DE102018005880A1 - Use of a multi-layer structure - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the use of a multilayered layer structure (1) for an element (2) for use as a floor, wall, ceiling, furniture, decoration, interior construction element, preferably strip, profile, edge, door and / or window element, facade, wallpaper, car interior, car exterior and / or outdoor covering element with at least one decorative layer (7) and at least one metallic and / or metal-containing metal layer (4), the decorative layer (7) In particular, it is designed in such a way that the metal layer (4), in particular on the upper side, facing the user side (6), is visible at least in some areas, preferably optically recognizable and / or optically shining through.

Description

The invention relates to the use of a multi-layer structure.

In particular, the present invention relates to the technical field of producing metallic or metallic surfaces.

Metallic surfaces and / or surfaces that imitate the appearance of metal are preferably used in product design or industrial design. At present, metallic surfaces are known almost exclusively for furnishings, such as lights, and due to their characteristic properties they cannot be used for many other areas of application. From a formal aesthetic point of view, the metallic surfaces fulfill a high functionality and can significantly influence the overall appearance of a product. Metallic surfaces are therefore used in the field of design, especially architecture and interior design. Both a high-quality, noble appearance, for example through the imitation of gold, and a so-called industrial look or chic can be created. The "supposed" and / or imitated age of metallic surfaces can also be used to influence the visual appearance.

However, the use of metallic surfaces has a number of disadvantages and is therefore used comparatively rarely for various reasons. On the one hand, metallic surfaces are associated with high production costs, for example if real gold and / or a metal plate - with a concomitant high consumption of resources - is used for imitation gold. On the other hand, the weight of the products is greatly increased by the metallic surfaces. Accordingly, the use of metallic surfaces is limited with regard to the intended use.

In practice it is known to print surfaces with metallic inks, which have so-called metallic effect pigments and / or metallic pigments, in particular in rotogravure printing or digital printing. However, such a print is associated with high manufacturing costs and is otherwise difficult to handle. The metallic effect pigments sink downwards in the paint solution to be applied, so that mostly special agitators have to be used for homogeneous mixing. A constant stirring of the color solution is therefore very expensive.

Nevertheless, the formation of clumps cannot be avoided, so that clogging of various components of the printer is caused, for example clogging of the printheads in digital printing. Incidentally, it is also difficult to evenly print larger surfaces with the metallic inks, since stripes and clouds of the metallic effect pigments are usually present on the printed surface. Therefore, printing with metallic inks has a number of disadvantages. At the same time, such a pressure is also limited with regard to the appearance of the metal surface to be produced, since neither chrome nor gold or polished copper can be imitated sufficiently well. Printing with metallic colors or metallic colors creates a matt surface that is hardly visible after an overlay has been applied, for example. The printers have to be prepared for printing with metallic inks, whereby different replacement parts for the printer have to be kept for each metallic ink - these are the printing cylinders in gravure printing and the print heads in digital printing.

The object of the present invention is to avoid or at least substantially reduce the aforementioned disadvantages in the prior art. In addition, it is the object of the present invention to provide metallic surfaces on different carrier plates, which are diverse in their intended use, simple to use and manufacture and, moreover, are associated with low manufacturing costs.

The object of the present invention is achieved by the use of a multi-layer structure for an element for use as a floor, wall, ceiling, furniture, decoration, interior construction element, preferably molding, profile, edge, door and / or window element, facade, wallpaper, car interior, car exterior and / or outdoor covering element with at least one decorative layer and at least one metallic and / or metal-containing metal layer, the decorative layer being in particular such that the metal layer, in particular on the upper side, facing the user side, is visible at least in some areas, preferably optically recognizable and / or optically shining through, solved.

According to the invention, an outdoor covering element is understood to mean, in particular, a facade, glass surface, terrace covering and / or privacy screen element.

According to the invention, the multilayered layer structure can also be used for an element for use as a household appliance, display, sign, image, truck tarpaulin, body, sanitary object, lamp, electrical appliance, household object, clothing, jewelry, clock, lamp, carpet, switch, socket, awning, Curtain, roller shutters, blinds, packaging, mobile phone, cover for mobile phone and / or fireplace can be provided.

When the invention came about, it was surprisingly found that metallic surfaces can be produced with a decorative layer at low production costs. Such a metal layer, which interacts at least indirectly with a decorative layer, can be applied to at least one of the aforementioned elements. In this way, metallic surfaces can be provided on different elements with comparatively low production costs. These metallic surfaces can also have a polished surface and are not limited to matt appearances.

• Die sogenannte Finishfolie, die aus dem Möbel und Innenausbaubereich bekannt ist, ist vorzugsweise eine dekorative, insbesondere optional bedruckte, Folie auf Papier- und/oder Kunststoffbasis.
• Vorzugsweise weist die Finishfolie eine gebrauchsfertige Oberflächenschicht und/oder Schutzschicht auf und kann zur Weiterverarbeitung genutzt werden. Insbesondere kann die Finishfolie für Möbel-, Fußböden- und/oder Paneeloberflächen verwendet werden.
• Zudem kann die Finishfolie auch als Verbundfolie ausgebildet sein, insbesondere wobei die Finishfolie mehrere Schichten und/oder Folienschichten aufweist.
• Die Finishfolie wird vorzugsweise auf, insbesondere Holzwerkstoffe aufweisende, Trägerschichten und/oder -platten aufgebracht, insbesondere durch Kaschierung. Des Weiteren kann die Folienschicht auch auf bauseitige Platten und/oder Untergründe aufgebracht sein, insbesondere wobei rückseitig eine aufgebrachte Klebeausrüstung vorgesehen sein kann.

According to the invention, the multilayered layer structure can be provided in the manner of a composite and / or finish film for lamination on furniture and / or interior fittings and / or floor panels. A finish film is preferably understood to mean the following:

• The so-called finish film, which is known from the furniture and interior design sector, is preferably a decorative, in particular optionally printed, film based on paper and / or plastic.
• The finish film preferably has a ready-to-use surface layer and / or protective layer and can be used for further processing. In particular, the finish film can be used for furniture, floor and / or panel surfaces.
• In addition, the finish film can also be designed as a composite film, in particular where the finish film has a plurality of layers and / or film layers.
• The finish film is preferably applied to carrier layers and / or boards, in particular those made from wood materials, in particular by lamination. Furthermore, the film layer can also be applied to on-site plates and / or substrates, in particular with an applied adhesive equipment being provided on the back.

Furthermore, it can realistically recreate the film surface in all types of real wood optically and sometimes also haptically. It is also possible to design new creations for surface structures.
This opens up a multitude of design options in the area of design, in which metallic surfaces can be used. The metallic surface can be visible over the entire surface or at least in a partial area due to the multi-layer structure - for an outside observer with the naked eye. In a simple manner, the invention succeeds in providing elements with a metallic surface without having to apply the metal layer directly or directly to the elements. According to the invention, the metallic surface is applied to one of the aforementioned elements by applying the multilayered layer structure.

In comparison to painting with metallic colors in particular, there are a number of advantages. In this way, a uniform appearance of the metal layer can be achieved, specifically without streaks, cloud formation and / or lump formation. In addition, the optical appearance of the metal layer is not limited to certain metals or imitations of certain metals. According to the invention, the appearance of a large number of different metals can be ensured.

This creates a completely new design concept or a completely new possibility for the integration of metallic surfaces in different areas of the interior design, for example in the floor, wall and / or ceiling area. Thus, according to the invention, a floor covering element with a metallic surface can be provided which has a metal layer with a comparatively small layer height, which has preferably been applied directly to the film layer. According to the invention, it is therefore no longer necessary to lay metal plates for the (optical) production of a metallic floor.

According to the invention, metal optics can consequently be provided genuinely and authentically in the form or in the form of a, in particular flexible, decorative film which is also economical to produce. In particular, the multi-layer structure according to the invention is characterized by its high compatibility for further elements, preferably multi-layer modular and / or elastic floor coverings, furniture and / or interior finishing surfaces.

Both shiny and brushed metal surfaces can be provided, in particular shiny chrome, shiny gold, shiny copper, shiny rose copper, natural aluminum, brushed chrome, brushed stainless steel, brushed gold and / or brushed copper.

Furthermore, according to the invention, the material used of the metal can be very resource-saving, since in particular very thin layers are sufficient to achieve very good optical quality, as will be explained below.

Furthermore, the multi-layer structure is characterized by a very high light fastness has been increased or improved by up to 40% compared to a conventional plastic film. In addition, the multi-layer structure has very good temperature resistance, color consistency and water resistance. In this way, multi-layer build-ups with a metal layer can be made available with no or hardly visible optical deviations in different production batches. Even when stored in the water for more than 24 hours, there are preferably no visible changes at the cut edges of the multi-layer structure, so that the multi-layer structure can be made watertight.

So far, it has been customary, for example for floor coverings and / or furniture, each of which is a preferred field of application of the invention, to use a wood decor, since metallic surfaces can only be imitated with a very low color quality. According to the invention, an alternative can therefore be provided for imitation of the wood decor, preferably for floor coverings, furniture and / or interior fittings. As a result, a unique metallic materiality can be achieved, whereby trend decorations with a high attractiveness can be provided. The metal character can be authentically reproduced, since the metal layer has “real” metal - and not just imitates the appearance of metal. Nonetheless, the multi-layer structure is environmentally friendly with minimal use of resources.

It is particularly preferably provided that the multilayered layer structure has a film layer at least in regions, in particular the film layer is arranged directly on the decorative layer and / or the metal layer.

The aforementioned low production costs are based on the fact that a film layer with a very low procurement price can be used, which subsequently interacts at least indirectly with a metal layer, the metal layer being able to be distinguished by a very low material consumption.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, it is provided that the film layer is at least partially transparent and / or translucent, in particular translucent. Transparency is an optical property of a material, in this case the film layer. According to the invention, a transparent design is understood to mean such a design of the film layer that is permeable to electromagnetic waves. Electromagnetic waves can consequently be transmitted through the film layer, a high transmittance being provided, preferably a transmittance of greater than or equal to 0.9. According to the invention, the film layer is permeable to light from the spectral range of electromagnetic radiation (380 to 750 nm) visible to humans. The metal layer can be optically visible and / or recognizable through the film layer.

According to the invention, translucent means a partial light permeability of a body, in the present case the film layer. It is conceivable that a body is translucent, but not transparent, since it partially lets light through.

Accordingly, transparency is understood to mean image and / or gaze permeability, translucency being understood as translucency. The reciprocal property of translucency is opacity, that is, opacity. As a result, the film layer is not opaque, at least in some areas. A translucent film layer can in particular have a milky or whitish structure or appearance.

The film layer and / or the decorative layer is preferably designed in such a way that the metal layer is optically visible and / or recognizable at least in regions on the use side of the multilayered layer structure. In this way it can be achieved that the metallic surface can also be recognized from the outside, that is to say on the user side. In principle, it is also conceivable that the metal layer is visible on both sides - that is to say the user side and the side opposite the user side. Consequently, this can be used in a targeted manner to change the appearance of the metal layer, for example by overlaying it with the film layer that is at least partially transparent and / or translucent. Thus, according to the invention, the multilayered layer structure can have the metallic surface only in some areas and / or allow the metallic surface to shine through over the entire surface, optionally overlaid by the appearance of the film layer. In particular, a multitude of different optical design options for the multilayer layer structure can be achieved.

The transparent layers of the multi-layer protective layer without the metal layer, in particular the top layer, are preferably provided in a crystal-clear design so that the metallic effect comes into its own. However, it can also be provided that the aforementioned layers have a deliberately translucent coloring, for example a milky and / or whitish coloring. The metallic effect can also be influenced in this way, for example a chrome high-gloss surface can appear optically more matt due to a milky, whitish coloring.

In addition, it is provided in a further embodiment of the inventive concept that the metal layer is directly and / or indirectly firmly connected to the film layer and / or the decorative layer. A direct bond between the metal layer and the film layer and / or the decorative layer is understood to mean such a bond in which the metal layer is arranged directly above and / or below the film layer and / or the decorative layer. In the case of an indirect bond of the metal layer to the film layer and / or the decorative layer, further layers can also be enclosed between the metal layer and the film layer and / or the decorative layer, the metal layer being firmly connected to the film layer and / or the decorative layer via the further layers ,

The multilayered layer structure preferably has a carrier layer at least in regions, the metal layer being arranged directly and / or indirectly on the carrier layer. The metal layer can in particular be firmly, preferably inseparably, connected to the carrier layer. In addition, the metal layer can be provided on the top side, facing the user side, and / or on the underside on the carrier layer. The carrier layer ultimately serves as a carrier for the metal layer and, moreover, the carrier layer can also be directly and / or indirectly firmly connected to the film layer.

In a further preferred embodiment, the film layer is designed as a partial surface layer.

The film layer and / or the decorative layer is preferably designed as a carrier layer, so that the metal layer is further preferably arranged directly on the carrier layer designed as a film layer and / or decorative layer, in particular has been applied to the film layer and / or decorative layer. An inseparable and / or non-destructive detachable connection of the film layer and / or the decorative layer to the metal layer enables a compact arrangement of the multilayered layer structure, which is also flexible and / or elastic in the manner of a decorative film due to the flexible and / or elastic properties of the film layer can be trained. Accordingly, the multilayered layer structure can also be arranged on uneven surfaces of the element, without causing air pockets or folds in the multilayered layer structure.

The decorative layer, if appropriate in combination with the film layer, can influence the optical appearance of the multilayered layer structure at least in regions. The decorative layer can consequently be opaque at least in some areas and / or represent a decor.

It is particularly preferred, in particular on the upper side, facing the user side, on the film layer, the carrier layer, the decorative layer and / or the metal layer, at least in regions, that at least one at least one-layer protective layer is arranged. The protective layer can be designed as a protective film and / or as a protective coating, in particular as a lacquer, impregnation, lamination and / or film coating. In addition, the protective layer, the carrier layer and / or the film layer can be formed at least in some areas transparent and / or translucent, in particular translucent. The protective layer is preferably at least partially transparent and / or translucent in such a way that in at least one overlap area with the film layer the composite of the film layer and the protective layer is transparent and / or translucent, so that the metal layer, preferably arranged on the film layer, is formed in the transparent and / or translucent overlap areas on the user side.

As a result, the metal layer is recognizable at least in some areas on the user side. In addition, the protective layer, the carrier layer and / or the film layer can be pigmented and / or colored, preferably colored through, and / or coated on the top and / or bottom. Ultimately, the protective layer can also influence the optical appearance of the multi-layer structure, for example to achieve a decoration of the entire multi-layer structure or for the optical design and / or modification of the multi-layer structure.

In addition, the film layer can be designed as a protective layer. Accordingly, the metal layer is preferably arranged on a carrier layer, the film layer designed as a protective layer being arranged on the metal layer and / or the carrier layer, in particular on the top side facing the user side. The protective layer can protect the element and / or the metal layer from mechanical stresses. The protective layer acts as an upper wear layer with a high scratch and / or wear resistance and is also highly insensitive to fingerprints. Consequently, preferably no fingerprints appear on the multilayered layer structure.

The cleaning and maintenance of the multi-layer structure, which is arranged on an element, is very easy for the user, whereby cleaning and / or wiping strips can be reliably prevented. This is shown in particular as an advantage for use as a floor covering element or for coating the floor covering element. The high abrasion resistance of the multi-layer structure, which is provided by the protective layer ensures long use of the multi-layer structure.

According to a further embodiment of the inventive concept, it is provided that a plurality of at least single-layer protective layers are integrated in the multi-layer layer structure. For example, a protective layer on the upper side, facing the user side, can be provided on the multilayered layer structure. Additional protective layers can be integrated into the layer sequence of the multilayered layer structure, in particular with the protective layer being designed as a damping layer.

In the case of a damping layer, which is preferably designed as a plastic film, there is the advantage that unevenness in the carrier layer, for example a carrier plate, and / or a substrate does not become apparent on the use side of the multilayer layer structure. In addition, the protective layer designed as a damping layer can prevent unevenness from appearing on the surface of the element facing the multilayer layer structure - the use side of the element - after the multilayer layer structure has been applied. In practice, this marking is also referred to as "telegraphing" bumps. The damping layer consequently prevents such telegraphing.

In addition, protective layers in the form of a coating can also be provided between the layers, at least in regions, for example to influence the optical appearance of the multilayer layer structure and / or to seal or protect the, preferably partial, decorative layer. Furthermore, the protective layer can also be provided to protect the underside of the multilayered layer structure. Likewise, the protective layer can also be designed as protection for the metal layer, in particular the metallization, in particular in which case the protective layer is then in the form of a coating and / or plastic film layer or plastic film. A protective layer of the aforementioned type can be used, for example, to arrange the multilayered layer structure on the element.

Furthermore, the film layer can be printed at least in some areas. Such printing can preferably be provided to form the decorative layer, which has been applied at least in part to the film layer. The film layer is preferably transparent and / or translucent in the unprinted areas, which in particular are not covered by the decorative layer. The film layer, in particular the composite of the film layer and the decorative layer, can moreover be designed to be translucent in the printed areas.

The metal layer can thus preferably be overlaid with the decorative layer, the decorative layer being able to be translucent, in particular in such a way that the metal layer is optically visible at least in regions from the use side of the multilayered layer structure.

Alternatively or additionally, the metal layer can be printed, at least in regions, in particular to form the decorative layer. The film layer is preferably at least partially transparent and / or translucent; more preferably in those areas in which the printed metal layer and / or the unprinted metal layer should be optically recognizable from the outside, that is to say from the user side.

In particular, the decorative layer consists of printing and / or coating and / or has this. The decorative layer in the form of a coating can be in the form of a varnish, coating and / or film, in particular an adhesive film, preferably based on paper and / or plastic.

In a further preferred embodiment, the at least one decorative layer is provided on the user side of the layer structure and / or facing away from the film layer, the protective layer and / or the metal layer. Ultimately, it goes without saying that a plurality of decorative layers can also be integrated into the layer structure. The decorative layer can be produced by printing and / or coating the film layer, the protective layer, the carrier layer and / or the metal layer. In addition, the decorative layer can be designed as a full-area and / or partial-area, preferably interrupted, layer. A partial and / or interrupted design of the decorative layer allows the metal layer to be covered at least in some areas, in particular with the decorative layer being opaque in those areas. The optical appearance of the multilayered layer structure can thus be predetermined by the, in particular interrupted, decorative layer and the metal layer, which is preferably optically recognizable from the user side of the multilayered layer structure.

The decorative layer is preferably at least partially transparent and / or translucent, in particular translucent. As an alternative or in addition, the decorative layer can have a partial surface. The aforementioned embodiments can in particular be designed in such a way that the metal layer, in particular on the top side, faces the user side, at least is visible in certain areas, preferably optically recognizable and / or optically shining through. Accordingly, the decorative layer can be at least partially transparent and / or translucent in the case of a full-surface design as a layer, so that the metal layer, preferably provided on the underside of the decorative layer, can be seen on the outside from the user side.

In this context, it is particularly preferred that the, preferably printed, decorative layer, at least in some areas, is based on the imitation of a material and / or a texture, in particular a natural material and / or a natural texture, preferably based on a wood, stone material and / or Concrete, tile, ceramic, metal material and / or on the basis of a graphic and / or photographic and / or typographic elements and / or a natural and / or artificial patina texture decor. Consequently, in combination with the decorative layer, the metal layer can preferably specify the optical appearance and achieve textures or imitations of a material that cannot currently be used for the elements of the use according to the invention. A patina texture is understood to mean in particular a decorative layer with use, aging and / or weathering effects, in particular the so-called “vintage look” or “used look”. A patina texture can include scratch marks, scratch marks, damage, discoloration and / or flaking, which are particularly visible on a surface. An imitation of a patina surface based on a real model and / or an artificially, artistically, creatively and / or graphically generated patina texture can also be provided in the decorative print.

In tests which were carried out while the invention was being established, it was found that a metal layer made of polished and / or high-gloss chrome, copper and / or gold can be seen as a metallic layer even after the decorative layer has been printed on. This also applies in particular if the printing has been carried out with low ink opacity and / or color saturation. A matt metal surface can be achieved by printing. The high-gloss metal surface can be influenced by a translucent, glazing print in the degree of gloss, so that the finest nuances between the high-gloss and matt metal surface can be specifically adjusted. As a result, the visual and creative scope is greatly expanded. In particular, there is also a logistical advantage, since no additional matt metal types need to be kept in order to produce a matt metal surface. Even brushed metal surfaces can be imitated with a brush structure thanks to the decorative layer. Advantages result in particular from the translucent and / or printed decorative layer arranged above the metal layer, preferably on the transparent film layer designed as a plastic film. It was also found during the tests that the color yellow as a translucent printed layer, for example in background printing, in combination with a high-gloss chrome surface appears optically gold-metallic. Thus, the choice of colors and the coloring can be combined with one another in a targeted manner. Translucent printed colors can get a metallic, shiny appearance through the metal layer.

Consequently, in the use according to the invention, a known element can be refined in such a way that imitations which are currently unreachable, preferably metal imitations, can be produced. The visual appearance for the decor can also be achieved by the at least partially colored layers, in particular the film layer and / or the protective layer, in particular in combination with the decorative layer. An imitation of the aging of the metal layer can also be achieved in this way. For example, rust or traces of usage of the metal layer can be represented graphically by the aforementioned layers.

A connection layer is preferably provided on the outside of the multilayer layer structure, in particular on the underside, facing away from the user side. The connecting layer can be designed as a paper layer resinated with melamine resin and / or as an adhesive layer, which preferably has a polyacrylate adhesive, and / or as a layer comprising a paper, nonwoven and / or fabric. The connecting layer can be used for coupling or for connection to the element, preferably when the multilayered layer structure is laminated onto the element. Ultimately, it is also conceivable to design the multilayered layer structure as an adhesive film, it being possible for the adhesive function to be provided by the connecting layer.

Furthermore, the connecting layer can have a compensating, protective, adhesive, adhesive, damping, connecting and / or adapter function.

In particular, the metal layer can be designed as a metallization, as a metallic and / or metal-containing printing, painting and / or coating of the carrier layer, the film layer and / or the protective layer. Consequently, the metal layer is preferably applied to the carrier layer. Metallization is understood to mean the coating of a material, in this case the carrier plate, with a metal layer. In particular, plastic metallization is provided, and consequently a coating of a material Plastic with a layer of metal. The advantages of a metallization are the low weight of the metal layer, the insensitivity to corrosion, in particular in combination with a protective layer, and the provision of a decorative and possibly technical purpose. A coating with the metallic material can be achieved, for example, by electroplating, so that a metallic deposit (coating) can be produced on a substrate (carrier plate).

In a further embodiment of the inventive concept, the metal layer is at least partially transparent and / or translucent, in particular translucent. Through an at least partially transparent and / or translucent design of the metal layer, the surface of the element on which the multilayer layer structure is arranged or can be arranged can be optically visible and / or optically recognizable from the user side of the multilayer layer structure after application to the element , A transparent and / or translucent design of the metal layer can be achieved in particular when the support layer is metallized and / or printed.

In a further very particularly preferred embodiment, the metal layer is provided both on the top side, facing the user side, and on the underside of the carrier layer. In particular, different metal layers can be arranged on the carrier layer. A plurality of carrier layers and metal layers may be present. In particular, the metal layers can overlap, according to which different optical and design options are created. It is conceivable that an element is visible both on the user side and on the side opposite the user page. In addition, different technical properties can also be achieved by using different materials of the metal layer. By coating the carrier layer on both sides, the strength of the multilayered layer structure can also be increased.

The metallic coating of the metal layer can be applied by means of thermal spraying, preferably wire flame spraying, powder flame spraying, arc spraying, plasma spraying and / or high-speed flame spraying (HVOF), and / or by means of powder coating, in particular electrostatic powder coating (EPS), and / or by vortex sintering and / or by means of vacuum coating become. The metal-containing coating is preferably applied by means of a thin-film process. The abovementioned methods are distinguished by their high cost-effectiveness, in particular since the metal layer has a comparatively small layer thickness due to the abovementioned options for application, in particular in comparison to a metal plate and / or a metal sheet.

According to the invention, the metal layer can also be applied as a metal glaze, in particular on the carrier layer made of ceramic and / or porcelain stoneware.

In addition, the adhesive strength or cohesion of the metal layer and / or the multilayered layer structure can be influenced in a targeted manner by different coating methods. During thermal spraying, the coating material, ie the material of the metal layer, is heated. Individual particles are released from the material of the metal layer and these are accelerated in such a way that they are applied to the substrate material, that is to say the carrier plate, by bombardment. The particles of the metal layer then solidify on the surface of the carrier plate.

The layer thicknesses of the metal layer can usually be greater than or equal to 50 μm when applied by thermal spraying.

In physical vapor deposition (PVD) or physical vapor deposition, sputter deposition and / or thermal evaporation can be used. During sputter deposition, a coating material or a target (in this case the carrier layer) is bombarded with particles in a high vacuum. By removing the coating material and accelerating it onto the carrier layer, layer thicknesses of 3 nm to 5 µm can be deposited. Coatable plastics in particular must be able to be evacuated. This is significantly influenced by the initial behavior and the water absorption of the plastic.

In plasma-assisted gas phase deposition (chemical vapor depositon; CVD process), the deposition of materials is made possible by a chemical reaction.

• - Beizen mit oxidativen Metallsalzlösungen zum Aufrauen der Oberfläche und/oder
• - Aktivierung mit Metallkeimen, insbesondere Palladium, und/oder
• - chemische Metallisierung zur Bildung einer leitenden Schicht, insbesondere wird hierbei eine dünne Schicht zwischen 0,3 bis 4 µm aus Kupfer oder Nickel durch Reduktion aus deren Metallsalzen erzeugt,
• - Abscheidung der eigentlichen Metallschicht in Galvanisierbädern, insbesondere wobei bei der Verchromung zunächst zwei Schichten aus Kupfer und Nickel mit einer Dicke von insbesondere 10 bis 40 µm abgeschieden werden, um eine optimale Haftung zu bewirken.

In addition, it is also conceivable to apply the metal layer by electrodeposition. In the case of electroplating or galvanic deposition, a metal is applied to a carrier layer, in particular to a plastic carrier layer - the so-called plastic galvanization. Most plastics are not electrically conductive, so the surface must first be covered with a well-adhering, electrically conductive layer for a subsequent electrolytic coating. The above-mentioned coating processes are used in particular for this. in the The following process steps are necessary for galvanizing:

• - Pickling with oxidative metal salt solutions to roughen the surface and / or
• - Activation with metal nuclei, especially palladium, and / or
• chemical metallization to form a conductive layer, in particular a thin layer between 0.3 and 4 μm of copper or nickel is produced by reduction from their metal salts,
• - Deposition of the actual metal layer in electroplating baths, in particular with the chrome plating firstly depositing two layers of copper and nickel with a thickness of in particular 10 to 40 μm in order to achieve optimum adhesion.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the metal layer has a layer thickness of 5 nm to 25 μm, preferably from 10 nm to 15 μm, more preferably from 17 nm to 10 μm, more preferably from 20 nm to 10 μm and in particular at least essentially from 50 nm up to 0.5 µm. According to the invention, very thin metal layers can thus advantageously be provided, which have preferably been applied to a carrier layer. With a layer thickness in the abovementioned areas, the environmentally friendly and / or resource-saving advantages of the present invention are evident, since no thick metal plate in the mm range has to be used for the layer structure. A comparatively very thin metal layer on the film layer and / or the carrier layer can already ensure the metallic surface of the multilayered layer structure and consequently of the entire element.

In addition, it can be provided that the metal-containing coating and the carrier layer have a total layer thickness as a composite of 0.5 μm to 1000 μm, preferably from 5 μm to 400 μm, more preferably from 20 μm to 150 μm.

The metal layer preferably has a metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, chromium, iron, gold, copper, molybdenum, palladium, titanium, silver, tin, zinc and / or lead and mixtures thereof. The metal layer preferably consists of a metal selected from the aforementioned group. In addition, the metal layer can be an alloy of aluminum, chromium, iron, gold, copper, molybdenum, palladium, titanium, silver, tin, zinc and / or lead, in particular a steel alloy, stainless steel alloy, copper alloy, preferably brass and / or bronze, nickel -Chrome alloy, copper-aluminum alloy, constantan, Monel and / or gold-tone alloy and / or consist thereof. It is particularly preferred that the metal layer has aluminum as the metal, as a result of which a metal layer can be ensured with very low production costs.

In particular, metal-containing material with a metal content between 0.01 to 100%, preferably from 10 to 99%, more preferably from 30 to 99%, is used.

An aluminum-containing metal material is particularly preferably used, further preferably the alloy EN AW 5005 A (AL MG I). The above-mentioned alloy has the advantage of being weldable, anodizable, shiny and easily deformable, and furthermore having good corrosion resistance.

The imitation of other metals, for example gold, copper and / or chromium, can be achieved through the protective layer, film layer, carrier layer and / or decorative layer, which is / are in particular colored and / or colored through and / or at least lacquered on one side. Overlaying the above-mentioned layers with the metal layer creates a changed optical appearance of the metal layer, the glossy properties being able to be brought about in particular by the aluminum coating.

Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided that the metal layer has a semimetal and / or a semimetal alloy and / or consists thereof. In principle, it is also conceivable that the metal layer has different metals and / or different areas, in each of which at least one metal has been applied. It is thus possible for the multilayered layer structure to be coated with aluminum in one part and with a copper alloy in another part. Ultimately, it is also understood that the different areas can overlap or overlap, so that the metal layer in one area can have, for example, both aluminum and a copper alloy. The different layers of the metal layer are arranged one above the other or formed as a common layer - in one layer plane.

The metal layer is preferably formed over the entire surface and / or continuously. Accordingly, the metal layer is arranged as a full-surface layer, in particular on the carrier layer, and accordingly covers the entire surface of the carrier layer. Accordingly, the metallic surface can be produced over the entire length and width of the multilayered layer structure.

Alternatively, it is provided that the metal layer is partially formed. A partial surface formation of the metal layer offers itself in particular when the metallic surface is to be produced only in a certain partial area of the multilayered layer structure. Exemplary applications would be the creation of an emblem or a coat of arms on a floor covering.

According to a further embodiment, the metal layer can be formed as a sheet, in particular as a sheet. In particular, the sheet has a layer thickness of 0.1 mm to 20 mm, preferably from 1 mm to 10 mm, more preferably from 0.5 mm to 5 mm. A metal layer formed as sheet metal ensures a high strength of the multilayered layer structure and can be used to stabilize the element and / or to increase the overall strength of the element.

Since the metallized layer is sensitive to abrasion and moisture, there is advantageously a surface protection, in particular in the form of a protective layer. This also applies in particular to open edges or unprotected edges of the metal layer, in particular in the case of components which are preferably protected with a coating, for example a lacquer seal.

Furthermore, the metal layer can be designed as a metal foil, preferably aluminum foil, preferably with a pure aluminum content of greater than 90%, in particular from 99% to 99.9%. The metal layer formed as a metal foil can have a layer thickness of 0.1 μm to 1000 μm, preferably from 1 μm to 600 μm, more preferably from 5 μm to 500 μm. According to the invention, a metal foil is understood to mean a very thin metal sheet. As an alternative to an aluminum foil, a gold foil, also called gold leaf, is also conceivable. Tin foil, also called tinfoil, can also be used. A tin foil is a thinly rolled or hammered tin foil. Furthermore, the metal foil can be designed as an adhesive foil.

The metal-containing material can be produced as a metal foil in the strip material from the coil and / or by cold rolling.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention it is provided that the metal layer is designed as cast and / or drawn metal, preferably as an extruded profile and / or as an extruded aluminum profile. During extrusion, a compact heated to the forming temperature is pressed with a punch through a die. The block is enclosed by a recipient - a very thick-walled tube. The outer shape of the press strand is determined by the die. Cavities can be created using differently shaped mandrels. Extruded profiles reach a length of up to 60 m, longer lengths are possible, but mostly not economical. Extrusion is used to produce continuous material that is cut to the desired length. In contrast, individual pieces are produced in the related extrusion. In principle, all metals are suitable for extrusion, but aluminum, copper and / or copper alloys are preferably used.

The metal layer and / or the decorative layer has preferably been applied as a coating, in particular on the carrier layer. The metal layer can have been applied by means of a painting process and / or printing process, preferably digital printing, flexographic printing, screen printing, rotogravure printing, anodizing printing, offset printing, 3D printing, transfer printing, preferably thermal transfer printing, sublimation printing and / or gravure printing, and / or using an embossing film, preferably through a hot stamping foil and / or cold stamping foil. The metal layer formed as a coating preferably has a layer thickness of 5 nm to 400 μm, preferably of 10 nm to 250 μm. A coating offers the advantage that the layer thickness can be set in a targeted manner and the metal layer can be applied in a targeted and purposeful manner, possibly over a partial area, to specific areas or over the entire area on the carrier layer.

In a further embodiment of the concept of the invention, it is provided that the metal layer has metal pigments and / or metal effect pigments and / or interference pigments and / or pearlescent pigments. In particular, metal effect pigments have no metal, but only imitate the appearance of a certain metal. In this context, it goes without saying that when metal effect pigments are added to the material of the metal layer, the metal layer continues to have a metal. A brass alloy, copper, gold, silver and / or aluminum can serve as metal pigments. The metal effect pigments are preferably in the form of a brass alloy, of copper, gold, silver and / or aluminum.

The metallic effect of metallic effect pigments can be created by reflection of the light on the metallic platelets and cause a metallic-like effect. The metal plates in the ink film align themselves parallel to the substrate or ink layer and reflect the incident light on the surface. Brass alloys are used for gold effects; silver metallic effect is created from aluminum pigments. Mixing with colored colors allows a different metallic luster. Other metallic effect pigments are, for example, aluminum, brass and / or plastic flakes, but also iron mica, metal flakes and / or metal flakes. In addition, interference pigments, in particular metal oxide-coated mica pigments, are used and / or transparent effect pigments, such as pearlescent pigments. The aforementioned pigments can be incorporated in the material of the metal layer. The length or diameter of the platelets is between 5 and 100 µm, depending on the type. The thickness of the individual platelets is in particular less than 1 μm. The platelets can also consist of one or more layers or form one or more layers. The carrier material is in particular crystalline, preferably mica, and / or amorphous, preferably glass and / or silicon dioxide platelets. In particular, the color composition is matched to the printing process in terms of pigment size.

In addition, it can be provided according to the invention that the metal layer and the carrier layer are designed as a hologram film and / or have a hologram. A hologram, also called a memory image, is a photographic image made with holographic techniques that, after elaboration and illumination with coherent light, reproduces a real three-dimensional image of the original object. The hologram film enables a three-dimensional depth of the multilayered layer structure to be achieved, the color and / or effect of the decor in particular being supported and / or a play of light being able to be produced when the light falls. In addition to the decorative use, security features can also be provided by a hologram.

The film layer and / or the carrier layer and / or the protective layer, which is preferably designed as a film layer, preferably has plastic as a material and / or consists of plastic. A plastic based on synthetic and / or semi-synthetic polymers is preferably provided. The plastic is further preferably an elastomeric, thermoplastic and / or thermosetting plastic. In particular, the material of the film layer, the carrier layer and / or the protective layer is polyvinyl chloride (PVC), cast polyvinyl chloride, polyester (PES), polyester with a surface containing polyvinyl chloride, perfluorocarbons (PFC), polyurethane (PUR), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), Polypropylene (PP), natural fiber reinforced plastic (NFK), cast propylene (CPP), oriented propylene (OPP), biaxial oriented propylene (BOPP), polyetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyethylene (PE), high density polyethylene (HDPE), low density polyethylene ( LDPE), polyamide (PA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET / PETP), polystyrene (PS), biaxially oriented polyester film (BOPET), polyactide (PLA, PDLA, PLLA and / or PDLLA), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), Polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polycarbonate (PC), polyester carbonate (PEC), polyethersulfone (PES), polyimide (PI), polyarylate (PAR), unsaturated polyester resin (UP), cast alkyd resin film, cast acrylic resin layer, P olyetherimide (PEI), polyether ketone (PAEK / PEEK), polyactide (PLA), cellulose acetate and / or starch blends are provided.

According to the invention, the film layer and / or protective layer designed as a plastic film can also be applied in the form of molten plastic, in particular molten polymer, preferably by calendering and / or casting. This has the advantage that after the application and before the film layer has hardened, a surface structure, for example by means of an embossing calender, can be embossed into the surface, for example a wooden pore. In addition, a surface structure can also be embossed into the film layer and / or protective layer if the film layer and / or the protective layer is heated before the embossing process and the plastic melts, so that the structure is embossed into the not yet hardened plastic surface. In principle, the foils can be used or formed over the full or partial area.

In the case of a multilayer protective layer, it can be provided that the different layers have different plastic materials of the aforementioned type. Special performance characteristics can be provided, depending on the application. Different plastics and their advantageous properties can also be combined with one another for the individual aforementioned layers. In particular, the aforementioned plastics can be provided in the form of a plastic film. Mixtures of one or more of the aforementioned plastics can also be used in the plastic film.

A plastic film is preferably produced by extrusion or by casting, calendering or blow molding. In the blow molding process, several films with different properties can also be co-extruded into a film composite. Alternatively or additionally, these aforementioned films can be coated in a self-adhesive manner with a polyacrylate adhesive, in particular in the manner of a connecting layer, preferably for adhesive lamination. The film thickness of a film layer and / or a carrier layer formed as a film layer and / or a protective layer is between 20 μm and 250 μm, preferably between 20 μm and 500 μm, in particular between 20 μm and 150 μm.

The material of the protective layer facing the user side preferably has a high abrasion, scratch and / or wear resistance due to the material used, preferably an at least two-layer upper protective layer is used and the two protective layer layers can have different properties.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the film layer and / or the carrier layer, which is preferably designed as a film layer, and / or the protective layer is designed as a, preferably transparent and / or translucent, melamine layer. The melamine layer has melamine resin, wherein melamine resin (MF) is a synthetic resin that is based on the compounds of melamine and formaldehyde and is one of the aminoplasts. After curing through polycondensation, the resins form thermosetting plastics. The melamine layer can also have a modified melamine resin, such as melamine-phenol-formaldehyde resin (MPF) and / or melamine-urea-formaldehyde resin (MOF).

It is particularly preferred that the film layer and / or the carrier layer and / or the protective layer, preferably in the form of a film layer, have and / or consist of a biopolymer-containing material and / or a biopolymer. According to the invention, a biopolymer-containing material and / or a biopolymer is understood to be a biodegradable material and / or a biogenic raw material, in particular a material made from organic substances being preferred. The organic substances can be embodied as substances based on plants and / or living beings and / or raw materials. In particular, a material based on wood, cellulose, lignin, starch, sugar, vegetable oil, chitin, casein, gelatin, crab shells, animal and / or vegetable proteins, fungi, insects, bacteria, zein and / or is used as the biopolymer or biopolymer-containing material Algae, understood.

An advantage of a biopolymer is that it is preferably biodegradable and / or is obtained in particular from a renewable raw material.

Conventional plastic materials are mostly based on petroleum and consequently on a limited resource. This can be avoided by using a biopolymer, so that the multilayer film composite has a very high ecological compatibility. The aforementioned biopolymer-containing materials can also provide the properties required for the individual layers. A biopolymer-containing plastic can also be called a "bioplastic" and consequently include a variety of plant and animal raw materials. The most important raw materials are wood, in particular for cellulose and lignin, cereal plants and potatoes for starch and sugar cane and sugar beet for sugar, and oil plants, especially vegetable oils, and insects for chitin, shellfish and crab shells. Cellulose-based plastics are in particular celluloid, cellophane, viscose and lyocell, as well as cellulose acetate and lignin-based biopolymers, preferably with the addition of natural fibers made from hemp or flax. Furthermore, cellulose-based biopolymers made of cotton can be used according to the invention.

Modified cellulose is also conceivable using enzymes for the biopolymer and / or the biopolymer-containing material. Starch-based biopolymers are mostly obtained from corn, wheat, potatoes, sugar cane and / or sugar beet. The starch includes in particular thermoplastic starch (TPS), polylactic acid or polylactide (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates, in particular polyhydroxybutyrate. Furthermore, polyesters and / or thermoplastic biopolyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT) and / or polyethylene furanoate (PEF) are possible.

In addition, fatty acids can be obtained from vegetable oils, which can be converted into high-quality bioplastics via several chemical intermediates. Vegetable oil-based plastics are especially biopolyamides (Bio-PA) and bio-polyurethanes (Bio-PU).

Furthermore, as mentioned above, raw materials for biopolymers are casein, a protein from milk, gelatin, a protein from animal bones or skin, chitin, a polysaccharide from fungi, insects (chitosan) and / or crab shells. Polyhydroxybutyric acid (PHB), which is obtained from bacteria, is also provided as a biopolymer according to the invention.

Ultimately, it goes without saying that polymeric and / or biopolymeric material mixtures of the aforementioned plastics can also be used according to the invention.

In a further preferred embodiment, it is provided that the biopolymer-containing film layer and / or the biopolymer-containing carrier layer and / or the biopolymer-containing protective layer polyvinyl alcohol (PVAL), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polycaprolactone (PCL), polyactide (PLA), bio-copolyester, terpolyester, Bio-Polyurethane (Bio-PUR), Bio-Polyamide (Bio-PA), starch polymers, preferably thermoplastic starch (TPS), cellulose polymers, lignin, vegetable oil-based biopolymers, such as rapeseed oil, castor oil, soybean oil and / or sunflower oil, chitin, chitosan, casein plastics (CS / CSF), gelatin, polyester, thermoplastic biopolyester, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), polyethylene furanoate (PEF), polysaccharides (multiple sugar), bio-based acids such as succinic acid and / or lactic acid, Has polyhydroxybutyric acid (PHB), polyamino acids and / or lipids and / or consists thereof.

The aforementioned materials are characterized by their training as a renewable raw material and / or by their biodegradability. Especially with regard to the expected rising raw material prices and a raw material shortage of petroleum, those plastics are preferred according to the invention which are not petroleum-based and in particular are designed as a biopolymer.

Special design effects can be achieved with metallized nonwovens, fabrics and / or textiles. In preferred exemplary embodiments, plastic nonwovens can be metallized, preferably made of PETP, PETP / PE, PE, PP and / or PA. The nonwovens have a preferred basis weight of 15 to 350 g / m ² . Fabrics made of PETP, PA and / or glass are also suitable for the metallization. The fabrics in particular have a basis weight of 20 to 200 g / m ² . The back of metallized carrier layers, in particular metallized papers, plastics, plastic films, nonwovens, fabrics and / or textiles, can also be coated in a self-adhesive manner, in particular with a connecting layer. Consequently, the multilayered layer structure can be used as a decorative film, in particular on furniture.

Otherwise, the film layer can have a layer thickness between 1 μm to 2500 μm, preferably between 3 μm to 500 μm, more preferably between 5 μm to 150 μm. In particular, the smallest possible layer thickness of the film layer is preferred, it being possible to ensure the required properties of the multilayered layer structure, in particular the stability of the multilayered layer structure and the tear resistance.

The film layer preferably has pigmentation and / or is colored, preferably solid-colored, and / or lacquered on the top and / or bottom. As a result, the film layer can be used in a targeted manner to influence the visual appearance.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the film layer and / or the carrier layer and / or the protective layer and / or the metal layer has an, in particular adhesion-promoting and / or transparent, color-ink receiving layer, in particular wherein the color inks - Recording layer can be generated by an adhesion-promoting pretreatment. in particular, it can be ensured by the color-ink receiving layer that the decorative layer adheres well to the film layer and / or the carrier layer and / or the protective layer and / or the metal layer and in particular can be firmly connected to the aforementioned layers. The color-ink-receiving layer can absorb the ink and / or the color of the decorative layer, so that, at least partially, the decorative layer is arranged in one of the aforementioned layers, in particular at least partially penetrates into the latter. The decorative layer has very particularly preferably penetrated the color ink receiving layer.

In a further preferred embodiment of the inventive concept, the carrier layer has as a material cellulose, natural fibers, synthetic fibers, plastic, metal, wood, foam, wood-based materials, wood-plastic composite materials, cork and / or linoleum and / or consists of the aforementioned substances. An elastomeric plastic and / or rubber is preferably provided as the plastic. In particular, a wood-plastic composite (WPC) is provided as the wood-plastic composite material.

Alternatively or additionally, the carrier layer can be designed as a plastic film, as a multi-layer fiber composite material, paper, cardboard, nonwoven, textile, stone-based, porcelain stoneware-based, mineral, ceramic, cement-based and / or gypsum-based substrate and / or as glass. In particular, the carrier layer can have a glass-based material. Multi-layer fiber composites include high pressure laminates (HPL), low pressure laminates (LPL), direct pressure laminates (DPL), continuous pressure laminates (CPL) and / or a decorative laminate (DKS). A textile can be designed, for example, as a woven fabric, knitted fabric and / or felt.

The material of the carrier layer is selected depending on the intended use and / or the element on which the multilayered layer structure is to be arranged.

In addition, the protective layer can be formed as a coating having a thermoplastic and / or elastomeric plastic material. In particular, the protective layer has and / or consists of polyurethane (PUR), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP) and / or polyethylene (PE) and / or polyester, in particular polyethylene terephthalate (PET). In particular, the protective layer is designed such that it can provide the properties of a damping layer and / or an outer wear layer of the multi-layer structure, in particular where the protective layer has a high resistance to abrasion and wear.

The protective layer preferably has a water-miscible and / or water-dilutable, preferably transparent, coating made of polyurethane (PUR). Furthermore, an acrylate Lacquer, an elastic lacquer, a polyester lacquer, an electron beam hardened lacquer (ESH lacquer), an alkyd resin lacquer, a dispersion lacquer, an acrylic polymer lacquer, a high solid lacquer, a phenol lacquer, a urea lacquer, a melamine resin lacquer, a polyester paint, a polystyrene lacquer, a polyvinyl resin lacquer, a polyurethane resin lacquer, a powder lacquer, a silicone resin lacquer, a lacquer containing biopolymers, a lacquer containing synthetic polymers and / or a cellulose nitrate lacquer can be provided. In addition, additives selected from the group of polyurethane dispersion, silica, water, glycol ether, heterocyclic ketones and additives and mixtures thereof can be added to the above-mentioned lacquers, in particular the polyurethane lacquer.

As an alternative or in addition to a plastic film, the protective layer can have and / or consist of at least one surface finish. Surface finishes are to be understood in particular as coatings applied to the multi-layer structure facing the user side. Surface finishes can also be referred to as surface treatment, surface coating and / or surface painting. Surface sealing is to be understood as meaning thin, transparent layers that are applied to the multilayered layer structure after laying. Surface finish refers to an applied layer of less than 50 µm. Surface finishes protect the underside layer structure and improve the usage properties of the entire layer structure, after which the costs for cleaning and care can be reduced and the value retention of the entire element can be increased. The surface finish is based on the interaction between the element, the multi-layer structure and the finish itself. In particular, transparent surface treatments and / or impregnations are provided for the protective layer, which preferably have a transparent polymer lacquer system and / or are based on natural substances and / or contain wax coatings and / or oil-based coatings. Transparent, highly durable and / or low-odor coatings are very particularly preferred.

Furthermore, the aforementioned lacquers of the protective layer can be applied in the stoving process or in the ESH lacquering. The surface finish of the protective layer preferably has a layer thickness of 1 μm to 1000 μm, preferably 10 μm to 500 μm.

In addition, the surface finish can also have a structure and / or be structured, in particular the surface finish can accordingly provide a surface structure of the multilayered layer structure. This surface structure can produce the decorative optics, for example a wooden pore and / or decorative plastic structures, and / or can be used for the supporting optical effect. Furthermore, the surface structure can also be used on the basis of its functional property (s), in particular for slip resistance.

The surface finish can be applied both directly to the metal layer and / or on the top side to the plastic film or the film layer.

For example, an aqueous PU coating can be provided as the protective layer. In addition, the protective layer can be produced by lamination, in particular flame lamination, sprinkling of meltable, powdered plastics and subsequent melting.

In a further preferred embodiment, the film layer, the protective layer and / or the metal layer has a structured surface. In particular, the structured surface is treated by mechanical treatment, in particular polishing, sandblasting, satinizing, glass bead blasting, grinding, milling, drilling, scoring, brushing, lasering, engraving, laser engraving and / or embossing, and / or by chemical surface treatment, in particular etching, Patination, and / or coloring, can be generated. The structured surface or the structures in the surface can influence the visual appearance, in particular in such a way that the decor or the effect of the decor is supported or emphasized. The structured surface can also be used for slip resistance. Especially with a floor covering, it is usually perceived as pleasant if it has a structure - in the end it approximates a "real" natural material.

Wood and / or stone structures can be imitated by the surface structures.

The structured surface of the metal layer, the protective layer and / or the film layer is preferably at least substantially synchronous with the decor of the decorative layer - in the manner of a synchronous pore. A synchronous pore is characterized, for example, by the fact that when the decor or the decorative layer visually represents a depression, this depression is ultimately also found in the multilayered layer structure, so that the visual appearance of the depression is supported by the structured surface. This creates an authentic visual appearance of the multi-layer structure.

In addition, the structured surface of the film layer, the protective layer, the carrier layer and / or the metal layer can have a layer thickness of 0.01 mm to 10 mm, preferably 0.05 mm to 2.5 mm. The aforementioned layer thickness of the structured surface can in particular indicate the possible depth or length of a depression that can be produced on the surface of the multilayered layer structure. In this context, it is ultimately understood that it is preferred according to the invention that the structured surface of the aforementioned layers also results on the user side of the multilayer layer structure. It can thus be provided that the layers lying above the structured layer adapt or conform to the structured surface. Consequently, the top side or the user side of the multilayered layer structure preferably has a structuring with a depth of 0.01 mm to 10 mm, preferably of 0.05 mm to 2.5 mm.

In a further very particularly preferred variant of the inventive concept, it is provided that locking contours are provided on at least one edge side, preferably on all edge sides, of the multilayered layer structure, preferably corresponding to one another and / or complementary on opposite edge sides, preferably interlocking and / or connectable , in particular wherein the locking contours are designed as a tongue and groove connection. The locking contours are preferably introduced into the carrier plate and / or into the metal layer on the respective edge sides. The locking contours serve to connect layer structures that can be arranged directly next to one another.

Due to the metal layer and / or a plurality of metal layers integrated in the multilayer layer structure, there are possibilities for using the functional and technical properties of the metal layer for the element. According to the invention, the multilayered layer structure can be used to change and / or improve the electrical, thermal, barrier and / or chemical properties and / or sun protection and / or fire protection (flame retardancy) and / or to shield electrical, magnetic and / or electromagnetic fields for the item can be used. As a result, the above-mentioned properties can be drastically improved by the multilayer structure. The multilayered layer structure can be designed in such a way that the element with an applied layer structure is watertight at least on the user side. Furthermore, the metal layer can be used specifically to conduct electricity, so that it is conceivable that the metal layer as a functional layer is an electrically conductive layer. In particular, the metal layer can be designed as a conductor track.

A layered composite of the film layer, the protective layer and / or the preliminary product can form a composite film. The individual layers of the composite film can be extruded or laminated or laminated. The production can be carried out by laminating several layers of the same or different materials or layers, in particular plastic films. Suitable laminating agents such as lacquer, glue and / or wax can also be used. Is laminated to protect and / or decorate a material and / or to achieve an addition of favorable material properties. The material can be applied on or under a layer with the desired properties or placed between two layers. For printing, gluing and / or coating a plastic film, preferably the film layer, a corona pretreatment is generally necessary - as mentioned above - for some plastic materials, in particular polyethylene, polypropylene and / or polyethylene terephthalate. The surface to be treated is exposed to an electrical corona discharge for a short time. Alternatives to corona treatment are flame treatment, plasma treatment and fluorination. Processing is preferably carried out from the roll, in particular the roll laminating machine, or as surface lamination, in particular with a surface lamination system.

According to the invention, the multilayered layer structure can be provided for changing and / or improving functional-technical properties and / or functions of the element.

According to the invention, it is possible to improve the layer structure known from practice by integrating a metal layer. Because of the metal layer, the functional and technical properties of the layer structure and in particular of the element can be changed in a targeted and functional manner, preferably improved. Consequently, according to the invention, a layer structure can be provided which, in addition to the visual representation of a decor, can purposefully influence the technical properties of the element.

This opens up a multitude of possible uses of the multilayered layer structure, so that the multilayered layer structure can also be applied to elements without having to focus on redesigning and redesigning the elements. According to the invention, the layered structures can be used with regard to their technical and functional properties - not because of their aesthetic and decorative character. The layer structure can be used as a component of the Serve element to influence the properties of the element and contribute directly to the fulfillment of important technical functions.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the multi-layer structure is provided for dissipating electrostatic charges. In particular, the electrical properties of the element can be improved. In the case of metallized plastic films, in particular, an electrostatic charge, in particular the plastic film, can be discharged via the metal layer, in particular the metal layer being electrically conductive. Especially with furniture surfaces and / or floor coverings made of a plastic material, an electrostatic charge, especially the layer structure, is problematic. The surfaces can become electrostatically charged due to friction, for example caused by walking on floors with plastic surfaces that have polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyamide (PA) and / or polyvinyl chloride (PVC). According to the invention, the charge can be discharged through the correspondingly conductive metal layer. If necessary, further earthing measures are planned.

According to the invention, these are optional, the discharge function being controllable and / or improving through the grounding measures.

According to the invention, a conductive material is understood to be a material whose electrical resistivity is less than 10 ⁴ Ωm. As a result of the electrically conductive design of the metal layer, the metal can accordingly conduct electricity and thus reduce, in particular eliminate, the electrical charge. Consequently, according to the invention, electrostatic charging of the single-layer or multilayer upper layer structure of the element can be derived through a metal layer, preferably via a plastic film metallized with aluminum, the plastic film being designed as a film layer.

Furthermore, the multilayered layer structure can be provided for shielding electrical, magnetic and / or electromagnetic radiation. In particular, the multi-layer structure serves to shield magnetic fields, such as the earth's magnetic field and / or electromagnetic fields, caused by telecommunications, electronic devices, microelectronic devices, lightning, navigation, systems for power supply, microwave oven, ignition and / or drives. Ultimately, an electrical, electromagnetic and / or magnetic field is to be understood to mean any field that has an influence on the element according to the invention. In particular, noble metals, preferably copper, aluminum, iron and / or steel and / or ferromagnetic alloys, lead and / or metallized plastics, fabrics and / or nonwovens are suitable as materials for shielding the metal layer. In particular, in order to shield an element, several multilayered layer structures can be arranged on the element and / or a large number of foil layers and / or metal layers can be integrated in the layer structure. According to the invention, a very economical solution for shielding the element from electrical, electromagnetic and / or magnetic radiation or fields can be provided.

In addition, the multi-layer structure can be used for preventive fire protection, preferably for flame retardancy. According to the invention, a flame-retardant effect of the multilayered layer structure can be achieved in that the metal layer cannot be made combustible, after which the combustibility and / or flammability of the entire element improves. The low flammability of a material and / or element is particularly important for object use and / or protective construction. Metal oxides, metal hydroxides, metal salts and / or boron and / or zinc compounds and / or silicon compounds are particularly suitable for the flame-retardant metal layer, in particular the metallic or metal-containing coating. A plurality of the same and / or different metal layers are advantageously arranged in the layer structure for the flame-retardant effect.

Furthermore, the multi-layer structure can be provided for sun protection and / or for reflecting sunlight, in particular in the visible wavelength range, infrared range and / or UV range. The visible wavelength range extends from 380 to 750 nm; the infrared range begins with radiation with a wavelength greater than 750 nm; the UV range is characterized by radiation with a wavelength of less than 380 nm. An external sun protection of the element facing the sun radiation side can be based on reflection, whereby an internal sun protection of the element facing away from the sun radiation side can be ensured by absorption. In particular, a film layer coated with aluminum can reflect not only visible light and infrared radiation, but also UV radiation. This distinguishes an aluminum coating from layers that have silver and / or gold. In particular, the reflectance of aluminum is largely independent of the wavelength. The degree of reflection of the metal layer used can be greater, in particular for all wavelength ranges 70%, preferably between 85% and 100%; specifically above 800 nm in the near infrared range. For the use of the element as a film roller blind, an outer use side or film layer facing the solar radiation can be vapor-coated with aluminum to form the metal layer, which in particular reflects up to 80% of the incident sunlight, the reflection in particular also being selective and consequently light-changing can.

A sun protection film and / or a multilayered layer structure for sun protection can in particular have a film layer made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), which can be applied in particular to a window, so that light and / or heat from the solar radiation that can be transmitted through the window can be reduced , It is preferably provided that the metal layer and / or the multilayered layer structure filters UV-A and / or UV-B radiation. UV-A radiation is in a wavelength range from 315 to 380 nm. The UV-B range is provided in a wavelength range from 280 to 315 nm.

Sun protection can preferably be achieved by reflecting the metal layer, wherein absorption of the radiation can also be provided. Depending on the intended use and / or formation of the layer structure, the radiation emanating from the sun can be reflected and / or absorbed. In this context it can be provided that the film and / or the multilayered layer structure is made optically darker with higher sun protection. The rejection of the, in particular total, solar energy is a percentage depending on the type of multilayered layer structure and / or depending on the type of metal and / or foil layer and / or depending on the type of laying - d. H. inside or outside - up to 86%, preferably reduced radiation on the glass.

In particular, a multi-layer structure, which is designed as a sun protection film, has UV protection of in particular 99%, ie. H. UV radiation can only be transmitted through the sun protection film with a transmittance of less than or equal to 1%.

In addition, a sun protection film and / or a multilayered layer structure is suitable for sun protection, in particular for use as a coating or for use for facade elements, since a facade can be exposed to the sun and the function of the sun protection can protect the interior of a building from the sun.

Advantageously, there is a visual protection of the layer structure designed as a sun protection film, so that when it is applied to a window on the outside, the interior, which has the window, cannot be seen or is difficult to see. According to the invention, it can also be provided that sun protection films, which should not be recognizable if possible, achieve reduced radiation of up to 50% and UV protection of up to 99%.

• - zur Wärmedämmung und/oder
• - zur Flächenheizelement und/oder
• - zum Wärmemanagement, insbesondere zur Ableitung und/oder Speicherung von Wärme, und/oder
• - zur herbiziden und/oder antimikrobiellen Wirkung des Elements und/oder
• - als Schutz vor Mikroben und/oder Herbiziden und/oder
• - zur photokatalytischen Selbstreinigung und/oder
• - zur Luftreinigung

vorgesehen sein. Folglich können neben den elektrischen Eigenschaften auch die thermischen und/oder chemischen Eigenschaften des Schichtaufbaus und/oder des Elementes verbessert werden. Vorteilhafterweise kann durch die Integration der Metallschicht in den Schichtaufbau zweckgerichtet der jeweilige Einsatzbereich des Elementes verbessert werden. Zudem können Eigenschaften des Elementes gewährleistet werden, die vorher - ohne die Applikation des erfindungsgemäßen Schichtaufbaus - nicht verwirklicht worden sind.According to a further preferred embodiment, the multi-layer structure can

• - for thermal insulation and / or
• - for surface heating element and / or
• - for heat management, in particular for the dissipation and / or storage of heat, and / or
• - For the herbicidal and / or antimicrobial effect of the element and / or
• - as protection against microbes and / or herbicides and / or
• - for photocatalytic self-cleaning and / or
• - for air purification

be provided. Consequently, in addition to the electrical properties, the thermal and / or chemical properties of the layer structure and / or of the element can also be improved. The respective area of use of the element can advantageously be purposefully improved by integrating the metal layer into the layer structure. In addition, properties of the element can be ensured that have not previously been achieved without the application of the layer structure according to the invention.

In particular, the herbicidal and / or antimicrobial effect of the element and / or the layer structure is used. The bactericidal and fungicidal agents used are, in particular, metal layers which are metal (silver (Ag), mercury (Hg), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), cobalt (Co), Zinc (Zn) and / or iron (Fe) and / or consist of the aforementioned materials. The use of salts of these metals with organic acids is preferably provided. The herbicidal and / or antimicrobial activity of the aforementioned materials can decrease in the list according to the aforementioned order. In particular, protective agents for paint coatings and plastics are provided on an organometallic compound of mercury, tin and / or lead of the tributyltin oxide and / or trialkyl lead acetate type. In particular, a colloidal silver can be provided as a material with regard to the antimicrobial effect, in particular being colloidal Silver in small concentrations can inactivate a number of bacteria and / or fungi.

• - Schützen
• - Separieren
• - Stabilisieren
• - Leiten
• - Dichten und Abweisen
• - Heizen
• - Ableiten
• - Reinigen
• - Speichern
• - Isolieren.

In connection with the use of the layer structure and / or the element for photocatalytic self-cleaning, it can be provided that the metal layer has a photocatalyst, in particular nanoparticles made of titanium dioxide (TiO ₂ ), in particular with coated surfaces being provided within the multilayer layer structure. The photocatalysts can perform photocatalytic self-cleaning and / or pollutant absorption, in particular air cleaning. Irradiation with light, in particular sunlight, and / or UV radiation in particular decomposes organic materials on the surface. The surfaces can remain clean and have an antimicrobial effect. These surfaces are also characterized by super hydrophilic properties. In particular, water cannot form droplets on the aforementioned layers, but a thin layer. No fogging of the surfaces, in particular the superhydrophilic surfaces, is preferably discernible. It is preferably provided that the multi-layer structure is provided to improve and / or guarantee at least one of the following technical functions of the element:

• - Protect
• - separate
• - Stabilize
• - Conduct
• - poetry and rejection
• - heating
• - Derive
• - Clean
• - To save
• - Isolate.

The aforementioned properties or functions of the element can be specifically improved by using the metal layer, in particular it can also be provided that one of the aforementioned functions cannot be implemented without the multilayer layer structure. In particular, the metal layer protects the element from mechanical stress, increases the strength of the entire element (function: stabilize) and forms a barrier, in particular against gases and / or liquids (function: sealing and repelling). In addition, it can also be provided that heat is stored in the multilayered layer structure and also passed on via the metal layer.

In a further preferred embodiment of the inventive concept, it is provided that the multilayered layer structure is designed to be diffusion-inhibiting and / or diffusion-tight. The multilayered layer structure is preferably provided to prevent diffusion of liquids and / or gases through the element. In addition, the multilayered layer structure can be designed as a vapor barrier and / or barrier layer. The aforementioned barrier properties are advantageously ensured by the metal layer which forms a barrier for liquids and / or gases. In particular, the multi-layer structure is watertight. To increase the barrier properties, a plurality of metal layers and / or metallized film layers can be provided in the layer structure. The multilayered layer structure is preferably used together with the element as a vapor barrier or vapor barrier for elements for the floor, wall, ceiling and / or facade area.

The multilayered layer structure and / or the metal layer and / or the element is preferably in accordance with DIN 4102 (As of June 2018) non-flammable and / or flame-retardant. In particular, the non-combustible material of the layer structure, the element and / or the metal layer has a building material class of A1 or A2. A flame-retardant layer structure, element and / or metal layer has in particular the building material class B1 according to DIN 4102 (As of June 2018).

Furthermore, it can be provided that an earthing device for earthing is electrically connected to the multilayer structure, in particular to the metal layer, the earthing device being designed such that electrostatic charges on the element can be dissipated. In particular, the earthing device ensures the earthing of the electrostatic charges that can be dissipated via the metal layer and is preferably arranged on the rear side of the layer structure and / or the element facing away from the user side.

For grounding, a grounding device designed as an electrical conductor is accordingly connected to the metal layer and fed to the grounding connection. It is possible that, for example, floor panels, on the underside, facing away from the user side, have electrical adapter or connection points which contact the metal layer. The panels can then be electrically connected to one another and / or in series and / or grounded. The metal layer of the layer structure can thus be integrated into a surface layer and / or finish film in order to discharge the electrostatic charge. The metal layer can be directly under, facing away from the user side, a film layer and / or another, upper, the Layers facing the layers of the layer structure, in particular a wear layer, are located, whereby the direct discharge of the charge is favored.

Furthermore, the metal layer can be provided as an electrical conductor track and / or for electrical conduction. In this context, it goes without saying that the metal layer can be formed over the entire surface and / or over part of the surface. In particular, when the metal layer is applied, a masking of the film layer, which can act as a carrier, can be provided, so that only individual subregions of the film layer are specifically metallized. Demetallization - that is, partial removal of the previously applied metal layer - can also be provided to produce the conductor track.

A plurality of partial metal layers are particularly preferably designed as electrical conductor tracks. The metal layers can be spaced apart, in particular at least one insulation layer being provided for the spacing. In addition, a plurality of electrical circuits and / or separate electrical polarities of the metal layer can be provided. In particular, different layers of the metal layers are electrically insulated from one another via an insulation layer.

It is thus conceivable to provide two metal layers arranged one above the other and insulated from one another in the layer structure, the polarity of which is on the one hand positive and on the other hand negative. These metal layers can also extend across the entire layer structure. Electrical contact can be made at any point in the multilayered layer structure and / or a metal layer.

A metal layer applied by means of vacuum coating (physical vapor deposition; PVD method) is particularly very economical. In the case of metallization, particular care must be taken to electrically isolate edge areas of a component - the layer structure or element - preferably by means of an insulating coating, in particular by means of painting or welding the film layers.

The metal layer designed as a conductor track can advantageously be located in the surface layer of furniture elements, floor panel elements, wallpaper elements or the like; and that without the need for annoying cabling and in particular the associated cutouts, cable ducts and / or cavities.

A plastic film is preferably provided as the insulation layer, in particular the plastic film having and / or consisting of polypropylene (PP), polyamide (PA) and / or polyethylene terephthalate (PET). A non-conductive material is preferably provided as the material for the insulation layer.

Furthermore, the insulation layer can have material, in particular based on synthetic and / or semisynthetic polymers, preferably elastomeric, thermoplastic and / or thermosetting plastic, in particular polyvinyl chloride (PVC), cast polyvinyl chloride, polyester (PES), polyester with a surface containing polyvinyl chloride, Perfluorocarbons (PFC), polyurethane (PUR), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polypropylene (PP), natural fiber reinforced plastic (NFK), cast propylene (CPP), oriented propylene (OPP), biaxial oriented propylene (BOPP), polyetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), Polyethylene (PE), high density polyethylene (HDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), polyamide (PA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET / PETP), polystyrene (PS), biaxially oriented polyester film (BOPET), polyactide (PLA, PDLA, PLLA and / or PDLLA), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polycarbonate (PC), polyester carbonate (PEC), polyether ulfone (PES), polyimide (PI), polyarylate (PAR), unsaturated polyester resin (UP), cast alkyd resin film, cast acrylic resin layer, polyetherimide (PEI), polyether ketone (PAEK / PEEK), polyactide (PLA), cellulose acetate and / or starch blends. The insulation layer is very particularly preferably designed as a film layer.

In a further embodiment it can be provided that the metal layer is electrically connected to a connecting device of the element, in particular wherein the connecting device is connected to an energy supply device and / or an electrical consumer. Consequently, electrical energy and / or an electrical current can be introduced into the metal layer via the connecting device and passed on via the metal layer, in particular the metal layer designed as a conductor track. The connection device can be provided, for example, in the manner of an adapter function on the user side of the multilayered layer structure. In addition, energy passed on via the metal layer, in particular electrical energy, can also be supplied to an electrical consumer, such as a lamp. In this context, it can be provided that a further connection device supplies the metal layer with the electrical energy for transmission, which is then supplied to an electrical consumer via a connection device. Inductive charging can also be provided for an electrical consumer, which, in this context, particularly relates to the user side of the multilayer layer structure is laid. Ultimately, the metal layer can be designed in the manner of a functional layer which ensures the electrical properties of a multilayered layer structure and / or an element.

Electrical consumers, such as lights or loudspeakers, can preferably be wired wirelessly, in particular LED and / or OLED lights. For this purpose, as mentioned above, electrical adapter points can be formed on the multilayered layer structure and / or the element as connecting devices which contact the metal layer and connect the conductor track to the power supply, in particular a power supply unit and / or the accumulator, and the consumer, for example the lamp. The electrical adapter functions are preferably not arranged visually from the user side, in particular on the edge and / or rear side.

The metal layer designed as a conductor track can also be produced by printing with a metallic material. The power cross-section of the conductor track is in particular between 0.001 mm ² to 0.15 mm ² , in particular depending on the power requirement for the energy supply of an electrical consumer - that is, a larger cross-section results at higher currents for supplying an electrical consumer and / or electrical consumers , especially to avoid heating the conductor track.

A metal layer designed as an electrical conductor track preferably has aluminum, copper, gold and / or silver as the material. The aforementioned materials are characterized in particular by a high electrical conductivity with a low electrical resistance. It goes without saying that a conductor track with a low layer height, in particular in a range from 10 mm to 1 μm, is particularly preferably provided, so that the material used for the metal layer is comparatively small.

In addition, the use of a metallized plastic film, preferably a plastic film metallized with aluminum, is characterized by economical production.

Furthermore, in the case of a metal layer with a partial surface, it can be provided that a filler layer is arranged at least in regions in the free spaces of the partial metal layer, preferably designed as an electrical conductor track. The filler layer preferably has plastic as the material. In addition, the filling layer can be produced by coating, printing and / or painting. It can be provided that the filler layer can only be applied after the metal layer has been applied and thus fits into or arranges in the spaces of the metal layer provided between the individual strands of the conductor track. In particular, the filling layer is provided for the electrical insulation of the individual branches and / or strands of the metal layer designed as a conductor track.

Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided that the metal layer is designed as a separately applied negative layer. In particular, the filling layer can be produced independently of the metal layer, but depending on the geometry or the structure and / or design of the metal layer. The negative layer can in particular be applied to the film layer together with the metal layer and / or can be connected to the film layer.

Furthermore, the metal layer can have different polarities, in particular at least one positive pole and one negative pole, in particular an anode and / or a cathode and / or different circuits. In this context, it makes sense if the layer structure has a plurality of metal layers. Ultimately, the metal layers with different polarity can also be arranged in the same plane in the layer structure, in particular with the metal layers then being electrically insulated from one another.

The multilayered layer structure and / or the element particularly preferably has an S _d value of less than 1500 m, preferably less than 1000 m, more preferably between 0.01 to 500 m and at least essentially between 0.1 to 100 m. In particular, the multilayered layer structure and / or the element, as mentioned above, is designed to be diffusion-inhibiting and / or diffusion-tight.

The S _d value characterizes the air layer thickness equivalent to water vapor diffusion. This is a building physics measure for the water vapor diffusion resistance of a component or a component layer. The S _d value clearly indicates a thickness that a dormant air layer must have so that the same diffusion currents flow through it in steady state and under the same boundary conditions - compared to the component under consideration. The above values refer to the DIN 4108-3 (As of July 2018) and also characterize a diffusion-inhibiting and / or open-diffusion layer.

Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided that the multilayered layer structure has an S _d value of greater than 100 m, preferably greater than 500 m, more preferably greater than or equal to 800 m, preferably between 800 m to 5000 m. In particular, an S _d value of greater than or equal to 1500 m characterizes a diffusion-tight layer, and consequently a vapor barrier.

Preferably, the multilayer film structure, in particular at a material thickness of between 1 .mu.m to 20 .mu.m, preferably from 8 microns to 15 microns, a water passage (W _DD value) of less than 2 g / m ² / 24h, preferably less than 1 g / m ² / 24h, more preferably between 0.1 g / m ² / 24h to 0.6 g / m ² / 24h. The water vapor passage is determined by multiplying by 24 h from the water vapor diffusion current density, the water vapor diffusion current density being determined by dividing the water vapor partial pressures from inside and outside - facing and facing the weathering side - divided by the water vapor diffusion flow resistance. The possible water vapor passages are already reduced significantly with small increases in the S _d values.

The multilayered layer structure and / or the element preferably has an oxygen passage or a gas permeability for oxygen of less than 2 cm ³ / m ² / 24h, preferably less than 1 cm ³ / m ² / 24h, more preferably between 0.1 cm ³ / m ² / 24h to 0.5 cm ³ / m ² / 24h. Oxygen diffusion was determined at room temperature ISO 2556 and or ISO 15105/1 (as of July 2018).

Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for producing a multi-layer structure for an element for use as a floor, wall, ceiling, furniture, decoration, interior construction element, preferably strip, profile, edge, door and / or window element, facade, wallpaper, car interior, car exterior and / or outdoor covering element with at least one decorative layer and at least one metallic and / or metal-containing metal layer, in particular according to one of the previously described embodiments, the metal layer directly and / or is directly connected to the decorative layer.

Due to the firm bond of the metal layer to the decorative layer, which can be provided directly and / or indirectly, a multilayered layer structure can be produced, which can be applied to an above-mentioned element to achieve an at least partially metallic surface.

Ultimately, it goes without saying that the aforementioned advantages and / or preferred embodiments of the multilayered layer structure can also be applied to the method according to the invention, so that reference can be made to the previous statements in order to avoid unnecessary repetitions.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, it is provided that the metal layer is applied to a carrier layer, in particular a film layer and / or the decorative layer, by means of a metallic and / or metal-containing coating. In manufacturing technology, the process step of coating is understood to mean such a process that is used to apply a firmly adhering layer of shapeless material, in the present case a metal-containing material and / or metal, to the surface of a workpiece, in particular the carrier layer. Before the coating, in particular the material of the metal layer is melted and / or converted into a liquid state.

• - Physikalische Gasphasenabscheidung (engl. Physical Vapour Deposition, PVD), wie
  • • Sputter-Deposition
  • • thermisches Verdampfen
• - Chemische Gasphasenabscheidung (engl. Chemical Vapour Deposition, CVD)
  • • plasmaunterstützte chemische Gasphasenabscheidung (engl.: physical-enhanced chemical vapour deposition, PECVD)
• - thermisches Spritzen
• - Galvanisieren.

Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided that the carrier layer, preferably the film layer, is coated, printed and / or metallized with a metallic and / or metal-containing material to form the metal layer. Metallization is understood to mean the coating of a material with a metal layer, whereby in principle various methods of thin-film technology can be used for the metallization:

• - Physical vapor deposition (PVD), such as
  • • Sputter deposition
  • • thermal evaporation
• - Chemical vapor deposition (CVD)
  • • Plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition (physical-enhanced chemical vapor deposition, PECVD)
• - thermal spraying
• - electroplating.

Printing on the carrier layer, in particular the film layer and / or the decorative layer, in particular not already printed, preferably in the form of a plastic film, is carried out by means of a digital, anodized, inkjet, offset, deep, flexo, screen and / or 3D printing and / or transfer printing, preferably thermal transfer printing, sublimation printing and / or direct printing. Alternatively or additionally, the pressure can be transferred by means of an embossing foil, preferably hot embossing foil and / or cold embossing foil, and / or applied by means of micro-contact and / or rotary coating. Ultimately, the aforementioned methods serve to apply the metal layer in such a way that the comparatively thin metal layer is firmly on the carrier layer, preferably the film layer.

In 3D printing, surface structures can be created during the printing process, in particular the metal layer. The preferred layer thickness of a metal layer applied by means of 3D printing is between 5 μm to 2000 μm, preferably between 10 μm to 1000 μm. Ultimately, it goes without saying that a printing process as a combination of 2D and 3D printing is also possible.

It is particularly preferred that the metal layer is applied to the carrier layer by electroplating.

In particular, an anodized, galvanized, chromated, chrome-plated, burnished and / or galvanic coating can be provided.

Alternatively or additionally, it is conceivable for the metal-containing coating to be applied by means of thermal spraying, wire flame spraying, powder flame spraying, arc spraying, plasma spraying and / or high-speed flame spraying (HVOF). The abovementioned possibilities of spray application enable the metal layer to be applied to the carrier layer in a targeted and purposeful manner, whereby comparatively small layer heights or layer thicknesses of the metal layer can be guaranteed and specifically only those areas of the carrier layer are metallized which have the metallic surface on the user side of the multilayer layer structure should generate.

In addition, it can also be provided according to the invention that the metal-containing coating of the metal layer is applied by means of vacuum coating, preferably vacuum evaporation, plasma coating, physical vapor deposition (PVD) and / or chemical vapor deposition (CVD).

The metallization can in principle be carried out with any of the materials of the metal layer mentioned above. Preferably, a carrier film with a very thin layer, in particular of pure aluminum in powder form with an aluminum content of at least 99.98%, is evaporated in a high vacuum. Metallization with zinc or alloy, a zinc-aluminum alloy and / or with copper is further preferred. Chromium, iron, gold, molybdenum, palladium, silver and / or titanium and their alloys, in particular nickel-chromium alloy, copper-aluminum alloy, constantan, monel and / or gold-tone alloys are also particularly preferred.

The processes of physical vapor deposition (PVD) are vacuum-based coating processes in which the coating material, in this case the metal, is converted into the gas phase using physical processes and then as a thin layer, i.e. as a metallization, on the substrate , in particular the carrier plate, condensed. Thermal evaporation and cathode sputtering (sputtering, in particular magnetron sputtering) are preferably used as the PVD method. Other process options include arc evaporation, ion plating, silver passivation and / or the sol-gel process. The metallization is preferably carried out from roll to roll of the backing layer, in particular the backing layer stored in roll form and designed as a plastic film.

It is advantageous that metallized polyethylene films, polypropylene films and / or polyamide films have very good barrier properties against oxygen, gases and moisture. The metallized film can also subsequently be printed, laminated against other films and / or used as a composite film.

Colored metallic effect foils or metallic effect foils with silver tones can also be used. Colored chrome effects or special effects, such as holograms in particular, are also preferably used.

The degree of gloss of the metallized carrier layer can vary between matt and high-gloss, the degree of gloss being determined by the method of application and the type of material. Ultimately, it goes without saying that the more shiny the surface of the carrier layer, the more intensely the metallic effect becomes visible.

It is very particularly preferably provided in connection with the invention that aluminum vapor deposition takes place. This is resource-saving and environmentally friendly, since only a minimal use of aluminum is necessary. Gold, copper and titanium have high raw material prices compared to aluminum. However, in order to be able to also imitate these shades optically, it is advantageous to choose a metallization with aluminum as the metal layer and a preferably translucently colored and / or pigmented plastic film, in particular a protective layer and / or film layer formed as a plastic film, preferably comprising polypropylene and / or to arrange polyethylene terephthalate (PET).

A gold tone can be created by using a translucent yellow pigmented film if a support layer coated with aluminum is used. The metallic sheen of the aluminum vaporization is still visible through the translucent colored film. With a transparent, red-brown colored foil, for example, a copper tone and / or with gray Color pigments are used to create the appearance of stainless steel and / or titanium.

As an alternative to using a colored and / or pigmented plastic film, in particular a protective layer and / or film layer designed as a plastic film, a transparent film can be provided on the top side with a pigmented, translucent coating, preferably a lacquer and / or a printed base, in particular with the Coating is formed as a protective layer. In this context, the aluminum vapor deposition can preferably be applied on the back of the film layer, facing away from the user side. If a translucent, translucent background is printed, an adhesion-promoting, transparent color-ink absorption layer can be provided on the top of the film layer.

The aforementioned colored and / or pigmented films, in particular the protective layer and / or film layer designed as a plastic film, can have a variable degree of translucency, the translucency depending on the desired optical effect between 0% (fully opaque) and 100% (transparent, crystal clear, clear), preferably between 10% and 70%, can be provided.

• - Nasskaschieren
  • - Verbindung mittels eines nassen Klebstoffs
• - Trockenkaschieren
  • - Verbindung mittels eines trockenen Klebstoffs
• - Thermokaschieren
  • - Verbindung ohne Klebstoff, mittels Wärme und/oder Druck.

In a further preferred embodiment of the method it is provided that the layers of the multilayered layer structure are connected to one another by lamination, by co-extrusion and / or lamination, in particular by means of a roll lamination method and / or surface lamination method. Laminating is understood to mean the joining of several layers of the same or different materials with the aid of suitable laminating agents, preferably lacquer, glue and / or wax. Basically, the lamination can be divided into three forms:

• - wet lamination
  • - Connection using a wet adhesive
• - dry lamination
  • - Connection using a dry adhesive
• - thermal lamination
  • - Connection without adhesive, by means of heat and / or pressure.

In the case of wet lamination, a viscose dispersion adhesive, in particular based on polyurethane, is applied to the film in layers, in particular with a layer thickness of 7 to 25 μm, and is first dried in a drying device. The adhesive is often two-component. The substrate is fed and combined with the film under pressure in a nip. The adhesive may then harden.

In the case of dry lamination, the layered composite is produced using a dry adhesive, in particular two-component reactive adhesives that can be used for lamination are predominantly matched to the respective substrates. The application techniques of the laminating system are preferably provided via kiss coating, anilox roller application, nozzle and / or casting box principle. In particular, application weights between 1 g / m ² and 20 g / m ^{2 are} achieved.

The film is precoated with a thermoreactive adhesive for thermal lamination. This can be melted by heat and combines the different materials with each other under the influence of pressure.

Lamination is understood to mean a material, thermal joining process that does not require the use of auxiliary materials. A lamination, preferably thin layers, can be connected to a carrier material by means of an adhesive. Hot lamination, cold lamination and lamination using presses can be differentiated as types of lamination.

In hot lamination a full-surface bond of the layer structure according to the invention is achieved on both sides under the action of pressure and heat, in particular at temperatures between 60 to 120 ° C. A possible combination of film thickness and mass per unit area of the carrier layer and the metal layer as well as the film layer allows flexible, still rollable, as well as rigid end products.

In the case of cold lamination, films are coated with an adhesive which has normal adhesive properties, preferably over a wide temperature range, in particular between -75 ° C and 500 ° C. In the connection between the backing layer, in particular paper, and the film layer and / or protective layer, the adhesive acts like a double-sided adhesive tape.

In a co-extrusion, plastic melts of the same type or alien are brought together before leaving a profile nozzle and then pressed out through a shaping opening.

In addition to the aforementioned methods, the layers, preferably in the form of plastic films, including the metal layer and / or a carrier layer and, if appropriate, a backing provided under the carrier layer can be thermally bonded to one another in one process step are, for example by hot pressing and / or hot bonding, in particular in a hot press and / or hot melt press and / or a short cycle press.

A further method for connecting the film layer and the metal layer is direct thermal joining, in particular the metal layer being electrically heated by resistance heating. If this is then brought together with the film layer, the plastic melts and forms a firm bond with the metal or the metal layer immediately after solidification.

In this context, it is particularly advantageous that the upper layer of the multilayered layer structure, in particular the protective layer and / or the film layer, has a PUR film layer on the underside as an adhesion promoter to the carrier layer. PUR is characterized by the fact that it has a low melting point, so that this plastic melts during thermal bonding and thus serves as an adhesive layer or adhesion promoter between the other layers of the top layer of the multi-layer layer structure and the metal layer.

Preferably, in particular on the upper side, facing the user side, at least in some areas at least one at least one-layer protective layer is applied to the film layer, the decorative layer and / or the metal layer. The protective layer can be designed as a protective film and / or protective coating. In particular, the protective layer is applied by means of painting, impregnation, lamination and / or film coating. The protective layer can be integrated in the multilayered layer structure and / or can be arranged on the front or the user side of the multilayered layer structure, in particular for protecting the layers underneath.

In addition, the protective layer can be dried after application, preferably by heat and / or infrared radiation. Alternatively or additionally, it is possible for the protective layer to be crosslinked after application, preferably by means of a hardener component. In particular, a two-component aqueous coating can be provided for crosslinking, the crosslinking being carried out by ultraviolet radiation, by electron beam curing (ESH) and / or heat. The protective layer is consequently applied to an already existing composite and then dried, so that the protective layer is firmly connected to the layers arranged below it and / or subsequently above it, in particular to the metal layer and / or the film layer.

• - Vernetzende wässrige Beschichtungen:
  • - UV-vernetzende wässrige Beschichtungen
    • - physikalische Trocknung durch Wärme in Trockenkanälen und/oder durch Infrarotstrahlung
    • - thermische Vernetzung durch ultraviolette Strahlung (UV)
    • - typische Trockenschichtdicken 8 bis 15 µm
  • - Hitze-vemetzende wässrige Beschichtungen
    • - chemische Vernetzung durch hohe Temperaturen in Trockenkanälen
    • - typische Trockenschichtdicken 8 bis 12 µm
  • - Zwei-Komponente wässrige Beschichtungen
    • - physikalische Trocknung durch Wärme in Trockenkanälen und/oder Infrarotstrahlung
    • - chemische Vernetzung durch die Härtekomponente
    • - typische Trockenschichtdicken 5 bis 20 µm
• - Vernetzende 100%-Systeme
  • - chemische Vernetzung und Härtung - z. B. durch ultraviolette Strahlung (UV)
  • - typische Trockenschichtdicken 10 bis 25 µm; in Zweischichtaufträgen auch bis 35 bis 40 µm
• - Thermische trocknende wässrige Dispersionen (nicht vernetzt)
  • - Verwendung meist als temporäre Beschichtung
  • - durch Grundreiniger entfernbar
  • - typische Trockenschichtdicken 5 bis 12 µm
  • - Härtung durch ESH-Technologie (Elektronenstrahlhärtung)

Different methods can be used to produce the protective layer, in particular the surface finish, which differ in particular in characteristic features:

• - Crosslinking aqueous coatings:
  • - UV-crosslinking aqueous coatings
    • - Physical drying by heat in drying channels and / or by infrared radiation
    • - thermal crosslinking by ultraviolet radiation (UV)
    • - Typical dry layer thicknesses 8 to 15 µm
  • - Heat-crosslinking aqueous coatings
    • - chemical cross-linking due to high temperatures in drying tunnels
    • - Typical dry layer thicknesses 8 to 12 µm
  • - Two-component aqueous coatings
    • - Physical drying by heat in drying channels and / or infrared radiation
    • - chemical crosslinking through the hardness component
    • - Typical dry layer thicknesses 5 to 20 µm
• - Cross-linking 100% systems
  • - chemical crosslinking and hardening - e.g. B. by ultraviolet radiation (UV)
  • - typical dry layer thicknesses 10 to 25 µm; in two-layer orders also up to 35 to 40 µm
• - Thermal drying aqueous dispersions (not cross-linked)
  • - Mostly used as a temporary coating
  • - Removable with basic cleaner
  • - Typical dry layer thicknesses 5 to 12 µm
  • - Hardening using ESH technology (electron beam hardening)

According to a very particularly preferred embodiment of the inventive concept, at least one decorative layer is applied on the user side of the multilayered layer structure, the film layer, protective layer and / or metal layer facing and / or facing away. In addition, a large number of decorative layers can be applied to the above-mentioned layers, in particular for optically influencing the decor of the multilayered layer structure. The decorative layer can be produced by partial and / or full-surface printing and / or coating of the film layer, the protective layer and / or the metal layer. In particular, the decorative layer is printed in a targeted and / or functional manner as a function of the metal layer.

The decorative layer can be applied as a coating, in particular by means of a painting process and / or printing process, in particular in rotogravure printing, screen printing, gravure printing, anodizing printing, offset printing, flexographic printing, 3D printing, digital printing, transfer printing, preferably thermal transfer printing, sublimation printing and / or direct printing, and / or or by means of an embossing foil, preferably hot stamping foil and / or cold stamping foil.

The decorative layer is particularly preferably printed in digital printing. Both digital multi-pass and single-pass technology can be used for digital printing. Eco-solvent, latex and / or UV-curing inks are particularly preferably used. In particular, water-based printing inks are used according to the invention. In addition, gravure-identical color pigments - decorative gravure - can be used in the digital printing process and / or in other printing processes. For rotogravure printing and / or digital printing, the printing width is in particular between 5 cm and 300 cm, preferably greater than 60 cm, in particular between 125 cm and 225 cm.

Printing is preferably carried out by industrial decor printing on an industrial decor printing machine. The decorative layer in the sense of this invention is based in particular on the imitation of material textures, such as wood, stone, concrete, tile and metal optics, as well as graphic decors and creative fantasy decors, in particular whereby the aforementioned optics can also be combined with one another. Decors of this type are particularly suitable for the design of surfaces for the preferred areas of application. According to the invention, a large number of new design possibilities are achieved in the interplay of decor printing with metallic material.

Transparent and / or translucent areas of the decorative layer can be achieved by printing with glazing, non-opaque printing inks, which in particular allow the metallic material of the metal layer to show through, so that the metal character and in particular the metallic gloss remain optically recognizable. Depending on the desired optical effect, the translucency of a print can be between 0% translucent (fully opaque) and 100% translucent (crystal-clear), preferably between 50 to 100%. The metal layer is thus preferably clearly visible.

The protective layer, the film layer and / or the metal layer is / are preferably subjected to a mechanical surface treatment. In particular, the mechanical surface treatment is carried out in such a way that a structured surface of the abovementioned layers can be achieved, which in particular is still at least partially present on the user side of the multilayer layer structure. Polishing, sandblasting, satinizing, glass bead blasting, grinding, milling, drilling, scoring, brushing, lasering, engraving, laser engraving and / or embossing can be provided as the mechanical surface treatment. A so-called “butler finish” can be achieved with the metal layer using a brushing process.

Furthermore, the metal layer can be subjected to a chemical surface treatment, patination and / or coloring. Etching, preferably with an acidic material, of the metal layer can be provided as the chemical surface treatment. As a result, the metal layer is structured in a targeted manner, for example for improved adhesion with the layers to be arranged on the metal layer.

According to a further embodiment of the method, the metal layer can be demetallized at least in regions. Ultimately, it is possible according to the invention for the metal layer to be applied over the entire surface and for the metal layer and / or the metal-containing coating to be removed in individual regions. In this way, for example, conductor tracks can be generated.

Furthermore, the film layer can be produced by extrusion, casting, calendering and / or blow molding. Ultimately, the film layer is designed in the manner of a film, in particular a plastic film.

The film layer, the carrier layer and / or the protective layer are preferably pretreated before printing and / or coating, in particular with a corona treatment, flame treatment, plasma treatment and / or fluorination. The pretreatment is preferably used to produce an adhesion-promoting, in particular transparent, color ink-receiving layer and / or to produce an adhesion-promoting layer. A corona treatment is understood to be an electrochemical process for the surface modification of plastics, wherein the polarity of the surface can be increased by the corona treatment, whereby the wettability and chemical affinity are significantly improved. The aforementioned layers are exposed to a high-voltage electrical discharge during corona treatment. In the flame treatment, a flame treatment at a temperature of in particular 1000 ° C. can be provided, the molecular chains of the aforementioned layers being broken up and the oxygen molecules contained in the flame being incorporated. In this way, improved liability can be achieved, which is particularly advantageous for further processing. When it comes to fluorination the introduction of fluorine into organic compounds by means of fluorinating agents is provided.

The decorative layer can be printed directly on the untreated material and / or on a color ink absorption layer, which has been applied in particular to the metal layer and / or the film layer. The color ink receiving layer is designed as an adhesion-promoting and / or transparent layer.

Furthermore, the film layer and / or the at least single-layer protective layer can be extruded and / or laminated onto the metal layer. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one-layer protective layer can be extruded and / or laminated onto the film layer. Lacquer, glue and / or wax are used in particular as laminating agents.

The decorative layer, the protective layer and / or the film layer can preferably be designed as a preliminary product or intermediate product and be produced separately from the metal layer and only be connected to the metal layer and / or the carrier layer in a further subsequent process step.

A layered composite of the film layer, the protective layer and / or the preliminary product can form a composite film. The individual layers of the composite film can be extruded or laminated or laminated. The production can be carried out by laminating several layers of the same or different materials or layers, in particular plastic films. Suitable laminating agents such as lacquer, glue and / or wax can also be used. Is laminated to protect and / or decorate a material and / or to achieve an addition of favorable material properties. The material can be applied on or under a layer with the desired properties or placed between two layers. For printing, gluing and / or coating a plastic film, preferably the film layer, a corona pretreatment is generally necessary - as mentioned above - for some plastic materials, in particular polyethylene, polypropylene and / or polyethylene terephthalate. The surface to be treated is exposed to an electrical corona discharge for a short time. Alternatives to corona treatment are flame treatment, plasma treatment and fluorination. Processing is preferably carried out from the roll, in particular the roll laminating machine, or as surface lamination, in particular with a surface lamination system.

The aforementioned composite film can in particular be provided on the underside with a melamine-coated paper as the connecting layer. It is advantageous here that the composite film can be pressed in a short-cycle press, in particular on a wood material such as HDF and / or MDF. The pressing takes place under pressure and heat, especially at temperatures of 160 to 200 ° C. The melamine becomes liquid in the resin-coated paper and combines with the HDF board through the pressing process. The melamine-coated paper takes on the adapter function for processing the composite film in a short-cycle press. The prerequisite for technical feasibility is in particular the use of a composite film according to the invention, which is preferably stable in a temperature range from 160 to 200 ° C. Ultimately, this means that the individual components of the composite film used, such as the plastic and / or the laminating adhesive, must meet these temperature requirements. For example, the melting range of polypropylene is around 160 ° C +/- 10 ° C. Polyethylene terephthalate has a melting point of 250 ° C +/- 10 ° C. Polyurethane has a melting point of 190 ° C +/- 10 ° C.

When forming the film layer as a transparent melamine layer, it is particularly appropriate that one or more transparent overlays are applied to the metal layer. The, preferably partially interrupted, decorative layer can be printed using one of the previously described printing methods, preferably directly on the metal layer and / or on the underside or top side of the overlay. The overlay is preferably connected to the metal layer by thermal bonding, in particular hot pressing, preferably using a short-cycle pressing device and / or by gluing or hot gluing.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, an element for use as a floor, wall, ceiling, furniture, decoration, interior construction element, preferably strip, profile, edge, door and / or window element, facade element , Wallpaper, car interior, car exterior and / or outdoor covering element with a multi-layer structure according to one of the previously described embodiments and an at least single-layer substrate layer.

By using the multilayered layer structure, a metallic surface can be created on the user side or user surface of the element, which is both resource-saving and low in manufacturing costs.

In this context, it goes without saying that advantageous designs and the advantages of the multilayered layer structure described above also relate to the use of the let apply element of the invention. In addition, the multilayer layer structure can preferably have been produced according to at least one of the previously described embodiments of the method.

In a particularly preferred embodiment it is provided that the background layer has at least one carrier plate. The multilayered layer structure can be arranged on the carrier plate, in particular wherein the carrier plate ensures high stability of the element and is preferably not designed to be flexible. The carrier board can be used as gypsum plasterboard, gypsum fibreboard, plaster base, coarse chipboard (OSB chipboard), high density fiberboard (high density fiber board; HDF board), perfluorocarbon board (PFC board), medium density wood fiber board (medium density fiber board; MDF board), Particle board and / or wood-plastic composite board (WPC board) may be formed. The carrier plate can also be used as a high pressure laminate (HPL), low pressure laminate (LPL), direct pressure laminate (DPL), continuous pressure laminate (CPL) and / or decorative laminate (DKS), stone-based, porcelain stoneware, mineral, ceramic , cement-based and / or gypsum-based substrate layer. Ultimately, the material of the background layer and / or the carrier plate is used depending on the use of the element. According to the invention, the multilayered layer structure can be arranged on a wide variety of substrates of the element and can produce an at least partially metallic surface thereon.

Furthermore, the carrier plate can have a, preferably elastic, plastic material. A thermosetting and / or thermoplastic material can be provided as the plastic material. Also preferred as the plastic material is polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethane (PUR), polyethylene (PE), polyester, in particular polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and / or polypropylene (PP), natural fiber reinforced plastic (NFK), perflurocarbone (PFC), a polyolefin chlorine-free plastic and / or an elastomer are provided. Furthermore, the carrier plate can have and / or consist of linoleum, rubber, cork, solid wood, wood-based materials, a compact laminate and / or metal, in particular a metal sheet.

The base layer is preferably firmly connected to the multi-layer structure, in particular the base layer being glued to the multi-layer structure. The adhesive layer, which is preferably designed as a connecting layer, can be provided on the underside of the multilayered layer structure, which is connected to the upper side of the underlying layer facing the multilayered layer structure. In principle, there are also other options for a firm connection to the substrate layer.

According to a further embodiment of the inventive concept, the background layer has a middle layer. The middle layer can have a plastic-containing and / or mineral material. The material used can be polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethane (PUR), linoleum, an elastomer, a cork, a polyolefin, a chlorine-free plastic, acrylate, a foam, rubber, a mineral material and / or a mixture of materials, in particular from the aforementioned materials, be provided. Ultimately, it goes without saying that the background layer can have a plurality of layers.

The element can preferably be produced independently of the multilayered layer structure, so that the multilayered layer structure can be applied to different elements, in particular without the elements being complicatedly pretreated and / or prepared.

In addition, the middle layer can be a high-density fibreboard (HDF), a medium-density fibreboard (MDF board), chipboard, a high pressure laminate board (HPL board), continuous pressure laminate board (CPL board), a compact laminate (DKS), preferably have and / or consist of polyethylene (PE), low pressure laminate (LPL), direct pressure laminate (DPL), metal, wood-plastic composite (WPC), a wood-based material, solid wood, glass, paper and / or cardboard.

In a further preferred embodiment it is provided that the base layer, preferably above and / or below the middle layer, has a reinforcement layer, in particular wherein the reinforcement layer has jute and / or glass fiber reinforcement. The reinforcement layer can be provided to increase the stability of the underlying layer, in particular the middle layer.

Furthermore, the base layer, in particular on the underside, facing away from the user side, can have a back layer, in particular wherein the back layer has a plastic material. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethane (PUR), linoleum, an elastomer, a polyolefin and / or a chlorine-free plastic can be provided as the plastic material for the back layer. Furthermore, the back layer can have a metallic material, in particular a metallic foil, and / or glass and / or cork.

In a particularly preferred embodiment it is provided that at least one Edge contours, preferably on all edge sides, locking contours are provided. The locking contours are provided in particular on the edge sides of the substrate layer and / or of the element. The locking contours serve to connect elements that are to be arranged directly next to one another. Especially when using the element as a floor, wall, ceiling, facade covering and / or as a furniture element, a so-called click system with corresponding locking contours is advantageous for quick and / or easy laying of the covering. The locking contours can be designed to correspond to one another and / or to be complementary on opposite edge sides. A tongue and groove connection is preferably provided as the locking contour. The tongue and groove connection is known in particular in the case of laminate and / or parquet and / or in the case of a wall, ceiling and / or floor covering and is established in practice.

Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for producing an element according to one of the previously described embodiments. According to the invention, the multilayered layer structure is connected to the base layer, in particular pressed, laminated, glued and / or laminated. In particular, a roll lamination process and / or a surface lamination process can be used for this.

In a preferred embodiment of the method, it is provided that the individual layers of the layer structure, with the exception of the decorative layer and the metal layer, are connected to one another with the substrate layer in one method step. A connection preferably takes place via pressing, in particular hot pressing and / or lamination, in particular roll lamination processes and / or surface lamination processes and / or lamination and / or gluing.

In principle, the individual layers of the element and / or the layer structure can be joined by variants of the manufacturing processes described above, in particular by changing the type and sequence of the joining. In particular, components, background layers and / or carrier layers made of metallic material can also be produced first, which are then printed, in particular in the direct printing process and / or digital printing process, and then provided with the film layer and / or the protective layer, preferably in the form of a translucent coating ,

Preferred configurations and / or advantages result in accordance with the previous explanations for the multilayered layer structure, method for producing the layer structure and / or for the element.

Furthermore, the invention relates to the use of a layer arrangement for an element for use as a floor, wall, ceiling, furniture, decoration, interior construction element, preferably strip, profile, edge, door and / or window element, Facade, wallpaper, car interior, car exterior and / or outdoor covering element with a metal layer and a carrier layer.

It is provided according to the invention that the layer arrangement is designed according to one of the previously described embodiments or is characterized according to one of the previously described features. In particular, the layer arrangement is an alternative solution to the layer structure of the aforementioned type according to the invention. All the advantages and possible uses of the layer structure according to the invention described above can also be applied to the layer arrangement according to the invention. To avoid repetition, reference is made to the previous explanations.

It goes without saying that the metal layer and / or the carrier layer is designed according to at least one of the above-described embodiments, in particular wherein the carrier layer is designed as a paper layer. The metal layer can furthermore in particular be designed as a metal foil and / or as a metallic coating, preferably as a metallization, and / or metallic coating and / or coating and / or as a metallic printing.

A film layer, a decorative layer and / or a protective layer, in particular a protective coating, of the aforementioned type can optionally be provided in the layer arrangement.

The metal layer is preferably arranged directly on the carrier layer, in particular firmly connected to the latter.

In addition, the layer arrangement can have locking contours of the aforementioned type on the edge sides, in particular the carrier plate has the locking contours.

Another alternative solution to the problem is according to the use of a metal layer designed as a carrier plate for an element for use as a floor, wall, ceiling, furniture, decoration, interior construction element, preferably strip, profile, edge, door - And / or window element, facade, wallpaper, car interior, car exterior and / or outdoor covering element provided.

It is provided according to the invention that the metal layer is formed according to one of the previously described embodiments or is characterized according to one of the previously described features. In particular, the metal layer is an alternative solution to the layer structure of the aforementioned type according to the invention. All the advantages and possible uses of the layer structure according to the invention described above can also be applied to the metal layer according to the invention designed as a carrier plate. To avoid repetition, reference is made to the previous explanations.

The metal layer is preferably not flexible and / or not elastic, but rather rigid and / or rigid.

It goes without saying that the metal layer is designed according to at least one of the previously described embodiments, in particular wherein the metal layer is designed as a metal plate and / or sheet metal and / or extruded profile.

In addition, the metal layer formed as a carrier plate can have locking contours of the aforementioned type on the edge sides.

A film layer, a decorative layer and / or a protective layer, in particular a protective coating, of the aforementioned type can optionally be arranged on the metal layer designed as a carrier plate.

It is expressly pointed out that all specified intervals and all intermediate intervals contained in the range boundaries and also all individual values contained therein are regarded as essential to the invention, even if these intermediate intervals and individual values are not specified in detail.

Further features, advantages and possible uses of the present invention result from the following description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawing and the drawing itself. All of the described and / or illustrated features form the subject matter of the present invention independently or in any combination Summary in the claims and their relationship.

• 1 eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung eines mehrlagigen Schichtaufbaus,
• 2 eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen mehrlagigen Schichtaufbaus,
• 3 eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines mehrlagigen Schichtaufbaus,
• 4 eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen mehrlagigen Schichtaufbaus,
• 5 eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines mehrlagigen Schichtaufbaus,
• 6 eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen mehrlagigen Schichtaufbaus,
• 7 eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen mehrlagigen Schichtaufbaus,
• 8 eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen mehrlagigen Schichtaufbaus,
• 9 eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen mehrlagigen Schichtaufbaus,
• 10 eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung in einer Explosionsansicht einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen mehrlagigen Schichtaufbaus,
• 11 eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung in einer Explosionsansicht einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen mehrlagigen Schichtaufbaus,
• 12 eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung in einer Explosionsansicht einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen mehrlagigen Schichtaufbaus,
• 13 eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung in einer Explosionsansicht einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen mehrlagigen Schichtaufbaus,
• 14 eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung in einer Explosionsansicht einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen mehrlagigen Schichtaufbaus,
• 15 eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung in einer Explosionsansicht einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen mehrlagigen Schichtaufbaus,
• 16 eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung in einer Explosionsansicht einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen mehrlagigen Schichtaufbaus,
• 17 eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Elementes,
• 18 eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Elementes,
• 19 eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Elementes,
• 20 eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Elementes,
• 21 eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Elementes,
• 22 eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Elementes,
• 23 eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines Elementes,
• 24 eine schematische perspektivische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Trägerplatte,
• 25 eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung der in 24 gezeigten Trägerplatte,
• 26 eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung der in 24 und 25 gezeigten Trägerplatte,
• 27 eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines mehrlagigen Schichtaufbaus,
• 28 eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Elementes und
• 29 eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Elementes.

It shows:

• 1 2 shows a schematic cross-sectional representation of a multilayered layer structure,
• 2 2 shows a schematic cross-sectional representation of a multi-layer structure according to the invention,
• 3 2 shows a schematic cross-sectional representation of a further embodiment of a multilayered layer structure,
• 4 2 shows a schematic cross-sectional representation of a further embodiment of a multi-layer structure according to the invention,
• 5 2 shows a schematic cross-sectional representation of a further embodiment of a multilayered layer structure,
• 6 2 shows a schematic cross-sectional representation of a further embodiment of a multi-layer structure according to the invention,
• 7 2 shows a schematic cross-sectional representation of a further embodiment of a multi-layer structure according to the invention,
• 8th 2 shows a schematic cross-sectional representation of a further embodiment of a multi-layer structure according to the invention,
• 9 2 shows a schematic cross-sectional representation of a further embodiment of a multi-layer structure according to the invention,
• 10 2 shows a schematic cross-sectional illustration in an exploded view of a further embodiment of a multilayered layer structure according to the invention,
• 11 2 shows a schematic cross-sectional illustration in an exploded view of a further embodiment of a multilayered layer structure according to the invention,
• 12 2 shows a schematic cross-sectional illustration in an exploded view of a further embodiment of a multilayered layer structure according to the invention,
• 13 2 shows a schematic cross-sectional illustration in an exploded view of a further embodiment of a multilayered layer structure according to the invention,
• 14 2 shows a schematic cross-sectional illustration in an exploded view of a further embodiment of a multilayered layer structure according to the invention,
• 15 2 shows a schematic cross-sectional illustration in an exploded view of a further embodiment of a multilayered layer structure according to the invention,
• 16 2 shows a schematic cross-sectional illustration in an exploded view of a further embodiment of a multilayered layer structure according to the invention,
• 17 2 shows a schematic cross-sectional representation of an element according to the invention,
• 18 2 shows a schematic cross-sectional representation of a further embodiment of an element according to the invention,
• 19 2 shows a schematic cross-sectional representation of a further embodiment of an element according to the invention,
• 20 2 shows a schematic cross-sectional representation of a further embodiment of an element according to the invention,
• 21 2 shows a schematic cross-sectional representation of a further embodiment of an element according to the invention,
• 22 2 shows a schematic cross-sectional representation of a further embodiment of an element according to the invention,
• 23 2 shows a schematic cross-sectional representation of a further embodiment of an element,
• 24 2 shows a schematic perspective illustration of a carrier plate according to the invention,
• 25 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the in 24 carrier plate shown,
• 26 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the in 24 and 25 carrier plate shown,
• 27 2 shows a schematic cross-sectional representation of a further embodiment of a multilayered layer structure,
• 28 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an element according to the invention and
• 29 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a further embodiment of the element according to the invention.

The 2 shows a multi-layer structure 1 with a decorative layer 7 and a metallic or metal-containing metal layer 4 , The in 2 Multi-layer structure shown 1 is for an element 2 for use as a floor, wall, ceiling, furniture, decoration, interior construction element, preferably strip, profile, edge, door and / or window element, facade, wallpaper, car interior, car -Exterior and / or outdoor covering element provided.

It is not shown that the film layer 3 and / or the decorative layer 7 is at least partially transparent and / or translucent. The aforementioned formation of the film layer 3 and / or the decorative layer 7 allows that top, from the user side 6 considered from the multi-layer structure 1 the metal layer 4 is at least partially visible to an outside observer with the naked eye, preferably optically recognizable and / or optically visible. The metal layer 4 consequently shines through the film layer 3 and / or the decorative layer 7 at least in some areas.

In 1 is shown that the metal layer 4 top of a film layer 3 is arranged, the metal layer 4 not all over the film layer 3 must be provided, i.e. areas of the film layer 3 remain free. In 2 is again shown that the metal layer 4 below the film layer 3 is arranged.

In the in 2 The embodiment shown is the decorative layer 7 above the metal layer 4 and below the film layer 3 arranged. Ultimately, it goes without saying that the arrangement of the decorative layer 7 may vary in other embodiments.

Furthermore, in the 2 illustrated embodiment, the metal layer 4 immediately with the decorative layer 7 connected. The layers 4, 7 are firmly or permanently connected to one another.

2 further shows that the metal layer 4 indirectly with the film layer 3 is firmly connected. The indirect bond means that between the film layer 3 and the metal layer 4 at least one further layer is arranged. At the in 6 The embodiment shown is the film layer 3 directly connected to the metal layer.

4 shows that the multi-layer structure 1 at least in some areas - according to the exemplary embodiment shown over the entire surface - a carrier layer 5 having. The metal layer 4 is in the in 4 illustrated embodiment directly on the carrier layer 5 arranged. In further embodiments, the metal layer 4 also indirectly on the carrier layer 5 be arranged. The metal layer 4 is in the in 4 Embodiment shown solid and inseparable - that is, not separable without destruction - with the carrier layer 5 connected. In addition, the metal layer 4 on top of the carrier layer 5 , the user page 6 facing, arranged. At the in 4 The embodiment shown is over the metal layer 4 still the film layer 3 intended.

At the in 1 shown embodiment it is provided that the film layer 3 as a carrier layer 5 for the metal layer 4 is formed, the carrier layer 5 - and consequently the film layer 3 - Used to arrange the metal layer 4 ,

It is not shown that the film layer 3 can be formed as a partial surface layer.

In addition, it is not shown that the decorative layer 7 over the entire surface and / or as a support layer 5 is trained.

3 shows that the multi-layer structure 1 a protective layer at least in some areas 8th having. In the embodiment shown here, the protective layer 8th above, the user page 6 facing the metal layer 4 arranged. In further embodiments, the protective layer 8th to the film layer 3 who have favourited Backing Layer 5 and / or the decorative layer 7 be arranged. In addition, the protective layer 8th can also be formed in several layers, as is shown, for example, in 12 is shown. At the in 3 shown embodiment it is provided that the protective layer 8th is designed as a protective film. At the in 6 The embodiment shown is the protective layer 8th designed as a protective coating. A coating, impregnation, lamination and / or film coating can be provided as a protective coating.

In a further embodiment, not shown, it is provided that the protective layer 8th who have favourited Foil Layer 3 and / or the carrier layer 5 is / are at least partially transparent and / or translucent. The aforementioned formation of the protective layer 8th is in particular such that the metal layer 4 from the user side 6 is optically recognizable and / or optically visible at least in some areas. In addition, the protective layer 8th who have favourited Foil Layer 3 and / or the carrier layer 5 also have pigmentation and / or colored, preferably colored through, and / or painted on the top and / or underside.

At the in 4 illustrated embodiment, it is provided that the film layer 3 as a protective layer 8th is trained. The film layer 3 accordingly protects the underlying layer structure from mechanical stress and consequently increases the abrasion and wear resistance.

In 12 is shown that a plurality of at least single-layer protective layers 8th in the multi-layer structure 1 is integrated. In this case, one, in particular in the middle of the multilayered layer structure 1 edged, protective layer 8th as a damping layer 9 be trained, such as in 17 shown.

7 shows that the film layer 3 is printed at least in some areas, so that a decorative layer having a decor 7 on the film layer 3 is arranged. The film layer 3 is transparent and / or translucent in the unprinted areas, so that the underlying metal layer 4 from the user side 6 is optically recognizable. It is not shown that the film layer 3 is translucent in the printed areas.

An at least partial printing of the metal layer 4 is in 2 shown with the film layer 3 is at least partially transparent and / or translucent.

The decorative layer 7 can on the metal layer 4 , such as in the 2 . 4 and 6 shown, be arranged. Furthermore, the decorative layer 7 also on the film layer 3 (see. 7 ) be upset. The decorative layer 7 can also over the backing layer 5 be arranged, such as 13 shows. 14 shows that the decorative layer 7 on the at least one-layer protective layer 8th has been applied. The decorative layer 7 can by printing and / or coating the film layer 3 , the metal layer 4 , the carrier layer 5 and / or the protective layer 8th be generated. The decorative layer 7 can be formed either as a partial or as a full surface layer. In the 2 is a partial formation of the decorative layer 7 shown so that this only in some areas on the metal layer 4 has been applied.

It is not shown that the decorative layer 7 is at least partially transparent and / or translucent, in such a way that the metal layer 4 , from the user page 6 viewed from, at least partially visible. A visibility of the metal layer 4 is characterized by the fact that it is optically recognizable and / or optically translucent. As a result, the metallic surface of the multilayered layer structure 1 be generated.

The decorative layer 7 can be designed as printing and / or coating. The decorative layer designed as a coating 7 can in turn be designed as a lacquer, coating and / or as a film, in particular as an adhesive film, preferably based on paper and / or plastic.

It is not shown that the, preferably printed, decorative layer 7 at least in some areas a decor based on the imitation of a material and / or a texture, in particular a natural material and / or a natural texture, preferably based on a wood, stone material and / or concrete, tile, ceramic, metal material and / or Basis of a graphic and / or a photographic and / or typographic elements and / or a decor with a natural and / or artificial patina texture.

8th shows that the outside of the multi-layer structure 1 , in the illustrated embodiment below, the user page 6 turned away from the metal layer 4 a tie layer 10 is arranged. The connection layer 10 is designed as a resin-coated paper layer or adhesive layer. In further embodiments, the connection layer 10 a paper layer resinated with melamine resin and / or an adhesive layer, which preferably has a polyacrylate adhesive, and / or a layer comprising paper, nonwoven and / or fabric can be provided.

The connection layer 10 can have a compensation, protection, adhesive, adhesive, damping, connection and / or adapter function.

In the 2 shown metal layer 4 is designed as a metal foil. In further embodiments, the metal layer 4 have or consist of a metal sheet and / or as a metal foil or metal-containing coating, such as in 1 shown, be trained.

3 shows that the metal layer 4 can be formed as a metallization, as a metallic and / or metal-containing printing, painting and / or coating, and specifically as a metallization of the carrier layer 5 that, for example, in 3 as a film layer 3 is trained. In further embodiments, the metal layer 4 as metallization, as metallic and / or metal-containing printing, painting and / or coating of the film layer 3 and / or the protective layer 8th be trained.

In the illustrated exemplary embodiments, it is not shown that the metal layer 4 is at least partially transparent and / or translucent. In this context it is understood that the metal layer 4 can be generated by metallization and / or printing.

5 shows that the metal layer 4 both top, the user side 6 facing, and on the underside of the carrier layer 5 that in the in 5 illustrated embodiment as a film layer 3 is formed, is provided. Consequently, a plurality of metal layers 4 in the layer structure 1 be integrated.

The metal-containing coating of the metal layer 4 may have been applied by means of thermal spraying, preferably wire flame spraying, powder flame spraying, arc spraying, plasma spraying and / or high-speed flame spraying (HVOF), and / or by means of powder coating, in particular electrostatic powder coating (EPS), and / or by vortex sintering and / or by means of vacuum coating.

In 1 is shown that the metal layer 4 has a layer thickness of 60 nm. In further embodiments, the metal layer 4 have a layer thickness of 5 nm to 25 µm.

Next shows 1 that the metal-containing coating - the metal layer 4 - and the carrier layer 5 have a total layer thickness of 10 µm. In further embodiments, the total layer thickness of the carrier layer can 5 which in particular as a film layer 3 is formed, and the metal layer 4 are between 0.5 µm and 1000 µm.

The metal layer 4 can comprise and / or consist of a metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, chromium, iron, gold, copper, molybdenum, palladium, titanium, silver, tin, zinc and lead and their mixtures. In addition, the metal layer 4 an alloy of aluminum, chrome, iron, gold, copper, molybdenum, palladium, titanium, silver, tin, zinc and / or lead, in particular on steel alloy, stainless steel alloy, copper alloy, preferably brass and / or bronze, nickel-chrome alloy, Have copper-aluminum alloy, constantan, Monel and / or gold-tone alloy, and / or consist thereof.

Furthermore, the metal layer 4 have and / or consist of a semimetal and / or a semimetal alloy.

In the 1 is shown that the metal layer 4 is fully formed.

In addition, the metal layer 4 also be partially formed, such as this 28 shows.

It is not shown that the metal layer 4 is designed as a sheet. The metal layer, in particular in the form of a metal sheet 4 has a layer thickness of 0.1 mm to 20 mm.

In 2 is shown that the metal layer 4 is designed as an aluminum foil with a pure aluminum content of greater than 90%. The metal foil shown in the illustrated embodiment has a layer thickness of 80 µm +/- 10 µm. In further embodiments, the metal foil can have a layer thickness of 0.1 μm to 1000 μm.

In addition, it is not shown that the metal layer 4 is designed as a cast and / or drawn metal, in particular as an aluminum extruded profile and / or as an extruded profile.

At the in 4 shown embodiment it is provided that the metal layer 4 has been applied as a coating, in particular by means of a painting process and / or printing process. Suitable printing processes are, for example, digital printing, flexographic printing, screen printing, rotogravure printing, anodizing printing, offset printing, 3D printing, direct printing, transfer printing, preferably thermal transfer printing, sublimation printing and / or gravure printing. Alternatively or additionally, the metal layer 4 as a coating by means of an embossing film, preferably by means of a hot stamping film and / or a cold stamping film. The metal layer applied as a coating 4 has a layer thickness of 5 nm to 400 µm. The in the 4 coating of the metal layer shown 4 has a layer thickness of 200 µm +/- 20 µm.

In the 3 shown metal layer 4 has metal pigments. The metal pigments can have a brass alloy, copper, gold, silver and / or aluminum.

It is not shown that the metal layer 4 Has metallic effect pigments, preferably in the form of a brass alloy, copper, gold, silver and / or aluminum, and / or interference pigments and / or pearlescent pigments.

In addition, it is not shown that the metal layer 4 and the backing layer 5 are formed as a hologram film and / or have a hologram. The entire multi-layer structure 1 can be designed as a hologram film that is on an element 2 can be applied.

The film layer shown in the illustrated exemplary embodiments 3 and / or that, preferably as a film layer 3 trained, backing layer 5 and / or the protective layer 8th can have a plastic material. This plastic can be based on synthetic and / or semi-synthetic polymers. In particular, elastomeric, thermoplastic and / or thermosetting plastics are used. The plastic can for example be selected from the group of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), cast polyvinyl chloride, polyester (PES), polyester with a surface containing polyvinyl chloride, perfluorocarbons (PFC), polyurethane (PUR), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polypropylene (PP) , natural fiber reinforced plastic (NFK), cast propylene (CPP), oriented propylene (OPP), biaxial oriented propylene (BOPP), polyetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyethylene (PE), high density polyethylene (HDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), polyamide (PA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET / PETP), polystyrene (PS), biaxially oriented polyester film (BOPET), polyactide (PLA, PDLA, PLLA and / or PDLLA), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) , Polycarbonate (PC), polyester carbonate (PEC), polyether sulfone (PES), polyimide (PI), polyarylate (PAR), unsaturated polyester resin (UP), cast alkyd resin film, cast acrylic resin layer, polyetherimide (PEI), pol yetherketone (PAEK / PEEK), polyactide (PLA), cellulose acetate and starch blends and their mixtures.

It is not shown that the film layer 3 and / or the carrier layer 5 and / or the protective layer 8th is / are designed as a melamine layer and / or has melamine. The melamine layer can be transparent and / or translucent at least in some areas.

Furthermore, the film layer 3 and / or carrier layer 5 and / or the protective layer 8th as a material a biopolymer and / or a biopolymer, preferably a biodegradable material and / or a biogenic raw material, in particular a material made of organic substances, preferably a vegetable and / or living substance and / or raw material, especially based on wood, Cellulose, lignin, starch, sugar, vegetable oil, chitin, casein, gelatin, crab shells, animal and / or vegetable proteins, fungi, insects, bacteria, zein and / or algae, and / or consist thereof.

The biopolymer film layer 3 and / or the carrier layer 5 and / or the protective layer 8th can polyvinyl alcohol (PVAL), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polycaprolactone (PCL), polyactide (PLA), bio-copolyester, terpolyester, bio-polyurethane (bio-PUR), bio-polyamide (bio-PA), starch polymer, preferably thermoplastic starch (TPS), cellulose polymers, lignin, vegetable oil-based biopolymers, such as rapeseed oil, castor oil, soybean oil and / or sunflower oil, chitin, chitosan, casein plastics (CS / CSF), gelatin, polyester, thermoplastic biopolyester, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PT Polyethylene furanoate (PEF), polysaccharides (multiple sugar), bio-based acids, such as succinic acid and / or lactic acid, polyhydroxybutyric acid (PHB), polyamino acids and / or lipids.

In the 4 shown film layer 3 has a layer thickness of 200 µm. In further embodiments, the film layer 3 have a layer thickness between 1 µm and 2500 µm.

It is not shown that the film layer 3 has pigmentation and / or colored, preferably colored through and / or painted on the top and / or underside.

The 11 shows in a partially exploded view different layers of the multilayer structure 1 , It also shows 11 that the protective layer 8th a color ink receiving layer 11 has or a color ink receiving layer 11 on the protective layer 8th is arranged. In the 10 is shown that a color ink-receiving layer 11 on the metal layer 4 has been applied. A color ink-receiving layer can also be used 11 on the film layer 3 , as in 12 shown, be provided. The color ink recording layer 11 can be generated by pre-treatment and serves as an adhesion-promoting layer.

The backing layer 5 may have cellulose, natural fiber, synthetic fiber, plastic, in particular an elastomeric plastic and / or rubber, metal, wood, foam, wood-based materials, wood-plastic composite materials, such as wood-plastic composite (WPC), cork and / or linoleum and / or consist of it. Furthermore, the carrier layer 5 as a plastic film, multi-layer fiber composite material, preferably high pressure laminate (HPL), low pressure laminate (LPL), direct pressure laminate (DPL), continuous pressure laminate (CPL) and / or decorative laminate (DKS), paper, cardboard, fleece, textile , preferably a fabric, knitted fabric and / or felt, stone-based, porcelain stoneware-based, mineral, ceramic, cement-based and / or gypsum-based substrate and / or glass and / or as a glass-based material.

The protective layer shown in the illustrated exemplary embodiments 8th can have a thermoplastic and / or elastomeric plastic material. The protective layer 8th may preferably have polyurethane (PUR), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP) and / or polyethylene (PE), in particular as a coating of the aforementioned materials.

In further embodiments it is provided that the protective layer 8th a water-miscible and / or a water-dilutable, preferably transparent, polyurethane (PUR) lacquer, an acrylate lacquer, an elastic lacquer, a polyester lacquer, an electron beam hardened lacquer (ESH lacquer), an alkyd resin lacquer, a dispersion lacquer, an lacquer containing an acrylic polymer , a high solid varnish, a phenol varnish, a urea varnish, a melamine resin varnish, a polyester paint, a polystyrene varnish, a polyvinyl resin varnish, a polyurethane resin varnish, a powder varnish, a silicone resin paint, a varnish containing biopolymers, a varnish containing synthetic polymers and / or has a cellulose nitrate varnish.

Furthermore, the polyurethane lacquer can protect the protective layer 8th Have additives that are selected from the group of polyurethane dispersion, silica, water, glycol ether, heterocyclic ketones and additives and mixtures thereof.

In the illustrated embodiments, it is not shown that the film layer 3 who have favourited Protective Layer 8th and / or metal layer 4 can have a structured surface. The structured surface can be treated by mechanical surface treatment, in particular polishing, sandblasting, satinizing, glass bead blasting, grinding, drilling, scoring, brushing, lasering, engraving, laser engraving and / or embossing, and / or by chemical surface treatment, in particular etching, patination and / or coloring, can be generated.

Accordingly, it is also not shown that the structured surface of the metal layer 4 , the protective layer 8th , the carrier layer 5 and / or the film layer 3 at least in some areas at least substantially in sync with the decor of the decorative layer 7 is designed in the manner of a synchronous pore. The structuring is preferred to the decor of the multilayered layer structure 1 customized. The structured surface can have a layer thickness of 0.01 mm to 10 mm.

The multi-layer structure 1 can be used to change and / or improve the electrical, thermal, barrier and / or chemical properties and / or sun protection and / or fire protection (flame retardancy) and / or to shield electrical, magnetic, electromagnetic fields for the element 2 be used.

It is not shown that on at least one edge side 17 , preferably on all edges 17 , of the multi-layer structure 1 locking contours preferably corresponding to one another and / or complementary on opposite edge sides, preferably lockable and / or connectable with one another 18 are provided, in particular with the locking contours 18 are designed as a tongue and groove connection. The locking contours 18 can in the metal layer 4 and / or in the carrier layer 5 be introduced.

Otherwise, it is not shown that a method for producing a multi-layer structure 1 for an item 2 for use as a floor, wall, ceiling, furniture, decoration, interior design element, preferably strip, profile, edge, door and / or window element, facade, wallpaper, car interior, car -Exterior and / or outdoor covering element with at least one decorative layer 7 and at least one metallic and / or metal-containing metal layer 4 is provided, the metal layer 4 directly and / or indirectly with the decorative layer 7 is firmly connected.

In this process, the metal layer 4 through a metallic and / or metal-containing coating on the carrier layer 5 , especially on the film layer 3 and / or the decorative layer 7 , are applied.

In a further step, not shown, the carrier layer 5 , preferably the film layer 3 and / or the decorative layer to form the metal layer 4 be painted, printed and / or metallized with a metallic and / or metal-containing material. Inkjet, offset, gravure, flexographic, screen and / or 3D printing and / or microcontact and / or rotary coating are provided as printing processes.

In an alternative embodiment of the method step, it is provided that the metal layer 4 by electroplating on the carrier layer 5 is applied.

Another alternative provides that the metal-containing coating of the metal layer 4 by means of thermal spraying, such as wire flame spraying, powder flame spraying, arc spraying, plasma spraying and / or high-speed flame spraying (HVOF). Furthermore, the metal-containing coating of the metal layer 4 by means of vacuum coating, preferably vacuum vapor deposition, plasma coating, physical vapor deposition (PVD) and / or chemical vapor deposition (CVD).

The individual layers of the multi-layer structure 1 can be joined together by lamination, co-extrusion and / or lamination. In particular, a roll lamination process and / or surface lamination process can be provided.

In the 10 on the top of the multi-layer structure 1 applied protective layer 8th can be applied by means of painting, impregnation, lamination and / or film coating. In addition, the protective layer 8th on the decorative layer 7 , as in 10 shown on the metal layer 4 , as in 3 shown, and / or on the film layer 3 , as in 12 shown, applied.

It is not shown that the protective layer 8th can be dried after application. Drying can be done by heat and / or infrared radiation. It is also not shown that the protective layer 8th is networked after application. A hardness component, in particular a two-component aqueous coating, ultraviolet radiation and / or electron beam curing and / or heat, can be used for crosslinking.

The decorative layer shown in the illustrated exemplary embodiments 7 can on the film layer 3 , the protective layer 8th and / or the metal layer 4 are applied, namely by full or partial printing or coating of the film layer 3 , the protective layer 8th and / or the metal layer 4 ,

Furthermore, the decorative layer 7 are applied as a coating, in particular by means of a painting process and / or printing process, in particular in rotogravure printing, screen printing, anodizing, offset printing, flexographic printing, 3D printing, digital printing, transfer printing, preferably thermal transfer printing, sublimation printing and / or direct printing, and / or by means of an embossing film, preferably by hot stamping foils and / or cold stamping foils.

Furthermore, it is not shown that the protective layer 8th who have favourited Foil Layer 3 and / or the metal layer 4 undergo a mechanical surface treatment. Polishing, sandblasting, satinizing, glass bead blasting, grinding, milling, drilling, scoring, brushing, lasering, engraving, laser engraving and / or embossing can be provided as the mechanical surface treatment.

In addition, it is not shown that the metal layer 4 is subjected to a chemical surface treatment and / or patination and / or coloring. Etching can be provided as the chemical surface treatment.

Incidentally, it is not shown that the metal layer 4 is demetallized at least in some areas, consequently has been removed in some areas.

The film layer 3 can be made by extrusion, casting, calendering and / or blow molding.

To form the color ink receiving layer 11 can the film layer 3 who have favourited Backing Layer 5 and / or the protective layer 8th and / or the metal layer 4 before printing and / or coating with a corona treatment, flame treatment, plasma treatment and / or fluorination.

In a further method step, not shown, it is provided that the film layer 3 and / or the at least one-layer protective layer 8th on the metal layer 4 and / or the at least one-layer protective layer 8th on the film layer 3 is extruded and / or laminated. Varnish, glue and / or varnish wax can be used as the liner.

In 10 is a partial exploded schematic view of an element 2 shown. The element 2 has a multi-layer structure 1 and an at least one-layer substrate layer 12 on. The element 2 is used as a floor, wall, ceiling, furniture, decoration, interior construction element, preferably strip, profile, edge, door and / or window element, facade, wallpaper, car interior, car Exterior and / or outdoor covering element used.

The underground layer 12 can be a carrier plate 13 , such as in 24 shown. The carrier plate 13 can be used as a gypsum fibreboard, plaster base, a coarse chipboard (OSB chipboard), a high density fiberboard (high density fiber board / HDF board), a perfluorocarbon board (PFC board), a medium density wood fiber board (medium density fiber board; MDF board) , Chipboard and / or a wood-plastic composite board (WPC board), and / or as a high pressure laminate (HPL), continuous press laminate (CPL), low pressure laminate (LPL), direct pressure laminate (DPL ), decorative laminate (DKS), stone-based, porcelain stoneware-based, mineral, ceramic, cement-based and / or gypsum-based substrate layer 12 be trained.

In further embodiments, the carrier plate 5 a, preferably elastic, plastic material, in particular polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethane (PUR), polyethylene (PE), polyester (PC), in particular polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and / or polypropylene (PP), a natural fiber reinforced plastic (NFK), perfluorocarbons ( PFC), acrylate, linoleum, rubber, an elastomer, cork, a polyolefin, a chlorine-free plastic, solid wood, wood-based materials, a compact laminate and / or metal, in particular a metal sheet, and / or consist thereof.

At the in 17 illustrated embodiment, it is provided that the substrate layer 12 fixed with the multi-layer structure 1 is connected, in the illustrated embodiment, the multi-layer structure 1 with the underground layer 12 bonded.

Also shows 17 that the underground layer 12 a middle class 14 having. The middle class 14 can have a plastic and / or mineral material. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethane (PUR), linoleum, an elastomer, cork, a polyolefin, a chlorine-free plastic, acrylate, a foam, rubber, a mineral material and / or a mineral mixture can be provided as the material. Furthermore, the in 19 represented middle class 14 a high density fibreboard (HDF), a medium density fibreboard (MDF panel), a high pressure laminate panel (HPL panel), a continuous pressure laminate panel (CPL panel), a particle board, a compact laminate (DKS), preferably polyethylene ( PE), Low Pressure Laminate (LPL), Direct Pressure Laminate (DPL), Metal, Wood-Plastic-Composite (WPC), a wood material, solid wood, glass, paper and / or cardboard.

Furthermore shows 17 that the underground layer 12 a reinforcement layer 15 having. The reinforcement layer 15 is in the in 17 The illustrated embodiment on the underside of the middle class 14 , the user page 6 turned away, upset. The reinforcement layer 15 may have jute and / or glass fiber reinforcement.

The shows further 17 that the underground layer 12 underside, the user side 6 averted, a backing layer 16 having. The back layer 16 is below the reinforcement layer in the illustrated embodiment 15 arranged. The back layer 16 can have a plastic material, in particular polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethane (PUR), linoleum, an elastomer, cork, a polyolefin and / or a chlorine-free plastic. In further embodiments, not shown, it can be provided that the back layer 16 has a metallic material, in particular a metallic foil, cork and / or glass.

24 shows that the carrier plate 13 on the edges 17 locking contours 18 having. Not shown is that on the edges 17 of the element 2 locking contours 18 are provided. The in the 24 locking contours shown 18 on the edges 17 correspond to each other, in such a way that the locking contours 18 from opposite edge sides 17 are complementary to each other. In the 24 to 26 locking contours shown 18 are designed as a tongue and groove connection. The 25 and 26 show a cross-sectional view of the carrier plate 13 with the locking contours 18 , The locking contours 18 are designed such that when a plurality of carrier plates 13 is connected to each other, a full-surface and coherent covering can be achieved.

Finally, it is not shown that a method for manufacturing the element 2 is provided in which the multi-layer structure 1 with the underground layer 12 is connected. For the connection, pressing, laminating, gluing and / or lamination, in particular by means of a roll lamination process and / or a surface lamination process, can be provided.

8th shows the layer structure according to the invention 1 , which schematically shows that the film layer 3 together with the metal layer 4 , the decorative film 7 and the tie layer 10 can be produced as a prefabricated composite layer or composite film. Subsequently, a lamination on a carrier layer 5 respectively. The preferred thickness of the composite layer is between 1 µm to 2500 µm. In principle, the composite layer can be applied to any suitable carrier layer 5 and / or any subsurface, in particular subsurface layer 12 , are applied.

In the prefabrication, the layers of the pre-composite layer are joined, in particular by lamination with a roll laminating machine (thermal lamination or wet-dry lamination), laminating, thermal bonding and / or gluing and / or hot gluing or thermal direct joining. It is also possible to use a double-sided adhesive film as a connection layer. In addition, plastic films in the layer structure 1 are used in the form of a molten plastic and in particular a molten polymer to form a protective layer 8th are applied, for example by calendering or pouring. The connection to the carrier layer 5 can be done with different methods - for example surface lamination on a surface lamination system.

The connection layer 10 serves as an adhesion promoter layer or self-adhesive layer for connection to the backing layer 5 , The connection layer 10 can also take on other functions - for example as a compensation layer for unevenness in the carrier layer 5 , Especially when using a wooden plate as a base layer 5 can be the roughness, irregularity or unevenness of the support layer 5 through the composite film or the upper layer structure 1 "Telegraphing". In addition, the connection layer 10 also a protective function for the metal layer 4 to protect them from moisture and mechanical stress in the processing process, in particular against damage to the metal layer 4 through scratches. In addition, the connection layer 10 also take on a damping function, for example to improve the acoustic properties of the surface, in particular the impact sound on floor coverings. The connection layer 10 can also be used as an adapter layer for a specific carrier layer 5 be formed, for example as melamine-resin paper for pressing on wood materials in a short-cycle press and / or as paper and / or non-woven layer, in particular before gluing with paste on a plaster surface. When forming the metal layer 4 as a sheet or metal foil is the use of metal adhesives as a connecting layer 10 for connection to the carrier layer 5 technically advantageous.

In the 8th Shown embodiment of the multi-layer structure 1 is particularly suitable for wallpapers, decorative papers, decorative foils and edging material in the form of a prefabricated composite foil or for lamination on any carrier layer 5 intended.

Another area of application is the production of printed decorative papers or foils, finish foils (finished surfaces) and melamine foils for the wood-based panel and furniture industries with the application of coverings (wall, floor, ceiling), furniture, interior fittings and caravans. In the 8th shown film layer 3 is at least partially transparent, so that the underlying metal layer 4 from the outside, at least in some areas, from the user side 6 by a user without optical aids, that is optically visible to the naked eye. The decorative layer 7 is interrupted or partially formed. The decorative layer 7 can be both opaque and translucent. 9 shows the after application to the carrier layer 5 preserved layer structure 1 ,

10 shows schematically the structure of the element 2 in the form of a partial exploded view. The layer structure 1 has an interrupted decorative layer 7 on that on the metal layer 4 has been printed. For printing on the metal layer 4 is a color ink receiving layer 11 in the form of a pressure recording layer on top of the metal layer 4 , the user page 6 facing, provided. According to the in 10 The embodiment shown is a metallization of the film layer 3 intended. Alternatively, it would also be conceivable to use a metallized paper, in this case on a carrier layer designed as paper 5 the metal layer 4 would have been applied. In the 10 The embodiment shown is for the application area of wallpapers, decorative papers, decorative foils and edging material in the form of a prefabricated composite foil for lamination on any support layer 5 or underground layer 12 intended. Not shown is that on the metal layer 4 a translucent colored lacquer layer as a protective layer 8th can be provided to change the color of the metal. It is also not shown that the metal layer 4 also on the underside of the film layer 3 can be provided. The multi-layer structure 1 can on an underground layer 12 be applied.

Furthermore shows 11 the arrangement of a partially interrupted and possibly translucent decorative layer 7 as a printed layer on the user side 6 facing top of a protective layer 8th , For better clarification of the individual layers, these are partially shown exploded in the manner of an exploded view. In the 11 The embodiment shown is in particular for the application area of wallpapers, decorative papers, decorative films and edging material in the form of a prefabricated composite film for lamination to any support layer 5 or underground layer 12 intended. Not shown is that on the metal layer 4 a glazing, pigmenting lacquer layer as a protective layer 8th can be applied to change the color of the metal. Basically, the metallized film layer 3 be used so that the metallized side of the film is both on the top and bottom - what in the 11 is not shown.

The protective layer shows for printing 8th a color ink receiving layer 11 that has been generated by a pretreatment. The color ink receiving layer 11 enables printing on the protective layer 8th , The color-ink absorption layer also serves 11 as an adhesion-promoting layer. If necessary, the protective layer 8th colored and / or pigmented and designed as a plastic film, in particular as a transparent printing film made of polypropylene, PVC and / or PET. The layer structure can be laminated 1 on the underground layer 12 to form the element 2 be applied.

Also shows 12 the arrangement of the partially interrupted decorative layer 7 on the film layer 3 , In the in 12 shown embodiment is provided to design the print image mirror-inverted. For better understanding of the layer structure 1 individual, related layers are shown pulled apart. In the 12 The embodiment shown is suitable for the application area of wallpapers, decorative papers, decorative films and edging material in the form of a prefabricated composite film for lamination on an underlayer 12 and / or a carrier layer 5 , It is not shown that on the metal layer 4 a, preferably translucently colored, lacquer layer as a protective layer 8th can be applied to change the color of the metal. Basically, the metal layer 4 also on the top of the film layer 3 , the user page 6 facing, upset. The top layer of the top protective layer 8th is designed as a transparent surface finish that has another layer on the underside. The film layer 3 can be designed as a transparent plastic layer, for example as a transparent printing film, in particular comprising polypropylene, PVC and / or PET. The color ink receiving layer 11 serves as an adhesion-promoting layer. The decorative layer 7 is on the underside of the film layer 3 printed. Another layer of film 3 , which is designed as a transparent or transparently colored or pigmented plastic film, serves as a carrier layer 5 for the metal layer 4 , The film layer 3 on which the metal layer 4 has been applied, can have a plastic, such as polypropylene, PET, PETP, PVC, PEN, PEEK, PE and / or PI. As the material of the metal layer 4 is in the in 12 Embodiment shown aluminum provided, the underside of the film layer 3 has been applied. Another protective layer 8th is provided on the underside of the metal layer and is designed as a lacquer or plastic film layer. The layer structure 1 can on the underground layer 12 to be concealed.

13 shows a multi-layer structure 1 , which is intended for use as a flexible furniture and / or covering film, that is to say for use for a furniture and / or covering element for the floor, wall or ceiling. At the in 13 The embodiment shown is the metal layer 4 underside, the user side 6 facing away, on the support layer 5 applied. As a carrier layer 5 a transparent PP film and / or PET film can be used, which is optionally colored and / or pigmented. Different metal tones can be achieved in this way. The use of a transparent and / or translucent carrier layer 5 offers the advantage that the film side - provided the carrier layer 5 is designed as a film - as a wear layer, protective layer 8th and / or printing layer and protects the metallization from abrasion and moisture, since the metal layer 4 on the back of the carrier layer formed as a film 5 located.

The interrupted decorative layer 7 can be applied directly to the film surface of the carrier layer 5 be printed, with a print in the in 13 illustrated embodiment on a color-ink receiving layer formed as an adhesion-promoting layer 11 is provided. To protect the metal layer 4 is a protective layer 8th underside, the user side 6 facing away, provided. The protective layer 8th can be in the form of a varnish, film coating and / or lamination. Furthermore, the protective layer works 8th the compensation of unevenness in the subsurface layer 12 , especially the surface of an HDF or MDF board. The protective layer 8th can also be used as a damping layer 9 be trained.

In principle, the finest unevenness in the micrograph can be found on the surface of the surface layer 12 on the composite film, that is, through the multi-layer structure 1 , telegraph so that the bumps on the user side 6 of the layer structure 1 are visually recognizable. This can lead to undesired visual impairments, such as the orange peel effect. To counteract this, one can use it as a damping layer 9 trained protective layer 8th be provided. As a top layer of film 3 - which in this case forms the wear layer - a thermoplastic wear layer can be provided as a transparent single or multi-layer top layer. Advantageous materials for the film layer 3 would be in the 13 Embodiment shown TPU, PET and / or PP and / or a molten polymer layer, in particular comprising PP and / or PE and / or polyolefins. A melted polymer layer offers the advantage that, if the plastic has not yet hardened, a surface structure can be embossed into the surface by means of an embossing calender, for example a wood pore or brush structure. The layer thickness of the multi-layer layer structure 1 is in the 13 illustrated embodiment between 350 microns to 500 microns. The layer thickness of the film layer 3 is between 200 and 500 µm.

The use of PET, PP, PE polyolefins, TPU and / or PET as the material for the film layer formed as a plastic film is particularly environmentally friendly 3 because these plastics do not contain PVC, chlorine or plasticizers or other pollutants.

It is not shown that the metal layer 4 also on the top, the user side 6 facing, on the support layer 5 can be arranged. The backing layer 5 can be used specifically to achieve design effects and / or be provided on the underside and / or on the top with a surface structure, in particular a brush structure and / or embossed structure, preferably in the manner of a wood pore and / or stone structure.

1. a) Es ist möglich, die Folienschicht 3 als transluzent eingefärbte und/oder pigmentierte Kunststofffolie und als Trägerschicht 5 für die Aluminium-Metallisierung auszubilden. Die Folienschicht 3 kann auch eine Struktur zur Erzielung besonderer Effekte, vorzugsweise eine Bürstenstruktur oder eine Holzpore, aufweisen, die insbesondere ober- oder unterseitig der Folienschicht 3 angeordnet ist. Darüber hinaus kann auch die obere Schutzschicht 8 transluzent eingefärbt und/oder, vorzugsweise transluzent, pigmentiert und/oder, vorzugsweise transluzent, lackiert sein.
2. b) Es kann die zwischen der Folienschicht 3 und der Farb-Tinten-Aufnahmeschicht 11 eingefasste Schutzschicht 8 transluzent eingefärbt und insbesondere als, vorzugsweise transluzent, eingefärbte Lackierung ausgebildet sein.
3. c) Die zwischen der Dekorschicht 7 und der Farb-Tinten-Aufnahmeschicht 11 angeordnete Schutzschicht 8 kann das optische Erscheinungsbild des mehrlagigen Schichtaufbaus 1 beeinflussen, beispielsweise in dem die Schutzschicht 8 als eingefärbte, lasierende Bedruckung als Fonddruck ausgebildet ist. Die obere Schutzschicht 8 auf der Benutzungsseite 6 kann als einschichtige TPU-, PP- oder PET-Folie oder als geschmolzene Polymerschicht, insbesondere aufweisend PP und/oder PE und/oder Polyolefine, ausgebildet sein.
4. d) Die oberseitige Schutzschicht 8 kann eine Oberflächenstrukturierung, beispielsweise in Art einer Holzpore, aufweisen. Die gedruckte Dekorschicht 7 ist als teilflächige Schicht ausgebildet und kann in dem in 14 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel durch Tiefdruck oder Digitaldruck mit wasserbasierenden Druckfarben erzeugbar sein.

In 14 is a further variant of a multi-layer structure 1 for use as a flexible panel, furniture and / or flooring film - that means a multi-layer structure 1 to use for a furniture and / or covering element - shown. The in 14 In the illustrated embodiment, the four options given below can basically be taken, based on a metallization with aluminum to form the metal layer 4 to influence the color of the metal look. In particular, gold, silver, stainless steel, titanium or copper are to be imitated optically. The possibilities can be combined with each other or used individually.

1. a) It is possible to use the film layer 3 as a translucent colored and / or pigmented plastic film and as a carrier layer 5 to train for aluminum metallization. The film layer 3 can also have a structure for achieving special effects, preferably a brush structure or a wood pore, in particular on the top or bottom of the film layer 3 is arranged. In addition, the top protective layer 8th colored translucently and / or, preferably translucent, pigmented and / or, preferably translucent, lacquered.
2. b) There can be between the film layer 3 and the color ink receiving layer 11 edged protective layer 8th colored translucent and in particular as, preferably translucent, colored paint.
3. c) The between the decorative layer 7 and the color ink receiving layer 11 arranged protective layer 8th can change the optical appearance of the multilayered layer structure 1 influence, for example in the protective layer 8th is designed as colored, glazed printing as background printing. The top protective layer 8th on the user page 6 can be designed as a single-layer TPU, PP or PET film or as a molten polymer layer, in particular comprising PP and / or PE and / or polyolefins.
4. d) The top protective layer 8th can have a surface structure, for example in the manner of a wood pore. The printed decorative layer 7 is formed as a partial layer and can be in the 14 illustrated embodiment can be generated by gravure printing or digital printing with water-based printing inks.

The film layer 3 can be used as a carrier layer 5 for the metal layer 4 be formed, the protective layer 8th a colored coating in the manner of a varnish on the film layer 3 is. The film layer 3 can have PP, PET, PETP, PVC, PEN, PEEK, PE and / or PI as material.

Another possible formation of the layer structure 1 for use as a flexible panel, furniture and / or floor film - that is, a multi-layer structure for use with a furniture and / or covering element - is in 15 shown. The in 15 Multi-layer structure shown 1 is particularly economical to produce, since it consists at least essentially of two components. The metallization is on the top on a film layer 3 trained carrier layer 5 applied so that an underside coating of the metal layer 4 can be omitted. As a protective layer 8th a transparent layer or a translucently colored plastic film, in particular as a transparent printing film made of PP, PVC, PET and / or TPU, is provided. The protective layer 8th can have a color ink-receiving layer on the underside 11 have as an adhesion-promoting layer. On the color ink receiving layer 11 is the decorative layer 7 applied at least partially or partially. In the in 15 illustrated embodiment, it is provided that the metal layer 4 by metallizing the film layer 3 is formed with aluminum. As a film layer 3 a transparent or colored plastic film, in particular comprising PP, PET, PETP, PVC, PEN, PEEK, PE and / or PI, can be provided. If, for example, the upper protective layer 8th as a film layer 3 is formed as a carrier layer 5 for the metal layer 4 paper may also be provided. The upper multi-layer structure 1 can also be applied to an underground layer 12 , in particular the furniture and / or foot covering element, are applied.

Also in 16 are the individual layers of the multi-layer structure 1 shown partially separated from each other in the manner of a partial exploded view to the structure of the multi-layer structure 1 to clarify better. In 16 is the construction of a multi-layer structure 1 intended for use in a wallpaper, decor and / or furniture element. In particular, the in 16 illustrated layer structure 1 used for wallpapers, wallpaper borders and wall stickers, especially wall tattoos, as well as furniture surfaces and decorative foils. Underside of the layer structure 1 is a connection layer 10 intended. The connection layer 10 is in the illustrated embodiment as a back on the metal layer 4 Applicable or laminable paper or nonwoven layer provided. The connection layer 10 can be provided as a receiving layer for the wallpaper paste and / or adhesive. The fleece layer can have a material mixture of long-fiber cellulose and / or textile fibers and / or binders, preferably based on natural materials.

• Kunststofffolie, Papier, Vlies, Vlies auf Kunststoffbasis, Gewebe auf Natur-, Kunststoff- oder Glasbasis, Textilgewebe, alle Materialien vorzugsweise auf Basis natürlicher Materialien, vorteilhafterweise diffusionsoffen, damit eine atmungsaktive und feuchtigkeitsregulierende Wand- und/oder Deckenoberfläche entsteht, die das Raumklima verbessert.

In the case of the connection layer designed as a paper layer 10 the paper surface can be pasted and glued to a surface, especially the wall and / or ceiling, after a soaking phase of 3 to 5 minutes. A nonwoven layer has the advantage over a paper layer that the wallpaper web can be glued directly to the wall and / or ceiling surface to which the paste and / or adhesive have been applied. After the end of the useful life, the non-woven wallpaper can be completely removed without leaving any non-adhesive residues on the wall and / or the ceiling or the surface. The fleece layer can accordingly accelerate the processing process significantly. At the in 16 illustrated embodiment is the metal layer 4 provided by metallization in the PVD process and / or by the use of a thin real metal foil, preferably made of aluminum, or by a metallic coating. When metallization in the PVD process are as support layers 5 the following materials are possible:

• Plastic film, paper, fleece, fleece on a plastic basis, fabric on a natural, plastic or glass basis, textile fabric, all materials preferably based on natural materials, advantageously open to diffusion, so that a breathable and moisture-regulating wall and / or ceiling surface is created, which improves the indoor climate ,

Basically it is with the in 16 Embodiment shown possible that the layer structure 1 is designed as an open-pore, diffusion-open layer structure, in particular in the form of open-pore materials, lacquering and / or through microperforations of the layer structure 1 , Instead of a plastic film can be used for the backing layer 5 nonwovens or fabrics are also used, in particular in order to achieve design effects in this regard. In the in 16 The illustrated embodiment is the metal layer 4 underside of the carrier layer 5 applied. In further embodiments, the metal layer 4 also on the upper side of the carrier layer 5 , the user page 6 facing, have been applied.

• - Elastische Bodenbeläge und Bodenbeläge auf Basis thermoplastischer Polymere, Elastomere, Polyurethane und Linoleum.
  • - Elastische Belagsarten:
    • - Bodenbeläge aus Polyvinylchlorid (PVC):
      • - Homogene PVC-Bodenbeläge:
        • - einschichtige Beläge mit einer Materialzusammensetzung und Dessinierung und mehrschichtige Beläge mit ähnlicher Materialzusammensetzung, insbesondere hergestellt im Kalandrierverfahren.
      • - Heterogene PVC-Bodenbeläge:
        • - Hierunter sind mehrschichtige Beläge mit einer Nutzschicht und einer oder mehrerer Schichten der Dekor- und Stabilisierungseinlagen, gemeint. In Abweichung zu den einschichtigen Belägen werden für mehrschichtige Bodenbeläge mehrere dünne Folien - Rohfelle - in einer Dublieranlage thermisch miteinander verschweißt. Insbesondere gilt dies für homogene und auch für heterogene Bodenbeläge. Dazu zählen auch Cushioned-Vinyl - CV-Beläge, das heißt geschäumte PVC-Bodenbeläge, wobei unter dem Dekordruck Schaumschichten angeordnet sind.
        • - Ein weiteres Verfahren zur Herstellung von heterogenen PVC-Belägen ist das Pressverfahren, wobei der Schichtverbund durch Druck und Hitze erzeugt wird (Hot-PressVerfahren). Dies dient zur Herstellung von leitfähigen Platten und Vliesen.
    • - Linoleum-Bodenbeläge
    • - Bodenbeläge aus Kautschuk und/oder Elastomerbeläge:
      • - Die eingesetzten Kunststoffe sind beispielsweise:
        • - Naturkautschuk (NR), Styrol-Butadien-Kautschuk (SBR), Nitril-Kautschuk (NBR)
      • - Roh- und Grundstoffe zur Herstellung von Bodenbelägen aus Kautschuk:
        • - Kautschuk (Synthese- und/oder Naturkautschuk)
        • - Mineralische, helle Füllstoffe
        • - Farbpigmente
        • - Vernetzungssystem aus Schwefel, Zinkoxid und/oder Vulkanisationsbeschleunigern
        • - Alterungsschutzmittel
        • - Verarbeitungshilfen (wie Fettsäuren, Wachse)
      • - Polyurethan-Bodenbeläge:
        • - Die Herstellung von Polyurethanbodenbelägen erfolgt über eine Polyadditionsreaktion unter Zuführung von petrochemischen oder biologisch gewonnenen Polyolen und Isocyanaten. Als Füllstoff wird in der Regel Kreide verwendet. Polyurethan-Bodenbeläge können als Bahnen oder Planken und Fliesen zur Verfügung gestellt werden. Unter dem Begriff Polyurethan-Bodenbeläge werden Bodenbeläge aus Polyurethan mit duroplastischen Eigenschaften zusammengefasst. Zu unterscheiden ist hier zwischen homogenen und heterogenen Bodenbelägen. Ein homogener Bodenbelag aus Polyurethan weist ein oder mehrere Schichten gleicher Zusammensetzung aus Polyurethan auf. Heterogene Bodenbeläge aus Polyurethan weisen eine Nutzschicht und andere kompakte Schichten aus Polyurethan auf, die sich in ihrer Zusammensetzung und/oder Design unterscheiden, wobei sie ein Dekor und Stabilisierungseinlagen enthalten können.
      • - Korkboden
        • - Lieferformen von Korkbelägen
          • - Platten auf Presskork-Rücken mit Polyvinylchlorid-Nutzschicht nach EN655 (Stand Juli 2018)
          • - Platten aus Presskork nach EN12104 (Stand Juli 2018)
          • - Synthetische Thermoplaste (Chlorfrei)
            • - Polyolefin-Beläge:
              • - Unter synthetischen Thermoplasten werden Bodenbeläge aus alternativen Kunststoffbelägen zusammengefasst, die nach DIN EN 14565 (Stand Juli 2018) hergestellt werden. Im Gegensatz zu Polyvinylchlorid werden die Rezepturbestandteile kalt vermischt und in Granulatoren zu verschiedenen Körnungen und/oder Granulaten verarbeitet. Die weitere Herstellung von Polyolefin-Bodenbelägen entspricht insbesondere der von PVC-Bodenbelägen.
          • - Chlorfreie Kunststoffe
          • - Flexplatten

An element 2 with a multilayer structure on the top 1 and an underground layer 12 is for example in 17 shown. The multi-layer structure 1 can be applied to different substrates or sub-layers 12 to form the element 2 be applied. The following options are available:

• - Elastic floor coverings and floor coverings based on thermoplastic polymers, elastomers, polyurethanes and linoleum.
  • - Elastic covering types:
    • - Polyvinylchloride (PVC) flooring:
      • - Homogeneous PVC floor coverings:
        • - Single-layer coverings with a material composition and design and multi-layer coverings with a similar material composition, in particular manufactured in the calendering process.
      • - Heterogeneous PVC floor coverings:
        • - This includes multi-layer coverings with a wear layer and one or more layers of the decorative and stabilizing inserts. In contrast to the single-layer coverings, several thin foils - raw skins - are thermally welded together in a duplicating system for multi-layer floor coverings. This applies in particular to homogeneous and also heterogeneous floor coverings. This also includes cushioned vinyl - CV coverings, i.e. foamed PVC floor coverings, with foam layers arranged under the decor print.
        • - Another process for the production of heterogeneous PVC coverings is the pressing process, whereby the layer composite is created by pressure and heat (hot press process). This is used to manufacture conductive plates and nonwovens.
    • - Linoleum flooring
    • - Rubber and / or elastomer flooring:
      • - The plastics used are for example:
        • - Natural rubber (NR), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), nitrile rubber (NBR)
      • - Raw materials for the production of rubber floor coverings:
        • - rubber (synthetic and / or natural rubber)
        • - Mineral, light fillers
        • - color pigments
        • - Crosslinking system made of sulfur, zinc oxide and / or vulcanization accelerators
        • - anti-aging agents
        • - processing aids (such as fatty acids, waxes)
      • - Polyurethane flooring:
        • - The production of polyurethane floor coverings takes place via a polyaddition reaction with the addition of petrochemical or biologically obtained polyols and isocyanates. Chalk is usually used as a filler. Polyurethane flooring can be provided as sheets or planks and tiles. The term polyurethane flooring is used to summarize polyurethane flooring with thermosetting properties. A distinction must be made here between homogeneous and heterogeneous floor coverings. A homogeneous floor covering made of polyurethane has one or more layers of the same composition made of polyurethane. Heterogeneous floor coverings made of polyurethane have a wear layer and other compact layers made of polyurethane, which differ in their composition and / or design, and may contain a decor and stabilizing inserts.
      • - cork floor
        • - Delivery forms of cork coverings
          • - Plates on pressed cork backing with polyvinyl chloride wear layer according to EN655 (as of July 2018)
          • - Plates made of pressed cork according to EN12104 (as of July 2018)
          • - Synthetic thermoplastics (chlorine free)
            • - Polyolefin coverings:
              • - Under synthetic thermoplastics floor coverings from alternative plastic coverings are summarized, which according to DIN EN 14565 (As of July 2018). In contrast to polyvinyl chloride, the recipe components are mixed cold and processed in granulators to different granules and / or granules. The further production of polyolefin floor coverings corresponds in particular to that of PVC floor coverings.
          • - Chlorine-free plastics
          • - flex plates

If "floor coverings" have been and are described above and below, this also applies to other coverings, in particular wall and floor coverings.

It is understood that the layer structures 1 that in the 10 to 16 can be seen as the upper layer structure 1 on an underground layer 12 to form an element 2 can be used. As an underground layer 12 can be an elastic covering, see 17 , a semi-rigid floor panel, as in 18 an aluminum sandwich panel, as in 19 shown, and / or a metal carrier plate, in particular according 20 , be provided. In particular, the layer structures 1 can also be combined with each other.

In 17 becomes a layer structure of the element 2 with a multi-layer upper layer structure 1 shown. The element 2 is used as an elastic covering, preferably an elastic floor covering. The total thickness or layer thickness of the entire elastic covering or element 2 is between 1 to 10 mm. It is shown that the layer structure 1 two layers of reinforcement 15 having. In other embodiments, these can also be optional. There is a protective layer on the top 8th provided that can have a surface finish and a transparent single or multi-layer top layer as a wear layer, in particular based on PVC, PUR, polyolefins and / or chlorine-free plastics. Below the protective layer 8th is a printed film layer 3 provided that consequently the underside of the partial surface decorative layer 7 having. The film layer 3 can have PVC, PUR, polyolefins, chlorine-free plastics and / or acrylates. The decorative layer 7 can be designed as a transparent printed decorative film. Below the decorative layer 8th is the metal layer 4 arranged. Below the metal layer 4 again there is an underside damping layer 9 provided, which can have PVC, PUR, linoleum, rubber, elastomer, cork, polyolefins and / or chlorine-free plastics. A middle class 14 is between two reinforcement layers 15 edged. The underground layer 12 of the element 2 is through the reinforcement layers 15 , the middle class 14 and the back layer 16 educated. The reinforcement layer 15 can have a glass fiber reinforcement and / or jute. As a middle class 14 a layer is provided which can have PUR, linoleum, rubber, elastomer, cork, polyolefins and / or chlorine-free plastics. Below the middle class 14 is in the in 17 illustrated embodiment again a reinforcement layer 15 intended. Underside of the element 2 is a back layer after all 16 arranged. The back layer 16 can contain PVC, PUR, linoleum, rubber, elastomer, cork, polyolefins and / or chlorine-free plastics.

Otherwise shows 18 an element 2 for use as floor panels as a semi-rigid, decorative floor covering in the form of a plank or tile with a multi-layer structure 1 , The multi-layer structure 1 has an abrasion-resistant top layer in the form of a protective layer 8th on, which is also designed as a decorative cover layer. The element 2 has a carrier material in the form of a middle layer 14 as well as one as a back layer 16 trained return. As a combination of the middle class 14 and the back layer 16 come in at the 18 illustrated middle layers 14 based on wood, in particular HDF boards, with a polymer coating (without coating systems) and / or a cork coating and / or a combination of a polymer and / or polymer composite base with a polymer coating and / or polymer coating system, in particular as an EPC (Expanded Polymer Core) and / or SPC (Solid Polymer Core), in particular by means of hot pressing, calendering and / or lamination. The total thickness of the element 2 is in the 18 illustrated embodiment between 4 to 20 mm.

The in 18 The structure shown is suitable for wall and ceiling cladding, moldings, in particular skirting boards, moldings, and profiles, interior fittings, furniture, doors and / or decorative panels and / or edge material. As a middle class 14 in one embodiment, a wood-based material is used. A waterproof middle layer is used for facade panels 14 , in particular a mineral material and / or HPL and / or CPL, used. The top protective layer 8th has a surface finish and a transparent single or multi-layer layer as a wear layer, in particular made of PVC, PUR, TPU, polyolefins, chlorine-free plastics, acrylate, PP, PET and / or a melamine layer, in particular an overlay. At the in 18 The embodiment shown is on the underside of the surface finish the film layer 3 intended. On the film layer 3 is the decorative layer 7 , which is partially formed, printed. In addition, the metal layer 4 , which is designed for example as a metal foil, below the decorative layer 7 arranged. The damping layer 9 is on the underside of the metal layer 4 provided and in particular has PVC, PUR, linoleum, WPC, rubber, elastomer, cork, polyolefins, acrylate, chlorine-free plastics, HPL and / or a compact laminate, in particular an ecological compact laminate. Wood materials, MDF, HDF and / or base course are also available 5 and / or solid wood from materials for the base layer 5 possible. An ecological compact laminate can be understood to be a biocomposite material which consists of recycled kraft paper and bioresin or has these components. The bio resin is, for example, a sugar cane resin. It is obtained from the vegetable waste from sugar production, the bagasse. After curing, the bio resin has thermosetting properties and forms a hard, mechanically highly resilient, dimensionally stable composite material with the natural fiber.

For the middle class 14 can in the in 18 Embodiment shown PVC, PUR, PE, PVC, NFK, linoleum, rubber, elastomer, cork, polyolefins, chlorine-free plastics, acrylate, mineral material, ceramic material, fine steel, HPL, CPL, compact laminate, in particular ecological compact laminate, timber materials, MDF, HDF and / or solid wood can be provided. A mineral material is preferably understood to mean a fiber cement, fiber concrete, polymer cement, polymer concrete, glass fiber cement and / or glass fiber concrete and optionally also gypsum-containing material, in particular gypsum plasterboard. Underside of the middle class 14 is for the formation of the underground layer 12 a back layer 16 intended. The back layer 16 In the exemplary embodiment shown, it has PVC, PUR, linoleum, rubber, elastomer, cork, polyolefins, chlorine-free plastics, foams, paper, a melamine layer, HPL and / or a layer of metallic material.

The 19 shows a further embodiment in which the layer structure 1 for panels, preferably as flooring, an interior construction element, a wall, ceiling covering and furniture panel, moldings, in particular skirting boards, ceiling moldings and / or profiles, interior construction elements, decorative panels, edging material and doors, facade displays and shields can be used. In the illustrated embodiment, a plate made of aluminum as the back layer 16 with a carrier layer as the middle layer 14 Made of polyethylene or a mineral material and a multi-layer structure 1 with a metal layer 4 , provided in the illustrated embodiment aluminum. The total layer thickness of the element 2 is between 2 and 15 mm. The top protective layer 8th is designed as surface equipment. Under the surface finish is the film layer 3 arranged, which in the present case acts as a wear layer and has and / or consists of PVC, PUR, polyolefins, chlorine-free plastics, PP, PET and / or TPU.

The decorative layer 7 is partially on the film layer 3 printed. In an alternative Embodiment can the decorative layer 7 at least partially on the metal layer 4 be printed. In the illustrated embodiment is as a metal layer 4 a metal foil is provided which has a thickness or a layer thickness of 0.2 to 0.6 mm. In further embodiments, an aluminum-metal foil can be provided.

The back layer 16 has a metal foil or a metallic material with a layer thickness between 0.2 to 0.6 mm. In further embodiments, aluminum is provided as the material.

In the in 19 illustrated embodiment has the middle class 14 - As mentioned before - polyethylene or a mineral material. In further embodiments it can be provided that the middle layer 14 PVC, PUR, linoleum, rubber, elastomer, cork, polyolefins, chlorine-free plastics, HDF, acrylate, HPL, CPL, compact laminate and / or a mineral mixture.

Another embodiment of the multi-layer structure 1 is in 20 shown. The in 20 shown layer structure 1 has a decorative surface, from which the metallic material of the metal layer 4 is optically visible and / or optically recognizable. Over the metal layer 4 is a decorative layer 7 provided that is partially formed and optionally transparent and / or translucent in some areas. Furthermore, is over the decorative layer 7 a layer of film 3 provided that is also at least partially transparent and / or translucent. The metal layer 4 does not require a base layer 5 and also serves as a support for the entire layer structure 1 , In the 20 shown metal layer 4 has a layer thickness of 1 to 5 mm and also aluminum as a metallic material. Furthermore, on the underside, the user side 6 turned away from the metal layer 4 a cushioning layer 9 intended. The damping layer 9 is elastic.

The in 20 shown layer structure 1 can be used as flooring, wall and / or ceiling cladding, moldings, in particular skirting boards, moldings and profiles, interior fittings, furniture, facade decorative panels and / or edging material. The damping layer 9 can have PVC, PUR, linoleum, rubber, elastomer, cork, polyolefins, chlorine-free plastics, foam, paper, cardboard, an HPL and / or CPL layer.

Furthermore, in the 1 illustrated embodiment provided that a carrier layer 5 HPL or CPL or compact laminate or ecological compact laminate is provided. The in 21 illustrated layer structure 1 has a layer thickness between 0.1 and 10 mm. In further embodiments it is provided that the total thickness is between 0.3 to 5 mm. The in 21 illustrated layer structure 1 is used for floor coverings, wall and ceiling cladding, moldings, in particular skirting boards, moldings and profiles, interior fittings, furniture, doors, facades, decorative panels and / or edge material.

Even with the in 21 illustrated layer structure 1 it is provided that the surface of the metal layer 4 at least in some areas from the user side 6 is optically recognizable and / or translucent. There is a film layer on the top 3 provided that is at least partially transparent and / or translucent. Below the film layer 3 is a decorative layer 7 provided either on the film layer 3 or the metal layer 4 has been printed. The metal layer 4 is on a carrier layer 5 arranged. Furthermore, is below the carrier layer 5 a cushioning layer 9 provided that the material is PVC, PUR, linoleum, rubber, elastomer, cork, polyolefins, chlorine-free plastics, foam and / or paper and / or consists thereof.

Ultimately, it goes without saying that a plurality of protective layers 8th , Decorative layers 7 , Film layers 3 , Metal layers 4 , Damping layers 9 , Color ink receiving layers 11 and / or tie layers 10 in the layer structure 1 can be provided. In 21 is shown that two decorative layers 7 , three layers of protection 8th and a film layer 3 in the structure of the layer structure 1 are integrated.

22 shows a composite film or a layer structure 1 with a decorative layer printed on both sides 7 for adhesive lamination for transparent backing layers 5 made of glass or plastic.

In further embodiments, provision can be made for arranging the decorative layer 7 associated color-ink-receiving layers 11 are provided either on the protective layer 8th and / or the film layer 3 and / or the connection layer 10 have been applied. The one between the first - starting from the user page 6 - decorative layer 7 and the film layer 3 arranged protective layer 8th can be formed as a translucent colored or transparent coating, in particular as a varnish. The film layer 3 is formed in the illustrated embodiment as a transparent or colored plastic film and serves as a carrier layer 5 for the metallized surface or the metal layer 4 , with the film layer 3 PP, PET, PETP, PVC, PEN, PEEK, PE and / or PI as a material. Below the metal layer 4 is another protective layer 8th provided, which is also formed as a translucent colored coating, in particular as a paint. The connection layer 10 is designed as a transparent adhesive coating. The layer structure 1 can also be a carrier plate 13 the underground layer 12 to form the element 2 be laminated on. The carrier plate 13 can be designed as a transparent material, in particular as glass and / or plastic. Due to the layer structure 1 who in 22 is shown, two visual appearances can be achieved, namely from the viewpoint of the user side 6 from the other side from the point of view of the user side 6 opposite bottom of the carrier plate 13 ,

Basically, it is understood that the structures of the layer structure described above 1 and / or the element 2 can also be combined with one another as desired. In addition to flat applications, there are also curved or three-dimensional surfaces with the layer structure 1 possible. It is not shown that a thermoplastic 3D composite film as a layer structure 1 can be produced, which is particularly suitable for use on membrane presses and membrane-free thermoforming presses or also on surface laminating, roll laminating and / or sheathing systems.

The use of a carrier plate 13 with locking contours 18 with an element 2 is in 23 shown. It is not shown that the carrier plate 13 locking contours on the edge 18 has that in the 24 to 26 are shown. The locking contours 18 are for locking with at least one similar plate or element 2 provided, being on the marginal sides 17 of the element 2 , as in 24 shown, are provided. The in 23 multi-layer structure shown 1 is on the top of the carrier plate 13 applied and has a metal layer 4 on that on a backing layer 5 applied and on the top through a film layer 3 is protected. On the back of the carrier plate 13 , the user page 6 facing away is a back layer 16 intended. The carrier plate 13 can be formed in one or more layers. The one in the construction of the element 2 Carrier plate used 13 is closer to 24 to 26 shown the locking contours 18 demonstrate. 25 and 26 show the formation of a locking contour 18 on the long sides and the front sides. In the 25 and 26 is clearly visible that on opposite sides of the edge 17 the locking contours 18 are complementary to each other, so that a secure connection or locking of elements to be arranged together 2 or carrier plates 13 can be guaranteed.

The locking contours 18 are tongue and groove in the form of a snap-like locking geometry, which is also referred to as a click connection. Through all-round or on all edges 17 of the element 2 and the carrier plate 13 provided locking contours 18 can lock two adjacent elements 2 can be achieved in both the vertical and horizontal directions by locking. In particular, the 25 the long sides of the carrier plate 13 , the 26 represents the front or short side. The locking connection can be achieved by the spring side of the carrier plate 13 is inserted obliquely into the groove geometry of an already installed board and swung down.

The snap connection of the in 26 front side shown is achieved by a vertical locking from above. In principle, it is also conceivable for the carrier plate 13 to be square.

This in 23 shown element 2 can be used as floor, wall and / or ceiling panel or panels and / or furniture panel.

It is not shown that the subsurface layer 12 in addition to the carrier plate 13 at least one reinforcement layer 15 can have. The carrier plate shown 13 is made of an elastic material. What is not shown is a metallic material for the carrier plate 13 can be provided. The in the 25 and 26 locking contours shown 18 have a layer thickness of approximately 2 mm +/- 10%.

In the 24 carrier plate shown 13 has a layer thickness between 2 and 15 mm.

27 shows an embodiment of the layer structure 1 where the metal layer 4 in the manner of a carrier plate 13 is trained. It is not shown that the metal layer 4 on the edges 17 of the layer structure 1 locking contours 18 having. The locking contours 18 are for locking with at least one similar layer structure 1 intended. In particular, the in 27 shown layer structure 1 immediately as an element 2 are used and are used as floor, wall, ceiling panels and / or panels and / or furniture panels. On top of the metal layer 4 is an at least partially transparent and / or translucent film layer 3 intended. Furthermore, the underside of the metal layer 4 , the user page 6 averted, a backing layer 16 arranged.

By using a metal layer 4 can change the functional-technical properties of the metal layer 4 for the element 2 be used. In 28 is shown that the metal layer 4 is formed as a partial surface layer and also functions as a conductor track. Between the conductor tracks of the metal layer 4 can be a filler layer 20 be arranged. In addition, above, the user page 6 facing the metal layer 4 an insulation layer 19 arranged, which is in particular designed such that the unevenness caused, for example, by the partial metal layer 4 caused, not on the user side 6 emerge. The one between the metal layer 4 arranged filling layer 20 can be produced as a coating with an insulating material, in particular plastic, and / or printing and / or painting. Furthermore, it is also possible in the plane of the partial metal layer 4 apply a masked negative layer. The layer structure 1 can be used to form the element 2 on an underground layer 12 , for example a carrier plate 13 , are applied. The insulation layer 19 can be designed as PP or PET film.

29 shows that also a plurality of metal layers 4 in the layer structure 1 can be integrated. In the exemplary embodiment shown here, the metal layers are 4 fully formed and electrically isolated from each other by the carrier layer. So it is conceivable, the top side, the user side 6 facing metal layer 4 negatively conductive and the further metal layer 4 train positively or vice versa. The carrier layer is conceivable 5 with the metal layers on both sides 4 to coat. Furthermore is on the metal layers 4 one insulation layer each 19 arranged, which can be designed as a PP or PET film. In addition, the layer structure shows 1 one, above the insulation layer 19 applied, decorative layer 7 on top by a film layer 3 is protected. Through the at least two metal layers 4 , which in this case assume the function of conductor tracks, a positive and a negative pole of an electrical connection can be provided. The layer structure 1 can on the underground layer 12 to be concealed. As a carrier layer 5 a PP or PET film can be provided.

The in 1 Layer structure shown is used to change and / or improve functional-technical properties and / or functions of the element 2 intended.

• - zur Ableitung von elektrostatischen Aufladungen und/oder
• - als elektrische Leiterbahn und/oder zur elektrischen Leitung und/oder
• - zur Abschirmung elektrischer, magnetischer und/oder elektromagnetischer Strahlung, und/oder
• - zum vorbeugenden Brandschutz, vorzugsweise zur Flammenhemmung, und/oder
• - zum Sonnenschutz und/oder zur Reflexion von Sonnenlicht, insbesondere im sichtbaren Wellenlängenbereichen, Infrarotbereich und/oder UV-Bereich, und/oder
• - zur Wärmedämmung und/oder
• - als Flächenheizelement und/oder
• - zum Wärmemanagement, insbesondere zur Ableitung und/oder Speicherung von Wärme, und/oder
• - zur herbiziden und/oder antimikrobiellen Wirkung des Elements und/oder
• - als Schutz vor Mikroben und/oder Herbiziden und/oder
• - zur photokatalytischen Selbstreinigung und/oder
• - zur Luftreinigung

vorgesehen sein. Je nach Einsatzzweck wird der Aufbau des mehrlagigen Schichtaufbaus 1 ausgewählt.The layer structure shown here 1 can

• - to discharge electrostatic charges and / or
• - As an electrical conductor track and / or for electrical conduction and / or
• - to shield electrical, magnetic and / or electromagnetic radiation, and / or
• - for preventive fire protection, preferably for flame retardancy, and / or
• - For sun protection and / or for the reflection of sunlight, in particular in the visible wavelength range, infrared range and / or UV range, and / or
• - for thermal insulation and / or
• - As a surface heating element and / or
• - for heat management, in particular for the dissipation and / or storage of heat, and / or
• - For the herbicidal and / or antimicrobial effect of the element and / or
• - as protection against microbes and / or herbicides and / or
• - for photocatalytic self-cleaning and / or
• - for air purification

be provided. Depending on the application, the structure of the multi-layer structure 1 selected.

• - Schützen
• - Separieren
• - Stabilisieren
• - Leiten
• - Dichten und Abweisen
• - Heizen
• - Ableiten
• - Reinigen
• - Speichern
• - Isolieren.

In addition, the in the embodiments according to 1 to 29 illustrated layer structure 1 to improve and / or guarantee at least one of the technical functions of the element specified below 2 be provided, namely

• - Protect
• - separate
• - Stabilize
• - Conduct
• - poetry and rejection
• - heating
• - Derive
• - Clean
• - To save
• - Isolate.

It is not shown that the multi-layer structure 1 is designed to be diffusion-inhibiting or diffusion-tight and / or to avoid diffusion of liquids and / or gases through the element 2 is provided, in particular with the multi-layer structure 1 is designed as a vapor barrier and / or barrier layer.

Furthermore, it is not shown that the multi-layer structure 1 is non-flammable or flame-retardant in accordance with DIN 4102 (as of June 2018). In particular, the multilayer layer structure 1 and / or the metal layer 4 the building material class A1 or A2 or B1 exhibit.

In the exemplary embodiments shown, it is not shown that an earthing device for earthing with the multilayer layer structure 1 , especially with the metal layer 4 , is electrically connected, wherein the grounding device can in any case be designed such that electrostatic charges of the element 2 are derivable.

28 shows that a plurality of partial metal layers 4 is each designed as an electrical conductor track, the metal layers 4 are spaced from each other. The distance to the decorative layer 7 is over an insulation layer 19 intended. 29 further shows that a plurality of separate full-surface of the metal layers 4 is provided.

In the 29 insulation layer shown can be formed as a plastic film. The plastic film can have polypropylene (PP), polyamide (PA), and / or polyethylene terephthalate (PET).

Furthermore, the insulation layer 19 as a material, in particular based on synthetic and / or semi-synthetic polymers, preferably elastomeric, thermoplastic and / or thermosetting, plastic, in particular polyvinyl chloride (PVC), cast polyvinyl chloride, polyester (PES), polyester with a surface containing polyvinyl chloride, perfluorocarbons (PFC) , Polyurethane (PUR), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polypropylene (PP), natural fiber reinforced plastic (NFK), cast propylene (CPP), oriented propylene (OPP), biaxial oriented propylene (BOPP), polyetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyethylene (PE) , High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE), Polyamide (PA), Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET / PETP), Polystyrene (PS), Biaxially Oriented Polyester Film (BOPET), Polyactide (PLA, PDLA, PLLA and / or PDLLA ), Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polycarbonate (PC), polyester carbonate (PEC), polyether sulfone (PES), polyimide (PI), polyarylates (PAR), unsaturated polyester resin (UP), cast alkyd resin film, cast acrylic resin layer, polyetherimide (PEI), polyether ketone (PAEK / PEEK), polyactide (PLA), cellulose acetate and / or starch blends.

It is not shown that the metal layer 4 with a connecting device of the element 2 is electrically connected. The connecting device can in turn be electrically connected to an energy supply device, not shown, and / or an electrical consumer, not shown.

In the 28 The electrical conductor track shown can have aluminum, copper, gold and / or silver as the material.

28 shows that at least in some areas in the free spaces of the partial metal layer and formed as a conductor track 4 a filling layer 20 is arranged. The filling layer 20 can have plastic as the material and / or can be produced by coating, printing and / or painting.

It is not shown that the filling layer 20 is designed as a separate, maskable negative layer that can be applied.

Otherwise shows 29 that the metal layers 4 have different polarities and / or circuits.

It is also not shown that the multi-layer structure 1 has an S _d value of less than 1500 m, preferably less than 1000 m, more preferably between 0.01 to 500 m and in particular at least essentially between 0.01 to 100 m, and / or that the multilayered layer structure ( 1 ) has an S _d value of greater than 100 m, preferably greater than 500 m, more preferably greater than or equal to 800 m, preferably between 800 m to 5000 m.

Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided that the multi-layer structure 1 has a water vapor passage (W _DD value) of less than 2 g / m ² / 24h, preferably less than 1 g / m ² / 24h, more preferably between 0.1 g / m ² / 24h and 0.6 g / m ² / 24h, and / or has an oxygen passage of less than 2 cm ³ / m ² / 24h, preferably less than 1 cm ³ / m ² / 24h, more preferably between 0.1 cm ³ / m ² / 24h to 0 , 5 cm ³ / m ² / 24h.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

multi-layer structure

2

element

3

film layer

4

metal layer

5

backing

6

using page

7

decorative layer

8th

protective layer

9

damping layer

10

link layer

11

Color ink receiving layer

12

Background layer

13

support plate

14

middle class

15

reinforcing layer

16

backing

17

edge side

18

locking contours

19

insulation layer

20

filling layer

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is only included for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Non-patent literature cited

• DIN 4102 [0134]
• DIN 4108-3 [0153]
• ISO 2556 [0156]
• ISO 15105/1 [0156]
• DIN EN 14565 [0338]

Claims (75)

Use of a multi-layer structure (1) for an element (2) for use as a floor, wall, ceiling, furniture, decoration, interior finishing element, preferably strip, profile, edge, door and / or window element , Facade, wallpaper, car interior, car exterior and / or outdoor covering element with at least one decorative layer (7) and at least one metallic and / or metal-containing metal layer (4), the decorative layer (7) being designed in particular in this way that the metal layer (4), in particular on the top, facing the user side (6), is visible at least in some areas, preferably optically recognizable and / or optically shining through. Use after Claim 1 , characterized in that the multilayered layer structure (1) has a film layer (3) at least in some areas, in particular wherein the film layer (3) is at least partially transparent and / or translucent, in particular translucent. Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the metal layer (4) is directly and / or indirectly firmly connected to the film layer (3) and / or the decorative layer (7). Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the multilayered layer structure (1) has a carrier layer (5) at least in some areas, the metal layer (4) being arranged directly and / or indirectly on the carrier layer (5), in particular wherein the metal layer (4) firmly, preferably inseparably, is connected to the carrier layer (5) and / or wherein the metal layer (4) is provided on the top side, facing the user side (6), and / or on the underside on the carrier layer (5). Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the film layer (3) and / or the decorative layer (7) is designed as a carrier layer (5) and / or that the film layer (3) is formed over part of the area. Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the decorative layer (7) is in the form of printing and / or coating and / or in that the decorative layer (7) is in the form of a coating, coating and / or film, in particular adhesive film, preferably is based on paper and / or plastic. Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, in particular on the upper side, facing the user side (6), on the film layer (3), the decorative layer (7), the carrier layer (5) and / or the metal layer (4) at least in regions at least one single-layer or multilayer protective layer (8), in particular a protective film and / or a protective coating, in particular a lacquer, impregnation, lamination and / or film coating, is arranged, in particular wherein the film layer (3) and / or the carrier layer (5) and / or the protective layer (8) is at least partially transparent and / or translucent, in particular translucent, and / or wherein the protective layer (8), the film layer (3) and / or the carrier layer (5) has pigmentation and / or colored, preferably dyed through, and / or painted on the top and / or bottom. Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the film layer (3) is designed as a protective layer (8). Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of at least single-layer protective layers (8) are integrated in the multilayer layer structure (1), in particular wherein the protective layer (8) is designed as a damping layer (9). Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the film layer (3) is printed at least in some areas, in particular where the film layer (3) is transparent and / or translucent in the unprinted areas and / or wherein the film layer (3) in the printed areas is translucent. Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the metal layer (4) is printed at least in some areas, in particular wherein the film layer (3) is at least partially transparent and / or translucent. Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one decorative layer (7) on the user side (6) of the layer structure faces and / or faces away from the film layer (3), the carrier layer (5), the protective layer (8) and / or the metal layer (4) is provided, in particular where the decorative layer (7) can be produced or produced by printing and / or coating the film layer (3), the protective layer (8) and / or the metal layer (4) and / or wherein the decorative layer (7) is designed as a full and / or partial, preferably interrupted, layer. Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the Decorative layer (7) is at least partially transparent and / or translucent, in particular translucent, and / or that the decorative layer (7) is partially formed, in particular in such a way that the metal layer (4), in particular on the top side, faces the user side (6), is visible at least in some areas, preferably optically recognizable and / or optically shining through. Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the, preferably printed, decorative layer (7), at least in some areas, is a decor based on the imitation of a material and / or a texture, in particular a natural material and / or a natural texture, preferably based on a wood -, stone material and / or concrete, tile, ceramic, metal material and / or on the basis of a graphic and / or a photographic and / or typographic elements having decor and / or a decor with a natural and / or artificial patina texture , Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the outside of the multilayer layer structure (1), in particular on the underside, facing away from the user side (6), a connecting layer (10), in particular a paper layer resinated with melamine resin and / or an adhesive layer, which preferably has a Has polyacrylate adhesive, and / or a layer comprising a paper, fleece and / or fabric is provided, in particular wherein the connecting layer (10) has a compensating, protective, adhesive, adhesive, damping, connecting and / or adapter function having. Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the metal layer (4) has at least one metal foil and / or a metal sheet and / or is designed as a metallic and / or a metal-containing coating. Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the metal layer (4) as metallization, as metallic and / or metal-containing printing, painting and / or coating of the carrier layer (5), the film layer (3) and / or the protective layer (8 ) is trained. Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the metal layer (4) is at least partially transparent and / or translucent, in particular translucent, in particular where the metal layer (4) can be produced by metallization and / or printing. Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the metal layer (4) is provided both on the top side, facing the user side (6), and on the underside of the carrier layer (5). Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the metal-containing coating of the metal layer (4) by means of thermal spraying, preferably wire flame spraying, powder flame spraying, arc spraying, plasma spraying and / or high-speed flame spraying (HVOF), and / or by means of powder coating, in particular electrostatic powder coating (EPS) ), and / or has been applied by vortex sintering and / or by means of vacuum coating. Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the metal layer (4) has a layer thickness of 5 nm to 25 µm, preferably from 10 nm to 15 µm, more preferably from 17 nm to 10 µm, more preferably further from 20 nm to 10 µm and in particular at least essentially from 50 nm to 0.5 µm. Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the metal-containing coating and the carrier layer (5) have a total layer thickness of 0.5 µm to 1000 µm, preferably from 5 µm to 400 µm, more preferably from 20 µm to 150 µm. Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the metal layer (4) comprises a metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, chromium, iron, gold, copper, molybdenum, palladium, titanium, silver, tin, zinc and lead and / or consists of and / or that the metal layer (4) is an alloy of aluminum, chromium, iron, gold, copper, molybdenum, palladium, titanium, silver, tin, zinc and / or lead, in particular steel alloy, stainless steel alloy, copper alloy, preferably brass and / or bronze, nickel-chromium alloy, copper-aluminum alloy, constantan, Monel and / or gold-tone alloy and / or consists thereof. Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the metal layer (4) has and / or consists of a semimetal and / or a semimetal alloy. Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the metal layer (4) is formed over the entire surface and / or continuously. Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the metal layer (4) is partially formed. Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the metal layer (4) is in the form of a sheet, in particular a sheet, in particular the sheet having a layer thickness of 0.1 mm to 20 mm, preferably 1 mm to 10 mm preferably from 0.5 mm to 5 mm. Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the metal layer (4) is designed as a metal foil, preferably aluminum foil, preferably with a pure aluminum content greater than 90%, in particular from 99% to 99.9%, in particular with the metal foil having a layer thickness from 0.1 µm to 1000 µm, preferably from 1 µm to 600 µm, more preferably from 5 µm to 500 µm. Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the metal layer (4) is designed as a cast and / or drawn metal, preferably as an extruded aluminum profile. Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the metal layer (4) and / or the decorative layer (7) has been applied as a coating, in particular by means of a painting process and / or printing process, preferably digital printing, flexographic printing, screen printing, rotogravure printing, anodizing printing, Offset printing, 3D printing, direct printing, transfer printing, preferably thermal transfer printing, sublimation printing and / or gravure printing, and / or by means of an embossing film, preferably hot stamping film and / or cold stamping film, is transferred, in particular the coating preferably having a layer thickness of 5 nm to 400 μm from 10 nm to 250 µm. Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the metal layer (4) metal pigments, preferably comprising a brass alloy, copper, gold, silver and / or aluminum, and / or metallic effect pigments, preferably in the form of a brass alloy, copper, gold, silver and / or aluminum, and / or interference pigments and / or pearlescent pigments. Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the metal layer (4) and the carrier layer (5) are designed as a hologram film and / or have at least one hologram. Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the film layer (3) and / or the carrier layer (5), preferably in the form of a film layer (3), and / or the protective layer (8) as a material, in particular based on synthetic and / or semi-synthetic polymers, preferably elastomeric, thermoplastic and / or thermosetting plastic, in particular polyvinyl chloride (PVC), cast polyvinyl chloride, polyester (PES), polyester with a surface containing polyvinyl chloride, perfluorocarbons (PFC), polyurethane (PUR), thermoplastic polyurethane ( TPU), polypropylene (PP), natural fiber reinforced plastic (NFK), cast propylene (CPP), oriented propylene (OPP), biaxial oriented propylene (BOPP), polyetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyethylene (PE), high density polyethylene (HDPE), low Density polyethylene (LDPE), polyamide (PA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET / PETP), polystyrene (PS), biaxially oriented polyester film (BOPET), polyactide (PLA, PDLA, PLLA and / or PDLLA), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polycarbonate (PC), polyester carbonate (PEC), polyether sulfone (PES), polyimide (PI), polyarylates (PAR), unsaturated Polyester resin (UP), cast alkyd resin film, cast acrylic resin layer, polyetherimide (PEI), polyether ketone (PAEK / PEEK), polyactide (PLA), cellulose acetate and / or starch blends. Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the film layer (3) and / or the carrier layer (5) and / or the protective layer (8), preferably in the form of a film layer (3), and / or the protective layer (8) as, preferably transparent and / or translucent, Melamine layer is formed. Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the film layer (3) and / or the carrier layer (5) and / or the protective layer (8), preferably in the form of a film layer (3), and / or the protective layer (8) as material is a biopolymer-containing and / or a biopolymer , preferably a biodegradable material and / or a biogenic raw material, in particular a material made of organic substances, preferably a vegetable and / or living substance and / or raw material, in particular based on wood, cellulose, lignin, starch, sugar, vegetable oil , Chitin, casein, gelatin, crab shells, animal and / or vegetable proteins, fungi, insects, bacteria, zein and / or algae, and / or consists thereof. Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the biopolymer-containing film layer (3) and / or the carrier layer (5) and / or the protective layer (8) polyvinyl alcohol (PVAL), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), Polycaprolactone (PCL), polyactide (PLA), bio-copolyester, terpolyester, bio-polyurethane (bio-PUR), bio-polyamide (bio-PA), starch polymer, preferably thermoplastic starch (TPS), cellulose polymer, lignin, vegetable oil-based biopolymer, such as rapeseed oil, castor oil, soybean oil and / or sunflower oil, chitin, chitosan, casein plastics (CS / CSF), gelatin, polyester, thermoplastic biopolyester, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), polyethylene furanoate (PEF), polysaccharides (multiple sugar) Has acids, such as succinic acid and / or lactic acid, polyhydroxybutyric acid (PHB), polyamino acids and / or lipids. Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the film layer (3) has a layer thickness between 1 µm to 2500 µm, preferably between 3 µm to 500 µm, more preferably between 5 µm to 150 µm. Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the film layer (3) has pigmentation and / or is colored, preferably through-colored, and / or is coated on the top and / or underside. Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the film layer (3) and / or the carrier layer (5) and / or the protective layer (8) has an, in particular adhesion-promoting and / or transparent, color-ink receiving layer (11) , in particular wherein the color-ink-receiving layer (11) can be produced or produced by an adhesion-promoting pretreatment. Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the carrier layer (5) as the material cellulose, natural fiber, synthetic fiber, plastic, in particular an elastomeric plastic and / or rubber, metal, wood, foam, wood-based materials, wood-plastic composite materials, such as Wood-Plastic-Composite (WPC), cork and / or linoleum and / or consists thereof and / or as a plastic film, multi-layer fiber composite material, preferably High Pressure Laminate (HPL), Low Pressure Laminate (LPL), Direct Pressure Laminate (DPL) , Continuous Pressure Laminate (CPL) and / or decorative laminate (DKS), paper, cardboard, fleece, textile, preferably a woven fabric, knitted fabric and / or felt, stone-based, fine stoneware-based, mineral, ceramic, cement-based and / or gypsum-based substrate and / or glass and / or is formed as a glass-based material. Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the protective layer (8) as a thermoplastic and / or elastomeric plastic material, in particular polyurethane (PUR), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP) and / or polyethylene (PE) and / or polyester, in particular polyethylene terephthalate (PET), coating is formed. Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the protective layer (8) is a water-miscible and / or a water-dilutable, preferably transparent, polyurethane (PUR) lacquer, an acrylate lacquer, an elastic lacquer, a polyester lacquer, an electron-beam hardened lacquer (ESH paint), an alkyd resin paint, a dispersion paint, an acrylic polymer paint, a high solid paint, a phenol paint, a urea paint, a melamine resin paint, a polyester paint, a polystyrene paint, a polyvinyl resin paint, a polyurethane resin paint, a powder coating, a silicone resin paint, a biopolymer coating, a synthetic polymer coating and / or a cellulose nitrate coating. Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the polyurethane (PUR) - / lacquer additives, selected from the group of polyurethane dispersion, silica, water, glycol ether, heterocyclic ketones and additives and mixtures thereof. Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the film layer (3), the protective layer (8), the carrier layer (5) and / or the metal layer (4) has a structured surface, in particular the structured surface being treated by a mechanical surface treatment , in particular polishing, sandblasting, satinizing, glass bead blasting, grinding milling, drilling, scoring, brushing, lasering, engraving, laser engraving and / or embossing, and / or by a chemical surface treatment, in particular etching, patination and / or coloring, can be generated or generated , Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the structured surface of the metal layer (4), the protective layer (8) and / or the film layer (3) is at least substantially in synchronism with the decor of the decorative layer (7) in the manner of a synchronous pore is. Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the structured surface of the film layer (3), the protective layer (8), the carrier layer (5) and / or the metal layer (4) has a layer thickness of 0.01 mm to 10 mm, preferably from 0.05 mm to 2.5 mm. Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the multi-layer structure (1) for changing and / or improving the electrical, thermal, barrier and / or chemical properties and / or sun protection and / or fire protection (flame retardancy) and / or for shielding electrical, magnetic, electromagnetic fields for the element (2). Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on at least one edge side (17), preferably on all edge sides (17), of the multilayer layer structure (1) preferably corresponding to one another and / or complementary on opposite edge sides, preferably lockable and / or connectable, locking contours (18) are provided, in particular wherein the locking contours (18) are designed as a tongue and groove connection. Method for producing a multilayered layer structure (1) for an element (2) for use as a floor, wall, ceiling, furniture, decoration, interior construction element, preferably strip, profile, edge, door and / or window element, facade, wallpaper, car interior, car exterior and / or outdoor covering element with at least one decorative layer (7) and at least one metallic and / or metal-containing metal layer (4), in particular according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the metal layer (4) is directly and / or indirectly connected to the decorative layer (7). Procedure according to Claim 49 , characterized in that the metal layer (4) is applied by a metallic and / or metal-containing coating to a carrier layer (5), in particular a film layer (3) and / or the decorative layer. Procedure, after Claim 49 or 50 , characterized in that the carrier layer (5), preferably the film layer (3) and / or the decorative layer (7), is coated with a metallic and / or metal-containing material to form the metal layer (4), printed, in particular by means of anodized, Direct, inkjet, offset, gravure, flexographic, screen and / or 3D printing transfer printing, preferably thermal transfer printing and / or sublimation printing, and / or by means of an embossing film, preferably hot stamping film and / or cold stamping film, transferred and / or by means of micro-contact and / or rotary coating, and / or is metallized. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the metal layer (4) is applied to the carrier layer (5) by galvanization. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the metal-containing coating of the metal layer (4) is applied by means of thermal spraying, wire flame spraying, powder flame spraying, arc spraying, plasma spraying and / or high-speed flame spraying (HVOF). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the metal-containing coating of the metal layer (4) is applied by means of vacuum coating, preferably vacuum evaporation, plasma coating, physical vapor deposition (PVD) and / or chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the layers of the multilayer layer structure (1) are connected to one another by lamination, coextrusion and / or lamination, in particular by means of a roll lamination method and / or surface lamination method. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, in particular on the top, facing the user side (6), on the film layer (3), the decorative layer (7) and / or the metal layer (4) at least one at least one-layer protective layer (8) , in particular a protective film and / or a protective coating, is applied, in particular by means of painting, impregnation, lamination and / or film coating. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the protective layer (8) is dried after application, preferably by heat and / or infrared radiation, and / or crosslinked, preferably by a hardener component, in particular in the case of a two-component aqueous coating, by ultraviolet -Radiation, by electron beam hardening (ESH) and / or heat. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the user side (6) of the multi-layer structure (1) facing and / or facing away from the film layer (3), the protective layer (8) and / or the metal layer (4) at least one Decorative layer (7) is applied, in particular the decorative layer (7) being produced by printing and / or coating the film layer (3), the protective layer (8) and / or the metal layer (4) over the entire surface and / or over part of the surface. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the decorative layer (7) has been applied as a coating, in particular by means of a painting process and / or printing process, preferably in rotogravure printing, screen printing, anodizing, offset printing, flexographic printing, 3D printing, digital printing, transfer printing, preferably thermal transfer printing, sublimation printing and / or direct printing, and / or by means of an embossing film, preferably hot stamping film and / or cold stamping film. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the protective layer (8), the film layer (3) and / or the metal layer (4) is / are subjected to a mechanical surface treatment, in particular by polishing, sandblasting, satinizing, glass bead blasting, grinding, Milling, drilling, scoring, brushing, lasering, engraving, laser engraving and / or embossing. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the metal layer (4) is subjected to a chemical surface treatment, in particular etching, patination and / or coloring. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the metal layer (4) is demetallized at least in partial areas. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the film layer (3) is produced by extrusion, casting, calendering and / or blow molding. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the film layer (3), carrier layer (5) and / or protective layer (8) is pretreated with corona treatment, flame treatment, plasma treatment and / or fluorination before printing and / or coating. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the film layer (3) and / or the at least single-layer protective layer (1) extrudes onto the metal layer (4) and / or the at least single-layer protective layer (8) onto the film layer (3) and / or is laminated, in particular using lacquer, glue and / or wax as the laminating agent. Element (2) for use as a floor, wall, ceiling, furniture, decoration, interior construction element, preferably strip, profile, edge, door and / or window element, facade, wallpaper, car Interior, car exterior and / or outdoor covering element with a multilayer structure (1) according to one of the preceding claims and an at least single-layer substrate layer (12). Element after Claim 66 , characterized in that the base layer (12) has at least one carrier plate (13), in particular a plasterboard plate, gypsum fibreboard, a plaster base, coarse chipboard (OSB chipboard), a high-density fiber board (high density fiber board; HDF board), a perfluorocarbon board Board (PFC board), a medium density fiberboard (Medium Density Fiberboard; MDF board), particle board, a Wood Plastic Composite board (WPC board), and / or as High Pressure Laminate (HPL), Continuous Press Laminate (CPL), Low Pressure Laminate (LPL), Direct Pressure Laminate (DPL), decorative laminate (DKS), stone-based, fine stoneware-based, mineral, ceramic, cement-based and / or gypsum-based substrate layer (12). Element after Claim 66 or 67 , characterized in that the carrier plate (13) is a, preferably elastic, plastic material, in particular polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethane (PUR), polyethylene (PE), polyester, in particular polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and / or polypropylene (PP), a natural fiber reinforced Plastic (NFK), perfluorocarbons (PFC), acrylate, linoleum, rubber, an elastomer, cork, a polyolefin, a chlorine-free plastic, solid wood, wood materials, a compact laminate and / or metal, in particular sheet metal, has and / or consists thereof. Element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the background layer (12) is firmly connected to the multilayer structure (1), in particular is glued. Element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the background layer (12) has a middle layer (14), in particular wherein the middle layer (14) has a plastic-containing and / or mineral material, in particular using polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethane ( PUR), linoleum, an elastomer, cork, a polyolefin, a chlorine-free plastic, acrylate, a foam, rubber, a mineral material and / or a mineral mixture is provided. Element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the middle layer (14) is a high-density fiber board (HDF), a medium-density wood fiber board (MDF board), a high pressure laminate board (HPL board), a continuous pressure laminate board (CPL -Plate), particle board a compact laminate (DKS), preferably polyethylene (PE), Low Pressure Laminate (LPL), Direct Pressure Laminate (DPL), metal, Wood-Plastic-Composite (WPC), a wood material, solid wood, glass, paper and / or cardboard. Element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the background layer (12), preferably on the top and / or bottom of the middle layer (14), has a reinforcement layer (15), in particular wherein the reinforcement layer (15) has jute and / or a glass fiber reinforcement having. Element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the background layer (12), in particular on the underside, facing away from the user side (6), has a back layer (16), in particular wherein the back layer (16) has a plastic material, in particular polyvinyl chloride (PVC). , Polyurethane (PUR), linoleum, an elastomer, a polyolefin and / or a chlorine-free plastic, and / or wherein the back layer (16) comprises a metallic material, in particular a metallic foil, cork and / or glass. Element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on at least one edge side (17), preferably on all edge sides (17), preferably mutually complementary and / or on opposite edge sides of complementary, preferably latchable and / or connectable, locking contours ( 18) are provided, in particular wherein the locking contours (18) are designed as tongue and groove connections. Method for producing the element (2) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the multi-layer structure (1) is connected to the base layer (12), in particular pressed, laminated, glued and / or laminated, in particular by means of a roll lamination method and / or one Flächenkaschierverfahrens.

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