DE202018003079U1 - Plant for anaerobic digestion - Google Patents

Abstract

Plant for the production of biogas and compost by means of anaerobic digestion, in which a suspension is produced from the materials to be fermented and water, characterized in that all containers in which the suspension is stored or treated, have a low point and a pipeline, with the the suspension can be pumped from this low point to the next container.

Description

The invention relates to a plant for the production of biogas and compost by anaerobic fermentation of organic material, in particular from waste with fermentable fractions.

Dry fermenter plants such as pit fermenters and plug flow plants on the one hand and wet fermentation plants on the other hand correspond to the state of the art.

Pit fermenter as exemplified in DE000010257849A1 and plug flow systems as exemplified in EP000001848675B1 described characterized by the fact that usually the entire amount of waste for biogas and compost production can be used. Both types of equipment, however, share the disadvantage that during the process virtually no or only small portions of the foreign matter fraction can be separated. Thus, it is not possible with these methods alone to reach demanding contaminant limits for the produced compost (eg max. 0.1% by weight and 15 cm ² contaminant area per dm ³ compost as required in Germany).

These compost qualities are possible in wet fermentation processes, since they produce a suspension with a solids content of typically 10-15%, from which waste materials can be separated.

However, a conflict of objectives occurs in the separation of the contaminants whose density is greater than that of the suspension. If these contaminants, especially the fines, e.g. deposited by means of sand traps or cyclones to a very large percentage, it also significant amounts of organics are recorded that are no longer available for biogas production and also complicate the disposal of contaminants. If, on the other hand, the proportion of fines deposited is low, sedimentation takes place in the tanks of the biogas plant, which leads to a reduction in the available container volume and can disturb the agitator and pump operation.

This is where the invention begins, which provides a plant for the anaerobic fermentation of organic material, which is insensitive to the settling of sedimenting impurities.

For this purpose, the system according to the invention in all containers in which the fermentation suspension is stored or treated, devices for pumping the suspension at the lowest point of the container. Preferably, the container bottoms are cone-shaped. It is also advantageous to arrange on the container bottom scrapers or agitators that carry sediment to the deepest container point.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the system has at least one overflow from one to another container. Thus, it is not necessary that the suspension must be constantly pumped from this one to this further container. Rather, this gives the option of pumping the suspension to e.g. to restrict a daily process.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the overflow is formed. That so floating layers can be discharged.

In a particular embodiment of the invention, the pipelines which pump the suspension into a container are arranged on the bottom thereof so that sedimentation is prevented by the inflowing suspension or sediment is conveyed in the direction of the lowest container point. Also covered by the teaching of the invention, the distribution of the suspension flow is at least two places on the tank arch in order to achieve the largest possible area of the container bottom. In this case, the suspension can be pumped simultaneously via all tubes or alternately via a respective tube into the container.

When using external Fermenterheizungen it is advantageous to make the return to the container so that sedimentation is prevented by the inflowing suspension and sediment is transported in the direction of the lowest tank point.

In a particular embodiment of the invention, a plurality of returns from the fermenter heater are arranged at least two points on the fermenter tray in order to achieve the largest possible area of the fermenter tray. In this case, the suspension can be pumped simultaneously over all returns or alternately via a respective return in the fermenter.

The piping with which the suspension is sucked from containers, at least partially extend within these containers. Thus, no openings must be attached to the container bottom and there are no buried pipes required, which increases the leakage safety.

1. a) auf die Installation und den Betrieb von Sandfängen oder Zyklonen kann verzichtet werden, oder diese können einfacher und in der Anschaffung und im Betrieb kostengünstiger ausgelegt werden
2. b) eine die Funktionsfähigkeit der Anlage wesentlich beeinträchtigende Sedimentbildung ist nicht möglich
3. c) die Entsorgung von organikhaltigen Sanden und Sedimenten ist nicht erforderlich oder stark reduziert
4. d) die gesamte in der Suspension befindliche Organik kann zur Biogasbildung genutzt werden
5. e) die Kompostmenge wird erhöht

The system according to the invention thus has these advantages:

1. a) the installation and operation of sand traps or cyclones can be dispensed with, or they can be designed to be simpler and cheaper to purchase and operate
2. b) a sediment formation which substantially impairs the functioning of the plant is not possible
3. c) the disposal of organic sands and sediments is not required or greatly reduced
4. d) the entire organic in the suspension can be used for biogas production
5. e) the amount of compost is increased

In the 1 is a plant according to the invention by way of example, but the teaching of the invention is not limiting.

A container 10 can serve as a buffer and / or hydrolysis. The sequence 11 is arranged according to the invention at the lowest point of the container, with a pump 12 can the contents of the container 10 be pumped into the following container. Stirrers arranged in the area of the soil cone 13 make sure that no sediments can be deposited there.

After the pump 12 there is a device 14 in which foreign matter can sediment when the shut-off device 15 is open. The accumulated sediments can be discharged by the shut-off device 15 opened and the shut-off device 16 is opened.

The container 20 serves as a fermenter. Here is the fermenter content over the line 21 with the pump 22 pumped out, with the line 22 guided here within the fermenter. The fermenter has an external heater 23 , about the pump 24 The heated substrate is pumped in the region of the cone in the fermenter, whereby sedimentation is prevented there. Stirrers installed in the fermenter are in the 1 not shown. During start-up, the pump becomes 24 usefully operated in the opposite direction until the end of the pipeline 25 is covered by the substrate.

Since it corresponds to the prior art, provide before and behind pumps shut-off, they are in 1 not shown.

The fermenter 20 also has an overflow 26 in which a separating device for foreign substances 27 is arranged. In 2 this separator is shown in side view; 3 shows the in 2 defined view A, in each case a sieve 28 is shown. The sieve conducts foreign matter into a reservoir 29 , which can be emptied into a trough, for example.

• - beim Abpumpen des Fermenterinhaltes mittels der Leitung 21 Sedimente abzupumpen
• - durch (alternierende) Nutzung der des Überlaufes 25 Pumpenstrom zu sparen
• - über die Vorrichtung 27 Fremdstoffe abzuscheiden und damit eine Schwimmschicht abzutragen

This configuration allows the plant operator to

• - When pumping the Fermenterinhaltes by means of the line 21 Pump off sediments
• - by (alternating) use of the overflow 25 Save pump current
• - about the device 27 To deposit foreign matter and thus to remove a floating layer

The system according to the invention makes it possible to close a barrier in the passage of the separation device and to accumulate something in the contents of the fermenter, so that a floating layer can be sucked off or reduced particularly effectively when the closed barrier is opened.

In 1 is finally another container 30 represented, which can be used as a post-fermenter and / or fermentation product storage. This container has a flat or substantially flat container bottom and a sump 31 with a pump 32 and a substrate conduit laid in the container 33 on. Two strong stirrers 34 at the bottom of the container are suitable to counteract the deposition of sediment outside the sump.

The pump 32 can also outside the container 30 be installed as a suction pump.

Finally, the teaching of the invention also includes the arrangement of separation device 14 and or 27 on other containers.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 000010257849 A1 [0003]
• EP 000001848675 B1 [0003]

Claims (10)

Plant for the production of biogas and compost by means of anaerobic digestion, in which a suspension is produced from the materials to be fermented and water, characterized in that all containers in which the suspension is stored or treated, have a low point and a pipeline, with the the suspension can be pumped from this low point to the next container. Plant after Claim 1 , characterized in that the low point is formed by a conical design of the container bottom. Plant after Claim 1 , characterized in that the low point is formed by a pump sump or another depression in an otherwise not or only slightly inclined container bottom. Installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that pipelines with which suspension is pumped into a container, are arranged so that in the container in which the suspension is pumped, sediment settling is prevented or reduced. Installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that pipelines with which the suspension is pumped from a container, at least partially extend within the container. Installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that agitators are arranged on the container bottom, so that the settling of sediment is prevented or reduced and sediment is conveyed to the low point of the container. Installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that rakes are arranged on the container bottom, so that the settling of sediment is prevented or reduced and sediment is conveyed to the low point of the container. Installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in addition to piping, with which suspension can be pumped from a container, at least one further pipe is arranged as an overflow (26) in the subsequent containers. Plant after Claim 8 , characterized in that the overflow comprises a separation device for foreign substances. Plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one device 14 is arranged on at least one container in the pipeline, can be pumped out of the container in the substrate, with the sedimenting foreign matter can be eliminated.

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