DE202018003474U1 - Multilayer layer construction - Google Patents

Abstract

Multi-layered layer structure (1) provided for use for an element (2) for use as a floor, wall, ceiling, furniture, decoration, interior finishing element, preferably strip, profile, edge, door and / or Window element, façade, wallpaper, car interior, car exterior and / or outdoor covering element with at least one biopolymer-containing and / or biopolymer layer (22) and at least one decorative layer (7).

Description

The invention relates to a multi-layered layer structure intended for use for an element for use as a floor, wall, ceiling, furniture, decoration, interior finishing element, preferably strip, profile, edge, door and / or window element, Façade, wallpaper, car interior, car exterior and / or outdoor covering element.

Layer structures of the aforementioned type have plastics based on petroleum. Often, such layer structures exist exclusively on petroleum-based plastics, which are also not biodegradable, such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC).

Consequently, materials are used for the production of the layer structures that do not regrow and are usually not biodegradable. In particular, with regard to the shortage of raw materials and the sinking oil stocks are non-renewable raw materials as base materials for layer structures of the aforementioned type disadvantageous. Due to the sinking global crude oil reserves, rising costs for oil-based materials are expected in the long term, which will consequently drastically increase the long-term production costs of the entire multi-layer coating structure.

If the oil stocks were used up, a known from the prior art layer structure could not be produced economically.

Furthermore, the layer structures known from practice can neither be reused nor biodegraded, according to which a very low ecological compatibility is present. The petrochemical materials can also contain pollutants and are therefore not environmentally friendly.

The object of the present invention is therefore to avoid or at least substantially reduce the abovementioned disadvantages in the prior art. In particular, it is the object of the present invention to provide an ecologically sustainable, environmentally friendly, pollution-free and / or biodegradable multilayer coating structure which is also suitable and / or useable for large-scale production.

The above object is provided according to the invention in a multilayer coating structure for use as an element for use as a floor, wall, ceiling, furniture, decoration, interior finishing element, preferably ledge, profile, edge, door and / or or window element, façade, wallpaper, car interior, car exterior and / or outdoor covering element according to the invention achieved in that the multilayered layer structure comprises at least one biopolymer-containing and / or biopolymer layer and at least one decorative layer.

Under an outdoor covering element according to the invention, in particular a façade, Glasflächen-, Terrassenbelags- and / or visual protection element understood.

According to the invention, the multilayer coating structure can also be applied to an element for use as household appliance, display, signboard, picture, truck tarpaulin, body, sanitary object, luminaire, electrical appliance, household item, clothing, jewelery, clock, lamp, carpet, switch, socket, awning, Curtain, roller shutter, blind, packaging, mobile phone, sleeve for mobile phone and / or stove should be provided.

As a biopolymer-containing material and / or as a biopolymer according to the invention a biodegradable material and / or a biogenic raw material understood, in particular wherein a material of organic substances is preferred. The organic substances can be formed as plant-based and / or living-substance-based substances and / or raw materials.

An advantage of a biopolymer is that it is preferably biodegradable and / or in particular is obtained from a renewable raw material. Conventional plastic materials, as stated above, are mostly based on petroleum and, consequently, on a limited resource. By using a biopolymer, this can be circumvented, so that the multilayer film composite has a very high ecological compatibility.

If appropriate, the decorative layer, in combination with the layer, can influence the visual appearance of the multilayer layer structure at least in certain areas. The decorative layer can consequently be opaque at least in some areas and / or represent a decoration.

In a particularly preferred embodiment it is provided that the decorative layer is directly and / or indirectly connected to the, in particular formed as a film layer. In the case of an indirect bond, it is provided that at least one further layer is arranged between the decorative layer and the layer.

In particular, it is provided that a metal-containing and / or metallic metal layer is provided in the multi-layered layer structure. The Metal layer may be arranged indirectly and / or directly on the layer.

Particularly preferably, the layer is formed as a film layer. Alternatively or additionally, it may be provided that a film layer is integrated in the layer structure which is not formed as a layer - i. which has no biopolymeric material.

In the realization of the invention, it has surprisingly been found that metallic surfaces can be produced on a film layer with low production costs. Such a metallized film layer and / or layer and / or a metal layer, which cooperates at least indirectly with a film layer and / or layer, can be applied to at least one of the aforementioned elements. Thus, with relatively low production costs, metallic surfaces can be provided on different elements. These metallic surfaces may also have a polished surface and are not limited to dull appearances.

• Die sogenannte Finishfolie, die aus dem Möbel und Innenausbaubereich bekannt ist, ist vorzugsweise eine dekorative, insbesondere optional bedruckte, Folie auf Papier- und/oder Kunststoffbasis.
• Vorzugsweise weist die Finishfolie eine gebrauchsfertige Oberflächenschicht und/oder Schutzschicht auf und kann zur Weiterverarbeitung genutzt werden. Insbesondere kann die Finishfolie für Möbel-, Fußböden- und/oder Paneeloberflächen verwendet werden.
• Zudem kann die Finishfolie auch als Verbundfolie ausgebildet sein, insbesondere wobei die Finishfolie mehrere Schichten und/oder Folienschichten aufweist.
• Die Finishfolie wird vorzugsweise auf, insbesondere Holzwerkstoffe aufweisende, Trägerschichten und/oder -platten aufgebracht, insbesondere durch Kaschierung. Des Weiteren kann die Folienschicht auch auf bauseitige Platten und/oder Untergründe aufgebracht sein, insbesondere wobei rückseitig eine aufgebrachte Klebeausrüstung vorgesehen sein kann.

According to the invention, the multilayered layer structure in the manner of a composite and / or finish film for lamination can be provided on furniture and / or interior finishing elements and / or floor panels. A finish foil preferably means the following:

• The so-called finish film, which is known from the furniture and interior design sector, is preferably a decorative, in particular optionally printed, paper and / or plastic-based film.
• The finish film preferably has a ready-to-use surface layer and / or protective layer and can be used for further processing. In particular, the finish film can be used for furniture, flooring and / or panel surfaces.
• In addition, the finish film may also be formed as a composite film, in particular wherein the finish film has a plurality of layers and / or film layers.
• The finish film is preferably applied to, in particular wood-based, carrier layers and / or plates, in particular by lamination. Furthermore, the film layer can also be applied to on-site plates and / or substrates, in particular wherein an applied adhesive equipment can be provided on the back side.

Furthermore, it can visually and partially haptically realistically close the film surface in all types of real wood. Furthermore, the design of new creations for surface structures is possible.
In the field of design, this opens up a multitude of creative possibilities in which metallic surfaces can be used. The metallic surface can be visible over the whole area or at least in a partial area through the multi-layered layer structure. In a simple manner, the invention succeeds in providing elements with a metallic surface without having to apply the metal layer directly or directly to the elements. According to the invention, the application of the metallic surface to one of the aforementioned elements by the application of the multilayer coating structure.

In particular, in comparison to the painting with metallic colors shows a variety of advantages. Thus, a uniform appearance of the metal layer can be achieved, without streaking, clouding and / or lumping. In addition, the optical appearance of the metal layer is not limited to certain metals or imitations of certain metals. According to the invention, the appearance of a variety of different metals can be ensured.

This creates a completely new design concept or a completely new possibility for the integration of metallic surfaces in different areas of interior design, for example in the floor, wall and / or ceiling area. Thus, according to the invention, a floor covering element with a metallic surface can be provided which has a metal layer with a comparatively small layer height, which has preferably been applied directly to the film layer and / or layer. For the (optical) production of a metallic floor, it is therefore no longer necessary according to the invention to lay metal plates.

According to the invention, metal optics can consequently be provided authentically and authentically in the form or in the manner of a, in particular flexible, decorative film which, moreover, is also economical to produce. In particular, the multilayer layer structure according to the invention is distinguished by its high compatibility for further elements, preferably multilayer modular and / or elastic floor coverings, furniture and / or interior construction surfaces.

The aforementioned low production costs are based on the fact that a film layer can be used with a very low purchase price, which subsequently interacts at least indirectly with a metal layer, wherein the metal layer can be characterized by a very low material consumption.

Both glossy and brushed metal surfaces can be provided, particularly shiny chrome, glossy gold, glossy copper, copper rose shiny, aluminum natural, brushed chrome, brushed stainless steel, brushed gold and / or brushed copper.

Furthermore, according to the invention, the material use of the metal can be very resource-saving, since in particular very small layer thicknesses are sufficient to achieve a very good optical quality, as will be explained below.

Furthermore, the multilayer coating structure is characterized by a very high lightfastness, which has been increased or improved by up to 40% compared to a conventional plastic film. In addition, the multilayer coating structure has a very good temperature resistance, color consistency and water resistance. Thus, multi-layered layer structures with a metal layer without or with hardly visible optical deviations can be made available at different production batches. Even if stored for more than 24 hours in water, there are preferably no visible changes to the cut edges of the multi-ply layer structure, so that the multi-ply layer structure can be made watertight.

So far, it is common, for example, for floor coverings and / or furniture, which represent a preferred field of application of the invention, to use a wood decor, since metallic surfaces can only be imitated with a very low color quality. According to the invention, therefore, an alternative can be provided for imitation of the wood decor, preferably for floor coverings, furniture and / or interior work. Consequently, a unique metallic materiality can be achieved, whereby trend decorations with a high attractiveness can be provided. The metal character can be replicated authentically, since the metal layer has "real" metal - and not just imitates the appearance of metal. Nonetheless, the multi-layered layer construction is environmentally friendly with a minimum use of resources.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, it is provided that the film layer and / or the layer is at least partially transparent and / or translucent, in particular translucent, is formed. Transparency is an optical property of a material, in the present case the film layer and / or the layer. A transparent embodiment according to the invention is understood to mean such a design of the film layer and / or the layer which is permeable to electromagnetic waves. Electromagnetic waves can thus be transmitted through the film layer, with a high transmittance is provided, preferably a transmittance of greater than or equal to 0.9. According to the invention, the film layer is transparent to light from the spectral range of electromagnetic radiation (380 to 750 nm) which is visible to humans. Through the film layer, the metal layer can be optically visible and / or recognizable.

According to the invention, translucent means a partial light transmission of a body, in the present case the film layer. It is conceivable that a body is translucent, but not transparent, as it allows partial transmission of light.

Transparency is therefore understood to mean a transparency of the image and / or the eyes, whereby translucency is understood as meaning light transmission. The reciprocal property of translucency is opacity, that is, opacity. Consequently, the film layer is at least partially opaque. A translucent film layer may in particular have a milky or whitish structure or appearance.

Preferably, the film layer and / or the layer is formed such that the metal layer is optically visible and / or recognizable at least in regions on the use side of the multilayer layer structure. In this way it can be achieved that the metallic surface can also be seen from the outside - that is to say on the side of use. In principle, it is also conceivable that the metal layer on both sides - that is, the user side and the user side opposite side - is visible. Consequently, this can be used specifically to change the appearance of the metal layer, for example by overlaying with the at least partially transparent and / or translucent film layer and / or layer. Thus, according to the invention, the multilayered layer structure can only have the metallic surface in some areas and / or let the metallic surface shine through over its entire area, optionally overlaid by the appearance of the film layer and / or the layer. In particular, a multiplicity of different optical design options of the multilayer layer structure can be achieved.

The transparent layers of the multilayer protective layer without the metal layer, in particular cover layer, are preferably provided in a crystal clear design, so that the metallic effect comes to full advantage. However, it can also be provided that the aforementioned layers have a deliberately translucent coloring, for example a milky and / or whitish coloring. As a result, the metallic effect can also be influenced, for example A chrome high-gloss surface by a milky, whitish color optically targeted dull act.

In addition, it is provided in a further embodiment of the inventive concept that the metal layer is directly and / or indirectly firmly connected to the film layer. A direct bonding of the metal layer to the film layer is understood as meaning such a composite in which the metal layer is arranged directly above and / or below the film layer. In the case of an indirect bonding of the metal layer to the film layer, further layers may be enclosed between the metal layer and the film layer, wherein the metal layer is fixedly connected to the film layer via the further layers.

The multilayered layer structure preferably has a carrier layer at least in regions, the metal layer being arranged directly and / or indirectly on the carrier layer. The carrier layer is preferably in the form of a biopolymer-containing and / or biopolymer-comprising layer according to the invention.

The metal layer may in particular be firmly, preferably inseparably, connected to the carrier layer. In addition, the metal layer may be provided on the upper side, facing the use side, and / or on the underside on the carrier layer.

The carrier layer ultimately serves as a carrier for the metal layer and, moreover, the carrier layer can also be connected directly and / or indirectly firmly to the foil layer.

In a further preferred embodiment, the film layer and / or the biopolymer-containing and / or biopolymer layer is formed as a partial, preferably discontinuous, layer and / or full-surface layer.

Preferably, the film layer is formed as a carrier layer, so that more preferably the film layer is arranged directly on the support layer formed as a film layer, in particular has been applied to the film layer. An inseparable and / or non-destructively detachable composite of the film layer to the metal layer allows a compact arrangement of the multilayer film structure, which may also be formed flexibly and / or elastically in the manner of a decorative film due to the flexible and / or elastic properties of the film layer. Accordingly, the multilayered layer structure can also be arranged on uneven surfaces of the element, without causing air pockets or wrinkles of the multilayered layer structure. Further particularly preferably, in particular on the upper side facing the use side, at least partially at least one at least single-layer protective layer is arranged on the layer, film layer, the carrier layer, the decorative layer and / or the metal layer. Preferably, the protective layer is a layer according to the invention - i. a biopolymer-containing and / or biopolymer layer - formed.

The protective layer may be formed as a protective film and / or as a protective coating, in particular as a coating, impregnation, lamination and / or film coating. In addition, the protective layer, the layer, the carrier layer and / or the film layer may be at least partially transparent and / or translucent, in particular transparent. Preferably, the protective layer is at least partially transparent and / or translucent formed in at least one overlap region with the film layer, the composite of the film layer and the protective layer is transparent and / or translucent, so that, preferably arranged on the film layer, metal layer in the transparent and / or translucent overlapping areas on the use page visually shines through.

Consequently, the metal layer is at least partially recognizable on the use side. In addition, the layer, protective layer, the carrier layer and / or the film layer may have a pigmentation and / or colored, preferably through-dyed, and / or painted on the top and / or bottom side. Finally, the protective layer can also influence the optical appearance of the multilayer layer structure, for example to achieve a decoration of the entire multilayer layer structure or for the optical design and / or modification of the multilayer layer structure.

Incidentally, the film layer may be formed as a protective layer. Accordingly, the metal layer is preferably arranged on a carrier layer, wherein, in particular the top side, facing the use side, the film layer configured as a protective layer is arranged on the metal layer and / or the carrier layer. The protective layer can protect the element and / or the metal layer from mechanical stresses. The protective layer acts as a top wear layer with a high scratch and / or wear resistance and also has a high fingerprint insensitivity. Consequently, preferably no fingerprints are distinguished on the multilayered layer structure.

The cleaning and care of the multilayer coating structure, which is arranged on an element, is very easy for the user, with cleaning and / or wiper strips safely prevented can be. This manifests itself in particular as an advantage for use as a floor covering element or for coating the floor covering element. The high abrasion resistance of the multi-layered layer structure provided by the protective layer ensures long-term use of the multi-layered layer structure.

According to a further embodiment of the inventive concept, it is provided that a plurality of at least single-layer protective layers is integrated in the multi-layered layer structure. For example, a protective layer on the upper side, facing the use side, may be provided on the multilayered layer structure. Further protective layers can be integrated into the layer sequence of the multilayer layer structure, in particular wherein the protective layer is formed as a damping layer.

In the case of a damping layer, which is preferably designed as a plastic film, there is the advantage that unevenness of the carrier layer, for example a carrier plate, and / or a substrate does not appear on the use side of the multilayered layer structure. Moreover, the protective layer formed as a damping layer can prevent unevenness on the surface of the element facing the multi-ply layer structure-the use side of the element-after the application of the multilayer layer structure. This marking is also referred to in practice as a "telegraphing" of bumps. The damping layer thus prevents such telegraphing.

In addition, protective layers formed as coatings between the layers can also be provided at least in regions, for example for influencing the visual appearance of the multilayered layer structure and / or for sealing or for protecting the decorative layer, which is preferably partial. Furthermore, the protective layer can also be provided to protect the underside of the multilayered layer structure. Likewise, the protective layer can also be designed as protection for the metal layer, in particular the metallization, in particular wherein then the protective layer is formed as a coating and / or plastic film layer or plastic film. A protective layer of the aforementioned type can be used for example for arranging the multilayered layer structure on the element.

Furthermore, the film layer and / or the biopolymer-containing and / or biopolymer layer may be printed at least in regions. Such a printing can preferably be provided for forming the decorative layer, which has been applied at least in part to the film layer and / or the layer. Preferably, the film layer and / or the layer in the unprinted areas, which are not covered in particular by the decorative layer, transparent and / or translucent formed. In addition, the film layer and / or the layer, in particular the composite of the film layer and the decorative layer, can be made translucent in the printed areas.

Preferably, therefore, an overlay of the metal layer with the decorative layer can take place, wherein the decorative layer can be made translucent, in particular such that the metal layer is optically visible at least in regions from the use side of the multilayered layer structure.

Alternatively or additionally, the metal layer, in particular for the formation of the decorative layer, be printed at least partially. Preferably, the film layer is formed at least partially transparent and / or translucent; and more preferably in those areas where the printed metal layer and / or the unprinted metal layer from the outside - that is from the use side - should be visually recognizable.

In particular, the decorative layer consists of a printing and / or coating and / or has these. The decorative layer formed as a coating may be formed as a coating, coating and / or as a film, in particular adhesive film, preferably based on paper and / or plastic.

In a further preferred embodiment, the at least one decorative layer of the use side of the layer structure is provided on and / or facing away from the layer, the film layer, the protective layer and / or the metal layer. Finally, it goes without saying that a plurality of decorative layers can also be integrated into the layer structure. The decorative layer can be produced by printing and / or coating the layer, the film layer, the protective layer, the carrier layer and / or the metal layer. In addition, the decorative layer can be formed as a full-area and / or partial area, preferably interrupted, layer. By partial and / or interrupted formation of the decorative layer, the metal layer may be at least partially covered, in particular wherein the decorative layer is formed opaque in those areas. Thus, the visual appearance of the multilayered layer structure can be predetermined by the, in particular discontinuous, decorative layer and the metal layer, which is preferably optically recognizable from the use side of the multilayered layer structure.

Preferably, the decorative layer is at least partially transparent and / or translucent, in particular translucent, formed. Alternatively or additionally, the decorative layer can be formed over part of the area. The abovementioned embodiments can be designed in particular in such a way that the metal layer, in particular on the upper side, facing the use side, is visible at least in regions, preferably visually recognizable and / or optically shining through. Accordingly, the decorative layer may be at least partially transparent and / or translucent in the case of a full-area formation as a layer, so that the metal layer, which is preferably provided on the underside of the decorative layer, can be seen on the outside from the use side.

In this context, it is particularly preferred that the, preferably printed, decorative layer at least partially a decor based on the imitation of a material and / or texture, in particular a natural material and / or a natural texture, preferably based on a wood, stone material and / or Concrete, tile, ceramic, metal material and / or on the basis of a graphic and / or photographic and / or typographical elements having and / or a natural and / or artificial patina texture having décor. Preferably, therefore, in combination with the decorative layer, the metal layer can provide the visual appearance and achieve such textures or imitations of a material that can not currently be used for the elements of the aforementioned areas of use. Under a Patinatextur is particularly a decorative layer with use, aging and / or weathering effects, especially the so-called "vintage look" or "used look" understood. A patina texture may include scratch marks, sanding marks, damage, discoloration and / or spalling, particularly visible on a surface. In addition, imitation printing may provide an imitation of a patina surface for a real prototype and / or an artificially, artistically, artistically, and / or graphically generated patina texture.

In experiments that have been carried out during the realization of the invention, it was found that a metal layer of polished and / or high-gloss chrome, copper and / or gold is optically well recognizable even after printing the decorative layer as a metallic layer. This is especially true even if the printing has been carried out with low color opacity and / or color saturation. It can be achieved by printing a matte metal surface. The high-gloss metal surface can be influenced by a translucent, translucent printing in the gloss level, so that the finest nuances between glossy and matte metal surface are specifically adjustable. As a result, the visual and creative scope is greatly expanded. In particular, there is also a logistical advantage, since no additional matte metal types have to be provided to produce a matt metal surface. Even brushed metal surfaces can be imitated by the decorative layer with a brush structure. Advantages arise in particular in the case of the translucent and / or printed decorative layer arranged above the metal layer, preferably on the transparent film layer designed as a plastic film. It was also found in the experiments that the color yellow as a translucent printed layer, for example, in the rear printing, in combination with a chrome high-gloss surface looks gold metallic optically. Thus, the color choice and color can be combined with each other. Translucent printed colors can have a metallic, shiny appearance through the metal layer.

Consequently, the multilayered layer structure can be used to refine a known element in such a way that it is possible to produce currently unattainable imitations, preferably metal imitations. The visual appearance for the decoration can also be achieved by the at least partially colored layers, in particular the film layer and / or the protective layer, in particular in combination with the decorative layer. Thus, an imitation of the aging of the metal layer can be achieved. For example, rust or traces of use of the metal layer can be represented graphically by the abovementioned layers.

Preferably, a connection layer is provided on the outside of the multilayer layer structure, in particular on the underside, facing away from the use side. The tie layer may be formed as a melamine resin-treated paper layer and / or as an adhesive layer, which preferably comprises a polyacrylate adhesive, and / or as a paper, nonwoven and / or woven layer. Preferably, the bonding layer is formed as a biopolymer-containing and / or biopolymer layer according to the invention.

The bonding layer can serve for coupling or for connection to the element, preferably when laminating the multilayer layer structure to the element. Finally, it is also conceivable to form the multilayered layer structure as an adhesive film, wherein the adhesive function can be provided by the bonding layer.

Furthermore, the connection layer may have a compensating, protective, adhesive, adhesive, damping, connection and / or adapter function.

In addition, it is preferably provided that the protective layer, backing layer, film layer, bonding layer and / or the decorative layer comprises and / or consists of a biopolymer-containing and / or biopolymeric material. In particular, the entire layer structure consists of a biopolymer-containing and / or biopolymeric material.

In particular, the biopolymer or biopolymer-containing material is a material based on wood, cellulose, lignin, starch, sugar, vegetable oil, chitin, casein, gelatin, crab shells, animal and / or vegetable proteins, fungi, insects, bacteria, zein and / or Algae, understood.

The aforementioned biopolymer-containing materials may also provide the properties needed for the layer. A biopolymer-containing plastic may also be referred to as a "bioplastic" and thus include a variety of vegetable and animal feedstocks. The main raw materials here are wood, especially for cellulose and lignin, cereal plants and potatoes for starch and sugar cane and sugar beet for sugar and oil plants, especially vegetable oils, and insects for chitin, crab and crab shells. Cellulose-based plastics are in particular celluloid, cellophane, viscose and lyocell, as well as cellulose acetate and lignin-based biopolymers, preferably with addition of natural fibers of hemp or flax. Furthermore, cellulose-based biopolymers of cotton can be used according to the invention.

Modified cellulose is also conceivable using enzymes for the biopolymer and / or the biopolymer-containing material. Starch-based biopolymers are mostly derived from corn, wheat, potatoes, sugar cane and / or sugar beets. In particular, the starch includes thermoplastic starch (TPS), polylactic acid or polylactides (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates, in particular polyhydroxybutyrate. Furthermore, polyesters and / or thermoplastic biopolyesters, such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT) and / or polyethylene furanoate (PEF) are possible.

In addition, it is possible to obtain fatty acids from vegetable oils which can be converted into high-quality bioplastics via several chemical intermediates. Vegetable oil-based plastics are in particular biopolyamides (bio-PA) and bio-polyurethanes (bio-PU).

Furthermore, raw materials for biopolymers, as mentioned above, are casein, a protein from milk, gelatin, a protein from animal bones or skin, chitin, a polysaccharide from fungi, insects (chitosan) and / or crab shells. Polyhydroxybutyric acid (PHB), which is obtained from bacteria, is also provided according to the invention as a biopolymer.

Finally, it is understood that polymeric and / or biopolymeric material mixtures of the aforementioned plastics can be used according to the invention.

In a further preferred embodiment, it is provided that the biopolymer-containing and / or biopolymer layer, the decorative layer and / or biopolymer-containing and / or biopolymer further layers of the layer structure, in particular the protective layer, the carrier layer, the film layer and / or the bonding layer, polyvinyl alcohol ( PVAL), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polycaprolactone (PCL), polyactides (PLA), bio-copolyesters, terpolyesters, bio-polyurethanes (Bio-PUR), bio-polyamides (bio-PA), starch polymers, preferably thermoplastic starch (TPS) , Cellulose polymers, lignin, vegetable oil-based biopolymers such as rapeseed oil, castor oil, soybean oil and / or sunflower oil, chitin, chitosan, casein plastics (CS / CSF), gelatin, polyester, thermoplastic biopolyester, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), polyethylene furanate (PEF ), Polysaccharides (poly sugars), bio-based acids such as succinic and / or lactic acid, polyhydroxybutyric acid (PHB) , Polyamino acids and / or lipids and / or consists thereof.

The aforementioned materials are characterized by their design as a renewable resource and / or due to their biodegradability. Especially in view of expected rising raw material prices and a scarcity of crude oil, those plastics are preferred according to the invention, which are not petroleum-based and designed in particular as a biopolymer.

In particular, the metal layer may be formed as a metallization, as a metallic and / or metal-containing printing, coating and / or coating of the carrier layer, the film layer and / or the protective layer. Preferably, therefore, the metal layer is applied to the carrier layer. Metallization is understood as meaning the coating of a material, in the present case the support plate, with a metal layer. In particular, a plastic metallization is provided, hence a coating of a material made of plastic with a metal layer. An advantage of a metallization is the low weight of the metal layer, the insensitivity to corrosion, in particular in combination with a protective layer, and the provision of a decorative and optionally technical purpose. A coating with the metallic material can be achieved for example by electroplating, so that a metallic Precipitate (coating) on a substrate (carrier plate) can be generated.

In a further embodiment of the inventive concept, the metal layer is at least partially transparent and / or translucent, in particular translucent, formed. By at least partially transparent and / or translucent formation of the metal layer and the surface of the element on which the multilayered layer structure is arranged or be arranged, from the use side of the multilayer coating structure after application to the element optically visible and / or visually recognizable , A transparent and / or translucent formation of the metal layer can be achieved in particular in the case of metallization and / or printing of the carrier layer.

In a further very particularly preferred embodiment, the metal layer is provided both on the upper side, facing the use side, and on the underside of the carrier layer. In particular, different metal layers can be arranged on the carrier layer. Optionally, a plurality of carrier layers and metal layers are present. In particular, the metal layers can overlap, after which different optical and design possibilities are created. Thus, it is conceivable that an element is visible both on the user side and on the opposite side of the user side. In addition, different technical properties can be achieved by using different materials of the metal layer. Incidentally, the strength of the multilayer layer structure can also be increased by the coating on both sides of the carrier layer.

The metallic coating of the metal layer can be applied by means of thermal spraying, preferably wire flame spraying, powder flame spraying, arc spraying, plasma spraying and / or high-velocity flame spraying (HVOF), and / or powder coating, in particular electrostatic powder coating (EPS), and / or by vortex sintering and / or by vacuum coating become. Preferably, the metal-containing coating is applied by means of a thin-film process. The aforementioned methods are characterized by their high cost-effectiveness, in particular since the metal layer has a comparatively small layer thickness as a result of the abovementioned possibilities for application, in particular in comparison with a metal plate and / or a metal sheet.

According to the invention, the metal layer may also be applied as a metal glaze, in particular on the carrier layer of ceramic and / or porcelain stoneware.

In addition, the adhesion or cohesion of the metal layer and / or the multilayer layer structure can be influenced in a targeted manner by different coating methods. In thermal spraying, the coating material, ie the material of the metal layer, is heated. Individual particles are released from the material of the metal layer and these are accelerated so that they are applied to the substrate material, ie the carrier plate, by bombardment. The particles of the metal layer then solidify on the surface of the carrier plate.

The layer thicknesses of the metal layer can usually be greater than or equal to 50 μm in the case of an application by means of thermal spraying.

In physical vapor deposition (PVD) or physical vapor deposition, sputter deposition and / or thermal evaporation can be used. During sputter deposition, a coating material or a target (in the present case the carrier layer) is bombarded with particles in a high vacuum. By dissolving out the coating material and accelerating onto the carrier layer, layer thicknesses of 3 nm to 5 μm can be deposited. Coatable plastics must in particular be evacuated. This is significantly influenced by the initial behavior and the water absorption of the plastic.

Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technology enables the deposition of materials through a chemical reaction.

• - Beizen mit oxidativen Metallsalzlösungen zum Aufrauen der Oberfläche und/oder
• - Aktivierung mit Metallkeimen, insbesondere Palladium, und/oder
• - chemische Metallisierung zur Bildung einer leitenden Schicht, insbesondere wird hierbei eine dünne Schicht zwischen 0,3 bis 4 µm aus Kupfer oder Nickel durch Reduktion aus deren Metallsalzen erzeugt,
• - Abscheidung der eigentlichen Metallschicht in Galvanisierbädern, insbesondere wobei bei der Verchromung zunächst zwei Schichten aus Kupfer und Nickel mit einer Dicke von insbesondere 10 bis 40 µm abgeschieden werden, um eine optimale Haftung zu bewirken.

In addition, it is also conceivable to apply the metal layer by electrodeposition. During plating or during electrodeposition, a metal is applied to a carrier layer, in particular to a plastic carrier layer - the so-called plastic galvanization. In most cases, plastics are not electrically conductive, so the surface for a subsequent electrolytic coating must first be coated with a well-adhering, electrically conductive layer. In particular, the abovementioned coating methods are used for this purpose. In detail, the following process steps are necessary for electroplating:

• - Pickling with oxidative metal salt solutions for roughening the surface and / or
• - Activation with metal nuclei, especially palladium, and / or
• - chemical metallization to form a conductive layer, in particular a thin layer between 0.3 to 4 microns of copper or nickel is produced by reduction of their metal salts,
• - Deposition of the actual metal layer in electroplating baths, in particular wherein during the chromium plating two layers of copper and nickel are first deposited with a thickness of in particular 10 to 40 microns to effect optimal adhesion.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the metal layer has a layer thickness of 5 nm to 25 μm, preferably from 10 nm to 15 μm, more preferably from 17 nm to 10 μm, more preferably from 20 nm to 10 μm and in particular at least substantially 50 nm up to 0.5 μm, on. Advantageously, therefore, very thin metal layers can be provided according to the invention, which are preferably applied to a carrier layer. With a layer thickness in the abovementioned ranges, the environmentally friendly and / or resource-saving advantages of the present invention are evident since no thick metal plate in the mm range has to be used for the layer structure. A comparatively very thin metal layer on the film layer and / or the carrier layer can already ensure the metallic surface of the multilayer layer structure and consequently of the entire element.

In addition, it can be provided that the metal-containing coating and the carrier layer have a total layer thickness as a composite of 0.5 .mu.m to 1000 .mu.m, preferably from 5 .mu.m to 400 .mu.m, more preferably from 20 .mu.m to 150 .mu.m.

Preferably, the metal layer comprises a metal selected from the group of aluminum, chromium, iron, gold, copper, molybdenum, palladium, titanium, silver, tin, zinc and / or lead and mixtures thereof. Preferably, the metal layer is made of a metal selected from the aforementioned group. In addition, the metal layer may be an alloy of aluminum, chromium, iron, gold, copper, molybdenum, palladium, titanium, silver, tin, zinc and / or lead, in particular a steel alloy, stainless steel alloy, copper alloy, preferably brass and / or bronze, nickel -Chrom alloy, copper-aluminum alloy, Konstantan, Monel and / or gold tone alloy and / or consist thereof. It is particularly preferred that the metal layer comprises aluminum as metal, whereby a metal layer can be ensured with very low production costs.

In particular, metal-containing material having a metal content between 0.01 to 100%, preferably from 10 to 99%, more preferably from 30 to 99%, is used.

Particularly preferred is an aluminum-containing metal material is used, more preferably the alloy EN AW 5005 A (AL MG I). The aforesaid alloy has the advantage of being weldable, anodizable, glossy, and readily deformable, and further having good corrosion resistance.

The imitation of other metals, for example gold, copper and / or chromium, can be achieved by the protective layer, film layer, carrier layer and / or decorative layer, which in particular is dyed and / or dyed through and / or lacquered on at least one side. By overlaying the aforementioned layers with the metal layer, a changed optical appearance of the metal layer is produced, wherein the glossy properties can be brought about, in particular, by the aluminum coating.

Alternatively or additionally, it may be provided that the metal layer has and / or consists of a semimetal and / or a semimetal alloy. In principle, it is also conceivable that the metal layer has different metals and / or different regions in each of which at least one metal has been applied. Thus, it is possible that the multilayer coating structure is coated in one subarea with aluminum and in another subarea with a copper alloy. Finally, it is also understood that the various areas can overlap or overlap, so that the metal layer can have, for example, both aluminum and a copper alloy in one area. The different layers of the metal layer are arranged one above the other or as a common layer - in a layer plane - formed.

Preferably, the metal layer is formed over the entire surface and / or throughout. Accordingly, the metal layer is arranged as a full-surface layer, in particular on the carrier layer and accordingly covers the entire surface of the carrier layer. Accordingly, the metallic surface can be produced over the entire length and width of the multilayered film structure.

Alternatively, it is provided that the metal layer is formed over part of the surface. A partial surface formation of the metal layer is particularly suitable if the metallic surface is to be produced only in a specific subarea of the multilayer coating structure. Exemplary applications would be the creation of an emblem or coat of arms on a floor covering.

According to a further embodiment, the metal layer may be formed as a metal sheet, in particular as a metal sheet. In particular, the sheet has a layer thickness of 0.1 mm to 20 mm, preferably from 1 mm to 10 mm, more preferably from 0.5 mm to 5 mm. A metal layer formed as a sheet metal ensures high strength of the multilayer layer structure and can be used to stabilize the element and / or to increase the overall strength of the element.

Since the metallized layer is sensitive to abrasion and moisture, a surface protection is advantageously present, in particular in the manner of a protective layer. This also applies in particular to open edges or unprotected edges of the metal layer, in particular in the case of components which are preferably protected with a coating, for example a lacquer seal.

Furthermore, the metal layer may be formed as a metal foil, preferably aluminum foil, preferably with a pure aluminum content of greater than 90%, in particular from 99% to 99.9%. The metal layer formed as a metal foil may have a layer thickness of from 0.1 μm to 1000 μm, preferably from 1 μm to 600 μm, more preferably from 5 μm to 500 μm. Under a metal foil is understood according to the invention a very thin metal sheet. As an alternative to an aluminum foil, a gold foil, also called gold leaf, is conceivable. Also, a tin foil, also called Stanniol, can be used. As tin foil is meant a thin rolled or hammered tin foil. Furthermore, the metal foil may be formed as an adhesive film.

The metal-containing material may be produced as a metal foil in the strip material from the coil and / or by cold rolling.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention it is provided that the metal layer is formed as a cast and / or drawn metal, preferably as an extruded profile and / or as an aluminum extruded profile. In extrusion, a heated to forming temperature compact is pressed with a punch through a die. The block is enclosed by a recipient - a very thick-walled tube. The outer shape of the pressed strand is determined by the die. Through differently shaped mandrels cavities can be generated. Extruded profiles reach up to 60 m in length, although larger lengths are possible, but usually not economical. The extrusion is used to produce continuous material, which is separated in the desired length. In the related extrusions, however, individual pieces are produced. For extruding all metals are basically suitable, but preferably aluminum, copper and / or copper alloys are used.

Preferably, the metal layer and / or the decorative layer has been applied as a coating, in particular on the carrier layer. The metal layer may have been applied by means of a coating method and / or printing method, preferably digital printing, flexographic printing, screen printing, rotogravure printing, anodic printing, offset printing, 3D printing, transfer printing, preferably thermal transfer printing, sublimation printing and / or gravure printing and / or by means of an embossing film, preferably by a hot stamping foil and / or cold stamping foil. The metal layer formed as a coating preferably has a layer thickness of 5 nm to 400 .mu.m, preferably from 10 nm to 250 .mu.m. A coating has the advantage that the layer thickness can be adjusted in a targeted manner and the metal layer can be applied to specific areas or to the entire surface of the carrier layer in a targeted and purposive manner, optionally over a partial area.

In a further embodiment of the inventive concept it is provided that the metal layer comprises metal pigments and / or metallic effect pigments and / or interference pigments and / or pearlescent pigments. In particular, metallic effect pigments have no metal, but only imitate the appearance of a particular metal. In this connection, it is understood that when metallic effect pigments are added to the material of the metal layer, the metal layer further includes a metal. The metal pigments may be a brass alloy, copper, gold, silver and / or aluminum. The metallic effect pigments are preferably in the form of a brass alloy of copper, gold, silver and / or aluminum.

The metallic effect of metallic effect pigments can be generated by reflection of the light on the metal platelets and cause a metal-like effect. Here, the metal platelets in the ink film are aligned parallel to the substrate or ink layer and reflect the incident light on the surface. For gold effects, brass alloys are used; Silver metallic effect arises from aluminum pigments. Mixing with colored colors allows a different metallic shine. Further metallic effect pigments are, for example, aluminum, brass and / or plastic flakes, but also iron mica, metal flakes and / or metal flakes. In addition, interference pigments, in particular metal oxide-coated mica pigments, can be used and / or transparent effect pigments, such as pearlescent pigments. The aforementioned pigments may be incorporated in the material of the metal layer. The length or the diameter of the platelets is depending on the type between 5 to 100 microns. The thickness of the individual platelets is in particular less than 1 micron. The platelets may further consist of one or more layers or form one or more layers. The support material is in particular crystalline, preferably mica, and / or amorphous, preferably glass and / or silicon dioxide platelets. In particular, the pigment composition is matched to the printing process in terms of pigment size.

In addition, it can be provided according to the invention that the metal layer and the carrier layer are formed as hologram foil and / or have a hologram. A hologram, also called a memory image, refers to a photographic image produced by holographic techniques, which, after elaboration and illumination with coherent light, reproduces a true three-dimensional image of the original object. Through the hologram foil, a three-dimensional depth of the multilayered layer structure can be achieved, wherein in particular the decor can be promoted in its coloring and / or effect and / or a play of light can be caused by incidence of light. Beyond the decorative use, security features can also be provided by a hologram.

The film layer and / or the carrier layer, preferably in the form of a film layer, and / or the protective layer as the material preferably comprise plastic and / or consist of plastic. Preferably, a plastic based on synthetic and / or semi-synthetic polymers is provided. More preferably, the plastic is an elastomeric, thermoplastic and / or thermosetting plastic. In particular, the material of the film layer, the support layer and / or the protective layer is polyvinyl chloride (PVC), cast polyvinyl chloride, polyester (PES), polyesters containing a polyvinyl chloride surface, perfluorocarbons (PFC), polyurethane (PUR), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), Polypropylene (PP), Natural Fiber Reinforced Plastic (NFK), Castpropylene (CPP), Oriented Propylene (OPP), Biaxially Oriented Propylene (BOPP), Polyetraflourethylene (PTFE), Polyethylene (PE), High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), Low Density Polyethylene (PE) LDPE), polyamide (PA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET / PETP), polystyrene (PS), biaxially oriented polyester film (BOPET), polyactide (PLA, PDLA, PLLA and / or PDLLA), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), Polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polycarbonate (PC), polyestercarbonate (PEC), polyethersulfone (PES), polyimide (PI), polyarylate (PAR), unsaturated polyester resin (UP), cast alkyd resin film, cast acrylic resin layer, P polyetherimides (PEI), polyether ketones (PAEK / PEEK), polyactide (PLA), cellulose acetate and / or starch blends.

The film layer and / or protective layer designed as a plastic film can also be applied according to the invention in the form of molten plastic, in particular molten polymer, preferably by calendering and / or casting. This has the advantage that, after application and before curing of the film layer, a surface structure, for example by means of an embossing calender, can be embossed into the surface, for example a wooden pore.

In particular, the film layer formed as a plastic film and / or protective layer is formed as a layer according to the invention. The plastic film preferably has a biopolymer-containing and / or biopolymeric material and / or consists of a biopolymer-containing and / or biopolymeric plastic.

In addition, a surface structure in the film layer and / or protective layer can be embossed when the film layer and / or the protective layer is heated before the embossing process and the plastic melts, so that the structure is embossed in the not yet cured plastic surface. In principle, the films can be used fully or partially.

In a multilayer protective layer can be provided that the different layers have different plastic materials of the aforementioned type. In this case, special performance characteristics can be provided, depending on the purpose. In addition, different plastics and their advantageous properties can be combined with each other for the individual aforementioned layers. In particular, the aforementioned plastics can be provided in the form of a plastic film. In the plastic film and mixtures of one or more of the aforementioned plastics can be used.

Preferably, one, in particular biopolymer-containing and / or biopolymer, plastic film is produced by extrusion or by casting, calendering or blow molding. In the blow molding process, it is also possible to coextrude several films with different properties into a film composite. Alternatively or additionally, these aforementioned films can be self-adhesive coated with a polyacrylate adhesive, in particular in the manner of a bonding layer, preferably for adhesive lamination. The film thickness of a film layer and / or a carrier layer formed as a film layer and / or a protective layer is between 20 .mu.m and 250 .mu.m, preferably between 20 .mu.m and 500 .mu.m, in particular between 20 .mu.m and 150 .mu.m.

The material of the use side facing protective layer preferably has a high abrasion, scratch and / or wear resistance by the material used, wherein preferably at least a two-layer upper protective layer is used and wherein the two protective layer layers may have different properties. The protective layer preferably comprises a biopolymer-containing and / or biopolymeric material and / or consists of a biopolymer-containing and / or biopolymeric material.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the film layer and / or the carrier layer, which is preferably formed as a film layer, and / or the protective layer is formed as a, preferably transparent and / or translucent, melamine layer. The melamine layer comprises melamine resin, with melamine resin (MF) being a synthetic resin based on the compounds of melamine and formaldehyde and belonging to the aminoplasts. After curing through a polycondensation, the resins form thermosetting plastics. The melamine layer may also comprise a modified melamine resin such as melamine-phenol-formaldehyde resin (MPF) and / or melamine-urea-formaldehyde resin (MOF).

Special design effects can be achieved with metallized nonwovens, fabrics and / or textiles. In preferred embodiments, plastic nonwovens can be metallized, preferably of PETP, PETP / PE, PE, PP and / or PA. The webs have a preferred basis weight of 15 to 350 g / m ² . Also fabrics made of PETP, PA and / or glass are suitable for metallization. The fabrics in particular have a basis weight of 20 to 200 g / m ² . The back side of metallized carrier layers, in particular metallized papers, plastics, plastic films, nonwovens, woven fabrics and / or textiles, can also be coated in a self-adhesive manner, in particular with a bonding layer.

Consequently, the multilayered layer structure can be used as a decorative film, in particular on furniture.

Preferably, the biopolymer-containing and / or biopolymer layer is formed as, preferably transparent, plastic film layer and / or plastic film and / or film layer and / or as paper and / or as Trägerplätte. The layer is in particular the carrier for the decorative layer. A carrier plate is understood in particular as a rigid, non-elastic plate which ensures high strength, hardness and / or stability of the layer structure.

In a further preferred embodiment of the inventive concept it is provided that the biopolymer-containing and / or biopolymer layer is elastic and / or flexible. An elastic formation of the layer requires that the layer changes its shape under the action of force and returns to the original form when the acting force ceases. In particular, it can be ensured by the elastic layer that the layer structure as a whole is elastic and / or flexible, after which it can be attached very simply to the surfaces of the abovementioned elements of the areas of use. When storing an elastic layer structure and / or an elastic layer, an intermediate storage in roll form can be provided. In addition, the layer and / or the layer structure can adapt to uneven subfloor areas and / or cling and seal them to achieve a specific optical decoration and / or for protection, in particular against mechanical stresses.

Otherwise, the film layer and / or the layer, preferably in the form of a film layer, plastic film layer, plastic film and / or paper, can have a layer thickness between 1 μm to 2500 μm, preferably between 3 μm to 500 μm, more preferably between 5 μm to 150 μm , respectively. In particular, the smallest possible layer thickness of the film layer and / or the layer is preferred, whereby the required properties of the multilayer layer structure, in particular the stability of the multilayer layer structure and the tear strength, can be ensured.

In addition, additionally or alternatively, the layer formed preferably as a carrier plate may have a layer thickness of 0.1 mm to 20 mm, preferably of 0.3 mm to 10 mm, more preferably of 0.5 mm to 5 mm. The aforementioned layer heights allow a high stability of the entire layer structure.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the biopolymer-containing and / or the biopolymer layer, the film layer and / or the carrier layer and / or the protective layer and / or the metal layer, in particular an adhesion-promoting and / or transparent, color ink In particular, wherein the color ink receiving layer can be produced by an adhesion-promoting pretreatment. In particular, it can be ensured by the color ink receiving layer that the decorative layer adheres well to the film layer and / or the carrier layer and / or the protective layer and / or the metal layer and in particular is firmly connectable to the aforementioned layers. The color ink receiving layer may be the ink and / or the ink Take color of the decorative layer, so that, at least partially, the decorative layer is disposed in one of the aforementioned layers, in particular at least partially penetrates. Most preferably, the decorative layer has penetrated into the color ink receiving layer.

In a further preferred embodiment of the inventive concept, the carrier layer as material pulp, natural fibers, synthetic fibers, plastic, metal, wood, foam, wood materials, wood-plastic composites, cork and / or linoleum and / or consists of the aforementioned substances. As plastic, an elastomeric plastic and / or rubber is preferably provided. As wood-plastic composites, in particular a wood-plastic composite (WPC) is provided.

Alternatively or additionally, the carrier layer may be formed as a plastic film, as a multilayer fiber composite material, paper, cardboard, fleece, textile, stone-based, porcelain stoneware, mineral, ceramic, cement-based and / or gypsum-based substrate and / or glass. In particular, the carrier layer may comprise a glass-based material. High-pressure laminates (HPL), low-pressure laminates (LPL), direct pressure laminates (DPL), continuous pressure laminates (CPL) and / or a decorative laminate (DKS) are conceivable as multilayer fiber composites. A textile may be formed, for example, as a woven, knitted and / or felt.

The selection of the material of the carrier layer takes place depending on the intended use and / or of the element to which the multilayer coating structure is to be arranged.

In addition, the protective layer may be formed as a coating comprising a thermoplastic and / or elastomeric plastic material. In particular, the protective layer comprises polyurethane (PUR), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP) and / or polyethylene (PE) and / or polyester, in particular polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and / or consists thereof. In particular, the protective layer is designed such that it can provide the properties of a cushioning layer and / or an outer wear layer of the multilayer layer structure, in particular wherein the protective layer has a high abrasion and wear resistance.

The protective layer preferably has a water-miscible and / or water-dilutable, preferably transparent, lacquer of polyurethane (PUR). Furthermore, as the lacquer, an acrylate lacquer, an elastic lacquer, a polyester lacquer, an electron beam hardened lacquer (ESH lacquer), an alkyd lacquer, a dispersion lacquer, an acrylic polymer-containing lacquer, a high solid lacquer, a phenol lacquer, a urea lacquer , a melamine resin varnish, a polyester paint, a polystyrene varnish, a polyvinyl resin varnish, a polyurethane resin varnish, a powder varnish, a silicone resin paint, a biopolymer-containing varnish, a synthetic-polymer-containing varnish and / or a cellulose nitrate varnish. In addition, additives selected from the group of polyurethane dispersion, silica, water, glycol ethers, heterocyclic ketones and additives and mixtures thereof may be added to the aforementioned paints, in particular the polyurethane paint.

Alternatively or in addition to a plastic film, the protective layer may comprise and / or consist of at least one surface finish. Surface finishes are, in particular, to be understood as meaning the coatings applied to the multi-layered layer structure facing the use side. Surface finishes may also be referred to as surface finish, surface coating and / or surface finishing. Surface sealing is understood as meaning thin, transparent layers which are applied to the multilayer coating structure after installation. Surface finish refers to an applied layer of less than 50 μm. Surface finishes protect the underside of the layer and improve the performance characteristics of the entire layer structure, reducing the cost of cleaning and maintenance and increasing the value of the entire element. The surface finish shall be based on the interaction between the element, the multilayer coating and the equipment itself. In particular, transparent surface finishes and / or impregnations are provided for the protective layer, which preferably comprise a transparent polymer lacquer system and / or are based on natural substances and / or include wax coatings and / or oil-based coatings. Very particularly preferred are transparent, highly durable and / or low-odor coatings.

Furthermore, the aforementioned coatings of the protective layer can be applied in the baking process or in the EB coating. The surface finish of the protective layer preferably has a layer thickness of from 1 μm to 1000 μm, preferably from 10 μm to 500 μm.

In addition, the surface finish may also have a structure and / or be patterned, in particular, the surface finish may accordingly provide a surface structure of the multi-layered laminate. This surface structure can produce the decorative appearance, for example a wooden pore and / or decorative plastic structures, and / or be used for the supporting optical effect. Furthermore, the surface structure can also be used on the basis of its functional property (s), in particular for anti-slip purposes.

The surface finish can be applied both directly to the metal layer and / or on the top side to the plastic film or the film layer.

As a protective layer, for example, an aqueous PU coating may be provided. In addition, the protective layer can be produced by lamination, in particular flame lamination, scattering of fusible, pulverized plastics and subsequent melting.

In a further preferred embodiment, the layer, the film layer, the protective layer and / or the metal layer has a structured surface. In particular, the structured surface is by a mechanical treatment, in particular polishing, sandblasting, satin finishing, glass bead blasting, grinding, milling, drilling, scribing, brushing, lasering, engraving, laser engraving and / or embossing, and / or by a chemical surface treatment, in particular etching, Patination, and / or coloring produced. The structured surface or the structures in the surface can influence the visual appearance, in particular in such a way that the decoration or the effect of the decoration is supported or emphasized. The structured surface can also be used for slip resistance. Especially with a floor covering, it is usually perceived as pleasant, if this has a structuring - ultimately, therefore, approaches a "real" natural material.

The surface structures imitate wood and / or stone structures.

Preferably, the structured surface of the layer, the metal layer, the protective layer and / or the film layer is at least substantially in synchronism with the decor of the decorative layer - in the form of a synchronous pore - formed. A synchronous pore is distinguished, for example, by the fact that when the decor or the decorative layer represents a depression optically, this depression is ultimately also found in the multilayered layer structure, so that the visual appearance of the depression is supported by the structured surface. This creates an authentic visual appearance of the multilayered layer construction.

In addition, the structured surface of the biopolymer-containing and / or biopolymer layer, the film layer, the protective layer, the carrier layer and / or the metal layer may have a layer thickness of 0.01 mm to 10 mm, preferably 0.05 mm to 2.5 mm, respectively. The aforesaid layer thickness of the structured surface may in particular indicate the possible producable depth or depth of a depression on the surface of the multilayer layer structure. In this context, it is ultimately understood that it is preferred according to the invention that the structured surface of the aforementioned layers also results on the user side of the multilayer layer structure. Thus, it can be provided that the layers lying above the structured layer conform to the structured surface. Preferably, therefore, the top side or the user side of the multilayered layer structure has a structuring with a depth of 0.01 mm to 10 mm, preferably of 0.05 mm to 2.5 mm.

Owing to the metal layer integrated in the multilayered layer structure and / or a plurality of metal layers, possibilities arise for using the functional-technical properties of the metal layer for the element. According to the invention, the multilayer coating structure for changing and / or improving the electrical, thermal, barrier and / or chemical properties and / or sun protection and / or fire protection (flame retardancy) and / or shielding electrical, magnetic and / or electromagnetic fields for the item will be used. Consequently, the aforementioned properties can be drastically improved by the multilayered layer structure. Thus, the multilayer layer structure may be formed such that the element is formed watertight at least on the use side with an applied layer structure. Furthermore, the metal layer can be used specifically for the conduction of current, so that it is conceivable that the metal layer as a functional layer is an electrically conductive layer. In particular, the metal layer may be formed as a conductor track.

A layer composite of the biopolymer-containing and / or biopolymer layer, film layer, the protective layer and / or the precursor can form a composite film. The individual layers of the composite film can be extruded or laminated or laminated. The production can be carried out by laminating several layers of identical or different materials or layers, in particular of plastic films. In addition, suitable laminating agents, such as paint, glue and / or wax, can be used. Laminating is to protect a material and / or decorate and / or to achieve an addition of favorable material properties. The material can be on or under a layer with applied to the desired properties or introduced between two layers. For printing, pasting and / or coating a plastic film, preferably the film layer, a corona pretreatment is generally necessary, as mentioned above, in some plastic materials, in particular polyethylene, polypropylene and / or polyethylene terephthalate. The surface to be treated is exposed to an electric corona discharge for a short time. Alternatives to corona treatment include flame treatment, plasma treatment and fluorination. Processing preferably takes place from the roll, in particular the roll laminating machine, or as a surface lamination, in particular with a laminating machine.

According to the invention, the multi-layered layer structure can be provided for altering and / or improving functional-technical properties and / or functions of the element.

According to the invention, it is possible to improve the layer structure known from practice by integrating a metal layer. Thus, due to the metal layer, the functional-technical properties of the layer structure and in particular of the element can be changed in a targeted and purposive manner, preferably improved. Consequently, according to the invention, a layer structure can be provided which, in addition to the visual representation of a decoration, can purposefully influence technical properties of the element.

As a result, a multiplicity of possible applications of the multilayer layer structure is opened, so that the multilayer layer structure can also be applied to elements without the need to refocus and redesign the elements. According to the invention, the layer structures can be used in terms of their technical and functional properties - not because of their aesthetic and decorative character. The layer structure can serve as a component of the element for influencing the properties of the element and directly contribute to the fulfillment of important technical functions.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the multi-layered layer structure is provided for discharging electrostatic charges. In particular, the electrical properties of the element can be improved. Preferably, in the case of metallized plastic films, an electrostatic charge, in particular the plastic film, can be dissipated via the metal layer, in particular wherein the metal layer is electrically conductive. Especially with furniture surfaces and / or floor coverings made of a plastic material is an electrostatic charge, especially the layer structure, problematic. By friction, for example, caused by walking on floors with plastic surfaces, the polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyamide (PA) and / or polyvinyl chloride (PVC), the surfaces can electrostatically charge. According to the invention, the charge can be dissipated by the correspondingly conductive metal layer. If necessary, further grounding measures are provided.

These are optional according to the invention, wherein the discharge function can be controlled and / or improved by the grounding measures.

Under a conductive material or material according to the invention is understood such a material whose electrical resistivity is less than 10 ⁴ Ωm. Due to the electrically conductive formation of the metal layer, the metal can accordingly derive the electricity and thus reduce the electrical charge, in particular eliminate it. Consequently, according to the invention, an electrostatic charge of the single-layer or multi-layer top layer structure of the element can be derived by a metal layer, preferably via a plastic film metallized with aluminum, wherein the plastic film is formed as a film layer.

Furthermore, the multilayered layer structure can be provided for shielding electrical, magnetic and / or electromagnetic radiation. In particular, the multilayered layer structure serves to shield magnetic fields, such as the earth's magnetic field and / or electromagnetic fields, caused by telecommunications, electronic devices, microelectronic devices, flashing, navigation, systems for power supply, microwave oven, ignition and / or drives. Ultimately, an electric, electromagnetic and / or magnetic field means any field which has an influence on the element according to the invention. Suitable materials for shielding the metal layer are in particular noble metals, preferably copper, aluminum, iron and / or steel and / or ferromagnetic alloys, lead and / or metallized plastics, fabrics and / or nonwovens. In particular, a plurality of multilayer layer structures may be arranged on the element for shielding an element and / or a plurality of film layers and / or metal layers may be integrated in the layer structure. According to the invention, a very economical solution for shielding the element from electrical, electromagnetic and / or magnetic radiation or fields can be provided.

In addition, the multilayer coating structure can be used for preventive fire protection, preferably for flame retardancy. A flame-retardant effect of the multilayer coating structure can be achieved according to the invention in that the metal layer can be made non-combustible, after which the combustibility and / or flammability of the entire element improves. The heavy flammability of a material and / or element is particularly important for the use of objects and / or protection of importance. For the flame-retardant metal layer, in particular the metallic or metal-containing coating, metal oxides, metal hydroxides, metal salts and / or boron and / or zinc compounds and / or silicon compounds are particularly suitable. Advantageously, a plurality of identical and / or different metal layers are arranged in the layer structure for the flame-retarding effect.

Furthermore, the multilayer coating structure can be provided for sun protection and / or for reflection of sunlight, in particular in the visible wavelength range, infrared range and / or UV range. The visible wavelength range extends from 380 to 750 nm; the infrared range begins with radiation having a wavelength greater than 750 nm; the UV range is characterized by radiation with a wavelength of less than 380 nm. An external, the solar radiation side facing, sun protection of the element can be based on reflection, with an internal, the solar radiation side facing away, sun protection of the element can be ensured by absorption. In particular, an aluminum vapor-deposited film layer can reflect not only visible light and infrared radiation but also UV radiation. This distinguishes an aluminum coating from layers comprising silver and / or gold. In particular, the reflectance of aluminum is largely independent of the wavelength. The reflectance of the metal layer used can be greater than 70%, in particular for all wavelength ranges, preferably between 85% and 100%; in particular above 800 nm in the near infrared range. For the use of the element as a film roller blind, an outward side of the application or film layer facing the solar radiation can be vapor-deposited with aluminum to form the metal layer, which in particular reflects up to 80% of the incident sunlight, the reflection also being selective and consequently light-modifying can.

A sunscreen film and / or a multi-layered layer structure for sun protection can in particular comprise a film layer comprising polyethylene terephthalate (PET), which can be applied in particular to a window, so that light and / or heat from solar radiation, which can be transmitted through the window, can be reduced , It is preferably provided that the metal layer and / or the multilayer layer structure filters UV-A and / or UV-B radiation. A UV-A radiation is in a wavelength range of 315 to 380 nm. The UV-B range is provided in a wavelength range of 280 to 315 nm.

Preferably, the sun protection can be achieved by the reflection of the metal layer, wherein absorption of the radiation can also be provided. Depending on the purpose and / or design of the layer structure, the radiation emitted by the sun can be reflected and / or absorbed. In this context, it can be provided that the film and / or the multi-layered layer structure is optically darker with higher sun protection. The rejection of, in particular total, solar energy is a percentage depending on the type of multilayer coating structure and / or depending on the type of metal and / or foil layer and / or depending on the type of installation - d. H. inside or outside - up to 86%, preferably a radiation reduced on the glass.

In particular, a multilayer coating structure, which is formed as a sunscreen, has a UV protection of in particular 99%, d. H. UV radiation can only be transmitted through the sunscreen with a transmittance of less than or equal to 1%.

In addition, a sunscreen and / or a multilayer coating structure for sun protection is particularly suitable for use as a coating or for use for facade elements, since a facade of solar radiation can be exposed and the function of the sunscreen, the interior of a building can be protected from sunlight.

Advantageously, there is a privacy of trained as a sunscreen sheet structure, so that when applied to a window outside the interior, which has the window, not visible or only poorly visible. According to the invention, it can also be provided that sunscreen films, which should as far as possible not be visible, achieve a reduced radiation of up to 50% and a UV protection of up to 99%.

• - zur Wärmedämmung und/oder
• - zur Flächenheizelement und/oder
• - zum Wärmemanagement, insbesondere zur Ableitung und/oder Speicherung von Wärme, und/oder
• - zur herbiziden und/oder antimikrobiellen Wirkung des Elements und/oder
• - als Schutz vor Mikroben und/oder Herbiziden und/oder
• - zur photokatalytischen Selbstreinigung und/oder
• - zur Luftreinigung

vorgesehen sein. Folglich können neben den elektrischen Eigenschaften auch die thermischen und/oder chemischen Eigenschaften des Schichtaufbaus und/oder des Elementes verbessert werden. Vorteilhafterweise kann durch die Integration der Metallschicht in den Schichtaufbau zweckgerichtet der jeweilige Einsatzbereich des Elementes verbessert werden. Zudem können Eigenschaften des Elementes gewährleistet werden, die vorher - ohne die Applikation des erfindungsgemäßen Schichtaufbaus - nicht verwirklicht worden sind.According to a further preferred embodiment, the multilayered layer structure

• - For thermal insulation and / or
• - For surface heating element and / or
• - For thermal management, in particular for the dissipation and / or storage of heat, and / or
• - for the herbicidal and / or antimicrobial action of the element and / or
• as protection against microbes and / or herbicides and / or
• for photocatalytic self-cleaning and / or
• - for air purification

be provided. Consequently, in addition to the electrical properties and the thermal and / or chemical properties of the layer structure and / or the element can be improved. Advantageously, the respective area of use of the element can be purposefully improved by integrating the metal layer into the layer structure. In addition, properties of the element can be ensured that previously - have not been realized - without the application of the layer structure according to the invention.

In particular, the herbicidal and / or antimicrobial effect of the element and / or the layer structure is utilized. As bactericidal and fungicidal agents, in particular metal layers are used which are known as metal silver (Ag), mercury (Hg), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), cobalt (Co), Zinc (Zn) and / or iron (Fe) and / or consist of the aforementioned materials. Preferably, the use of salts of these metals is provided with organic acids. The herbicidal and / or antimicrobial action of the abovementioned materials may decrease in the enumeration in the list given above. In particular, protective agents for paint coatings and plastics are provided on an organometallic compound of mercury, tin and / or lead of the type of tributyltin oxide and / or the trialkylbleiacetate. In particular, a colloidal silver may be provided as a material in view of the antimicrobial effect, in particular wherein colloidal silver in already small concentrations may inactivate a number of bacteria and / or fungi.

In connection with the use of the layer structure and / or the element for photocatalytic self-cleaning, it can be provided that the metal layer has a photocatalyst, in particular nanoparticles of titanium dioxide (TiO ₂ ), in particular wherein coated surfaces are provided within the multilayer layer structure. The photocatalysts can be used for photocatalytic self-cleaning and / or pollutant absorption, in particular air purification. By irradiation with light, in particular sunlight, and / or UV radiation, organic materials are decomposed on the surface in particular. The surfaces can stay clean and have an antimicrobial effect. These surfaces are also characterized by super hydrophilic properties. In particular, water on the aforementioned layers can not form droplets, but a thin layer. Preferably, no fogging of the surfaces is recognizable, in particular the superhydrophilic surfaces.

• - Schützen
• - Separieren
• - Stabilisieren
• - Leiten
• - Dichten und Abweisen
• - Heizen
• - Ableiten
• - Reinigen
• - Speichern
• - Isolieren.

It is preferably provided that the multilayer coating structure is provided to improve and / or guarantee at least one of the following technical functions of the element:

• - Protect
• - Separate
• - Stabilize
• - Conduct
• - Dense and reject
• - heating
• - Derive
• - Clean
• - To save
• - Isolate.

The abovementioned properties or functions of the element can be purposefully improved by the use of the metal layer, in particular wherein it can also be provided that one of the aforementioned functions can not be implemented without the multilayer layer structure. In particular, the metal layer protects the element from mechanical stresses, increases the strength of the entire element (function: stabilize) and forms a barrier, in particular against gases and / or liquids (function: sealing and rejecting). In addition, it can also be provided that heat is stored in the multi-layered layer structure and also forwarded via the metal layer.

In a further preferred embodiment of the inventive idea it is provided that the multilayered layer structure is diffusion-inhibiting and / or diffusion-tight. Preferably, the multilayered layer structure is provided to prevent diffusion of liquids and / or gases through the element. In addition, the multilayer coating structure may be formed as a vapor barrier and / or barrier layer. Advantageously, the aforementioned barrier properties are ensured by the metal layer, which forms a barrier to liquids and / or gases. In particular, the multi-layered layer structure is watertight. To increase the barrier properties, a plurality of metal layers and / or metallized film layers in the layer structure be provided. Preferably, the multilayer coating structure is used together with the element as a vapor barrier or vapor barrier in elements for the floor, wall, ceiling and / or facade area.

Preferably, the multilayered layer structure and / or the metal layer and / or the element is according to DIN 4102 (As of June 2018) non-flammable and / or fire-resistant. In particular, the non-combustible material of the layer structure, the element and / or the metal layer has a building material class of A1 or A2. A flame-retardant layer structure, element and / or metal layer has in particular the building material class B1 according to DIN 4102 (as of June 2018).

Furthermore, it can be provided that a grounding device for grounding is electrically connected to the multilayered layer structure, in particular to the metal layer, wherein the grounding device is designed such that electrostatic charges of the element can be dissipated. In particular, the grounding device ensures grounding of the electrostatic charges which can be dissipated via the metal layer and is preferably arranged on the rear side of the layer structure and / or of the element facing away from the use side.

For grounding, in particular, a grounding device in the form of an electrical conductor is thus connected to the metal layer and supplied to the grounding terminal. It is possible for example floor panels, on the underside facing away from the use side, to have electrical adapter or connection points which contact the metal layer. The panels may then be connected and / or grounded individually and / or in series with each other. The metal layer of the layer structure can thus be integrated into a surface layer and / or finish foil for dissipating the electrostatic charge. The metal layer may be located immediately beneath the user side, a film layer and / or further, upper layers of the layer structure facing the user side, in particular a wear layer, whereby the direct dissipation of the charge is favored.

Furthermore, the metal layer may be provided as an electrical conductor track and / or for electrical conduction. In this context, it is understood that the metal layer can be formed over the entire surface and / or partial area. In particular, during the application of the metal layer, a masking of the film layer, which can act as a support, may be provided, so that only individual partial areas of the film layer are metallized in a targeted manner. A demetallization - ie a partial removal of the previously applied metal layer - may be provided for the production of the conductor track.

Particularly preferably, a plurality of part-surface metal layers are formed as electrical conductor tracks. The metal layers may be spaced apart, in particular wherein at least one insulation layer is provided for spacing. In addition, a plurality of electrical circuits and / or separate electrical polarities of the metal layer may be provided. In particular, different layers of the metal layers are electrically insulated from each other via an insulating layer.

Thus, it is conceivable to provide two metal layers arranged one above the other and insulated from one another in the layer structure whose polarity is positive on the one hand and negative on the other hand. These metal layers can also extend over the entire surface over the entire layer structure. There may be an electrical contact at any point of the multilayer structure and / or a metal layer.

A metal layer applied by means of vacuum vapor deposition (physical vapor deposition, PVD method) is particularly economical. In the case of metallization, particular care must be taken to electrically insulate edge regions of a component-the layer structure or element-preferably by means of an insulating coating, in particular by means of lacquering or welding of the foil layers.

Advantageously, the metal layer formed as a conductor track may be located in the surface layer of furniture elements, floor panel elements, wallpaper elements or the like; without the need for disturbing cabling and in particular associated cutouts, cable channels and / or cavities.

A plastic film is preferably provided as the insulating layer, in particular wherein the plastic film comprises and / or consists of polypropylene (PP), polyamide (PA) and / or polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Preferably, a non-conductive material is provided as the material for the insulating layer.

Furthermore, the insulating layer may comprise as material, in particular based on synthetic and / or semisynthetic polymers, preferably elastomeric, thermoplastic and / or thermosetting plastic, in particular polyvinyl chloride (PVC), cast polyvinyl chloride, polyester (PES), polyester with a surface containing polyvinyl chloride, Perfluorocarbons (PFC), polyurethane (PUR), thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU), Polypropylene (PP), Natural Fiber Reinforced Plastic (NFK), Castpropylene (CPP), Oriented Propylene (OPP), Biaxially Oriented Propylene (BOPP), Polyetraflourethylene (PTFE), Polyethylene (PE), High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) , Low density polyethylene (LDPE), polyamide (PA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET / PETP), polystyrene (PS), biaxially oriented polyester film (BOPET), polyactide (PLA, PDLA, PLLA and / or PDLLA), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), Polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polycarbonate (PC), polyestercarbonate (PEC), polyethersulfone (PES), polyimide (PI), polyarylate (PAR), unsaturated polyester resin (UP), cast alkyd resin film, cast acrylic resin layer, polyetherimide (PEI ), Polyether ketones (PAEK / PEEK), polyactide (PLA), cellulose acetate and / or starch blends. Most preferably, the insulating layer is formed as a film layer.

In a further embodiment it can be provided that the metal layer is electrically connected to a connection device of the element, in particular wherein the connection device is connected to an energy supply device and / or an electrical consumer. Consequently, electrical energy and / or an electrical current can be introduced into the metal layer via the connecting device and forwarded via the metal layer, in particular the metal layer designed as a conductor track. The connection device may be provided, for example, in the form of an adapter function on the use side of the multilayered layer structure. In addition, energy passed on via the metal layer, in particular electrical energy, can be supplied to an electrical consumer, such as a lamp. In this context it can be provided that a further connection device of the metal layer supplies the electrical energy for forwarding, which is then fed via a connecting device to an electrical load. Inductive charging may also be provided for an electrical consumer, which in this context is laid in particular on the use side of the multilayered layer structure. Finally, the metal layer can be designed in the manner of a functional layer which ensures the electrical properties of a multilayer layer structure and / or of an element.

Preferably, electrical consumers, such as lights or speakers, wirelessly be wired, in particular LED and / or OLED lights. For this purpose, on the multi-layer structure and / or the element - as mentioned above - electrical adapter points may be formed as connecting means which contact the metal layer and a connection of the conductor to the power supply, in particular a power supply and / or the accumulator, and the consumer, for example the light, manufacture. The electrical adapter functions are preferably optically not visibly arranged by the user side, in particular edge and / or back.

The trained as a conductor metal layer can also be produced by printing with a metallic material. The power cross section of the printed conductor is in particular between 0.001 mm ² to 0.15 mm ² , in particular as a function of the power requirement for the power supply of an electrical load - ie at higher currents to supply an electrical load and / or electrical consumers, therefore, results in a larger cross-section , in particular to avoid heating of the conductor track.

Preferably, a metal layer designed as an electrical conductor track has as its material aluminum, copper, gold and / or silver. The aforementioned materials are characterized in particular by a high electrical conductivity at a low electrical resistance. It is understood that particularly preferably a conductor track with a small layer height, in particular in a range of 10 mm to 1 .mu.m, is provided, so that the material used for the metal layer is comparatively small.

In addition, the use of a metallized plastic film, preferably a plasticized with aluminum plastic film, characterized by an economical production.

Furthermore, it can be provided in the case of a partially formed metal layer that a filling layer is arranged at least in some areas in the free spaces of the part-area metal layer, preferably in the form of an electrical conductor. The filling layer preferably has plastic as the material. In addition, the filling layer can be produced by coating, printing and / or painting. It can be provided that the filling layer can be applied only after the application of the metal layer and thus engages or arranges in the free spaces of the metal layer provided between the individual strands of the conductor track. In particular, the filling layer is provided for electrically insulating the individual branches and / or strands of the metal layer formed as a conductor track.

Alternatively or additionally, it may be provided to form the metal layer as a separately applicable negative layer. In particular, the filling layer can be produced independently of the metal layer, but depending on the geometry or the construction and / or formation of the metal layer his. The negative layer can in particular be applied together with the metal layer to the film layer and / or be connected to the film layer.

Furthermore, the metal layer may have different polarities, in particular at least one positive pole and one negative pole, in particular an anode and / or a cathode and / or different circuits. In this context, it makes sense if the layer structure has a plurality of metal layers. Finally, the metal layers of different polarity can also be arranged in the same plane in the layer structure, in particular wherein the metal layers are then electrically isolated from each other.

The multilayered layer structure and / or the element particularly preferably has an S _d value of less than 1500 m, preferably less than 1000 m, more preferably between 0.01 and 500 m and at least substantially between 0.1 and 100 m. In particular, the multilayered layer structure and / or the element, as mentioned above, is diffusion-inhibiting and / or diffusion-proof.

The S _d value characterizes the water vapor diffusion equivalent air layer thickness. This is a building physics measure for the water vapor diffusion resistance of a component or a component layer. The S _d value clearly indicates a thickness which a stationary air layer must have, so that it flows through the same diffusion flows in the stationary state and under the same boundary conditions - in comparison to the component considered. The abovementioned values relate to DIN 4108-3 (as of July 2018) and also characterize a diffusion-inhibiting and / or vapor-permeable layer.

Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided that the multilayered layer structure has an S _d value of greater than 100 m, preferably greater than 500 m, more preferably greater than or equal to 800 m, preferably between 800 m to 5000 m. In particular, an S _d value of greater than or equal to 1500 m characterizes a diffusion-tight layer, hence a vapor barrier.

Preferably, the multilayer coating structure, in particular at a material thickness between 1 .mu.m to 20 .mu.m, preferably between 8 .mu.m to 15 .mu.m, a water passage (W _DD value) of less than 2 g / m ² / 24h, preferably less than 1 g / m ² / 24h, more preferably between 0.1 g / m ² / 24h to 0.6 g / m ² / 24h at. The water vapor passage is determined by multiplying by 24 hours from the water vapor diffusion current density, the water vapor diffusion current density being determined by the difference of the water vapor partial pressures from the inside and the outside - facing away from the weathering side - divided by the water vapor diffusion passage resistance. The possible water vapor passages are already significantly reduced with small increases in the S _d values.

Preferably, the multiple layer construction and / or the element an oxygen passageway and a gas permeability for oxygen of less than 2 cm ³ / m ² / 24h, preferably less than 1 cm ³ / m ² / 24h, more preferably between 0.1 cm ³ / m ² / 24h to 0.5 cm ³ / m ² / 24h, up. The oxygen diffusion was determined according to room temperature ISO 2556 and or ISO 15105/1 (as of July 2018).

Furthermore, a method for producing a multilayer coating structure according to one of the embodiments described above is provided, wherein the decorative layer is directly and / or indirectly firmly bonded to the biopolymer-containing and / or biopolymeric layer.

Finally, it is understood that the aforementioned advantages and / or preferred embodiments of the multilayer coating structure can also be applied to the method, so that reference may be made to the previous statements in order to avoid unnecessary repetitions.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the method, it is provided that the metal layer is applied to a carrier layer and / or layer, in particular the film layer, by means of a metallic and / or metal-containing coating. The process step of coating is understood in manufacturing technology to be such a method that is used for applying a firmly adhering layer of formless material, in this case a metal-containing material and / or metal, on the surface of a workpiece, in particular the carrier layer. Before the coating, in particular the material of the metal layer is melted and / or converted into a liquid state.

By the solid composite of the metal layer to the, preferably formed as a film layer, which can be provided directly and / or indirectly, a multilayer layer structure can be prepared, which can be applied to an aforementioned element to achieve an at least partially metallic surface.

• - Physikalische Gasphasenabscheidung (engl. Physical Vapour Deposition, PVD), wie
  • • Sputter-Deposition
  • • thermisches Verdampfen
• - Chemische Gasphasenabscheidung (engl. Chemical Vapour Deposition, CVD)
  • • plasmaunterstützte chemische Gasphasenabscheidung (engl.: physical-enhanced chemical vapour deposition, PECVD)
• - thermisches Spritzen
• - Galvanisieren.

Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided that the carrier layer and / or the layer, preferably the film layer, is painted, printed and / or metallized to form the metal layer with a metallic and / or metal-containing material. Under a metallization is the Coating of a material with a metal layer understood, wherein in principle different methods of thin-film technology can be used for the metallization:

• Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD), such as
  • • sputter deposition
  • • thermal evaporation
• - Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD)
  • • plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD)
• - thermal spraying
• - Electroplating.

A printing of the carrier layer and / or the layer, in particular the film layer, by means of a digital, anodizing, inkjet, offset, gravure, screen and / or 3D printing and / or transfer printing, preferably thermal transfer printing , Sublimation and / or direct printing. Alternatively or additionally, the pressure can be transferred by means of an embossing foil, preferably hot embossing foil and / or cold embossing foil, and / or applied by means of microcontact and / or rotary coating. Ultimately, the aforementioned methods are used for applying the metal layer such that the comparatively thin metal layer is firmly on the carrier layer, preferably the film layer.

In 3D printing, surface structures can be produced during the printing process, in particular the metal layer. The preferred layer thickness of a metal layer applied by means of 3D printing is between 5 μm and 2000 μm, preferably between 10 μm and 1000 μm. Ultimately, it goes without saying that a printing process as a combination of 2D and 3D printing is also possible.

It is particularly preferred that the metal layer is applied to the carrier layer by electroplating.

In particular, an anodized, galvanized, chromated, chrome-plated, burnished and / or galvanic coating can be provided.

Alternatively or additionally, it is conceivable that the metal-containing coating by means of thermal spraying, wire flame spraying, powder flame spraying, arc spraying, plasma spraying and / or high-velocity flame spraying (HVOF) is applied. The abovementioned possibilities of the spray application enable a targeted and purposive application of the metal layer on the carrier layer, wherein comparatively low layer heights or layer thicknesses of the metal layer can be ensured and only those areas of the carrier layer are selectively metallized on the use side of the multilayer layer structure, the metallic surface should generate.

In addition, it can also be provided that the metal-containing coating of the metal layer by means of vacuum coating, preferably vacuum evaporation, plasma coating, Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) and / or Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) is applied.

The metallization can in principle be carried out with any of the aforementioned materials of the metal layer. Preferably, in a high vacuum, a carrier film with a very thin layer, in particular of ultrapure aluminum in powder form with an aluminum content of at least 99.98%, vapor-deposited. More preferably, a metallization with zinc or alloy, a zinc-aluminum alloy and / or copper is provided. Also particularly preferred are chromium, iron, gold, molybdenum, palladium, silver and / or titanium and their alloys, in particular nickel-chromium alloy, copper-aluminum alloy, Konstantan, Monel and / or gold tone alloys.

The physical vapor deposition (PVD) processes are vacuum-based coating processes in which the coating material, in this case the metal, is converted into the gas phase by means of physical processes and subsequently as a thin layer, that is to say as metallization, on the substrate , in particular the support plate, condensed. Thermal evaporation and cathode sputtering (sputtering, in particular magnetron sputtering) are preferably used as the PVD process. Further process options are arc evaporation, ion plating, silver passivation and / or the sol-gel process. The metallization preferably takes place from roll to roll of the carrier layer, in particular the carrier layer and / or layer which is mounted in roll form and formed as a plastic film.

It is advantageous that metallized polyethylene films, polypropylene films and / or polyamide films show very good barrier properties to oxygen, gases and moisture. The metallized film can also be subsequently printed, laminated to other films and / or used as a composite film.

It is also possible to use colored metal effect foils or metallic effect foils with silver shades. In addition, they are preferably used colored chrome effects or special effects, such as in particular holograms.

The degree of gloss of the metallized support layer can vary between dull to high gloss, the degree of gloss being determined by the method of application and the type of material. Ultimately, it is understood that the glossier the surface of the carrier layer, the metallic effect is all the more intense visible.

Very particularly preferred is provided in connection with the invention that an aluminum evaporation takes place. This is resource-saving and environmentally friendly, since only a minimal use of aluminum is necessary. Compared to aluminum, gold, copper and titanium have high commodity prices. However, in order to also be able to imitate these shades optically, it is advantageous to select a metallization with aluminum as the metal layer and to this a preferably translucent colored and / or pigmented plastic film, in particular a trained as a plastic film layer, protective layer and / or film layer, preferably comprising Polypropylene and / or polyethylene terephthalate (PET), to order.

Thus, by using a translucent yellow pigmented film, a gold tone can be produced when using an aluminum vapor-deposited carrier layer. The metallic luster of the aluminum vaporization is still visible through the translucent colored foil. For example, a copper tone and / or gray color pigments can be used to produce the appearance of stainless steel and / or titanium using a transparent, red-brown colored film.

As an alternative to using a colored and / or pigmented plastic film, in particular a layer formed as a plastic film, protective layer and / or film layer, a transparent film can be provided on the upper side with a pigmented, translucent coating, preferably a coating and / or a printed background, in particular wherein the coating is formed as a protective layer. In this context, the aluminum vaporization may preferably be applied on the back side of the film layer and / or the layer facing away from the use side. If a translucent translucent base is printed, an adhesion-promoting, transparent ink-ink receptive layer can be provided on the upper side of the film layer and / or the layer.

The aforementioned colored and / or pigmented films, in particular the layer formed as a plastic film, protective layer and / or film layer, may have a variable degree of translucency, the translucency depending on the desired optical effect between 0% (fully opaque) and 100% (transparent, clear, clear), preferably between 10% and 70%, can be provided.

• - Nasskaschieren
  • - Verbindung mittels eines nassen Klebstoffs
• - Trockenkaschieren
  • - Verbindung mittels eines trockenen Klebstoffs
• - Thermokaschieren
  • - Verbindung ohne Klebstoff, mittels Wärme und/oder Druck.

In a further preferred embodiment of the method, it is provided that the layers of the multilayered layer structure are joined together by lamination, by coextrusion and / or lamination, in particular by means of a roll-laminating method and / or laminating method. Laminating is understood as meaning the joining of several layers of identical or different materials with the aid of suitable laminating agents, preferably lacquer, glue and / or wax. Basically, the lamination can be divided into three forms:

• - wet lamination
  • - Connection by means of a wet adhesive
• - dry laminating
  • - Connection by means of a dry adhesive
• - Thermo lamination
  • - Connection without adhesive, by means of heat and / or pressure.

In the wet lamination, a Viskosedispersionsklebstoff, insbesondre based on polyurethane, in layers, in particular with a layer thickness of 7 to 25 microns, applied to the film and first dried in a drying device. The adhesive is often two-component. The printing material is fed and united in a nip under pressure with the film. Subsequently, it can come to the curing of the adhesive.

In the dry lamination, the layer composite is produced with a dry adhesive, in particular wherein predominantly matched to the respective substrates two-component reactive adhesives can be used for lamination. The application techniques of the laminating system are preferably provided by kiss-coating, anilox roller application, nozzle and / or pouring box principle. In particular, application weights of between 1 g / m ² and 20 g / m ^{2 are} achieved.

For thermal lamination, the film is precoated with a thermo-reactive adhesive. This can be melted by heat and connects under the influence of pressure, the different materials together.

A lamination is understood as meaning a cohesive, thermal joining process which does not require the use of auxiliary materials. By lamination can, preferably thin layers by means of an adhesive with a Carrier material are connected. As lamination types, hot lamination, cold lamination and lamination by pressing can be distinguished.

In the case of hot lamination, under pressure and heat, in particular at temperatures between 60 and 120 ° C., a full-surface bond on both sides of the layer structure according to the invention is achieved. A combination possibility between film thickness and surface-related mass of the carrier layer and the metal layer and the film layer allows both flexible, still rollable, as well as rigid end products.

In the case of cold lamination, films are coated with an adhesive which has normal adhesive properties, preferably over a wide temperature range, in particular between -75 ° C to 500 ° C. In the connection between carrier layer, in particular paper, and foil layer and / or protective layer, the adhesive acts like a double-sided adhesive tape.

In a coextrusion, identical or foreign plastic melts are brought together before leaving a profile nozzle and then pressed out through a shaping opening.

In addition to the abovementioned methods, the layers, preferably in the form of plastic films, including the metal layer and / or a carrier layer and optionally a counter-coating provided under the carrier layer can be thermally bonded to one another in one process step, for example by hot pressing and / or hot-bonding, in particular in a hot press (hot press and / or hot melt-press) and / or a short-cycle press.

Another method for bonding the film layer and / or the layer and the metal layer is direct thermal joining, in particular wherein the metal layer is electrically heated by resistance heating. If this is then brought together with the film layer, the plastic melts and forms a solid bond with the metal or the metal layer immediately after solidification.

It is particularly advantageous in this connection that the upper layer of the multilayer layer structure, in particular the layer, protective layer and / or the film layer, has on its underside a PUR film layer as adhesion promoter to the carrier layer. PUR is characterized by the fact that it has a low melting point, so that this plastic melts on thermal bonding and thus serves as an adhesive layer or adhesion promoter between the other layers of the upper layer of the multilayer coating structure and the metal layer.

Preferably, in particular on the upper side, facing the use side, at least in regions at least one at least single-layer protective layer is applied to the layer, the film layer, the decorative layer and / or the metal layer. The protective layer may be formed as a protective film and / or protective coating. In particular, the application of the protective layer by means of coating, impregnation, lamination and / or film coating. The protective layer can be integrated into the multilayered layer structure and / or arranged on the front side or the user side of the multilayer layer structure, in particular for the protection of the underlying layers.

In addition, the protective layer can be dried after application, preferably by heat and / or infrared radiation. Alternatively or additionally, it is possible that the protective layer is crosslinked after application, preferably by a hardener component. In particular, a two-component aqueous coating can be provided for crosslinking, the crosslinking being effected by ultraviolet radiation, by electron beam curing (ESH) and / or heat. The protective layer is thus applied to an already existing composite and then dried so that the protective layer is firmly bonded to the layers below and / or below it, in particular to the metal layer, the layer and / or the film layer.

• - Vernetzende wässrige Beschichtungen:
  • - UV-vernetzende wässrige Beschichtungen
    • - physikalische Trocknung durch Wärme in Trockenkanälen und/oder durch Infrarotstrahlung
    • - thermische Vernetzung durch ultraviolette Strahlung (UV)
    • - typische Trockenschichtdicken 8 bis 15 µm
  • - Hitze-vernetzende wässrige Beschichtungen
    • - chemische Vernetzung durch hohe Temperaturen in Trockenkanälen
    • - typische Trockenschichtdicken 8 bis 12 µm
  • - Zwei-Komponente wässrige Beschichtungen
    • - physikalische Trocknung durch Wärme in Trockenkanälen und/oder Infrarotstrahlung
    • - chemische Vernetzung durch die Härtekomponente
    • - typische Trockenschichtdicken 5 bis 20 µm
• - Vernetzende 100%-Systeme
  • - chemische Vernetzung und Härtung - z. B. durch ultraviolette Strahlung (UV)
  • - typische Trockenschichtdicken 10 bis 25 µm; in Zweischichtaufträgen auch bis 35 bis 40 µm
• - Thermische trocknende wässrige Dispersionen (nicht vernetzt)
  • - Verwendung meist als temporäre Beschichtung
  • - durch Grundreiniger entfernbar
  • - typische Trockenschichtdicken 5 bis 12 µm
  • - Härtung durch ESH-Technologie (Elektronenstrahlhärtung)

For the production of the protective layer, in particular the surface finish, different methods can be used, which differ in particular in characteristic features:

• - Crosslinking aqueous coatings:
  • - UV-crosslinking aqueous coatings
    • - physical drying by heat in drying channels and / or by infrared radiation
    • - thermal crosslinking by ultraviolet radiation (UV)
    • typical dry film thicknesses 8 to 15 μm
  • - Heat-curing aqueous coatings
    • - chemical crosslinking by high temperatures in drying channels
    • Typical dry film thicknesses 8 to 12 μm
  • - Two-component aqueous coatings
    • - Physical drying by heat in drying channels and / or infrared radiation
    • - chemical crosslinking by the hardness component
    • Typical dry film thicknesses 5 to 20 μm
• - Crosslinking 100% systems
  • - chemical crosslinking and curing - z. B. by ultraviolet radiation (UV)
  • typical dry film thicknesses 10 to 25 μm; in two-coat jobs also up to 35 to 40 μm
• - Thermal drying aqueous dispersions (not crosslinked)
  • - Use mostly as a temporary coating
  • - Removable with basic cleaner
  • Typical dry film thicknesses 5 to 12 μm
  • - Hardening by ESH technology (electron beam hardening)

In accordance with a very particularly preferred embodiment of the method, the at least one decorative layer is applied and / or turned away on the use side of the multilayer layer structure, the film layer, protective layer, layer and / or metal layer. In addition, a plurality of decorative layers can be applied to the aforementioned layers, in particular for the optical influence of the decoration of the multilayer layer structure. The decorative layer can be produced by partial and / or full-surface printing and / or coating of the layer, the film layer, the protective layer and / or the metal layer. In particular, the printing of the decorative layer is targeted and / or purposeful depending on the metal layer.

The decorative layer can be applied as a coating, in particular by means of a coating process and / or printing process, in particular rotogravure printing, screen printing, gravure printing, anodic printing, offset printing, flexographic printing, 3D printing, digital printing, transfer printing, preferably thermal transfer printing, sublimation printing and / or direct printing, and / or by means of a stamping foil, preferably hot stamping foil and / or cold stamping foil.

Particularly preferably, the decorative layer is printed in digital printing. For digital printing, both multipass and single pass technology can be used. Particular preference is given to using eco-solvent, latex and / or UV-curable inks. In particular, water-based printing inks are used. In addition, gravure-identical color pigments - Dekortiefdruck - can be used in digital printing and / or in other printing processes. For rotogravure and / or digital printing, the printing width is in particular between 5 cm to 300 cm, preferably greater than 60 cm, in particular between 125 cm to 225 cm.

Printing is preferably done by industrial decor printing on an industrial decor printing machine. The decorative layer in the sense of this invention is based in particular on the imitation of material textures, such as wood, stone, concrete, tile and metal optics, as well as graphic decors and creative fantasy decors, in particular wherein the aforementioned optics can also be combined. Decors of this type are particularly suitable for the design of surfaces for the preferred applications. According to the invention a variety of new design options in the interplay of decorative printing with metallic material is achieved.

Transparent and / or translucent areas of the decorative layer can be achieved by printing with translucent, non-opaque printing inks, which in particular allow the metallic material of the metal layer to shine through, so that the metal character and in particular the metallic luster remain visually recognizable. Depending on the desired optical effect, the translucency of an imprint can be between 0% translucent (fully occlusive) and 100% translucent (crystal clear), preferably between 50 to 100%. Preferably, therefore, the metal layer is optically easily recognizable.

The biopolymer-containing and / or the biopolymer layer, the protective layer, the film layer and / or the metal layer is / are preferably subjected to a mechanical surface treatment. In particular, the mechanical surface treatment is carried out in such a way that a structured surface of the aforementioned layers can be achieved, which is still at least partially present in particular on the use side of the multilayer layer structure. As a mechanical surface treatment may be provided polishing, sandblasting, satinizing, glass bead blasting, grinding, milling, drilling, scribing, brushing, lasers, engraving, laser engraving and / or embossing. In the metal layer, a so-called "butler finish" can be achieved by a brushing method.

Furthermore, the metal layer may be subjected to chemical surface treatment, patination and / or staining. As a chemical surface treatment, etching, preferably with an acidic material, of the metal layer may be provided. As a result, the metal layer is structured in a targeted manner, for example for improved adhesion with the layers to be arranged on the metal layer.

According to a further embodiment of the method, the metal layer can be demetallized at least in certain areas. Finally, it is possible that the metal layer is applied over the entire surface and in individual areas the metal layer and / or the metal-containing coating is removed. As a result, for example, conductor tracks can be generated.

Furthermore, the film layer and / or the biopolymer-containing and / or biopolymer layer can be produced by extrusion, casting, calendering and / or blow molding. Finally, the film layer is in the form of a film, in particular plastic film.

Preferably, the biopolymer-containing and / or biopolymer layer, the film layer, the carrier layer and / or the protective layer is pretreated prior to printing and / or coating, in particular with a corona treatment, flame treatment, plasma treatment and / or fluorination. Preferably, the pretreatment is used to produce an adhesion-promoting, in particular transparent, color ink-receiving layer and / or for producing an adhesion-promoting layer. A corona treatment is understood as meaning an electrochemical process for the surface modification of plastics, whereby the corona treatment can increase the polarity of the surface, thereby significantly improving the wettability and chemical affinity. The aforementioned layers are subjected to a high-voltage electrical discharge in the corona treatment. In the flame treatment, a flame treatment can be provided at a temperature of in particular 1000 ° C, wherein the molecular chains of the aforementioned layers are broken and the oxygen molecules contained in the flame are incorporated. As a result, improved adhesion can be achieved, which is advantageous in particular for further processing. Fluorination involves the introduction of fluorine into organic compounds using fluorinating agents.

The decorative layer can be printed directly onto the untreated material and / or onto a color ink-receiving layer, which has been applied in particular to the metal layer and / or the film layer. The color ink receiving layer is formed as an adhesion-promoting and / or transparent layer.

Furthermore, the film layer and / or the at least single-layer protective layer can be extruded and / or laminated onto the metal layer. Alternatively or additionally, the at least single-layer protective layer can be extruded onto the film layer and / or laminated. As laminating particular paint, glue and / or wax are used.

Preferably, the decorative layer, the layer, the protective layer and / or the film layer can be formed as a precursor or intermediate product and can be produced separately from the metal layer and connected to the metal layer and / or the carrier layer only in a further, subsequent process step.

A layer composite of the layer, the film layer, the protective layer and / or the precursor may form a composite film. The individual layers of the composite film can be extruded or laminated or laminated. The production can be carried out by laminating several layers of identical or different materials or layers, in particular of plastic films. In addition, suitable laminating agents, such as paint, glue and / or wax, can be used. Laminating is to protect a material and / or decorate and / or to achieve an addition of favorable material properties. The material may be applied to or under a layer having the desired properties or introduced between two layers. For printing, gluing and / or coating of a plastic film, preferably the film layer and / or the layer is usually - as mentioned above - in some plastic materials, especially polyethylene, polypropylene and / or polyethylene terephthalate, a Coronavorbehandlung necessary. The surface to be treated is exposed to an electric corona discharge for a short time. Alternatives to corona treatment include flame treatment, plasma treatment and fluorination. Processing preferably takes place from the roll, in particular the roll laminating machine, or as a surface lamination, in particular with a laminating machine.

The above-mentioned composite film can in particular be provided on the underside with a melamine-treated paper as a bonding layer. The advantage here is that the composite film in a short-cycle press, in particular on a wood material such as HDF and / or MDF, can be pressed. The compression takes place under pressure and heat, in particular at temperatures of 160 to 200 ° C. The melamine in the resinated paper becomes liquid and combines with the HDF plate during the pressing process. The melamine-treated paper takes over the adapter function for processing the composite film in a short-cycle press. Prerequisite for the technical feasibility is in particular the use of a composite film according to the invention, which is preferably stable in a temperature range of 160 to 200 ° C. Ultimately, this means that the individual components used the Composite film, such as the plastic and / or the laminating adhesive, must meet these temperature requirements. The melting range of polypropylene is, for example, about 160 ° C +/- 10 ° C. Polyethylene terephthalate has a melting point of 250 ° C +/- 10 ° C. Polyurethane again has a melting point of 190 ° C +/- 10 ° C.

When forming the film layer as a transparent melamine layer, it is particularly appropriate for one or more transparent overlays to be applied to the metal layer. The, preferably partially interrupted, decorative layer can be printed by one of the printing methods described above, preferably directly to the metal layer and / or under or on top of the overlay. The connection of the overlay to the metal layer can preferably be effected by thermal bonding, in particular hot pressing, preferably via a short-cycle pressing device and / or by gluing or heat bonding.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, an element for use as a floor, wall, ceiling, furniture, decoration, interior fitting element, preferably strip, profile, edge, door and / or window element, façade , Wallpaper, Car Interior, Car Exterior and / or Outdoorbelagselement provided with a multi-layer layer structure according to one of the embodiments described above and an at least single-layer underground layer.

By using the multilayer coating structure, the decor of the element can be specifically influenced, in particular be predetermined by the layer structure. In addition, especially biopolymeric materials are used, which are characterized by a high ecological compatibility. Furthermore, a metallic surface can be generated on the user side or surface of use of the element, which is both resource-saving and associated with low production costs.

In this context, it is understood that advantageous embodiments and the advantages of the multilayer coating structure described above can also be applied to the use of the element according to the invention. In addition, the multilayered layer structure may preferably have been produced according to at least one of the previously described embodiments of the method.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, it is provided that the background layer has at least one support plate. On the support plate of the multilayer layer structure can be arranged, in particular wherein the support plate ensures a high stability of the element and is preferably not designed to be flexible. The backing plate can be used as gypsum plaster board, gypsum fiberboard, rendering substrate, OSB chipboard, high density fiberboard (HDF), perfluorocarbonone (PFC) plate, medium density fiberboard (MDF), Chipboard and / or wood-plastic composite plate (WPC plate) may be formed. The backing sheet may also be described as High Pressure Laminate (HPL), Low Pressure Laminate (LPL), Direct Pressure Laminate (DPL), Continuous Pressure Laminate (CPL), and / or Decorative Laminate (DKS), stone-based, porcelain stoneware, mineral, ceramic , cement-based and / or gypsum-based background layer to be formed. Finally, the material of the background layer and / or the support plate is used depending on the use of the element. According to the invention, the multi-layered layer structure can be arranged on a very wide variety of substrates of the element and can produce a metallic surface thereon at least in some areas.

Furthermore, the carrier plate may comprise a, preferably elastic, plastic material. As plastic material, a thermosetting and / or thermoplastic material may be provided. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethane (PUR), polyethylene (PE), polyester, in particular polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and / or polypropylene (PP), natural fiber reinforced plastic (NFK), perfluorocarbone (PFC), a polyolefin, is also preferred as the plastic material chlorine-free plastic and / or an elastomer provided. Furthermore, the carrier plate linoleum, rubber, cork, solid wood, wood materials, a compact laminate and / or metal, in particular a metal sheet, and / or consist thereof.

Preferably, the background layer is firmly connected to the multi-layered layer structure, in particular wherein the background layer is bonded to the multi-layered layer structure. The adhesive layer, which is preferably formed as a connecting layer, can be provided on the underside of the multilayered layer structure which is connected to the top side of the background layer facing the multilayered layer structure. In principle, there are also other possibilities for a firm connection with the background layer.

According to a further embodiment of the inventive concept, the background layer has a middle layer. The middle layer may comprise a plastic-containing and / or mineral material. The material may be polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethane (PUR), linoleum, an elastomer, a cork, a polyolefin, a chlorine-free plastic, acrylate, a foam, rubber, a Mineral material and / or a mixture of materials, in particular from the aforementioned materials may be provided. Finally, it will be understood that the background layer may comprise a plurality of layers.

Preferably, the production of the element can take place independently of the multilayer layer structure, so that the multilayer layer structure can be applied to different elements, in particular without the elements being pretreated and / or processed in a complicated manner.

In addition, the middle layer may include a high density fiberboard (HDF), a medium density fiberboard (MDF), chipboard, a high pressure laminate (HPL) plate, continuous pressure laminate (CPL) plate, a compact laminate (DKS), preferably polyethylene (PE), low pressure laminates (LPL), direct pressure laminates (DPL), metal, wood-plastic composite (WPC), a wood material, solid wood, glass, paper and / or cardboard and / or consist thereof.

In a further preferred embodiment, it is provided that the background layer, preferably on the top and / or bottom side of the middle layer, has a reinforcing layer, in particular wherein the reinforcing layer has jute and / or a glass fiber reinforcement. The reinforcing layer can be provided to increase the stability of the background layer, in particular the middle layer.

Furthermore, the background layer, in particular on the underside, facing away from the use side, may have a back layer, in particular wherein the back layer comprises a plastic material. As the plastic material for the backing layer may be provided polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethane (PUR), linoleum, an elastomer, a polyolefin and / or a chlorine-free plastic. Furthermore, the backing layer may comprise a metallic material, in particular a metal foil, and / or glass and / or cork.

In a particularly preferred embodiment it is provided that locking contours are provided on at least one edge side, preferably on all edge sides. The locking contours are provided in particular on the edge sides of the background layer and / or of the element. The locking contours serve to connect elements to be arranged directly next to one another. Especially when using the element as a floor, wall, ceiling, Fassadenbelag and / or as a furniture element, a so-called click system with corresponding locking contours is advantageous for quick and / or easy installation of the covering. The locking contours may be complementary to each other and / or formed on mutually opposite edge sides. Preferably, a tongue and groove connection is provided as a locking contour. The tongue and groove connection is known in particular in the case of laminate and / or parquet and / or in the case of a wall, ceiling and / or floor covering and is established in practice.

Preferably, the background layer, the middle layer and / or the carrier plate comprises and / or consists of a biopolymer-containing and / or biopolymeric material. In particular, the biopolymer-containing and / or the biopolymeric material is selected according to one of the previously described embodiments.

Furthermore, a method for producing an element according to one of the previously described embodiments is provided. In this method, the multilayered layer structure is bonded to the background layer, in particular pressed, laminated, glued and / or laminated. For this purpose, in particular a roller laminating method and / or a Flächenkaschierverfahren can be used.

In a preferred embodiment of the method, it is provided that the individual layers of the layer structure, with the exception of the decorative layer and the metal layer, are connected to one another with the background layer in one method step. Preferably, a connection via pressing, in particular hot pressing and / or lamination, in particular roller laminating method and / or Flächenkaschierverfahren and / or lamination and / or gluing.

Basically, the joining of the individual layers of the element and / or the layer structure by variants of the manufacturing processes described above, in particular by changing the type and order of assembly. In particular, at first components, background layers and / or carrier layers of metallic material can be produced, which are then printed, in particular by direct printing and / or digital printing, and subsequently provided with the film layer and / or the protective layer, preferably in the form of a translucent coating ,

Preferred embodiments and / or advantages are obtained in accordance with the previous explanations of the multilayered layer structure, methods for producing the layer structure and / or the element.

Preferably, the protective layer, the undercoat layer, the support plate and / or the middle layer is pretreated before coating and / or printing with a corona treatment, flame treatment, plasma treatment and / or flourization. In particular, such a, preferably adhesion-promoting, color ink-receiving layer can be produced, which is provided in particular for receiving the decorative layer. Advantageously, the printing with the decorative layer can be improved and / or simplified by the pretreatment.

Furthermore, the invention relates to a layer arrangement intended for use for an element for use as a floor, wall, ceiling, furniture, decoration, interior finishing element, preferably strip, profile, edge, door and / or window element , Façade, wallpaper, car interior, car exterior and / or outdoor covering element with a metal layer and a carrier layer.

According to the invention, it is provided that the layer arrangement is designed according to one of the previously described embodiments or is characterized according to one of the features described above. In particular, the layer arrangement is an alternative solution to the layer structure of the aforementioned type according to the invention. All the advantages and possible applications of the layer structure according to the invention described above can also be applied to the layer arrangement according to the invention. To avoid repetition, reference is made to the previous statements at this point.

It is understood that the metal layer and / or the carrier layer is formed according to at least one of the previously described embodiments, in particular wherein the carrier layer is formed as a paper layer. The metal layer may also be formed in particular as a metal foil and / or as a metallic coating, preferably as a metallization, and / or metallic coating and / or coating and / or as metallic printing.

A film layer, a decorative layer and / or a protective layer, in particular a protective coating, of the aforementioned type may optionally be provided in the layer arrangement.

Preferably, the metal layer is arranged directly on the carrier layer, in particular firmly connected thereto.

In addition, the layer arrangement may have locking contours of the aforementioned type on the edge sides, in particular the carrier plate has the locking contours.

A further alternative solution of the object is provided according to a metal layer designed as a carrier plate for use as an element for use as a floor, wall, ceiling, furniture, decoration, interior finishing element, preferably ledge, profile, edge, Door and / or window element, facade, wallpaper, car interior, car exterior and / or Outdoorbelagselement provided.

It is inventively provided that the metal layer is formed according to one of the embodiments described above or is characterized according to one of the features described above. In particular, the metal layer is an alternative solution to the layer structure of the aforementioned type according to the invention. All the advantages and possible applications of the layer structure according to the invention described above can also be applied to the metal layer according to the invention designed as a carrier plate. To avoid repetition, reference is made to the previous statements at this point.

Preferably, the metal layer is not flexible and / or not elastic, but rigid and / or rigid.

It is understood that the metal layer is formed according to at least one of the embodiments described above, in particular wherein the metal layer is formed as a metal plate and / or sheet metal and / or extruded profile.

In addition, the metal layer formed as a carrier plate may have locking contours of the aforementioned type on the edge sides.

A film layer, a decorative layer and / or a protective layer, in particular a protective coating, of the aforementioned type can optionally be arranged on the metal layer formed as a carrier plate.

It is expressly pointed out that all specified intervals and all intermediate intervals contained in the range limits and also all individual values contained therein are considered to be essential to the invention, even if these intermediate intervals and individual values are not specified in detail.

Other features, advantages and applications of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawing and the drawing itself. In this case, all described and / or illustrated features, alone or in any combination, the subject of the present invention, regardless of their Summary in the claims and their dependency.

• 1 eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung eines mehrlagigen Schichtaufbaus,
• 2 eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen mehrlagigen Schichtaufbaus,
• 3 eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines mehrlagigen Schichtaufbaus,
• 4 eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen mehrlagigen Schichtaufbaus,
• 5 eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines mehrlagigen Schichtaufbaus,
• 6 eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen mehrlagigen Schichtaufbaus,
• 7 eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen mehrlagigen Schichtaufbaus,
• 8 eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen mehrlagigen Schichtaufbaus,
• 9 eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen mehrlagigen Schichtaufbaus,
• 10 eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung in einer Explosionsansicht einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen mehrlagigen Schichtaufbaus,
• 11 eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung in einer Explosionsansicht einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen mehrlagigen Schichtaufbaus,
• 12 eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung in einer Explosionsansicht einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen mehrlagigen Schichtaufbaus,
• 13 eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung in einer Explosionsansicht einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen mehrlagigen Schichtaufbaus,
• 14 eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung in einer Explosionsansicht einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen mehrlagigen Schichtaufbaus,
• 15 eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung in einer Explosionsansicht einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen mehrlagigen Schichtaufbaus,
• 16 eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung in einer Explosionsansicht einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen mehrlagigen Schichtaufbaus,
• 17 eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Elementes,
• 18 eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Elementes,
• 19 eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Elementes,
• 20 eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Elementes,
• 21 eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Elementes,
• 22 eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Elementes,
• 23 eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung eines Elementes,
• 24 eine schematische perspektivische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Trägerplatte,
• 25 eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung der in 24 gezeigten Trägerplatte,
• 26 eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung der in 24 und 25 gezeigten Trägerplatte,
• 27 eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines mehrlagigen Schichtaufbaus,
• 28 eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Elementes,
• 29 eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Elementes,
• 30 eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Dekorfolie,
• 31 eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Dekorfolie,
• 32 eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Dekorfolie,
• 33 eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Dekorfolie,
• 34 eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Schichtaufbaus und
• 35 eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Schichtaufbaus.

It shows:

• 1 a schematic cross-sectional view of a multilayer layer structure,
• 2 a schematic cross-sectional view of a multilayer coating structure according to the invention,
• 3 a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a multilayer layer structure,
• 4 a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a multilayer coating structure according to the invention,
• 5 a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a multilayer layer structure,
• 6 a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a multilayer coating structure according to the invention,
• 7 a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a multilayer coating structure according to the invention,
• 8th a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a multilayer coating structure according to the invention,
• 9 a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a multilayer coating structure according to the invention,
• 10 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view in an exploded view of a further embodiment of a multilayer coating structure according to the invention,
• 11 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view in an exploded view of a further embodiment of a multilayer coating structure according to the invention,
• 12 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view in an exploded view of a further embodiment of a multilayer coating structure according to the invention,
• 13 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view in an exploded view of a further embodiment of a multilayer coating structure according to the invention,
• 14 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view in an exploded view of a further embodiment of a multilayer coating structure according to the invention,
• 15 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view in an exploded view of a further embodiment of a multilayer coating structure according to the invention,
• 16 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view in an exploded view of a further embodiment of a multilayer coating structure according to the invention,
• 17 a schematic cross-sectional view of an element according to the invention,
• 18 a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of an element according to the invention,
• 19 a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of an element according to the invention,
• 20 a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of an element according to the invention,
• 21 a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of an element according to the invention,
• 22 a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of an element according to the invention,
• 23 a schematic cross-sectional view of an element,
• 24 a schematic perspective view of a carrier plate according to the invention,
• 25 a schematic cross-sectional view of in 24 shown carrier plate,
• 26 a schematic cross-sectional view of in 24 and 25 shown carrier plate,
• 27 a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a multilayer layer structure,
• 28 a schematic cross-sectional view of an element according to the invention,
• 29 a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the element according to the invention,
• 30 a schematic cross-sectional view of a decorative film according to the invention,
• 31 a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a decorative film according to the invention,
• 32 a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a decorative film according to the invention,
• 33 a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a decorative film according to the invention,
• 34 a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a layer structure according to the invention and
• 35 a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a layer structure according to the invention.

In 2 is a layered structure 1 with a decorative layer 7 and a biopolymer-containing and / or biopolymeric layer 22 formed film layer 3 shown. The layer 22 is in 34 and 35 shown. Ultimately, it goes without saying in the 2 illustrated embodiment that the film layer 3 as a layer 22 is formed and the properties of the layer 22 having. The in 2 shown multilayer coating structure 1 is for an element 2 for use as a floor, wall, ceiling, furniture, decoration, interior finishing element, preferably strip, profile, edge, door and / or window element, facade, wallpaper, car interior, car -Exterior- and / or Outdoorbelagselement provided.

In addition, shows 1 shows a multi-layered layer structure 1 with a metallic or metal-containing metal layer 4 ,

Not shown is that the film layer 3 or the layer 22 at least partially transparent and / or translucent is formed. The aforementioned embodiment of the film layer 3 or the layer 22 , such as from the 34 and 35 visible, it allows the top side, from the use side 6 from the perspective of multilayer coating construction 1 the metal layer 4 at least partially visually recognizable and / or visually visible. The metal layer 4 thus appears through the film layer 3 at least in certain areas.

In 1 is shown that the metal layer 4 on the upper side of the film layer 3 or the layer 22 is arranged, wherein the metal layer 4 not completely on the foil layer 3 must be provided, so areas of the film layer 3 remain free. In 2 In turn, it is shown that the metal layer 4 below the film layer 3 is arranged. Also in the in 2 embodiment shown is provided that the film layer 3 as a biopolymer-containing and / or biopolymer layer 22 is trained.

In the in 1 illustrated embodiment, the metal layer 4 directly with the film layer 3 connected. The layers 3 . 4 are firmly or inextricably linked.

2 shows, however, that the metal layer 4 indirectly with the film layer 3 is firmly connected. The indirect bond requires that between the film layer 3 and the metal layer 4 At least one more layer is arranged.

4 shows that the multilayer buildup 1 at least in areas - according to the illustrated embodiment over the entire surface - a carrier layer 5 having. The metal layer 4 is in the in 4 illustrated embodiment directly on the carrier layer 5 arranged. In further embodiments, the metal layer 4 also indirectly on the carrier layer 5 be arranged. The metal layer 4 is in the in 4 shown embodiment and inseparable - that is not separable without destruction - with the carrier layer 5 connected. In addition, the metal layer 4 on the upper side of the carrier layer 5 , the usage page 6 facing, arranged. At the in 4 embodiment shown is over the metal layer 4 still the foil layer 3 intended.

It is understood that also the carrier layer 5 as a biopolymer-containing and / or biopolymer layer 22 can be trained.

At the in 1 embodiment shown is provided that the film layer 3 as a carrier layer 5 for the metal layer 4 is formed, the carrier layer 5 - and consequently the film layer 3 - Used to arrange the metal layer 4 ,

Not shown is that the film layer 3 can be formed as a partial area layer.

In the in 2 illustrated embodiment is the decorative layer 7 above the metal layer 4 and below the film layer 3 arranged. Ultimately, it goes without saying that the arrangement of the decorative layer 7 in other embodiments may vary. Also the decorative layer 7 may comprise and / or consist of a biopolymeric and / or biopolymer-containing material, in particular as a biopolymer-containing and / or biopolymeric layer 22 be educated.

3 shows that the multilayer buildup 1 at least partially a protective layer 8th having. In the embodiment shown here, the protective layer is 8th above, the usage page 6 facing, the metal layer 4 arranged. In further embodiments, the protective layer 8th to the film layer 3 , the backing layer 5 and / or the decorative layer 7 be arranged. The protective layer 8th can be used as a biopolymer-containing and / or biopolymer layer 22 be formed and / or have a biopolymer as a material.

In addition, the protective layer can 8th also be multi-layered, as for example in 12 is shown. At the in 3 embodiment shown is provided that the protective layer 8th is designed as a protective film. At the in 6 The embodiment shown is the protective layer 8th designed as a protective coating. As a protective coating, a coating, impregnation, lamination and / or film coating may be provided.

In a further, not shown embodiment it is provided that the protective layer 8th , the layer 22 , the film layer 3 and / or the carrier layer 5 at least partially transparent / and translucent is / are formed. The aforementioned formation of the protective layer 8th is in particular such that the metal layer 4 from the usage page 6 at least partially visually recognizable and / or visually visible. In addition, the protective layer 8th , the film layer 3 and / or the carrier layer 5 also have a pigmentation and / or colored, preferably through-dyed, and / or painted on the top and / or bottom side.

At the in 4 illustrated embodiment, it is provided that the film layer 3 as a protective layer 8th is trained. The foil layer 3 accordingly protects the underlying layer structure from mechanical stresses and thus increases the abrasion and wear resistance.

In 12 It is shown that a plurality of at least single-layer protective layers 8th in the multi-layered layer construction 1 is integrated. Here, one, in particular centrally in the multilayer layer structure 1 edged, protective layer 8th as a damping layer 9 be formed, such as in 17 shown.

7 shows that the film layer 3 printed at least partially, so that a decor having a decorative layer 7 on the foil layer 3 is arranged. The foil layer 3 is formed in the unprinted areas transparent and / or translucent, so that the underlying metal layer 4 from the usage page 6 is visually recognizable. Not shown is that the film layer 3 is formed translucent in the printed areas.

An at least partially printing the metal layer 4 is in 2 shown, wherein the film layer 3 at least partially transparent and / or translucent is formed.

The decorative layer 7 can on the metal layer 4 , such as in the 2 . 4 and 6 shown to be arranged. Furthermore, the decorative layer 7 also on the foil layer 3 (see. 7 ) be applied. The decorative layer 7 can also over the carrier layer 5 be arranged, such as 13 shows. 14 shows that the decorative layer 7 on the at least single-layer protective layer 8th has been applied. The decorative layer 7 may be by printing and / or coating the film layer 3 , the metal layer 4 , the carrier layer 5 and / or the protective layer 8th be generated. The decorative layer 7 can be designed either as a partial area or as a full-surface layer. In the 2 is a partial surface of the decorative layer 7 shown so that these only in some sub-areas on the metal layer 4 has been applied.

To form the decorative layer 7 may be the biopolymer-containing and / or biopolymeric layer 22 printed on at least one side at least partially, painted and / or coated. Furthermore, the decorative layer 7 have and / or consist of a printing and / or coating.

Not shown is that the decorative layer 7 is formed at least partially transparent and / or translucent, in such a way that the metal layer 4 , from the usage page 6 Seen from at least partially visible. A visibility of the metal layer 4 is characterized by the fact that it is visually recognizable and / or optically translucent. As a result, the metallic surface of the multilayer coating structure 1 be generated.

The decorative layer 7 can be designed as printing and / or coating. The decorative layer formed as a coating 7 may in turn be designed as a coating, coating and / or as a film, in particular as an adhesive film, preferably based on paper and / or plastic.

Not shown is that, preferably printed, decorative layer 7 at least in some areas a decoration based on the imitation of a material and / or texture, in particular a natural material and / or a natural texture, preferably based on a wood, stone material and / or concrete, tile, ceramic, metal material and / or on Base of a graphic and / or a photographic and / or typographical elements having and / or of a natural and / or artificial patina texture having décor.

8th shows that the outside of the multilayer coating structure 1 , in the illustrated embodiment below, the use page 6 turned away, the metal layer 4 a tie layer 10 is arranged. The connection layer 10 is formed as a resinated paper layer or adhesive layer. In further embodiments, as a connecting layer 10 a melamine-resin-impregnated paper layer and / or an adhesive layer, which preferably comprises a polyacrylate adhesive, and / or a layer comprising a paper, nonwoven and / or woven fabric.

The connection layer 10 may have a balancing, protection, adhesive, adhesive, damping, connection and / or adapter function.

In the 2 shown metal layer 4 is designed as a metal foil. In further embodiments, the metal layer 4 have or consist of a metal sheet and / or as a metal foil or metal-containing coating, such as in 1 shown to be trained.

3 shows that the metal layer 4 can be formed as a metallization, as a metallic and / or metal-containing printing, painting and / or coating, as a metallization of the carrier layer 5 for example, in 3 as a film layer 3 is trained. In further embodiments, the metal layer 4 as metallization, as metallic and / or metal-containing printing, painting and / or coating of the film layer 3 and / or the protective layer 8th be educated.

In the illustrated embodiments, it is not shown that the metal layer 4 at least partially transparent and / or translucent is formed. In this context, it is understood that the metal layer 4 can be generated by metallization and / or printing.

5 shows that the metal layer 4 both on the top, the usage page 6 facing, and underside of the carrier layer 5 in the in 5 illustrated embodiment as a film layer 3 is formed, is provided. Consequently, a plurality of metal layers 4 in the layer structure 1 be integrated.

The metal-containing coating of the metal layer 4 can be applied by means of thermal spraying, preferably wire flame spraying, powder flame spraying, arc spraying, plasma spraying and / or high-velocity flame spraying (HVOF), and / or powder coating, in particular electrostatic powder coating (EPS), and / or by vortex sintering and / or by vacuum coating.

In 1 is shown that the metal layer 4 has a layer thickness of 60 nm. In further embodiments, the metal layer 4 have a layer thickness of 5 nm to 25 microns.

Next shows 1 in that the metal-containing coating - the metal layer 4 - and the carrier layer 5 have a total layer thickness of 10 microns. In further embodiments, the total layer thickness of the carrier layer 5 , especially as a film layer 3 is formed, and the metal layer 4 between 0.5 .mu.m to 1000 .mu.m.

The metal layer 4 may comprise and / or consist of a metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, chromium, iron, gold, copper, molybdenum, palladium, titanium, silver, tin, zinc and lead and mixtures thereof. In addition, the metal layer 4 an alloy of aluminum, chromium, iron, gold, copper, molybdenum, palladium, titanium, silver, tin, zinc and / or lead, in particular to steel alloy, stainless steel alloy, copper alloy, preferably brass and / or bronze, nickel-chromium alloy, Copper-aluminum alloy, Konstantan, Monel and / or gold tone alloy, and / or consist thereof.

Furthermore, the metal layer 4 a semimetal and / or a semi-metal alloy and / or consist thereof.

In the 1 is shown that the metal layer 4 is formed over the entire surface.

In addition, the metal layer 4 be formed part of the area, as for example 28 shows.

Not shown is that the metal layer 4 is designed as a sheet. The metal sheet formed in particular as a metal sheet 4 has a layer thickness of 0.1 mm to 20 mm.

In 2 is shown that the metal layer 4 is formed as aluminum foil with a pure aluminum content of greater than 90%. The metal foil shown in the illustrated embodiment has a layer thickness of 80 microns +/- 10 microns. In further embodiments, the metal foil may have a layer thickness of 0.1 μm to 1000 μm.

In addition, it is not shown that the metal layer 4 is formed as a cast and / or drawn metal, in particular as an aluminum extruded profile and / or as an extruded profile.

At the in 4 shown embodiment, it is provided that the metal layer 4 has been applied as a coating, in particular by means of a coating process and / or printing process. Suitable printing methods are, for example, digital printing, flexographic printing, screen printing, rotogravure printing, anodic printing, offset printing, 3D printing, direct printing, transfer printing, preferably thermal transfer printing, sublimation printing and / or gravure printing. Alternatively or additionally, the metal layer 4 as a coating by means of a stamping foil, preferably by a hot stamping foil and / or a cold stamping foil, are transmitted. The metal layer applied as a coating 4 has a layer thickness of 5 nm to 400 microns. The in the 4 shown coating the metal layer 4 has a layer thickness of 200 μm +/- 20 μm.

In the 3 illustrated metal layer 4 has metal pigments. The metal pigments may have a brass alloy, copper, gold, silver and / or aluminum.

Not shown is that the metal layer 4 Metal effect pigments, preferably in the form of a brass alloy, copper, gold, silver and / or aluminum, and / or interference pigments and / or pearlescent pigments.

In addition, it is not shown that the metal layer 4 and the carrier layer 5 are formed as a hologram foil and / or have a hologram. Also, the entire multi-layered layer structure 1 can be designed as a hologram foil, which is based on an element 2 can be applied.

The film layer shown in the illustrated embodiments 3 and / or, preferably as a film layer 3 trained, carrier layer 5 and / or the protective layer 8th can have as a material a plastic. This plastic can be formed on the basis of synthetic and / or semi-synthetic polymers. In particular, elastomeric, thermoplastic and / or thermosetting plastics are used. The plastic may, for example, be selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), cast polyvinyl chloride, polyester (PES), polyesters containing a polyvinyl chloride surface, perfluorocarbons (PFC), polyurethane (PUR), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polypropylene (PP) , natural fiber reinforced plastic (NFK), castpropylene (CPP), oriented propylene (OPP), biaxially oriented propylene (BOPP), polyetraflourethylene (PTFE), polyethylene (PE), high density polyethylene (HDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), polyamide (PA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET / PETP), polystyrene (PS), biaxially oriented polyester film (BOPET), polyactide (PLA, PDLA, PLLA and / or PDLLA), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) , Polycarbonate (PC), polyester carbonate (PEC), polyethersulfone (PES), polyimide (PI), polyarylate (PAR), unsaturated polyester resin (UP), cast alkyd resin film, cast acrylic resin layer, polyetherimide (PEI), pol yetherketones (PAEK / PEEK), polyactide (PLA), cellulose acetate and starch blends and mixtures thereof.

Not shown is that the film layer 3 and / or the carrier layer 5 and / or the protective layer 8th is formed as a melamine layer / is and / or has melamine. The melamine layer may be at least partially transparent and / or translucent.

Furthermore, the layer 22 , the decorative layer 7 , Film layer 3 and / or carrier layer 5 and / or the protective layer 8th as a material a biopolymer-containing and / or a biopolymer, preferably a biodegradable material and / or a biogenic raw material, in particular a material of organic substances, preferably a plant and / or animal-based substance and / or raw material, in particular based on wood, Cellulose, lignin, starch, sugar, vegetable oil, chitin, casein, gelatin, crab shells, animal and / or vegetable proteins, fungi, insects, bacteria, zein and / or algae, and / or consist thereof.

Also further layers of the layer structure 1 may comprise a biopolymer-containing and / or biopolymeric material and / or consist of a biopolymer-containing and / or biopolymeric material. It can be at least one layer of the multilayered layer structure 1 as a biopolymer and / or biopolymer-containing layer 22 be educated.

The biopolymer-containing film layer 3 and / or the carrier layer 5 and / or the protective layer 8th may include polyvinyl alcohol (PVAL), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polycaprolactone (PCL), polyactides (PLA), bio-copolyesters, terpolyesters, bio-polyurethanes (Bio-PUR), bio-polyamides (Bio-PA), starch polymers, preferably thermoplastic starch (TPS), cellulose polymers, lignin, vegetable oil-based biopolymers such as rapeseed oil, castor oil, soybean oil and / or sunflower oil, chitin, chitosan, casein plastics (CS / CSF), gelatin, polyester, thermoplastic biopolyester, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), Polyethylene furanoate (PEF), polysaccharides (poly sugars), bio-based acids such as succinic acid and / or lactic acid, polyhydroxybutyric acid (PHB), polyamino acids and / or lipids.

In the 4 shown film layer 3 as biopolymer-containing and / or biopolymeric layer 22 is formed, has a layer thickness of 200 microns. In further embodiments, the film layer 3 and / or the biopolymer-containing and / or the biopolymer layer 22 have a layer thickness between 1 micron and 2500 microns.

Not shown is that the film layer 3 and / or the biopolymer layer 22 has a pigmentation and / or colored, preferably through-dyed and / or lacquered on the top and / or bottom.

The 11 shows in a partial exploded view different layers of the multilayer coating structure 1 , In addition, shows 11 that the protective layer 8th a color ink-receiving layer 11 or a color ink receiving layer 11 at the protective layer 8th is arranged. In the 10 is shown to be a color ink recording layer 11 on the metal layer 4 has been applied. Further, a color ink receiving layer may also be used 11 on the foil layer 3 , as in 12 be shown provided. The color ink-receiving layer 11 is producible by adhesion-promoting pretreatment and serves as an adhesion-promoting layer. In addition, the color ink-receiving layer on the biopolymer and / or biopolymer-containing layer 22 be provided.

The carrier layer 5 may include as pulp, natural fiber, synthetic fiber, plastic, in particular an elastomeric plastic and / or rubber, metal, wood, foam, wood-based materials, wood-plastic composites, such as wood-plastic composite (WPC), cork and / or linoleum and / or consist of. Furthermore, the carrier layer 5 as a plastic film, multilayer fiber composite material, preferably high pressure laminates (HPL), low pressure laminates (LPL), direct pressure laminates (DPL), continuous pressure laminates (CPL) and / or decorative laminate (DKS), paper, cardboard, fleece, textile , preferably a woven, knitted and / or felt, stone-based, porcelain stoneware-based, mineral, ceramic, cement-based and / or gypsum-based substrate and / or glass and / or be designed as a glass-based material.

The protective layer shown in the illustrated embodiments 8th may comprise a thermoplastic and / or elastomeric plastic material. The protective layer 8th may preferably be polyurethane (PUR), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP) and / or polyethylene (PE), in particular be formed as a coating of the aforementioned materials.

In further embodiments, it is provided that the protective layer 8th a water-miscible and / or a water-thinnable, preferably transparent, polyurethane (PUR) paint, an acrylate paint, an elastic paint, a polyester paint, an electron beam hardened paint (ESH paint), a Alkydharzlack, a dispersion varnish, an acrylic polymer-containing paint , a high solid varnish, a phenol varnish, a urea varnish, a melamine varnish, a polyester varnish, a polystyrene varnish, a polyvinyl varnish, a polyurethane varnish, a powder varnish, a silicone varnish, a biopolymer varnish, a varnish containing synthetic polymers, and / or has a cellulose nitrate lacquer.

Furthermore, the polyurethane varnish of the protective layer 8th Have additives selected from the group of polyurethane dispersion, silica, water, glycol ethers, heterocyclic kethones and additives and mixtures thereof.

In the illustrated embodiments, it is not shown that the film layer 3 , the protective layer 8th , the biopolymer-containing and / or the biopolymer layer 22 and / or metal layer 4 may have a textured surface. The structured surface may be obtained by a mechanical surface treatment, in particular polishing, sandblasting, satin finishing, glass bead blasting, grinding milling, drilling, scribing, brushing, lasering, engraving, laser engraving and / or embossing, and / or by a chemical surface treatment, in particular etching, patination and / or coloring, be produced.

Consequently, it is also not shown that the structured surface of the metal layer 4 , the protective layer 8th , the biopolymer-containing and / or biopolymeric layer 22 , the carrier layer 5 and / or the film layer 3 at least partially, at least substantially synchronously with the decor of the decorative layer 7 is designed in the manner of a synchronous pore. The structurings are preferably the decoration of the multilayered layer structure 1 customized. The structured surface may have a layer thickness of 0.01 mm to 10 mm.

The multi-layered layer structure 1 may be for the modification and / or improvement of the electrical, thermal, barrier and / or chemical properties and / or sun protection and / or fire protection (flame retardancy) and / or for shielding electrical, magnetic, electromagnetic fields for the element 2 be used.

It is understood that the layer structure 1 according to the illustrated embodiments, at least one biopolymer-containing and / or biopolymeric layer 22 having. As a biopolymer-containing and / or biopolymer layer 22 can the film layer 3 , the backing layer 5 , the protective layer 8th , the cushioning layer 9 and / or the tie layer 10 be provided. Also the color ink-receiving layer 11 , an insulation layer 19 and / or further layers of the multilayered layer structure 1 can be used as biopolymer-containing and / or biopolymeric layer 22 be formed and / or have a biopolymer-containing and / or biopolymeric material and / or consist thereof.

34 shows a biopolymer-containing and / or biopolymer layer 22 with a decorative layer 7 , which is partially formed.

35 shows in the layer structure 1 next to the shift 22 and the decorative layer 7 the protective layer 8th which may comprise a biopolymeric material. In the 2 apparent decorative layer 7 is formed over the entire surface.

In addition shows 30 a decorative foil 21 containing a film layer 3 and a full-surface decorative layer 7 having. In 33 is the decorative layer 7 the decorative foil 21 Partially formed. The foil layer 3 is as a biopolymer-containing layer 22 educated. Analogous to 35 is in 31 as a further layer the protective layer 8th shown. Also from 31 goes a decorative foil 21 out.

At the in 32 illustrated decorative film 21 is underside, the usage page 6 turned away, as the biopolymer-containing layer 22 formed film layer 3 a background layer 12 intended.

At the in 34 and 35 illustrated embodiments, it is provided that the layer 22 as at least partially transparent plastic film or plastic layer is formed.

Not shown is that the layer 22 is designed as a paper and / or as a support plate. One, preferably as a carrier plate 13 trained, shift 22 may have a layer thickness between 0.1 mm to 20 mm, preferably between 0.5 mm to 5 mm.

In the 35 shown layer 22 is elastic and flexible.

Incidentally, it is not shown that a method for producing a multilayer film structure 1 is provided according to one of the embodiments described above, wherein the decorative layer 7 directly and / or indirectly with the layer 22 firmly connected.

Furthermore, it is not shown that in one process step the metal layer 4 and / or the film layer 3 stuck with the layer 22 and / or the decorative layer 7 get connected. The foil layer 3 can as a layer 22 be educated.

In this process, the metal layer 4 by a metallic and / or metal-containing coating on the carrier layer 5 , in particular on the film layer 3 and / or the biopolymer-containing and / or biopolymeric layer 22 to be applied.

In a further step, not shown, the carrier layer 5 and / or the biopolymer and / or biopolymer-containing layer 22 , preferably the film layer 3 , to form the metal layer 4 be painted with a metallic and / or metal-containing material, printed and / or metallized. Inkjet, offset, gravure, flexo, screen and / or 3D printing and / or microcontact and / or rotary coating are provided as printing processes.

In an alternative embodiment of the method step, it is provided that the metal layer 4 by galvanization on the carrier layer 5 and / or the layer 22 is applied.

Another alternative provides that the metal-containing coating of the metal layer 4 by means of thermal spraying, such as wire flame spraying, powder flame spraying, arc spraying, plasma spraying and / or high-velocity flame spraying (HVOF). Further, the metal-containing coating of the metal layer 4 by vacuum coating, preferably vacuum evaporation, plasma coating, Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) and / or Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) can be applied.

The individual layers of the multilayer coating structure 1 can be bonded together by lamination, coextrusion and / or lamination. In particular, a roller laminating method and / or laminating method can be provided.

In the 10 on the upper side of the multilayer coating structure 1 applied protective layer 8th can be applied by means of painting, impregnation, lamination and / or film coating. In addition, the protective layer 8th on the decorative layer 7 , as in 10 shown on the metal layer 4 , as in 3 shown, and / or on the film layer 3 , as in 12 shown to be applied.

Not shown is that the protective layer 8th can be dried after application. Drying can be done by heat and / or infrared radiation. Also not shown is that the protective layer 8th is crosslinked after application. For crosslinking, a hardness component, in particular a two-component aqueous coating, ultraviolet radiation and / or electron beam curing and / or heat can be used.

The decorative layer shown in the illustrated embodiments 7 can on the layer 22 , the film layer 3 , the protective layer 8th and / or the metal layer 4 be applied, by full-area or partial area printing or coating the film layer 3 , the protective layer 8th and / or the metal layer 4 ,

Furthermore, the decorative layer 7 be applied as a coating, in particular by means of a coating process and / or printing process, in particular in rotogravure, screen printing, anodized printing, offset printing, flexographic printing, 3D printing, digital printing, transfer printing, preferably thermal transfer printing, sublimation printing and / or direct printing, and / or by means of an embossing film, preferably by hot stamping foils and / or cold stamping foils.

Furthermore, it is not shown that the protective layer 8th , the film layer 3 and / or the metal layer 4 be subjected to a mechanical surface treatment. As a mechanical surface treatment may be provided polishing, sandblasting, satinizing, glass bead blasting, grinding, milling, drilling, scribing, brushing, lasers, engraving, laser engraving and / or embossing.

In addition, it is not shown that the metal layer 4 subjected to a chemical surface treatment and / or a patination and / or a coloring. As a chemical surface treatment, etching may be provided.

Incidentally, it is not shown that the metal layer 4 has been demetallized at least in some areas, so that has been removed in some areas so.

The foil layer 3 and / or the biopolymer-containing and / or biopolymeric layer 22 can be made by extrusion, casting, calendering and / or blow molding.

To form the color ink receiving layer 11 can the layer 22 , the film layer 3 , the backing layer 5 and / or the protective layer 8th and / or the metal layer 4 pretreated before printing and / or coating with a corona treatment, flame treatment, plasma treatment and / or fluorination.

In a further process step, not shown, it is provided that the film layer 3 and / or the at least single-layer protective layer 8th on the metal layer 4 and / or the at least single-layer protective layer 8th on the foil layer 3 extruded and / or laminated. As laminating lacquer, glue and / or lacquer wax can be used.

In 10 is an element in schematic partial exploded view 2 shown. The element 2 has a multilayer layer structure 1 and an at least single-layer underground layer 12 on. The element 2 is used as a floor, wall, ceiling, furniture, decoration, interior finishing element, preferably ledge, profile, edge, door and / or window element, facade, wallpaper, car interior, car Exterior and / or outdoor decking used.

The background layer 12 can be a carrier plate 13 , such as in 24 shown, have. The carrier plate 13 can be used as a gypsum fiberboard, rendering substrate, OSB chipboard, High Density Fiberboard (HDF), Perfluorocarbonone (PFC) plate, Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF) Particleboard and / or a Wood-Plastic Composite (WPC) sheet, and / or High Pressure Laminate (HPL), Continuous Press Laminate (CPL), Low Pressure Laminate (LPL), Direct Pressure Laminate (DPL ), decorative laminate (DKS), stone-based, porcelain stoneware, mineral, ceramic, cement-based and / or gypsum-based undercoat 12 be educated.

In further embodiments, the carrier plate 5 a, preferably elastic, plastic material, in particular polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethane (PUR), polyethylene (PE), polyester (PC), in particular polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and / or polypropylene (PP), a natural fiber-reinforced plastic (NFP), perfluorocarbons ( PFC), acrylate, linoleum, rubber, an elastomer, cork, a polyolefin, a chlorine-free plastic, solid wood, wood-based materials, a compact laminate and / or metal, in particular a metal sheet, and / or consist thereof.

At the in 17 illustrated embodiment, it is provided that the background layer 12 firmly with the multilayer coating structure 1 is connected, in the illustrated embodiment, the multilayer layer structure 1 with the background layer 12 bonded.

The layer 22 , the film layer 3 , the backing layer 5 and / or the protective layer 8th , the underground layer 12 , the middle class 14 and / or the carrier plate 13 may be a, preferably transparent, color ink receptive layer 11 and / or have an adhesion-promoting layer. The color ink-receiving layer 11 and / or the adhesion-promoting layer can be produced by a pretreatment.

In addition shows 17 that the underground layer 12 a middle class 14 having. The middle class 14 may comprise a plastic-containing and / or mineral material. The material may be polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethane (PUR), linoleum, an elastomer, cork, a polyolefin, a chlorine-free plastic, acrylate, a foam, rubber, a mineral material and / or a mineral mixture may be provided. Furthermore, the in 19 illustrated middle class 14 a high-density fiberboard (HDF), a medium density fiberboard (MDF), a high pressure laminate (HPL) plate, a continuous pressure laminate (CPL) plate, a chipboard, a compact laminate (DKS), preferably polyethylene ( PE), low pressure laminates (LPL), direct pressure laminates (DPL), metal, wood plastic composite (WPC), a wood material, solid wood, glass, paper and / or cardboard.

Further shows 17 that the underground layer 12 a reinforcing layer 15 having. The reinforcing layer 15 is in the in 17 illustrated embodiment, the lower side of the middle layer 14 , the usage page 6 turned away, applied. The reinforcing layer 15 may comprise jute and / or a Glasfaserarmierung.

The background layer 12 , the support plate 13 and / or the middle class 14 may comprise and / or consist of a biopolymer-containing and / or biopolymeric material.

Next shows the 17 that the underground layer 12 on the bottom, the usage page 6 turned away, a back layer 16 having. The backsheet 16 is below the reinforcing layer in the illustrated embodiment 15 arranged. The backsheet 16 may comprise a plastic material, in particular polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethane (PUR), linoleum, an elastomer, cork, a polyolefin and / or a chlorine-free plastic. In further embodiments, not shown, it can be provided that the back layer 16 a metallic material, in particular a metal foil, cork and / or glass.

24 shows that the carrier plate 13 on the edge sides 17 locking contours 18 having. Not shown is that on the edge sides 17 of the element 2 locking contours 18 are provided. The in the 24 Locking contours shown 18 on the edge sides 17 correspond to each other, in such a way that the locking contours 18 from opposite edge sides 17 are formed complementary to each other. In the 24 to 26 illustrated locking contours 18 are designed as a tongue and groove connection. The 25 and 26 show a cross-sectional view of the carrier plate 13 with the locking contours 18 , The locking contours 18 are formed such that, when a plurality of carrier plates 13 interconnected, a full-surface and continuous covering can be achieved.

Finally, it does not show that a method of making the element 2 is provided, in which the multilayer coating structure 1 with the background layer 12 is connected. For the connection, a pressing, laminating, gluing and / or laminating, in particular by means of a roller laminating method and / or a Flächenkaschierverfahrens be provided.

To form the color ink receiving layer 11 and / or to improve adhesion, the layer may 22 , the film layer 3 , the backing layer 5 and / or the protective layer 8th , the underground layer 12 , the middle class 14 and / or the carrier plate 13 pretreated before printing and / or coating with a corona treatment, flame treatment, plasma treatment and / or fluorination.

For the following embodiments, it is understood that at least one layer, such as the film layer 3 , the backing layer 5 , the protective layer 8th , the connecting layer 10 and / or the cushioning layer 9 , in the multi-layered layer construction 1 as a biopolymer-containing and / or biopolymer layer 22 is trained.

8th shows the layer structure according to the invention 1 , which schematically shows that the film layer 3 together with the metal layer 4 , the decorative foil 7 and the tie layer 10 can be produced as a prefabricated composite layer or composite film. Subsequently, a lamination on a carrier layer 5 respectively. The preferred thickness of the composite layer is between 1 μm and 2500 μm. In principle, the composite layer can be applied to any suitable carrier layer 5 and / or any surface, in particular underground layer 12 to be applied.

In prefabrication, the layers of the precompound layer are joined together, in particular by laminating with a roll laminating machine (thermo-laminating or wet-dry laminating), laminating, thermal bonding and / or gluing and / or heat-bonding or direct thermal joining. Also, the use of a double-sided adhesive film as a tie layer is possible. In addition, plastic films in the layer structure 1 used in the form of a molten plastic and in particular a molten polymer to form a protective layer 8th be applied, for example by calendering or pouring. The connection to the carrier layer 5 can be done with different methods - for example, surface lamination on a Flächenkaschieranlage.

The connection layer 10 serves as a primer layer or self-adhesive layer for connection to the carrier layer 5 , The connection layer 10 can also take on other functions - for example, as a leveling layer of unevenness of the carrier layer 5 , Especially when using a wooden plate as a carrier layer 5 may be the roughness, irregularity or unevenness of the backing layer 5 through the composite film or the upper layer structure 1 "Telegraphing". In addition, the connection layer 10 also a protective function for the metal layer 4 in order to protect them from moisture and mechanical stress in the manufacturing process, in particular from damage to the metal layer 4 through scratches. In addition, the link layer 10 also take a damping function, for example, to improve the acoustic properties of the surface, in particular the impact sound in floor coverings. The connection layer 10 can also serve as an adapter layer to a specific carrier layer 5 be formed, for example, as Melaminbeharztes paper for pressing on wood materials in a short-cycle press and / or paper and / or nonwoven layer, in particular before bonding with paste on a plaster surface. In the formation of the metal layer 4 as metal sheet or metal foil is a use of metal adhesives as a bonding layer 10 for connection to the carrier layer 5 technically advantageous.

In the 8th shown embodiment of the multilayered layer structure 1 is in particular for the application of wallpaper, decorative papers, decorative film and edge material in the form of a prefabricated composite film or for lamination on any support layer 5 intended.

Another area of application is the production of printed decorative papers or foils, finish foils (finished finished surfaces) and melamine foils for the wood-based panel and furniture industry with the application of floor coverings (wall, floor, ceiling), furniture, interior fittings and caravans. In the 8th shown film layer 3 is at least partially transparent, so that the underlying metal layer 4 from outside at least partially from the user side 6 by a user without optical aids, so with the naked eye is visually visible. The decorative layer 7 is interrupted or partially formed. The decorative layer 7 can be both opaque and translucent. 9 shows the after application to the carrier layer 5 obtained layer structure 1 ,

10 shows schematically the structure of the element 2 in the manner of a partial exploded view. The layer structure 1 has a broken decorative layer 7 on top of the metal layer 4 has been printed. For printing the metal layer 4 is a color ink-receiving layer 11 in the form of a pressure-receiving layer on top of the metal layer 4 , the usage page 6 facing, provided. According to the in 10 Shown embodiment is a metallization of the film layer 3 intended. Alternatively, it would also be conceivable to use a metallized paper, in which case a carrier layer formed as paper 5 the metal layer 4 would have been applied. In the 10 embodiment shown is for the application of wallpaper, decorative papers, decorative films and edge material in the form of a prefabricated composite film for lamination on any support layer 5 or underground layer 12 intended. Not shown is that on the metal layer 4 a translucent colored lacquer layer as a protective layer 8th may be provided to change the color of the metal. Next is not shown that the metal layer 4 also below the film layer 3 can be provided. The multi-layered layer structure 1 Can on a background layer 12 be applied.

Further shows 11 the arrangement of a partially interrupted and optionally translucent decorative layer 7 as a printed layer on the usage page 6 facing top of a protective layer 8th , To better illustrate the individual layers, these are shown partially exploded in the manner of an exploded view. In the 11 embodiment shown is particularly for the application of wallpaper, decorative paper, decorative films and edge material in the form of a prefabricated composite film for lamination to any support layer 5 or underground layer 12 intended. Not shown is that on the metal layer 4 a translucent, pigmented lacquer layer as a protective layer 8th may be applied to change the color of the metal. In principle, the metallized film layer 3 be used so that the metallized side of the film is both top side and bottom side - which in the 11 not shown.

For printing, the protective layer 8th a color ink-receiving layer 11 which has been produced by a pretreatment. The color ink-receiving layer 11 allows printing of the protective layer 8th , Further, the color ink receiving layer serves 11 as an adhesion-promoting layer. Optionally, the protective layer 8th dyed and / or pigmented and formed as a plastic film, in particular as a transparent printing film of polypropylene, PVC and / or PET. By lamination, the layer structure 1 on the underground layer 12 for the formation of the element 2 be applied.

In addition shows 12 the arrangement of the partially interrupted decorative layer 7 on the foil layer 3 , In the in 12 embodiment shown is provided to form the printed image mirrored. For better understanding of the layer structure 1 are single, related layers shown exploded. In the 12 embodiment shown is suitable for the application of wallpaper, decorative paper, decorative films and edge material in the form of a prefabricated composite film for lamination on a substrate layer 12 and / or a carrier layer 5 , It is not shown that on the metal layer 4 a, preferably translucent colored, varnish layer as a protective layer 8th may be applied to change the color of the metal. Basically, the metal layer 4 also on the upper side of the film layer 3 , the usage page 6 facing, be applied. The uppermost layer of the upper protective layer 8th is designed as a transparent surface finish, which has another layer on the underside. The foil layer 3 may be formed as a transparent plastic layer, for example as a transparent printing film, in particular comprising polypropylene, PVC and / or PET. The color ink-receiving layer 11 serves as an adhesion-promoting layer. The decorative layer 7 is on the underside of the foil layer 3 printed. Another film layer 3 , which is designed as a transparent or transparent colored or pigmented plastic film, serves as a carrier layer 5 for the metal layer 4 , The foil layer 3 to which the metal layer 4 may have a plastic, such as polypropylene, PET, PETP, PVC, PEN, PEEK, PE and / or PI. As a material of the metal layer 4 is in the in 12 illustrated embodiment provided aluminum, the underside of the film layer 3 has been applied. Another protective layer 8th is provided on the underside of the metal layer and is formed as a paint or plastic film layer. The layer structure 1 can on the underground layer 12 be laminated.

13 shows a multi-layered layer structure 1 , which is intended for use as a flexible furniture and / or covering film, that is to use for a furniture and / or covering element for the floor, the wall or the ceiling. At the in 13 the embodiment shown is the metal layer 4 on the bottom, the usage page 6 turned away, on the carrier layer 5 applied. As a carrier layer 5 it is possible to use a transparent PP film and / or PET film which is optionally colored and / or pigmented. As a result, different metal tones can be achieved. The use of a transparent and / or translucent carrier layer 5 offers the advantage that the film side - if the carrier layer 5 is designed as a film - as a wear layer, protective layer 8th and / or pressure layer and protects the metallization from abrasion and moisture, as the metal layer 4 on the back of the carrier layer formed as a film 5 located.

The broken decorative layer 7 can directly onto the film surface of the carrier layer 5 printed with a pressure in the in 13 illustrated embodiment on a trained as an adhesion-promoting layer ink-ink-receiving layer 11 is provided. To protect the metal layer 4 is a protective layer 8th on the bottom, the usage page 6 turned away, provided. The protective layer 8th may be in the form of a paint, film coating and / or lamination. Furthermore, the protective layer causes 8th the compensation of unevenness of the background layer 12 , especially the surface of an HDF or MDF board. The protective layer 8th Can also be used as a cushioning layer 9 be educated.

So basically the finest bumps in the microsection on the surface of the background layer can 12 on the composite film, that is by the multi-layered layer structure 1 , by telegraphing, so that the bumps also on the use side 6 of the layer structure 1 are visually recognizable. This can lead to unwanted optical impairments, such as the orange peel effect. To counteract this, one can be used as a damping layer 9 trained protective layer 8th be provided. As a top-side film layer 3 - Which forms the wear layer in this case - may be provided as a transparent single- or multi-layer upper layer, a thermoplastic wear layer. Advantageous materials for the film layer 3 would be in the in 13 shown embodiment TPU, PET and / or PP and / or a molten polymer layer, in particular PP and / or PE and / or polyolefins. A molten polymer layer offers the advantage that, if the plastic has not yet hardened, a surface structure can be embossed into the surface by means of an embossing calender, for example a woodpore or brush structure. The layer thickness of the multilayer coating structure 1 is in the in 13 illustrated embodiment between 350 microns to 500 microns. The layer thickness of the film layer 3 is between 200 to 500 microns.

Particularly environmentally friendly is the use of PET, PP, PE polyolefins, TPU and / or PET as a material for the film layer formed as a plastic film 3 because these plastics contain no PVC, chlorine or plasticizers or other pollutants.

Not shown is that the metal layer 4 also on the upper side, the use page 6 facing, on the carrier layer 5 can be arranged. The carrier layer 5 can be used specifically for the achievement of design effects and / or be provided on the underside and / or top side with a surface structure, in particular a brush structure and / or embossed structure, preferably in the manner of a Holzporen- and / or stone structure.

1. a) Es ist möglich, die Folienschicht 3 als transluzent eingefärbte und/oder pigmentierte Kunststofffolie und als Trägerschicht 5 für die Aluminium-Metallisierung auszubilden. Die Folienschicht 3 kann auch eine Struktur zur Erzielung besonderer Effekte, vorzugsweise eine Bürstenstruktur oder eine Holzpore, aufweisen, die insbesondere ober- oder unterseitig der Folienschicht 3 angeordnet ist. Darüber hinaus kann auch die obere Schutzschicht 8 transluzent eingefärbt und/oder, vorzugsweise transluzent, pigmentiert und/oder, vorzugsweise transluzent, lackiert sein.
2. b) Es kann die zwischen der Folienschicht 3 und der Farb-Tinten-Aufnahmeschicht 11 eingefasste Schutzschicht 8 transluzent eingefärbt und insbesondere als, vorzugsweise transluzent, eingefärbte Lackierung ausgebildet sein.
3. c) Die zwischen der Dekorschicht 7 und der Farb-Tinten-Aufnahmeschicht 11 angeordnete Schutzschicht 8 kann das optische Erscheinungsbild des mehrlagigen Schichtaufbaus 1 beeinflussen, beispielsweise in dem die Schutzschicht 8 als eingefärbte, lasierende Bedruckung als Fonddruck ausgebildet ist. Die obere Schutzschicht 8 auf der Benutzungsseite 6 kann als einschichtige TPU-, PP- oder PET-Folie oder als geschmolzene Polymerschicht, insbesondere aufweisend PP und/oder PE und/oder Polyolefine, ausgebildet sein.
4. d) Die oberseitige Schutzschicht 8 kann eine Oberflächenstrukturierung, beispielsweise in Art einer Holzpore, aufweisen. Die gedruckte Dekorschicht 7 ist als teilflächige Schicht ausgebildet und kann in dem in 14 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel durch Tiefdruck oder Digitaldruck mit wasserbasierenden Druckfarben erzeugbar sein.

In 14 is another variant of a multi-layered layer structure 1 for use as a flexible panel, furniture and / or floor foil - that is a multi-layered layer structure 1 for use for a furniture and / or flooring element - shown. The in 14 illustrated embodiment, in principle, the following four options can be taken, based on a metallization with aluminum to form the metal layer 4 the color of the metal look too influence. In particular, as shades of gold, silver, stainless steel, titanium or copper to imitate optically. The possibilities can be combined with each other or used individually.

1. a) It is possible the film layer 3 as a translucently colored and / or pigmented plastic film and as a carrier layer 5 for aluminum metallization. The foil layer 3 may also have a structure for achieving special effects, preferably a brush structure or a wooden pore, in particular the top or bottom of the film layer 3 is arranged. In addition, the upper protective layer can also be used 8th be translucent colored and / or, preferably translucent, pigmented and / or, preferably translucent, painted.
2. b) It may be between the film layer 3 and the color ink receiving layer 11 enclosed protective layer 8th be colored translucent and in particular as, preferably translucent, colored paint.
3. c) The between the decorative layer 7 and the color ink receiving layer 11 arranged protective layer 8th can the visual appearance of the multilayer film structure 1 influence, for example, in which the protective layer 8th is designed as a colored, translucent printing as a base printing. The upper protective layer 8th on the usage page 6 may be formed as a single-layered TPU, PP or PET film or as a molten polymer layer, in particular comprising PP and / or PE and / or polyolefins.
4. d) The top-side protective layer 8th may have a surface structuring, for example in the manner of a wooden pore. The printed decorative layer 7 is formed as a part-surface layer and can in the in 14 illustrated embodiment can be generated by gravure or digital printing with water-based inks.

The foil layer 3 can as a carrier layer 5 for the metal layer 4 be formed, wherein the protective layer 8th a colored coating in the manner of a coating on the film layer 3 is. The foil layer 3 may have as material PP, PET, PETP, PVC, PEN, PEEK, PE and / or PI. The foil layer 3 can be used as a biopolymer-containing and / or biopolymer layer 22 be formed and / or have a biopolymer-containing and / or biopolymeric material.

Another possible formation of the layer structure 1 for use as a flexible panel, furniture and / or floor sheet - that is, a multi-layered layer structure for use for a furniture and / or covering element - is in 15 shown. The in 15 shown multilayer coating structure 1 is particularly economical to manufacture, since it consists at least essentially of two components. The metallization is on one side as a film layer 3 trained carrier layer 5 applied, leaving a bottom-side coating of the metal layer 4 can be omitted. As a protective layer 8th is a transparent layer or a translucent colored plastic film, in particular as a transparent printing film of PP, PVC, PET and / or TPU, provided. The protective layer 8th can have a color ink-receiving layer on the underside 11 have as adhesion-promoting layer. On the color ink receiving layer 11 is the decorative layer 7 applied at least partially or partially. In the in 15 illustrated embodiment, it is provided that the metal layer 4 by a metallization of the film layer 3 is formed with aluminum. As a film layer 3 For example, a transparent or colored plastic film, in particular comprising PP, PET, PETP, PVC, PEN, PEEK, PE and / or PI, may be provided. The plastic film may comprise and / or consist of a biopolymer-containing and / or biopolymeric material. For example, if the upper protective layer 8th as a film layer 3 is formed, can as a carrier layer 5 for the metal layer 4 also be provided a paper. The upper multilayer coating construction 1 can also be on a background layer 12 , In particular the furniture and / or Fußbelagselement be applied.

Also in 16 are the individual layers of the multilayer coating structure 1 partially separated from one another in the manner of a partial exploded view to the structure of the multilayered layer structure 1 better to clarify. In 16 is the structure of a multi-layered layer structure 1 intended for use for a wallpaper, decorative and / or furniture element. In particular, the in 16 illustrated layer structure 1 used for wallpapers, wallpaper borders and wall stickers, especially wall decals, as well as furniture surfaces and decorative films. Lower side of the layer structure 1 is a tie layer 10 intended. The connection layer 10 is in the illustrated embodiment as a back on the metal layer 4 coatable or laminatable paper or nonwoven layer provided. The connection layer 10 may be provided as a recording layer for the wallpaper paste and / or adhesive. The nonwoven layer may comprise a material mixture of long-fiber pulps and / or textile fibers and / or binders, preferably based on natural substances.

• Kunststofffolie, Papier, Vlies, Vlies auf Kunststoffbasis, Gewebe auf Natur-, Kunststoff- oder Glasbasis, Textilgewebe, alle Materialien vorzugsweise auf Basis natürlicher Materialien, vorteilhafterweise diffusionsoffen, damit eine atmungsaktive und feuchtigkeitsregulierende Wand- und/oder Deckenoberfläche entsteht, die das Raumklima verbessert.

In the formed as a paper layer connecting layer 10 the paper surface can be pasted and after a soaking phase of 3 to 5 minutes on a surface, especially the wall and / or or ceiling, to be glued. A nonwoven layer offers the advantage over a paper layer that the wallpaper web can be glued directly onto the wall and / or ceiling surface which is acted upon by the paste and / or adhesive. After the end of the useful life, the non-woven wallpaper can be completely removed without any problems, without the fleece leaving adhesive residues on the wall and / or the ceiling or the base surface. The nonwoven layer can accordingly significantly speed up the processing process. At the in 16 illustrated embodiment, the metal layer 4 by metallization in the PVD process and / or by the use of a thin real metal foil, preferably made of aluminum, or by a metallic finish. When metallizing in the PVD process are used as carrier layers 5 the following materials are possible:

• Plastic film, paper, nonwoven, nonwoven on plastic basis, fabric based on natural, plastic or glass, textile fabric, all materials preferably based on natural materials, advantageously permeable, so that a breathable and moisture-regulating wall and / or ceiling surface is created, which improves the indoor climate ,

Basically it is at the in 16 illustrated embodiment possible that the layer structure 1 is formed as an open-pored, diffusion-open layer structure, in particular in the form of open-pored materials, coatings and / or by micro-perforations of the layer structure 1 , Instead of a plastic film can for the carrier layer 5 Also fleeces or fabrics are used, in particular to achieve related design effects. In the in 16 illustrated embodiment, the metal layer 4 on the underside of the carrier layer 5 applied. In further embodiments, the metal layer 4 also on the upper side of the carrier layer 5 , the usage page 6 facing, have been applied.

• - Elastische Bodenbeläge und Bodenbeläge auf Basis thermoplastischer Polymere, Elastomere, Polyurethane und Linoleum.
  • - Elastische Belagsarten:
    • - Bodenbeläge aus Polyvinylchlorid (PVC):
  • - Homogene PVC-Bodenbeläge:
    • - einschichtige Beläge mit einer Materialzusammensetzung und Dessinierung und mehrschichtige Beläge mit ähnlicher Materialzusammensetzung, insbesondere hergestellt im Kalandrierverfahren.
  • - Heterogene PVC-Bodenbeläge:
    • - Hierunter sind mehrschichtige Beläge mit einer Nutzschicht und einer oder mehrerer Schichten der Dekor- und Stabilisierungseinlagen, gemeint. In Abweichung zu den einschichtigen Belägen werden für mehrschichtige Bodenbeläge mehrere dünne Folien - Rohfelle - in einer Dublieranlage thermisch miteinander verschweißt. insbesondere gilt dies für homogene und auch für heterogene Bodenbeläge. Dazu zählen auch Cushioned-Vinyl - CV-Beläge, das heißt geschäumte PVC-Bodenbeläge, wobei unter dem Dekordruck Schaumschichten angeordnet sind.
    • - Ein weiteres Verfahren zur Herstellung von heterogenen PVC-Belägen ist das Pressverfahren, wobei der Schichtverbund durch Druck und Hitze erzeugt wird (Hot-PressVerfahren). Dies dient zur Herstellung von leitfähigen Platten und Vliesen.
  • - Linoleum-Bodenbeläge
  • - Bodenbeläge aus Kautschuk und/oder Elastomerbeläge:
    • - Die eingesetzten Kunststoffe sind beispielsweise:
      • - Naturkautschuk (NR), Styrol-Butadien-Kautschuk (SBR), Nitril-Kautschuk (NBR)
  • - Roh- und Grundstoffe zur Herstellung von Bodenbelägen aus Kautschuk:
    • - Kautschuk (Synthese- und/oder Naturkautschuk)
    • - Mineralische, helle Füllstoffe
    • - Farbpigmente
    • - Vernetzungssystem aus Schwefel, Zinkoxid und/oder Vulkanisationsbeschleunigern
    • - Alterungsschutzmittel
    • - Verarbeitungshilfen (wie Fettsäuren, Wachse)
  • - Polyurethan-Bodenbeläge:
    • - Die Herstellung von Polyurethanbodenbelägen erfolgt über eine Polyadditionsreaktion unter Zuführung von petrochemischen oder biologisch gewonnenen Polyolen und Isocyanaten. Als Füllstoff wird in der Regel Kreide verwendet. Polyurethan-Bodenbeläge können als Bahnen oder Planken und Fliesen zur Verfügung gestellt werden. Unter dem Begriff Polyurethan-Bodenbeläge werden Bodenbeläge aus Polyurethan mit duroplastischen Eigenschaften zusammengefasst. Zu unterscheiden ist hier zwischen homogenen und heterogenen Bodenbelägen. Ein homogener Bodenbelag aus Polyurethan weist ein oder mehrere Schichten gleicher Zusammensetzung aus Polyurethan auf. Heterogene Bodenbeläge aus Polyurethan weisen eine Nutzschicht und andere kompakte Schichten aus Polyurethan auf, die sich in ihrer Zusammensetzung und/oder Design unterscheiden, wobei sie ein Dekor und Stabilisierungseinlagen enthalten können.
  • - Korkboden
    • - Lieferformen von Korkbelägen
      • - Platten auf Presskork-Rücken mit Polyvinylchlorid-Nutzschicht nach EN655 (Stand Juli 2018)
      • - Platten aus Presskork nach EN12104 (Stand Juli 2018)
  • - Synthetische Thermoplaste (Chlorfrei)
    • - Polyolefin-Beläge:
      • - Unter synthetischen Thermoplasten werden Bodenbeläge aus alternativen Kunststoffbelägen zusammengefasst, die nach DIN EN 14565 (Stand Juli 2018) hergestellt werden. Im Gegensatz zu Polyvinylchlorid werden die Rezepturbestandteile kalt vermischt und in Granulatoren zu verschiedenen Körnungen und/oder Granulaten verarbeitet. Die weitere Herstellung von Polyolefin-Bodenbelägen entspricht insbesondere der von PVC-Bodenbelägen.
    • - Chlorfreie Kunststoffe
    • - Flexplatten

An element 2 with a top multilayer layer construction 1 and a background layer 12 is for example in 17 shown. The multi-layered layer structure 1 can be applied to different substrates or underground layers 12 for the formation of the element 2 be applied. The following options are available:

• - Elastic floor coverings and floor coverings based on thermoplastic polymers, elastomers, polyurethanes and linoleum.
  • - Elastic covering types:
    • - Floor coverings made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC):
  • - Homogeneous PVC floor coverings:
    • - Single-layer coverings with a material composition and patterning and multilayer coverings with similar material composition, in particular produced in the calendering process.
  • - Heterogeneous PVC floor coverings:
    • - By this is meant multilayer coverings having a wear layer and one or more layers of the decorative and stabilizing inserts. In contrast to the single-layer coverings, several thin films - raw fur - are thermally welded together in a duplicating plant for multilayer floor coverings. This applies in particular to homogeneous and heterogeneous floor coverings. These include Cushioned Vinyl - CV coverings, ie foamed PVC floor coverings, where foam layers are arranged under the decor pressure.
    • - Another method for the production of heterogeneous PVC coverings is the pressing process, wherein the laminate is produced by pressure and heat (hot-pressing method). This is for the production of conductive plates and nonwovens.
  • - linoleum floor coverings
  • - Floor coverings of rubber and / or elastomeric coverings:
    • - The plastics used are, for example:
      • Natural rubber (NR), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), nitrile rubber (NBR)
  • - Raw materials and raw materials for the manufacture of rubber floor coverings:
    • - rubber (synthetic and / or natural rubber)
    • - Mineral, light fillers
    • - Color pigments
    • - Crosslinking system of sulfur, zinc oxide and / or vulcanization accelerators
    • - Anti-aging agent
    • - processing aids (such as fatty acids, waxes)
  • - Polyurethane floor coverings:
    • - The production of polyurethane floor coverings via a polyaddition reaction with supply of petrochemical or biologically derived polyols and isocyanates. The filler used is usually chalk. Polyurethane floor coverings can be provided as sheets or planks and tiles. Polyurethane floor coverings are polyurethane floor coverings with thermosetting properties summarized. A distinction must be made here between homogeneous and heterogeneous floor coverings. A homogeneous polyurethane floor covering has one or more layers of the same polyurethane composition. Heterogeneous polyurethane floor coverings have a wear layer and other compact polyurethane layers that differ in composition and / or design, and may include a trim and stabilizer inserts.
  • - cork floor
    • - Delivery forms of cork coverings
      • - Plates on press cork backing with polyvinyl chloride wear layer according to EN655 (as of July 2018)
      • - Plates made of pressed cork according to EN12104 (as of July 2018)
  • - Synthetic thermoplastics (chlorine-free)
    • - Polyolefin coverings:
      • - Synthetic thermoplastics are used to summarize floor coverings made of alternative plastic coverings DIN EN 14565 (As of July 2018). In contrast to polyvinyl chloride, the ingredients of the formulation are mixed cold and processed in granulators to different granulations and / or granules. The further production of polyolefin floor coverings corresponds in particular to PVC floor coverings.
    • - Chlorine-free plastics
    • - Flex plates

As far as "floor coverings" have been and will be described above and also, this also applies to other coverings, in particular wall and floor coverings.

It is understood that the layer structures 1 that in the 10 to 16 can be seen as the upper layer structure 1 on a background layer 12 to form an element 2 can be used. As underground layer 12 can be an elastic covering, see 17 , a semi-rigid floor panels, as in 18 can be seen, an aluminum sandwich plate, as in 19 shown, and / or a metal support plate, in particular according to 20 , be provided. In particular, the layer structures 1 also be combined with each other.

In 17 becomes a layered structure of the element 2 with a multilayer upper layer construction 1 shown. The element 2 is used as an elastic covering, preferably elastic floor covering. The total thickness or layer thickness of the entire elastic covering or element 2 is between 1 to 10 mm. It is shown that the layer structure 1 two reinforcing layers 15 having. These may also be optional in further embodiments. Upper side is a protective layer 8th provided, which may have a surface finish and a transparent single or multi-layer top layer as a wear layer, in particular based on PVC, PUR, polyolefins and / or chlorine-free plastics. Below the protective layer 8th is a printed film layer 3 provided, therefore, the underside of the partial area decorative layer 7 having. The foil layer 3 may include PVC, PUR, polyolefins, non-chlorine plastics and / or acrylates. The decorative layer 7 can be designed as a transparent printed decorative film. Below the decorative layer 8th is the metal layer 4 arranged. Below the metal layer 4 again, there is a lower-side cushioning layer 9 provided, which may comprise PVC, PUR, linoleum, rubber, elastomer, cork, polyolefins and / or chlorine-free plastics. A middle class 14 is between two reinforcing layers 15 edged. The background layer 12 of the element 2 gets through the reinforcing layers 15 , the middle class 14 and the backsheet 16 educated. The reinforcing layer 15 may have a glass fiber reinforcement and / or jute. As a middle class 14 a layer is provided which may comprise PUR, linoleum, rubber, elastomer, cork, polyolefins and / or chlorine-free plastics. Below the middle class 14 is in the in 17 illustrated embodiment again a reinforcing layer 15 intended. Lower side of the element 2 is finally a back layer 16 arranged. The backsheet 16 may include PVC, PUR, linoleum, rubber, elastomer, cork, polyolefins and / or chlorine-free plastics.

Incidentally, shows 18 an element 2 for use as floor panels as semi-rigid, decorative flooring in the form of a floorboard or tile with a multi-layered layer structure 1 , The multi-layered layer structure 1 has an abrasion-resistant cover layer in the form of a protective layer 8th on, which is also designed as a decorative cover layer. The element 2 has a carrier material in the form of a middle layer 14 as well as a back layer 16 trained return on. As a combination of the middle class 14 and the backsheet 16 come in at the 18 illustrated embodiment middle layers 14 based on wood, in particular HDF boards, with polymer coating (without coating systems) and / or a cork coating and / or a combination of a polymer and / or polymer composite base with polymer coating and / or polymer coating system, in particular as EPC (Expanded Polymer Core) and / or SPC (Solid Polymer Core), in particular produced by means of hot pressing, calendering and / or lamination. The total thickness of the element 2 is in the in 18 illustrated embodiment between 4 to 20 mm.

The in 18 construction shown is suitable for wall, ceiling panels, moldings, especially baseboards, ceiling strips, and profiles, interior components, furniture, doors and / or decorative panels and / or edge material. As a middle class 14 In one embodiment, a wood material is used. For facade panels will be a waterproof middle layer 14 , in particular a mineral material and / or HPL and / or CPL used. The upper protective layer 8th has a surface finish and a transparent single- or multi-layer as a wear layer, in particular PVC, PUR, TPU, polyolefins, chlorine-free plastics, acrylate, PP, PET and / or a melamine layer, in particular an overlay on. The upper protective layer 8th may comprise and / or consist of a biopolymer-containing and / or biopolymeric material.

At the in 18 illustrated embodiment, the underside of the surface finish is the film layer 3 intended. On the foil layer 3 is the decorative layer 7 , which is partially formed, printed. In addition, the metal layer 4 , which is formed for example as a metal foil, below the decorative layer 7 arranged. The damping layer 9 is the underside of the metal layer 4 and in particular comprises PVC, PUR, linoleum, WPC, rubber, elastomer, cork, polyolefins, acrylate, chlorine-free plastics, HPL and / or a compact laminate, in particular an ecological compact laminate. Furthermore, wood materials, MDF, HDF and / or base course 5 and / or solid wood of materials for the base course 5 possible. An ecological composite laminate can be understood as meaning a biocomposite material which consists of recycled kraft paper and biopolymer or has these components. The bio-resin is, for example, a sugarcane resin. It is obtained from the vegetable waste of sugar production, the bagasse. After curing, the bio-resin has thermosetting properties and forms a hard, mechanically high-strength, dimensionally stable composite material with the natural fiber.

For the middle class 14 can in the in 18 illustrated embodiment PVC, PUR, PE, PVC, NFK, linoleum, rubber, elastomer, cork, polyolefins, chlorine-free plastics, acrylate, mineral material, ceramic material, fine steel, HPL, CPL, compact laminate, especially ecological compact laminate, wood materials, MDF, HDF and / or solid wood. A mineral material is preferably understood to be a fiber cement, fiber concrete, polymer cement, polymer concrete, glass fiber cement and / or glass fiber concrete and optionally also gypsum-containing material, in particular plasterboard. Lower side of the middle class 14 is to form the background layer 12 a backsheet 16 intended. The backsheet 16 has in the illustrated embodiment, PVC, PUR, linoleum, rubber, elastomer, cork, polyolefins, chlorine-free plastics, foams, paper, a melamine layer, HPL and / or a layer of metallic material.

The 19 shows a further embodiment in which the layer structure 1 in panels, preferably as a floor covering, a Innenausbauelement, a wall, ceiling trim and furniture panel, strips, especially baseboards, ceiling strips and / or profiles, interior finishing elements, decorative panels, edge material and doors, facade displays and shields is used. In the illustrated embodiment, a plate of aluminum as a backing layer 16 with a carrier layer as middle layer 14 made of polyethylene or a mineral material and a multi-layered layer structure 1 with a metal layer 4 , In the illustrated embodiment, aluminum provided. The total layer thickness of the element 2 is between 2 to 15 mm. The top-side protective layer 8th is designed as a surface finish. Under the surface finish is the film layer 3 arranged, which acts in the present case as a wear layer and PVC, PUR, polyolefins, chlorine-free plastics, PP, PET and / or TPU comprises and / or consists thereof.

The decorative layer 7 becomes part of the film layer 3 printed. In an alternative embodiment, the decorative layer 7 at least part of the area on the metal layer 4 be printed. In the illustrated embodiment is as a metal layer 4 provided a metal foil having a thickness or a layer thickness of 0.2 to 0.6 mm. In other embodiments, an aluminum-metal foil may be provided.

The backsheet 16 has a metal foil or a metallic material with a layer thickness between 0.2 to 0.6 mm. In other embodiments, aluminum is provided as the material.

In the in 19 illustrated embodiment, the middle layer 14 - As previously mentioned - polyethylene or a mineral material. In further embodiments it can be provided that the middle layer 14 PVC, PUR, linoleum, rubber, elastomer, cork, polyolefins, chlorine-free plastics, HDF, acrylate, HPL, CPL, compact laminate and / or a mineral mixture.

Another embodiment of the multilayered layer structure 1 is in 20 shown. The in 20 shown layer structure 1 has a decorative surface on or from which the metallic material of the metal layer 4 is optically visible and / or visually recognizable. Over the metal layer 4 is a decorative layer 7 provided that partially formed and optionally transparent and / or translucent in some areas. Furthermore, above the decorative layer 7 a film layer 3 provided, which is also formed at least partially transparent and / or translucent. The metal layer 4 does not require a carrier layer 5 and also serves as a carrier of the entire layer structure 1 , In the 20 illustrated metal layer 4 has a layer thickness of 1 to 5 mm and also as a metallic material aluminum. Furthermore, below is the usage page 6 turned away, the metal layer 4 a damping layer 9 intended. The damping layer 9 is elastic.

The in 20 shown layer structure 1 can be used as a floor covering, wall and / or ceiling clothing, moldings, in particular baseboards, cover strips and profiles, interior finishing elements, furniture, facade decorative panels and / or edge material. The damping layer 9 may include as material PVC, PUR, linoleum, rubber, elastomer, cork, polyolefins, chlorine-free plastics, foam, paper, cardboard, an HPL and / or CPL-layer.

Further, in the in 1 illustrated embodiment provided that a carrier layer 5 made of HPL or CPL or compact laminate or ecological compact laminate. The in 21 illustrated layer structure 1 has a layer thickness between 0.1 to 10 mm. In further embodiments, it is provided that the total thickness is between 0.3 to 5 mm. The in 21 illustrated layer structure 1 is used for floor coverings, wall and ceiling coverings, moldings, in particular baseboards, ceiling strips and profiles, interior finishing elements, furniture, doors, facades, decorative panels and / or edge material.

Also at the in 21 layer structure shown 1 is provided that the surface of the metal layer 4 at least partially from the user side 6 is visually recognizable and / or translucent. Upper side is a foil layer 3 provided, which is at least partially transparent and / or translucent. Below the foil layer 3 is a decorative layer 7 provided on either the film layer 3 or the metal layer 4 has been printed. The metal layer 4 is on a carrier layer 5 arranged. Furthermore, below the carrier layer 5 a damping layer 9 is provided, which comprises as material PVC, PUR, linoleum, rubber, elastomer, cork, polyolefins, chlorine-free plastics, foam and / or paper and / or consists thereof.

Ultimately, it is understood that a plurality of protective layers 8th , Decorative layers 7 , Film layers 3 , Metal layers 4 , Damping layers 9 , Color ink pickup layers 11 and / or tie layers 10 in the layer structure 1 can be provided. In 21 is shown that two decorative layers 7 , three protective layers 8th and a film layer 3 in the structure of the layer structure 1 are integrated.

22 shows a composite film or a layer structure 1 with a two-sided printed decorative layer 7 for adhesive lamination for transparent carrier layers 5 made of glass or plastic.

In further embodiments it can be provided that for the arrangement of the decorative layer 7 respectively associated color ink receiving layers 11 are provided, either on the protective layer 8th and / or the film layer 3 and / or the tie layer 10 have been applied. The one between the first - starting from the use page 6 - decorative layer 7 and the film layer 3 arranged protective layer 8th can be formed as a translucent colored or transparent coating, in particular as a coating. The foil layer 3 is formed in the illustrated embodiment as a transparent or colored plastic film and serves as a carrier layer 5 for the metallized surface or the metal layer 4 , wherein the film layer 3 PP, PET, PETP, PVC, PEN, PEEK, PE and / or PI as a material. In particular, the film layer 3 a biopolymer-containing and / or biopolymeric material, in particular wherein also the protective layer 8th comprises and / or consists of a biopolymer-containing and / or biopolymeric material.

Below the metal layer 4 is another protective layer 8th provided, which is also designed as a translucent colored coating, in particular as a paint. The connection layer 10 is designed as a transparent adhesive coating. The layer structure 1 can also be a carrier plate 13 the background layer 12 for the formation of the element 2 be laminated on. The carrier plate 13 may be formed as a transparent material, in particular as glass and / or plastic. Through the layer structure 1 who in 22 is shown, two visual appearances can be achieved, namely, from the viewpoint of the user side 6 from the one and the other from the viewpoint of the user side 6 opposite bottom of the support plate 13 ,

Basically, it is understood that the structures of the layer structure described above 1 and / or the element 2 can also be combined with each other as desired. In addition to surface applications are also curved or three-dimensionally shaped surfaces with the layer structure 1 possible. Not shown is that too thermoplastic 3D composite film as a layer structure 1 can be produced, which is particularly suitable for use on membrane presses and membraneless thermoforming presses or on Flächenkaschier-, roll laminating and / or sheathing systems.

The use of a carrier plate 13 with locking contours 18 at one element 2 is in 23 shown. Not shown is that the carrier plate 13 on the edge locking contours 18 which has in the 24 to 26 are shown. The locking contours 18 are for locking with at least one similar plate or a similar element 2 provided, taking on the edge sides 17 of the element 2 , as in 24 shown, are provided. The in 23 illustrated multilayer coating structure 1 is on the top side on the carrier plate 13 applied and has a metal layer 4 on top of a backing 5 applied and top side by a film layer 3 is protected. At the back of the carrier plate 13 , the usage page 6 turned away, is a back layer 16 intended. The carrier plate 13 can be formed in one or more layers. The in the structure of the element 2 used carrier plate 13 is closer in the 24 to 26 shown the locking contours 18 demonstrate. 25 and 26 show the formation of a locking contour 18 on the long sides and the front sides. In the 25 and 26 is clearly visible on opposite edges 17 the locking contours 18 are formed complementary to each other, so that a secure connection or locking of juxtaposed elements 2 or carrier plates 13 can be guaranteed.

The locking contours 18 are groove and tongue-like designed in the manner of a push-button-like locking geometry, which is also referred to as click connection. By circumferential or on all sides 17 of the element 2 and the carrier plate 13 provided locking contours 18 can be a locking of two adjacent elements 2 be achieved in both the vertical and in the horizontal direction by latching. In particular, the shows 25 the long sides of the carrier plate 13 , where the 26 represents the front page or short side. The locking connection can be achieved by the spring side of the support plate 13 obliquely inserted into the groove geometry of a previously laid plate and swung down.

The locking connection of in 26 shown end face is achieved by a vertical locking from above. In principle, it is also conceivable, the carrier plate 13 square form.

This in 23 represented element 2 can be used as a floor, wall and / or ceiling panel or panels and / or furniture panel.

Not shown is that the background layer 12 in addition to the carrier plate 13 at least one reinforcing layer 15 can have. The illustrated carrier plate 13 is formed of an elastic material. Not shown is that a metallic material for the carrier plate 13 can be provided. The in the 25 and 26 illustrated locking contours 18 have a layer thickness of about 2 mm +/- 10%.

In the 24 illustrated carrier plate 13 has a layer thickness between 2 and 15 mm.

27 shows an embodiment of the layer structure 1 in which the metal layer 4 in the manner of a carrier plate 13 is trained. Not shown is that the metal layer 4 on the edge sides 17 of the layer structure 1 locking contours 18 having. The locking contours 18 are for locking with at least one similar layer structure 1 intended. In particular, the in 27 shown layer structure 1 directly as an element 2 be used and used as a floor, wall, ceiling plate and / or panels and / or furniture panel. Upper side of the metal layer 4 is an at least partially transparent and / or translucent film layer 3 intended. Furthermore, the underside of the metal layer 4 , the usage page 6 turned away, a back layer 16 arranged.

By using a metal layer 4 can the functional-technical properties of the metal layer 4 for the element 2 be used. In 28 is shown that the metal layer 4 is designed as a part-surface layer and also acts as a conductor. Between the tracks of the metal layer 4 can be a filling layer 20 be arranged. In addition, above, the usage page 6 facing, the metal layer 4 an insulation layer 19 arranged, which is in particular designed such that the unevenness, for example, by the part-surface metal layer 4 not on the usage page 6 emerge. The between the metal layer 4 arranged filling layer 20 can be produced as a coating with an insulating material, in particular plastic, and / or printing and / or painting. Furthermore, it is also possible in the plane of the part-surface metal layer 4 to apply a masked negative layer. The layer structure 1 can contribute to the formation of the element 2 on a background layer 12 , For example, a support plate 13 to be applied. The insulation layer 19 can be designed as a PP or PET film.

29 shows that also a plurality of metal layers 4 in the layer structure 1 can be integrated. In the embodiment shown here, the metal layers 4 entire area formed and electrically isolated from each other by the carrier layer. So it is conceivable, the top side, the use side 6 facing metal layer 4 negative-conducting and the further metal layer 4 to form positive leadership or vice versa. It is conceivable the carrier layer 5 on both sides with the metal layers 4 to coat. Furthermore, on the metal layers 4 one insulation layer each 19 arranged, which may be formed as a PP or PET film. In addition, the layer structure indicates 1 one, above the insulation layer 19 applied, decorative layer 7 on, the top side through a film layer 3 is protected. Through the at least two metal layers 4 , Which in this case assume the function of tracks, a plus and a negative pole of an electrical connection can be provided. The layer structure 1 can on the underground layer 12 be laminated. As a carrier layer 5 a PP or PET film may be provided.

In particular, the carrier layer 5 as a biopolymer-containing and / or biopolymer layer 22 formed and / or has a biopolymer-containing and / or biopolymeric material and / or consists thereof.

The in 1 layer structure shown is used to change and / or improvement of functional-technical properties and / or functions of the element 2 intended.

• - zur Ableitung von elektrostatischen Aufladungen und/oder
• - als elektrische Leiterbahn und/oder zur elektrischen Leitung und/oder
• - zur Abschirmung elektrischer, magnetischer und/oder elektromagnetischer Strahlung, und/oder
• - zum vorbeugenden Brandschutz, vorzugsweise zur Flammenhemmung, und/oder
• - zum Sonnenschutz und/oder zur Reflexion von Sonnenlicht, insbesondere im sichtbaren Wellenlängenbereichen, Infrarotbereich und/oder UV-Bereich, und/oder
• - zur Wärmedämmung und/oder
• - als Flächenheizelement und/oder
• - zum Wärmemanagement, insbesondere zur Ableitung und/oder Speicherung von Wärme, und/oder
• - zur herbiziden und/oder antimikrobiellen Wirkung des Elements und/oder
• - als Schutz vor Mikroben und/oder Herbiziden und/oder
• - zur photokatalytischen Selbstreinigung und/oder
• - zur Luftreinigung

vorgesehen sein. Je nach Einsatzzweck wird der Aufbau des mehrlagigen Schichtaufbaus 1 ausgewählt.The layer structure shown here 1 can

• - for the discharge of electrostatic charges and / or
• - As electrical conductor and / or for electrical conduction and / or
• - For shielding electrical, magnetic and / or electromagnetic radiation, and / or
• - For preventive fire protection, preferably for flame retardancy, and / or
• for sun protection and / or for reflection of sunlight, in particular in the visible wavelength ranges, infrared range and / or UV range, and / or
• - For thermal insulation and / or
• - As surface heating element and / or
• - For thermal management, in particular for the dissipation and / or storage of heat, and / or
• for herbicidal and / or antimicrobial action of the element and / or
• as protection against microbes and / or herbicides and / or
• for photocatalytic self-cleaning and / or
• - for air purification

be provided. Depending on the application, the structure of the multilayer coating structure 1 selected.

• - Schützen
• - Separieren
• - Stabilisieren
• - Leiten
• - Dichten und Abweisen
• - Heizen
• - Ableiten
• - Reinigen
• - Speichern
• - Isolieren.

In addition, in the embodiments according to 1 to 29 illustrated layer structure 1 to improve and / or guarantee at least one of the following technical functions of the element 2 be provided, namely

• - Protect
• - Separate
• - Stabilize
• - Conduct
• - Dense and reject
• - heating
• - Derive
• - Clean
• - To save
• - Isolate.

Not shown is that the multilayered layer structure 1 is formed diffusion-inhibiting or diffusion-tight and / or to prevent diffusion of liquids and / or gases through the element 2 is provided, in particular wherein the multilayer coating structure 1 is designed as a vapor barrier and / or barrier layer.

Furthermore, it is not shown that the multilayer layer structure 1 according to DIN 4102 (as of June 2018) is non-flammable or flame-retardant. In particular, the multilayered layer structure can 1 and / or the metal layer 4 the building material class A1 or A2 or B1 respectively.

In the illustrated embodiments, it is not shown that a grounding device for grounding with the multilayer layer structure 1 , in particular with the metal layer 4 is electrically connected, wherein the grounding device may in any case be formed such that electrostatic charges of the element 2 are derivable.

28 shows that a plurality of partial metal layers 4 each formed as an electrical conductor, wherein the metal layers 4 spaced apart from each other. The spacing to the decorative layer 7 is over an isolation layer 19 intended. 29 further shows that a plurality of separate full-surface of the metal layers 4 is provided.

In the 29 shown insulation layer 19 can be designed as a plastic film sin. The plastic film may comprise polypropylene (PP), polyamide (PA), and / or polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The plastic film and / or the insulation layer 19 can be used as a biopolymer-containing and / or biopolymer layer 22 be formed and / or have a biopolymer-containing and / or biopolymeric material.

Furthermore, the insulation layer 19 as a material, in particular based on synthetic and / or semisynthetic polymers, preferably elastomeric, thermoplastic and / or thermosetting plastic, in particular polyvinyl chloride (PVC), cast polyvinyl chloride, polyester (PES), polyester with a surface containing polyvinyl chloride, perfluorocarbons (PFC) , Polyurethane (PUR), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polypropylene (PP), natural fiber reinforced plastic (NFK), cast propylene (CPP), oriented propylene (OPP), biaxially oriented propylene (BOPP), polyetraflourethylene (PTFE), polyethylene (PE) , High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE), Polyamide (PA), Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET / PETP), Polystyrene (PS), Biaxially Oriented Polyester Film (BOPET), Polyactide (PLA, PDLA, PLLA and / or PDLLA ), Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polycarbonate (PC), polyestercarbonate (PEC), polyethersulfone (PES), polyimide (PI), polyarylates (PAR), unsaturated polyester resin (UP), cast alkyd resin film, cast acrylic resin layer, polyetherimides (PEI), polyether ketones (PAEK / PEEK), polyactide (PLA), cellulose acetate and / or starch blends. Particularly preferred is a biopolymer-containing and / or biopolymeric material for the insulating layer 19 ,

Not shown is that the metal layer 4 with a connection device of the element 2 electrically connected. The connecting device can in turn be electrically connected to an energy supply device, not shown, and / or an electrical consumer, not shown.

In the 28 illustrated electrical conductor may have as material aluminum, copper, gold and / or silver.

28 shows that at least partially in the open spaces of the part-surface and formed as a conductor metal layer 4 a filling layer 20 is arranged. The filling layer 20 may be plastic as a material and / or be produced by coating, printing and / or painting.

Not shown is that the filling layer 20 is formed as a separate coatable masked negative layer.

Incidentally, shows 29 that the metal layers 4 have different polarities and / or circuits.

Furthermore, it is not shown that the multilayer coating structure 1 an S _d value of less than 1500 m, preferably of less than 1000 m, more preferably between 0.01 to 500 m and in particular at least substantially between 0.01 to 100 m, and / or that the multilayer coating structure ( 1 ) has an S _d value of greater than 100 m, preferably greater than 500 m, more preferably greater than or equal to 800 m, preferably between 800 m to 5000 m.

Alternatively or additionally, it may be provided that the multilayered layer structure 1 a water vapor passage (W _DD value) of less than 2 g / m ² / 24h, preferably less than 1 g / m ² / 24h, more preferably between 0.1 g / m ² / 24h to 0.6 g / m ² / 24h, and / or has an oxygen passage of less than 2 cm ³ / m ² / 24h, preferably less than 1 cm ³ / m ² / 24h, more preferably between 0.1 cm ³ / m ² / 24h to 0 , 5 cm ³ / m ² / 24h.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

multilayer coating structure

2

element

3

film layer

4

metal layer

5

backing

6

using page

7

decorative layer

8th

protective layer

9

damping layer

10

link layer

11

Color ink receiving layer

12

Background layer

13

support plate

14

middle class

15

reinforcing layer

16

backing

17

edge side

18

locking contours

19

insulation layer

20

filling layer

21

decorative film

22

layer

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited non-patent literature

• DIN 4102 [0145]
• ISO 2556 [0167]
• ISO 15105/1 [0167]
• DIN EN 14565 [0367]

Claims (26)

Multi-layered layer structure (1) provided for use for an element (2) for use as a floor, wall, ceiling, furniture, decoration, interior finishing element, preferably strip, profile, edge, door and / or Window element, façade, wallpaper, car interior, car exterior and / or outdoor covering element with at least one biopolymer-containing and / or biopolymer layer (22) and at least one decorative layer (7). Multilayer layer construction after Claim 1 , characterized in that the decorative layer (7) is directly and / or indirectly fixedly connected to the layer (22). Multilayer layer construction after Claim 1 or 2 characterized in that, in particular on the upper side, facing the use side (6), on the layer (22) and / or the decorative layer (7) at least partially at least one at least single-layer protective layer (8), in particular a protective film and / or a protective coating, in particular a coating, impregnation, lamination and / or film coating, is arranged. Multi-layered layer structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the protective layer (8) and / or the decorative layer (7) comprises a biopolymer-containing and / or biopolymeric material and / or consists thereof. Multi-layered layer structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the layer (22) for forming the decorative layer (7) is at least partially printed, painted and / or coated on at least one side and / or that the decorative layer (7) a printing and / or Has coating and / or consists thereof. Multi-layered layer structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the biopolymer and / or the biopolymer-containing material of the layer (22), decorative layer (7) and / or protective layer (8) is a biodegradable material and / or a biogenic raw material, in particular a material of organic substances, preferably a plant and / or animal-based substance and / or raw material, in particular based on wood, cellulose, lignin, starch, sugar, vegetable oil, chitin, casein, gelatin, crab shells, animal and / or vegetable Proteins, fungi, insects, bacteria, zein and / or algae. Multilayer layer structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that layer (22), the decorative layer (7) and / or protective layer (8) polyvinyl alcohol (PVAL), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polycaprolactone (PCL), polyactides (PLA), Bio Copolyesters, terpolyesters, bio-polyurethanes (Bio-PUR), bio-polyamides (bio-PA), starch polymers, preferably thermoplastic starch (TPS), cellulosic polymers, lignin, vegetable oil-based biopolymers, such as rapeseed oil, castor oil, soybean oil and / or sunflower oil, Chitin, chitosan, casein plastics (CS / CSF), gelatin, polyester, thermoplastic biopolyester, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), polyethylene furanoate (PEF), polysaccharides (polyhydric sugars), bio-based acids such as succinic and / or lactic acid, polyhydroxybutyric acid ( PHB), polyamino acids and / or lipids and / or consists thereof. Multi-layered layer structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the layer (22) as, preferably transparent, plastic film layer and / or foil, as a paper and / or as a support plate (13) is formed. Multi-layered layer structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the layer (22) is elastic. Multi-layered layer structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the protective layer (8), the layer (22), the decorative layer (7) and / or the layer structure (1) at least partially transparent and / or translucent, in particular translucent, is formed , Multi-layered layer structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the layer (22) and / or the protective layer (8) has a pigmentation and / or at least on one side at least partially, preferably continuously, on and / or through-dyed and / or painted , Multi-layered layer structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, preferably formed as a plastic film layer and / or plastic film and / or paper, layer (22) has a layer thickness between 1 .mu.m to 2,500 .mu.m, preferably between 3 .mu.m to 500 .mu.m, on preferably between 5 .mu.m to 150 .mu.m, and / or that the layer (22) formed, preferably as a carrier plate (13), has a layer thickness of 0.1 mm to 20 mm, preferably of 0.3 mm to 10 mm, more preferred from 0.5 mm to 5 mm. Multi-layered layer structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the decorative layer (7) and / or the layer (22) is formed as a full-area and / or partially planar, preferably discontinuous, layer. Multilayer layer structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the, preferably printed, decorative layer (7) at least partially a decor based on the imitation of a material and / or texture, in particular a natural material and / or a natural texture, preferably based on a Wood, stone material and / or concrete, tile, ceramic, metal material and / or on the basis of a graphic and / or typographical elements having and / or photographic decoration. Multi-layered layer structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the outside of the multilayered layer structure (1), in particular on the underside, facing away from the use side (6), a bonding layer (10), in particular a melamine-resin-impregnated paper layer and / or one, preferably a polyacrylate adhesive provided, adhesive layer and / or a paper, nonwoven and / or fabric-containing layer is provided, in particular wherein the bonding layer (10) a balancing, protective, adhesive, adhesive, damping, connection and / or adapter function having. Element (2) for use as a floor, wall, ceiling, furniture, decoration, interior fitting element, preferably ledge, profile, edge, door and / or window element, façade, wallpaper, carcass Interior, car exterior and / or outdoor covering element with at least one multi-layered layer structure (1) according to one of the preceding claims and at least one at least single-layer substrate layer (12). Element after Claim 16 , characterized in that the background layer (12) has at least one carrier plate (13), in particular a gypsum plaster board, gypsum fiber board, a plaster base, chipboard (OSB chipboard), a high-density fiberboard (HDF board), a perfluorocarbon Plate (PFC plate), a medium density fiberboard (MDF board), chipboard and / or as high pressure laminates (HPL), direct pressure laminates (DPL), continuous press laminates (CPL), stone-based, porcelain stoneware-based, mineral, ceramic, cement-based, glass-based and / or gypsum-based substrate layer (12) is formed. Element after Claim 16 or 17 , characterized in that the carrier plate (13) a, preferably elastic, plastic material, in particular polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethane (PUR), polyethylene (PE), polyester, in particular polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and / or polypropylene (PP), natural fiber reinforced plastic (NFK), perfluorocarbons (PFC), acrylate, linoleum, rubber, an elastomer, cork, a polyolefin, a chlorine-free plastic, solid wood, wood materials, a compact laminate, metal, in particular sheet metal, and / or consists thereof. Element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the background layer (12) is firmly connected to the multilayer layer structure (1), in particular glued. Element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the background layer (12) has a middle layer (14), in particular wherein the middle layer (14) comprises a plastic-containing and / or mineral material, in particular wherein as material polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethane ( PUR), linoleum, an elastomer, cork, a polyolefin, a chlorine-free plastic, acrylate, a foam, rubber, a mineral material and / or a mineral mixture is provided. Element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the middle layer (14) comprises a high-density fiberboard (HDF board), a medium-density fiberboard (MDF board), chipboard, a high-pressure laminate board ( HPL board), direct pressure laminates (DPL), a continuous pressure laminate (CPL) board, a compact laminate, preferably polyethylene (PE), metal, wood-plastic composite (WPC), a wood material, solid wood, glass, Paper and / or cardboard and / or a glass-based material. Element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the background layer (12) and / or the carrier plate (13) and / or the middle layer (14) comprises and / or consists of a biopolymeric and / or biopolymer-containing material. Element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the layer (22), the protective layer (8), the background layer (12), the carrier plate (13) and / or the middle layer (14) one, preferably transparent, color inks Receiving layer (11) and / or an adhesion-promoting layer, in particular wherein the adhesion-promoting layer and / or the color ink-receiving layer (11) can be produced by an adhesion-promoting pretreatment. Element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the background layer (12), preferably upper and / or lower side of the middle layer (14), a reinforcing layer (15), in particular wherein the Reinforcing layer (15) jute and / or a Glasfaserarmierung has. Element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the background layer (12), in particular on the underside facing away from the use side (6), has a back layer (16), in particular wherein the back layer (16) comprises a plastic material, in particular polyvinyl chloride (PVC) , Polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyurethane (PUR), linoleum, an elastomer, cork, a polyolefin and / or a chlorine-free plastic, and / or wherein the backing layer (16) is a metallic material, in particular a metal foil, and / or glass has. Element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on at least one edge side, preferably on all edge sides, preferably mutually corresponding and / or on opposite edge sides complementary formed, preferably interlockable and / or connectable, locking contours (18) are provided, in particular wherein the locking contours (18) are formed as a tongue and groove connection.

Images