragen ist und die Trennstufen TU-Fläche von der Zufuhr des Heißdampfes und der H2O-Destillation bestimmt sind,
2. b) und die Destillate des Phosphors 3 in der Menge von 42 Nm³/h mit Bruchteilen der Energie in einer Trennstufe TU gewonnen werden.

The material layers are in 1 with the areas of cross-sections, formed from the F-factors of the separation stages TU, in distillate amounts per second - valid for Werdhölzli - represented from an area 1 , adjusted to the distillate amount of 1.88 moles in size of 42 Nm ³ / h at an F-factor 1 or 1 Nm / sec, from a surface 2 for a tube flow of the distillate of 42 Nm ³ / h at a speed of 20 Nm / sec, in the actual size for 42 Nm ³ / h with the side lengths of 11 cm and the diameter of 2.8 cm and from the wet material quantities that act as phosphorus 3 with the height of 2.67 mm, as a dry material 4 (Sewage sludge) with the height 80 mm and as water 5 with height 260 mm as mass flows for a sewage treatment plant of 1.400.000 EGW as quantity (delta) m uniform next to an ordinate 6 in (mm) to scale, in the manner shown,

1. a) that the thermal power for the formation of the amount of distillate 5 with 72 times the phosphorus 3 is applied and the separation stages TU area are determined by the supply of superheated steam and H2O distillation,
2. b) and the distillates of phosphorus 3 be obtained in the amount of 42 Nm ³ / h with fractions of energy in a separation stage TU.

In addition to the area-related representation in 1 of separation stages sizes in the production of 2 recyclables, other representations are possible for apparatuses that are not listed in detail. Important for the treatment of wet material and moist sewage sludge is the use of distillates heated in a superheated steam generator to achieve the benefits of the invention.

Advantage is the high energy density of superheated steam at 782.7 kcal / kg at 400 ° C compared to the air with 96 kcal / kg air at 400 ° C and the intense distillate formation in the boundary layers to allow better heat transfer in the separation stages TU , The main advantage: The evaporation rate at 1.25 Nm / sec and 1 m ² , for superheated steam: 300 ° C / 734.0 kcal / kg 510 kg / h per m2 TU at superheated steam: 350 ° C / 758.2 kcal / kg 644 kg / h per m2 TU for superheated steam: 400 ° C / 782.7 kcal / kg 778 kg / h per m2 TU Smaller sizes, at 50,000 EGW with 3,000 kg TS and 7,000 kg of water per day have a water evaporation of 291 kg distillate per h. Nominal area TU according to claim 8 and 350 ° C (291/644) 0.451 m ² Surface, installed at 8-hour operation 2 m ² & 50,000 EGW With the savings of the 2-material system (per day) 10 t disposal at 95, - CHF in Zurich 950 CHF / day s. Werdhölzli 7 t distillate: condensation approx. 5,000 kWh * 0.1 500 CHF / day 3 t DM as fuel / HU 3,000 kcal / kg / 0,1 CHF / kWh 3,000 * 3,000 / 860 * 0.1 CHF 1,046 CHF / day Savings of 50,000 EGW / no yield * from P 2,500 CHF / day Over 365 days - saving (2,500 * 365) 910,000 CHF / year *) Not included, the proceeds from the extraction of phosphorus P.

1. (1) Heißdampf als Betriebsmittel in 2-Stoffsystemen vorhanden ist- auch bei kleinen und kleinsten Baugrößen,
2. (2) Energie Überschuss (1. Hauptsatz der Wärmelehre / CO₂-frei) aus dem Überschussdampf gewonnen wird - Vorteile für kleine Gemeinden,
3. (3) mehr Wertstoffe dezentral in Kommunen vorhanden sind - weniger Industrie,
4. (4) im Klimaschutz hohe Einsparungen an CO₂ dezentral möglich sind.

A scheme with a superheated steam generator in 2-material systems is in 2 for the formation of a separation stage TU with moist material shown ventilation, consisting of a housing 27 the superheated steam generator, a heat carrier 28 in the case 27 , an order line 29 for distillate of a separation stage TU 30 , a free space 7 , an order line 8th for superheated steam in the separation stage TU 30 with a damp material 9 eg sewage sludge, a free space 10 , a sampling line 11 for exhaust steam from the separation stage TU 30 , enriched with distillate, from a task device 12 for damp material, a sampling line 13 of dry material (concentrate), a shut-off device 14 , a fan 15 forming a circuit via the supply line 29 of distillate in the superheated steam generator with the heat transfer medium 28 , which in the present example indirectly with a heating element 16 and by heat conduction through a window 17 from a heat transfer layer 18 is heated (which is described below) and the scheme of a cooling circuit via the fan 15 , from a pipeline 19 and a quench cooler 20 according to F28C 3/06, a feed line 21 for liquid coolant and a withdrawal line 22 is designed for condensate in the way for smaller communities

1. (1) superheated steam is available as operating medium in two-component systems - even for small and very small sizes,
2. (2) energy surplus (1st law of thermodynamics / CO ₂ -free) is extracted from the excess steam - benefits for small communities,
3. (3) more recyclables are distributed locally in municipalities - less industry,
4. (4) high savings in CO ₂ are possible in decentralized climate protection.

Next is in 2 an indirect heating with the window 17 and the heat transfer layer 18 shown schematically, the from a supply line 23 for gas and digester gases, a supply line 24 for combustion air to form a fluidized bed furnace and for heat dissipation by heat conduction through the window 17 is designed so that under utilization of the high heat conduction in fluidized beds with lambda = 10,000 kcal / mh grd an indirect heating of the superheated steam generator is possible.
In addition to the closed plant management, the ventilation design is 2 with a sampling line 25 connected to dissipate excess gases and excess steam of the system. A pipeline 26 is intended for flue gases to achieve the benefits of the superheated steam generator.

Further advantages in terms of climate protection can be found in the data of the Basic Engineering, which is presented in the known plans for Zurich Werdhölzli, as follows:

A) Advantages by means of valuable substances as distillate and the savings from the excess vapor with the material value of 0.721 kWh / kg of distillate, produced during the drying of the moist material with superheated steam: Example Werdhölzli 70,000 t / H ₂ O per year condensation heat 0.721 kWh / kg distillate Energy according to Migrol 10 Rp / kWh or (0.1 CHF / kWh) CO ₂ savings based on heating oil 0.39 kg CO ₂ / kWh Savings on H ₂ O 1000 * 0.721 = 721 kWh 72.1 CHF / t distillate Saving per year 70,000 * 72.1 CHF 5,047,000 CHF / year Saving CO ₂ : 721 * 0.39 * 70,000 19,683 t-CO ₂ / year

B) Advantages as a fuel with 2,500 kcal / kg TS for cement plants and as a substitute for lignite or fossil energy: (fuel oil) Example Werdhölzli 30,000 t-TS per year Calorific value of sewage sludge TS 2,500 kcal / kg or (2,90 kWh / kg) Replacement of fuel oil: 10 Rp / kWh and 0.39 kg CO ₂ / kWh Saving per year 30,000 * 2,900 kWh * 0.1 CHF 8,700,000 Saving CO ₂ : 30,000 * 2,900 * 0.39 kg 33,930 t-CO ₂ / year

C) Saving: P phosphor recovery, without the wet digestion of sewage sludge ash: saving in Zuchwil 50,000,000 CHF Summary of A), B), C) (A) + (B) Advantage in climate protection: 53,613 t-CO ₂ / year (A) + (B) Relief of the general public 13,747,000 CHF / year (C) discharge - once 50,000,000 CHF (A) + (B) + (C) Total discharge in the 1st year 63,774,000 CHF

Climate protection through the desired substitution of 1 t of brown coal, Hu 5,000 kcal / kg in cement works: (Dr. E. Schmidl, Abfall und Abfall, July 2018). Sewage sludge, at 2 t TS 3.56 t CO ₂ / t - brown coal Savings of 2 t TS from Switzerland CHF 916 / t - brown coal

Important advantages for climate protection are,
Technology: The 2-fuel systems by superheated steam generator & moist material Ecology: The products: fuel, distilled water, excess steam Saving: The 1st law of thermodynamics: "Law of Conservation of Energy".

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

surface

2

Area of pipe flow

3

Material, - layer P

4

Material, - layer TS

5

Material, - layer H ₂ O

6

Ordinate (mm)

7

free space

8th

task management

9

Filling, moist material

10

free space

11

withdrawal line

12

Material, wet

13

Extraction line for material, dry

14

shutoff

15

fan

16

heating element

17

window

18

Heat transfer layer

19

pipeline

20

Quench cooler QK

21

task management

22

withdrawal line

23

Feed line for gas

24

Feed line for air

25

Derivation of excess steam

26

Pipeline for flue gases

27

casing

28

heat transfer

29

task management

30

Separation stage TU (Transfer Unit)

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 2943528 C2 [0004]
• DE 202018001268 U1 [0005]
• DE 29504040 U1 [0008]
• US 2016/0257574 A1 [0009]

Claims (10)

Hot steam Producer for distillates made of moist material (12) in air-technical construction, whereby for the formation of the distillates a separation stage TU (30), consisting of heat exchange means, provided from hot steam one and the wet material (9, 12) the other and for heating the distillates a heat transfer medium (28) in a housing (27) are provided. Hot steam generator according to the above Protection claim 1 , wherein a bulk material is provided in the housing (27). Superheated steam generator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein fired granules of sewage sludge are provided. Superheated steam generator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein heated bulk material is provided with an energy carrier (16). Superheated steam generator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein fermentation gases are provided as fossil energy. Superheated steam generator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein distillates of water, H ₂ O and phosphorus pentoxide, P ₂ O _{5 are} provided. Superheated steam generator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a cycle is provided for distillates. Hot steam generator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a dryer for forming the separation stage TU (30) is provided. Hot steam generator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a quench cooler (20) is provided in a cooling circuit. Superheated steam generator for distillates of sewage sludge according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a) to form the distillates of water, H ₂ O and phosphorus pentoxide P ₂ O ₅ a separation stage TU (30) provided from heat exchange means, from superheated steam one and from moist sewage sludge others and b) with superheated steam a production of (2) recyclables, P-containing distillate and concentrate of the sewage sludge are provided as a fuel substitute for fossil fuels, eg lignite.

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