DE202017006925U1 - Cardiac activity sensor, integrated into portable accessories - Google Patents

Abstract

A device for monitoring cardiac activity, comprising: at least one earphone adapted for placement in the user's ear and providing audio output; cardiac activity sensor adapted to receive the electrical signals of the user's heart, calculate cardiac activity data, wireless cardiac activity data receiving device adapted to wirelessly receive cardiac activity data, the cardiac activity sensor configured to connect between at least one earphone and the wire of the electrode, the cardiac activity sensor being connected to at least the first electrode and the second electrode; wherein the first electrode is integrated with at least one earphone such that when at least one earphone is in the user's ear, the first electrode contacts the skin of the user in the first position, substantially within the user's ear, wherein the second electrode is adapted to contact the skin of the user in the second position, the second position is different from the first position, and the second position is outside of the user's ear.

Description

Field of the invention

This invention relates to portable heart rate monitors, portable heart rate monitoring systems, portable electrocardiography systems and the like. More particularly, this specification relates to a device that combines an integrated cardiac activity sensor with portable devices and accessories.

Background of the invention

Sports activities are an important factor in maintaining a healthy lifestyle for many people. It is considered useful to monitor and record cardiac activity data, especially during exercise. There are many devices that have been developed to monitor the activity of the human heart. For example, the most commonly used device is a heart rate monitor that includes a chest strap with two electrical contacts that make contacts on the user's chest and include a monitor for measuring a person's heart rhythm. This type of heart rate monitor is considered uncomfortable by many users.

Other heart rate monitors include a light based technology. These heart rate monitors usually include a light source and a light detector. The light emanating from the source and directed through the skin of the user is reflected back and perceived by the light receiver. The optical heart rate monitor measures the speed of blood flow through the vein and calculates the heart rate. Optical heart rate monitors are commonly integrated into wearable accessories such as watches, bracelets and headphones. A known disadvantage of optical heart rate monitors is the inaccuracy in measuring the heart rate, especially in motion.

Electrocardiography devices are more accurate, but they tend to be solid and not mobile, or require an additional device that must be firmly attached to the user's chest. It has also been found that electrocardiographic devices that are permanently attached to the user's chest are uncomfortable. Accordingly, there is still a need in this field to improve cardiac monitors, ensure their greater reliability, ease of use and integration with existing hand-held devices, fashion accessories and clothing.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

This section is presented to describe the aspects and embodiments of this invention in a simplified form that are further described in the Detailed Description of Embodiments section. The present summary of the invention is not intended to disclose the essential or essential features of the claimed subject matter and is not intended to aid in the determination of the scope of the claimed subject matter. Aspects of the embodiment of the present invention are intended to overcome at least some of the disadvantages known in the art.

In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, an apparatus for monitoring cardiac activity is proposed. The device is a sensor, commonly referred to as a heart rate monitor or HRM, which is integrated or attached to existing portable accessories, fashion accessories, and clothing worn by a person. The cardiac activity sensor uses an electrocardiogram (ECG) method with at least two electrodes attached to the skin.

Portable devices and accessories that may be incorporated into the cardiac activity monitor include, but are not limited to: earbuds with earmuffs, earbuds with sound transmission along the bone mounted behind the ear or in front of the ear, and earbuds with an ear, goggles , Mask, cap shield, helmet, cap, hood, cap lining, bandage, bandana or swim cap.

The cardiac activity monitoring system consists of at least one sensor and at least two electrodes connected to human skin. The sensor with electrodes can be installed in an existing device, accessories or clothing or be a stand-alone sensor device. The sensor may detect an electrical signal generated by the heart muscles, calculate and transmit heart activity data such as heart rate, heart rate variability, and heart rate to a host device such as a smartphone, watch, or other monitoring device, commonly referred to as a receiving device. Then, the receiving device processes the signals, displays and stores data about cardiac activity.

Further details, advantages and novel features of the embodiments will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be or will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon review of this specification and the accompanying drawings be investigated by the manufacture or operation of the embodiments. The details and advantages of the concepts may be realized and attained by the methods, tools, and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

list of figures

• 1 zeigt ein Blockdiagramm eines Herzaktivitätsüberwachungs systems;
• 2A zeigt eine Ausführungsform des Herzaktivitätssensors, der in eine drahtlose Garnitur integriert ist;
• 2B zeigt eine andere Ausführungsform eines Herzaktivitätssensors, der in eine drahtlose Garnitur integriert ist;
• 3A zeigt einen Anwendungsfall der Garnitur mit dem Herzaktivitätssensor;
• 3B zeigt noch einen Anwendungsfall der Garnitur mit dem Herzaktivitätssensor;
• 4A zeigt eine Vorderansicht, die ein Beispiel darstellt, wie der Benutzer die Garnitur mit dem Herzaktivitätssensor verwenden kann;
• 4B ist zeigt Rückansicht, die ein Beispiel darstellt, wie der Benutzer die Garnitur mit dem Herzaktivitätssensor verwenden kann;
• 4C ist zeigt Vorderansicht, die ein Beispiel darstellt, wie der Benutzer die Garnitur mit dem Herzaktivitätssensor verwenden kann;
• 4D zeigt eine Rückansicht eines männlichen Benutzers, die ein Beispiel darstellt, wie der Benutzer die Garnitur mit dem Herzaktivitätssensor verwenden kann;
• 5A zeigt eine linksseitige Ansicht eines Benutzers, die ein Beispiel darstellt, wie der Benutzer den Herzaktivitätssensor verwenden kann, der an der Rückseite der Kappe angebracht ist;
• 5B zeigt eine linksseitige Ansicht eines Benutzers, die ein Beispiel darstellt, wie der Benutzer den Herzaktivitätssensor verwenden kann, der an der Rückseite der Kappe angebracht ist;
• 5C zeigt eine detaillierte Ansicht einer Ausführungsform des Herzaktivitätssensor, der an der Rückseite der Kappe angebracht ist;
• 5D zeigt eine linksseitige Ansicht eines Benutzers, die ein anderes Beispiel darstellt, wie der Benutzer den Herzaktivitätssensor verwenden kann, der an der Vorderseite der Kappe angebracht ist;
• 5E zeigt eine linksseitige Ansicht eines Benutzers, die ein anderes Beispiel darstellt, wie der Benutzer den Herzaktivitätssensor verwenden kann, der an der Vorderseite der Kappe angebracht ist;
• 6A zeigt eine Vorderansicht eines Benutzers, die ein Beispiel darstellt, wie der Benutzer die Kappe mit dem Herzaktivitätssensor verwenden kann;
• 6B zeigt eine Rückansicht eines Benutzers, die ein Beispiel darstellt, wie der Benutzer die Kappe mit dem Herzaktivitätssensor verwenden kann;
• 7 zeigt einen Herzaktivitätssensor, der in einem Helm eingebaut ist;
• 8 zeigt einen Herzaktivitätssensor, der in eine Brille eingebaut ist;
• 8B zeigt eine Vorderansicht eines Benutzers, die ein Beispiel darstellt, wie der Benutzer die Brille mit dem Herzaktivitätssensor verwenden kann;
• 8C zeigt eine Rückansicht eines Benutzers, die ein Beispiel darstellt, wie der Benutzer die Brille mit dem Herzaktivitätssensor verwenden kann;
• 9 zeigt einen mit der Skibrille integrierten Herzaktivitätssensor;
• 10 zeigt einen mit der Wasserbrille integrierten Herzaktivitätssensor;
• 11A zeigt eine Vorderansicht eines Benutzers, die ein Beispiel darstellt, wie der Benutzer den Herzaktivitätssensor verwenden kann, der in die Kette mit dem Anhänger eingebaut ist;
• 11B zeigt eine Rückansicht eines Benutzers, die ein Beispiel darstellt, wie der Benutzer den Herzaktivitätssensor verwenden kann, der in die Kette mit dem Anhänger eingebaut ist;

Practical, but not limiting embodiments of the invention are indicated in the accompanying figures, in which like elements are represented by reference numerals and in which:

• 1 shows a block diagram of a cardiac activity monitoring system;
• 2A shows an embodiment of the cardiac activity sensor integrated with a wireless set;
• 2 B shows another embodiment of a cardiac activity sensor integrated with a wireless set;
• 3A shows an application of the set with the cardiac activity sensor;
• 3B shows yet another application of the set with the cardiac activity sensor;
• 4A Fig. 11 is a front view illustrating an example of how the user can use the set with the cardiac activity sensor;
• 4B Fig. 9 is rear view showing an example of how the user can use the set with the cardiac activity sensor;
• 4C Fig. 3 is a front view illustrating an example of how the user can use the set with the cardiac activity sensor;
• 4D FIG. 12 is a rear view of a male user illustrating an example of how the user may use the suite with the cardiac activity sensor; FIG.
• 5A Figure 11 is a left side view of a user illustrating an example of how the user may use the cardiac activity sensor attached to the back of the cap;
• 5B Figure 11 is a left side view of a user illustrating an example of how the user may use the cardiac activity sensor attached to the back of the cap;
• 5C shows a detailed view of an embodiment of the cardiac activity sensor attached to the back of the cap;
• 5D Fig. 12 is a left side view of a user illustrating another example of how the user may use the cardiac activity sensor mounted on the front of the cap;
• 5E Fig. 12 is a left side view of a user illustrating another example of how the user may use the cardiac activity sensor mounted on the front of the cap;
• 6A Figure 11 is a front view of a user illustrating an example of how the user may use the cardiac activity sensor cap;
• 6B Figure 11 is a rear view of a user illustrating an example of how the user may use the cardiac activity sensor cap;
• 7 shows a cardiac activity sensor installed in a helmet;
• 8th shows a cardiac activity sensor built into glasses;
• 8B Fig. 11 is a front view of a user illustrating an example of how the user can use the glasses with the cardiac activity sensor;
• 8C Fig. 12 is a rear view of a user illustrating an example of how the user can use the glasses with the cardiac activity sensor;
• 9 shows a cardiac activity sensor integrated with the goggles;
• 10 shows a cardiac activity sensor integrated with the water goggles;
• 11A Fig. 12 is a front view of a user illustrating an example of how the user may use the cardiac activity sensor incorporated in the chain with the tag;
• 11B Fig. 11 is a rear view of a user illustrating an example of how the user may use the cardiac activity sensor incorporated in the chain with the tag;

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

introduction

The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention includes references to the attached figures, which are part of the detailed description. The approaches described in this section are not considered a prior art with respect to the invention claimed in the inventive formula and can not be incorporated in the prior art by inclusion in this section. In the figures, illustrations are in accordance with Examples of practical implementation shown. These examples, also referred to herein as "examples," are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to apply the subject matter. Variants may be integrated, other embodiments may be used, structural, logical and operational changes may be made without departing from what is claimed. Therefore, the following detailed description should not be considered in a limiting sense, and the scope is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Examples of the practical embodiment are presented with reference to a set or apparatus for monitoring cardiac activity. This set and the device may be implemented using electronic devices, computer software or any combination thereof. The implementation of such hardware or software examples depends on the specific application and design limitations of the overall system. For example, an element or elementary part or any combination of elements may be implemented using a "data processor" comprising one or more microprocessors, microcontrollers, CPU, digital signal processors (DSPs), Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), programmable logic integrated circuits (FPGAs), state machines, closed logic, discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable hardware designed to perform various functions mentioned in this specification. Data processing may be performed by software, firmware or middleware (collectively referred to as "software"). The term "software" in the broadest sense refers to instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subroutines, software components, applications, software applications, software packages, objects, executables, execution threads, procedures, Functions that may be termed software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.

Accordingly, in one or more embodiments, the functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software, or any combination thereof. When functions are implemented in the software, they can be stored or encoded as one or more instructions, or encoded on a non-persistent readable medium. The computer-readable storage medium includes computer storage media. The volume can be any medium that is available to the computer. By way of example, and not limitation, such computer-readable medium may include random access memory, read-only random access memories, electrically erasable programmable read only memories, magnetic disk storage, solid state memory or any other data storage device, combinations of the above types of machine readable carriers or any other medium that can be used to store the executable code in the form of instructions or data structures that can be obtained from the computer.

For the purposes of this patent document, the terms "or" and "and" mean "and / or" unless otherwise specified in connection with their use or expressly provided otherwise. The terms "exists", "exists", "contains" and "includes" are interchangeable and should not be limited. For example, the term "comprising" should be interpreted to mean "including but not limited to".

It should also be understood that the terms "first," "second," "third," etc. in this document can be used to describe various elements. These terms are used to distinguish one element from another, but do not imply the required sequence of elements. For example, the first element may be referred to as the second element, and similarly, the second element may be referred to as the first element without departing from the scope of the present invention. Moreover, it should be understood that when one element is referred to as being "coupled", or "connected" or "coupled" to another element, it may be directly coupled or connected, or coupled or may be coupled to another element there are other elements in between. Deviating from this, however, if an element is referred to as being "directly connected to" or "directly linked" to another element, then there are no intermediate elements.

The term "receiving device" means any computer or electronic device with data processing and data transmission, including, but not limited to, mobile device, mobile phone, smartphone, Internet phone, user equipment, mobile terminal, tablet computer, portable computer, desktop computer , Workstation, thin client, personal digital assistant, multimedia player, navigation system, game console, smart watch, entertainment system, infotainment console, on-board computer, bike computer or virtual reality device.

The term "earphone" is to be interpreted as meaning any device that can be placed in or near the user's external ear to output audio or reduce noise. The term "earphone" also means any or all of the following meanings, or should be interpreted as meaning that one or more of the following elements is an element of the "earphone": headphones, pluggable earphones, hanging earphones, speakers, ear capsule, insert, hearing aid and acoustic device in the ear.

The term "clothing" should be understood as a device comprising at least one earphone or a device with at least one earphone and microphone. So the set can be made either with an earphone (mono) or with a double earphone (mono on both ears or stereo). The term "earphone" is used herein to refer to a pair of earphones or speakers that are mounted close to the ears of the user. Examples of earphones may be encompassing, reinforcing, ear capsule or earmuffs. Ear inserts are small earphones, sometimes called earphones, which are inserted into the ear canal or set in the outer ear. Although the variations of this description are limited to wired earphones, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the same or similar variants can be performed with wireless earphones or a wireless earphone.

The term "clothing" is to be interpreted as meaning any garment that is worn on the user's body and in contact with the user's torso. Some examples of clothing are t-shirt, gym shirt or pullover.

The term "heart activity" should be interpreted to mean any important natural or biological activity of the human heart, including the heartbeat or electrical activity of the heart. By the term "heart activity signal" is meant an analog signal that characterizes the heart activity of the user. The term "cardiac activity data" refers to any digital data that characterizes the heart activity of a user. Some examples of the cardiac activity signal include, but are not limited to, an electrocardiogram (ECG) signal, a cardiac activity wave signal or a cardiac pulse signal. Some examples of cardiac activity data include, but are not limited to, heart rate, heart rate per minute, heart rate variability or any other vital biometric data related to cardiac activity.

As noted above, aspects of the implementation of this invention provide a device for monitoring cardiac activity. In other words, the embodiments of this invention relate to integrating a cardiac activity sensor into an earphone or set, cap or helmet, goggles and other portable accessories or clothing. The cardiac activity monitor is typically tuned to the sensitivity, detection or measurement of one or more of the user's heart activities, generating the cardiac activity data and transmitting the cardiac activity data to a receiving device such as a mobile phone or server for further processing, storage or output on the screen.

The cardiac activity sensor consists of at least two electrodes configured for direct connection to the user's body. An electrode is inserted into the ear canal or outer ear of the user and establishes reliable electrical contact with the skin. The other electrode may be placed on the chest or under the arm, in the armpit area, on the neck, shoulder or back of the user. In some embodiments, the cardiac activity measuring unit may be included in the trim control unit.

In another embodiment, the first electrode is disposed within the cap or helmet and establishes reliable electrical contact with the face. The second electrode may be placed on the chest or under the arm, in the underarm area, on the neck, on the shoulder or on the back of the user.

In another embodiment, however, the first electrode within the goggles is disposed on the nose pads and the temple and provides reliable electrical contact with the skin on the nose, temple, and behind the ear. The second electrode may be placed on the chest or under the arm, in the underarm area, on the neck, on the shoulder or on the back of the user.

In another embodiment, the first electrode is disposed within the goggles on the eye pads and provides reliable electrical contact with the skin around the eye and on the temple. The second electrode may be placed on the chest or under the arm, in the underarm area, on the neck, on the shoulder or on the back of the user.

In yet another embodiment, the first electrode is disposed within the pendant hanging on the neck and provides a reliable electrical contact with the skin on the chest. The second electrode may be disposed on or around the neck of the user.

The cardiac activity measuring unit may additionally include one or more sensors connected to the electrodes and configured to measure electrical signals that are covered by the electrodes and generated by the heart muscles, to filter the ECG signal, to process this ECG signal to calculate various heart data based on ECG and send heart data to the receiving device.

device architecture

In the figures, exemplary embodiments of the device architecture will be described. The figures are schematic illustrations of idealized embodiments. Therefore, the embodiments discussed herein should not be interpreted as being limited to the specific illustrations set forth herein, and these embodiments may include variations and differ from the illustrations set forth herein.

1 shows a block diagram illustrating an example of a device 100 for monitoring cardiac activity, also referred to as a cardiac activity sensor, connected to a receiving device via a wireless protocol such as Bluetooth, ANT +, ZigBee or other wireless protocol for measuring and recording human cardiac activity.

The sensor system 100 to monitor heart activity consists of two electrodes 103 and 105 using electrical wires or electrically conductive polymers with the sensor housing 101 are connected. Both electrodes 103 and 105 are connected to the input of a voltage amplifier (AC AMP) 109 connected. The output signal AC AMP 109 is the amplified voltage between two electrodes 103 and 105 , The output of AC AMP 109 is connected to the analog input of a microcontroller (MCU) 113 connected. MCU 113 processes the voltage data and calculates the cardiac activity data.
It stores the resulting data in the data store 121 , for example in flash memory. The MCU 113 is with a wireless transmitter 107 Bluetooth, ANT +, ZigBee, or any other wireless transmitter.

Modern integrated circuit arrangements (IS) can MCU 113 , AC AMP 109 , a transmitter 107 and a data store 117 which are combined into an IS or commonly referred to as a microchip. The battery 121 supplies the sensor 101 with electricity. It can be a rechargeable battery or a disposable (non-rechargeable) battery.

The transmitter 107 can via a similar wireless transmitter 111 which is installed in a receiving device, wirelessly with the receiver 119 be connected. The receiving device may be a mobile phone, a watch, a tablet PC, a computer or other device that can receive, process, display, store or forward wireless signals to another device. The transmitter 107 can transmit signals such that multiple receiving devices can receive data simultaneously.

2A shows an embodiment of the cardiac activity sensor incorporated in a wireless set 200 is installed in the ear. The set consists of a left 205 and right earphones and a clothing control unit 223 , The set control unit 223 includes a battery (accumulator), a wireless transmitter and audio control of functions such as volume control and a multifunctional programmable button. These functions are often used in conventional trimmings. In addition, the trim control unit contains 223 the components of the cardiac activity sensor that logically reside within the sensor housing 101 in 1 are shown. Some components, such as a battery, wireless transmitter, data storage, and MCU can be used for two purposes: control of the set and monitoring of cardiac activity.

The ear pieces 201 and 211 consist of electrically conductive polymer, such as latex, silicone or synthetic rubber, with additives that allow the passage of electrical current through a low resistance material. The insert may also be made of a soft or spongy material with elements of electrical conductors in the material. The purpose of the insert is to gently fit into the ear canal and establish a reliable electrical contact with the skin. The stakes 201 and 211 can be replaced and on the earphone foot 203 and 213 be installed. The base for the insert is made of metallic or electrically conductive material and is electrically connected to the insert in the ear. The basis for the use of the left earphone 203 is with the wire 207 connected, then by the arrangement 205 of the earphone into the cable 219 arrives. The cable 219 contains wires for the audio signal of the left earphone and the extra wire 207 which is used as an electrode for the cardiac activity sensor.

Similarly, the right earphone has an electrically conductive insert 211 up, on the base 213 is put on and over the wire 215 with the clothing control unit 223 connected is. The wire 215 is part of the cable 217 which also contains wires for the right sound of earphones.

The set control unit 223 is over the cable 217 with the right earphone 213 and over the cable 219 with the left earphone 205 connected. Both cables 217 and 219 contain wires 207 and 215 that connect the inserts in the ear. These wires are in the trim control unit 223 connected and are considered the first electrode 103 in 1 shown for monitoring cardiac activity.

The second electrode, shown as 105 in 1 , is over the cable 225 with the clothing control unit 223 connected. The cable 225 is an insulated cable with a wire and has an electrical connection 227 at the end for connection to the second electrode. The connector 227 may be a clip, such as a crocodile clip, a hook, a snap, or any other type of connector that establishes a reliable electrical connection to the electrode. The cables 225 and 221 Can a clamp or connection 229 to hold them together, preventing excessive sludging.

In another embodiment, in 2 B is shown, the wireless set a frame 235 with the inserts for the earphones in the ear for the right ear 231 and for the left ear 233 made of the conductive material such as a conductive polymer, latex or silicone. The stakes 231 and 233 in the ear are over electrical wires inside the frame 235 with the clothing control unit 237 connected. The wires connecting both inserts in the ear can be found in the trim control unit 237 be connected to each other and are considered the first electrode 103 in 1 shown. The cable 239 is used to control the trim unit 237 via a connector 241 to connect with the second electrode, which is also in 1 105 is shown. The set control unit 237 contains the components of the cardiac activity sensor that are inside the sensor housing 101 in 1 are shown.

In another embodiment, however, the clothing may only have one earphone 213 contained in 2A is shown, with the first electrode installed in the ear insert and over the cable 217 with the clothing control unit 223 connected is. The set control unit 223 is over the connector 227 and the wire of the electrode 225 connected to the second electrode.

The set can be made in various shapes and materials by connecting it to one or two earphones. The mold can be present as a set with the speaker connection inserted in the ear. Regardless of the shape of the set and the number of earphones, the principle of the invention remains the same: one or both earphones make electrical contact with the skin within or around the ear as the first electrode 103 ready, as in 1 is shown. The second electrode is attached to the skin except the ear and to the connector 227 or 241 connected and in 1 as an electrode 105 shown.

The above description of the mini-set focused on the cardiac activity monitoring system and does not include descriptions of some common components present in most earphones for transmitting audio signals. A conventional trim control unit may have similar components as in FIG 1 shown is such as MCU 113 , AC AMP 109 , Transmitter 107 and data storage 117 that can be integrated into a single IC. For both functions, a common set of components can be used: sound transmission and cardiac activity monitoring. The entire system with sound and heart activity sensor can be a battery 121 use and can be integrated into a housing.

Examples to illustrate the use of the clothing

3A shows a use case of the wireless set in the ear with the sensor for monitoring heart activity 300 , The left earphone 303 with the conductive insert 301 is inserted into the ear canal. The cable 305 connects the earphone 303 with the clothing control unit 307 , The cable 311 connects the clothing control unit 307 with the earpiece of the right ear. The cable 309 connects the clothing control unit 307 with the wire of the electrode 310 via a peelable connector 313 , The cable 309 is an insulated single wire and has an electrical connector 313 , The connector 313 may be a clip, such as a crocodile clip, a hook, a latch, or any other type of connector that provides a reliable electrical connection to the wire of the electrode 310 manufactures.

Another mounting option is in 3B , shown. The set control unit 315 is over the cable 319 with the wire of the electrode 325 through a peelable connector 323 connected. The wire of the electrode 325 is installed on the back panel of the user. The cable 317 connects the clothing control unit 315 with the earpiece of the right ear. The slide clamp 321 Holds both cables 317 and 319 together to prevent excessive sludging.

The electrodes 310 and 325 may be a simple metal wire, a metallic conductive chain hanging from the neck, or a conductive neck jewelery, tape, or cable made from the conductive polymer.

The wires of the electrodes 310 and 325 may be electrically isolated, allowing the user to isolate certain parts of the second electrode from electrical contact with the skin of the user. Both electrodes may be partially isolated, with only a small portion in electrical contact with the skin of the user, or they may not be isolated at all.

The following four figures show how the electrodes 310 and 325 establish a reliable electrical connection with the skin on a person's body. 4A . 4B . 4C and 4D shows ways to wear a wireless garment in the ear with the cardiac activity sensor and the electrodes connected to different parts of the body for a man and a woman. The cardiac activity sensor uses clothing and other items worn by humans to firmly bond the second electrode to the skin. Since men and women have different accessories for clothing, the electrodes use the characteristics of each clothing.

As in 4A shown is wearing women 400 usually a brassiere 407 , Bras are designed for sports, leisure and everyday life. All bras have common characteristics, such as a close-fitting fit around the chest, under the chest, under the armpits and back. In one embodiment, the trim control unit 401 also a bonding wire of the electrode 403 further, with the wire of the electrode 409 connected is. The wire 403 can use a specially designed connector to make the appropriate connectors 313 or 323 to absorb, as in 3 is shown. This may be a clip, such as a crocodile clip, a hook, a snap, or other type of connector that provides reliable electrical contact with the wire of the electrode 409 manufactures.

The wire of the electrode 409 can be installed under the bra strap and under the chest 411 Continue to be pressed tightly to the skin with the belt of the brassiere. The electrode cable 411 makes reliable electrical contact with the skin under the brassiere. The wire of the electrode 409 may be isolated in some parts, making it possible to make electrical contact in certain areas of the body. For example, the wire is the electrode 409 isolated under the shoulder strap in one embodiment and placed just under the breast 411 an electrical contact.

In another embodiment, the wire is the electrode 409 isolated under the shoulder strap and makes electrical contact with the armpit. It does not apply to the breast 411 , In another embodiment, however, the wire is the electrode 409 not insulated at all and establishes an electrical contact under the shoulder strap.

The rear view of the device integrated with the clothing is in 4B shown. The cable 405 connects both ears with sound and electrode wires.

Although the wire of the electrode 409 for a separate element of the brassiere 407 is designed, it can be sewn into the shoulder strap and under the breast of the bra, glued or welded or integrated into the fabric of the brassiere. Regardless of the design of the electrode cable, the principle of the invention remains the same: the electrode uses a brassiere as a tool to press firmly against the skin to produce a reliable electrical connection.

4C and 4D show another way a person can wear the device. A man 450 usually wears clothes such as a shirt, or subsequent clothing, especially during sports. As in 4C shown are the right earphones 415 and the left earphone 417 over the right 425 and the left one 419 Cable with the dashboard control unit 421 connected. The cable 423 connects the clothing control unit 421 over the connector 427 with the electrode cable 431 , The connector 427 may be a clip such as a crocodile clip, a hook, a snap fastener, or other type of connector that provides reliable electrical contact with the wire of the electrode 431 manufactures. The connector 427 can also be attached to the clothing on the collar to prevent the electrode cable from slipping during user movement.

4D shows the back view of a man 450 with the device. The wire of the electrode may be under the armpit on the back of a person 435 stretched and then on the collar of the clothes 433 be attached.

The wire of the electrode 431 and 435 provides a reliable electrical connection with the armpit. In order to prevent the electrode cable from slipping during the movement of the person, the wire of the electrode can be attached to the collar of the clothing by means of the clamp 427 and then back with the clamp 433 be attached. The clamps provide sufficient voltage to the cable of the electrode 431 so that it would be firmly pressed against the skin of the armpit for a reliable electrical connection.

In another embodiment, the wire of the electrode 431 make electrical contact with the skin on the chest or on the back. In this embodiment, the wire of the electrode 431 not attached to clothing or just at one point 427 or 433 be attached to prevent sludging. In another embodiment, the wire of the electrode 431 However, they can be sewn, glued, pasted or welded into clothing, creating a reliable electrical contact on a person's body: on the neck, chest, armpit or back.

For the electrode cables 409 . 411 . 431 and 435 There are many more mounting options. Regardless of the possibilities of electrode cable laying for a man or a woman, the principle of the invention remains the same: the first electrode establishes a reliable electrical connection to the skin in one or both ears through ear inserts or earphones while the second electrode provides a reliable electrical connection with the skin in other parts of the body to measure electrical signals generated by the heart. The first electrode is integrated into the ear piece of the earphone. The second electrode may be in the form of an electrical wire, a conductive polymer cable, ribbon or ribbon. The second electrode may be attached to clothing to make a reliable connection to human skin where the electrical connection can be of the highest quality, such as the skin of the armpit, under the female breast, and between the female breast, neck, shoulder, the chest and the back of the user.

Examples to illustrate the use of the cap

5A and 5B show a cardiac activity sensor in the cap 500 is installed. In one embodiment, in 5A is shown is a cardiac activity sensor 511 at the back of the cap 501 appropriate. The contact 503 is on the lining of the cap 507 appropriate. The second contact 523 may be attached to the inner lining of the cap. Both contacts are through the electrical wire 505 and 525 connected, as in 5B is shown. If a cap 501 is carried by a person, the cap food with the contacts 503 and 523 pressed against the skin of the forehead. Additional contacts may be attached to the inner lining of the cap for better contact with the skin at multiple locations on the forehead. All contacts are over the electrical wire 505 and 525 connected. The contact 523 is then over an electrical cable 521 with the cardiac activity sensor 511 connected to the rear strap of the cap 527 is appropriate. The cable 521 may be secured between the inner lining of the cap and the outer part of the cap. The cable 521 is with the first contact of the electrode of the sensor 511 connected in 1 also logical as electrode contact 103 is shown.

The connection of the second electrode is through the contact 513 made with the sensor 511 via an electrical cable 509 which is also connected as the second electrode 105 in 1 is shown. The wire of the electrode 515 comes with the second contact of the electrode with the metal snap 513 connected and passes through the shoulder and the back of the person 519 for connection with the skin. To prevent sludging during movement, the cable can 515 on the collar 517 by a clip such as a crocodile clip, button, hook or snap closure.

5C shows an embodiment of the cardiac activity sensor 530 as a peelable sensor 531 which is attached to the rear strap 533 attached to the cap, which is also called 527 is shown. The sensor 531 is on the rear strap 533 the cap by two metal buttons 543 and 545 attached for fixation. The snap closure 545 is on the right side with the electric cable 535 or 521 connected. The snap closure 543 is connected to the second electrode via an electrical cable 537 connected, also shown as 509 on the left side of the head, and the metal snap lock 541 is also called 513 shown on the left. The second wire of the electrode 515 is with the snap closure 513 connected.

5D and 5E show another embodiment of the on the cap 550 attached cardiac activity sensor. The sensor 551 which is shown on the left side, and the sensor 567 , which is shown on the right, may be on the front of the cap 555 using the metal buttons 553 and 569 be attached. The first electrode is by a push button 569 with the conductive strip 565 connected. The conductive strip 565 It is made of conductive polymer and is attached to the inner lining of the cap. The stripe 565 makes electrical contact with the skin on the forehead. The second button 553 is with the electric cable 557 connected, which is mounted between the inner lining of the cap and the outside of the cap. The cable 557 is with metal snap closure 561 connected, which is attached to the outside of the cap. The electrode wire 563 is on the connector 561 as a Attached metal snap closure and runs along the shoulder under the clothing on the back of the user.

6A and 6B Show one of the many ways to wear the cap 600 with the invented cardiac activity sensor. The cardiac activity sensor 601 , which is attached to the back of the cap, is with the wire of the electrode 605 over the connector 603 connected. The electrode wire 605 extends to the shoulder and then under the clothing along the back of the user. The wire of the electrode 605 can on the collar 607 be attached with the snap closure or the clamp like a crocodile clip, which will allow the cable to slip 609 prevented during the movement. Then the electrode wire can 609 along the back of the user in the armpit 611 run and then along the chest to the collar in front 613 run. The electrode wire can be attached to the collar 613 be attached with the hook of the clamp or the push button to prevent excessive sludging during movement.

The mounting options for the second electrode cable for a man and a woman are also in 4A . 4B . 4C . 4D . 5A . 5B . 6A and 6B shown. These mounting options are also used for the electrode wire connected to the cardiac activity sensor on the cap, as in all figures of 5 and 6 is shown.

Examples to illustrate the use of the helmet

7 shows a device for monitoring heart activity, integrated in the bicycle helmet 700 , In one embodiment, the sensor is in a bicycle helmet 701 integrated. The sensor 709 can be found at the back of the helmet with two metal snaps similar to the one in 5A and 5B be shown attached. The first electrode is through an electrical cable 707 with conductive intermediate feeds 703 connected to the left and right side of the helmet. The conductive intermediate liners on both sides are with the cable 705 connected. The intermediate feed 703 are attached so that they make a firm contact with the forehead while wearing the helmet. The intermediate feed 703 may be made of metal or conductive polymer and may be attached to the inside of the helmet, which is worn on the forehead when worn. The second electrode is over the cable 711 with metal snap closure 713 connected to the back of the helmet. The second wire of the electrode 715 can by means of the Drukknopfes of metal 713 be attached to the helmet and go down to the back of the user wearing it. The mounting options for the second electrode cable for a man and a woman are in 4A . 4B . 4C . 4D . 5A . 5B . 6A and 6B shown. These mounting options can also be used for the electrode cable connected to the cardiac activity sensor on the helmet, as in 7 is shown.
The cardiac activity sensor can also be used with other helmets for skiing, snowboarding and other activities similar to those in the 7 integrated bicycle helmet can be integrated.

Examples to illustrate the use of the glasses

8A shows the cardiac activity sensor 800 in the glasses 801 is installed. The cardiac activity sensor 813 can on the cable 809 hang on the glasses 801 attached, and can also be attached to the collar of clothing 821 to be appropriate. Two cables 813 can be attached to the electrodes through the connectors 811 and 815 to be appropriate. The first wire of the electrode 809 is using the connector 811 on the sensor 813 appropriate. The wire of the electrode 809 is inside or near the frame of the glasses 805 installed, then along the upper frame of the glass 803 and is with the nose-holders 807 connected. The nose holders 807 are made of conductive polymer and provide electrical contact with the skin under the nasal pillows. The wire of the electrode 805 can be attached to the frame of the glasses so that it makes additional contact with the skin around the temples and behind the ears.

The second wire of the electrode 817 is with the cardiac activity sensor 813 with the help of a metallic push button 815 connected. The second wire of the electrode 817 can be under the collar of clothing in the back of the user 819 in the armpit and then along the chest 825 be attached. The second wire of the electrode 817 Can on the clothes on the collar 821 and at the front of the collar 823 be attached with a hook, a clamp, such as a crocodile clip, a clip or a snap closure, to the slack of the cable 819 to prevent movement.

8C shows how the first wire of the electrode on both sides of the frame of the glasses 830 can be mounted. The left wire of the electrode 839 and the right wire of the electrode 845 are installed through both eyeglasses. The cables 839 are also as 809 in 8A shown. Both cables of the electrodes 839 and 845 are with the cardiac activity sensor 841 over the connector 847 connected. The second wire of the electrode is over the connector 849 with the sensor 841 connected. The second wire of the electrode provides reliable contact with the skin of the armpit and on the back 843 ,

8B shows a front view of the user holding the glasses 830 wearing. The second wire of the electrode is installed in the armpit and front 837 and on the clothes 835 attached. The front view also shows where the first electrode connects through the nosepiece 833 and the frame of the glasses 831 manufactures.

The mounting options for the second electrode cable for a man and a woman are in 4A . 4B . 4C . 4D . 5A . 5B . 6A and 6B shown. These mounting options are also used for the electrode cable connected to the cardiac activity sensor on the lenses as in 8A . 8B and 8C is shown.

Examples to illustrate the use of the glasses for sports

9 shows the cardiac activity sensor 900 , the one with the goggles 901 combined. The cardiac activity sensor 915 can on the cable 911 hang on the glasses 901 attached, and can also be attached to the collar 927 the body clothing be appropriate. Two wires of the electrode are on the sensor 915 through the connectors 913 and 917 attached. The second wire of the electrode 911 is over the connector 913 with the sensor 915 electrically connected. The first wire of the electrode 911 is with the connector 907 connected to the strap of safety goggles 909 is appropriate. The connector 907 is electrically connected to the first contact strips 903 and 931 of the electrodes via the electrode cables 905 and 929 connected. The contact strips 903 and 931 are made of conductive material and in the inner padding of the glasses 901 built-in. The inner pads of safety goggles with contact strips 903 and 931 are pressed against the forehead and cheekbones of the user's face and establish a reliable electrical connection with the skin.

The second wire of the electrode 919 is over the connector 917 with the sensor 915 connected. The second wire of the electrode 919 gets through the collar of the clothes at the back of the user 921 attached, then runs in the armpit and is the front of the chest 923 stretched along. The second wire of the electrode may attach to the clothing on the collar 925 and 927 be attached with a hook, a clamp, such as a crocodile clip, a clip or a snap closure to prevent slipping of the cable during movement. For a person skilled in the art, it is clear that other glasses with some options can be connected to the cardiac activity sensor in the same way.

The mounting options for the second electrode cable for a man and a woman are in 4A . 4B . 4C . 4D . 5A . 5B . 6A and 6B shown. These mounting options are also used for the electrode cable connected to the cardiac activity sensor on the goggle, as in 9 is shown.

Examples to illustrate the use of the glasses for swimming

10 shows the cardiac activity sensor 1000 with the glasses for swimming 1001 combined. The cardiac activity sensor 1011 Can be attached to the back of the strap of the glasses for swimming using a pair of sealed connectors 1009 and 1013 be attached. The first wire of the electrode 1007 is electrical with the connector 1009 connected to the first input of the electrode 1011 connected to the sensor. At the other end is the wire of the electrode 1007 via a separator 1005 electrically with the contact strips 1003 and 1027 connected to the electrodes. The contact strips 1003 and 1027 are made of conductive material and built into the inner padding of the glasses for swimming. The inserts of the glasses with conductive stripes 1003 and 1027 are pressed against the skin around the eyes and make a reliable electrical connection with the skin.

The second wire of the electrode 1015 is electrical with the connector 1013 connected, which is also electrically connected to the second input of the electrode of the sensor 1011 connected is. The second wire of the electrode 1015 can be on the back of the float with a special attached cap 1017 or a waterproof self-adhesive seal or tape. The second electrode is at the attachment point 1017 a reliable electrical connection with the skin of the swimmer.

The variant of a woman in swimsuit with integrated brassiere is similar to the version of the device with the brassiere, as in 4A and 4B is shown. 4. A man can also wear a full swimsuit with a shoulder strap. In another embodiment, which is shown in FIG. 10 as shown in FIG. 10, therefore, the second wire of the electrode 1023 under the shoulder strap 1019 of the swimsuit and provides a reliable electrical contact with the skin on the shoulder, chest and armpit. The second wire of the electrode 1023 is electrically through a connector 1013 with the sensor 1011 connected.

Examples to illustrate the use of the trailer and the chain

11A and 11B show a cardiac activity sensor 1100 , combined with the trailer 1101 and the necklace 1111 , The cardiac activity sensor can be in the trailer 1101 be integrated. The first electrode is in the trailer 1101 incorporated as a conductive pillow and is connected to the skin of the chest and neck. The pendant may have contact with the skin on the chest with its own weight and under clothing. A woman can take advantage of attaching a pendant under the brassiere, as in 11A is shown. The trailer 1101 can be attached or tucked under the brassiere to prevent the tag from falling out of the brassiere when the user is on the move. The second electrode can be over insulated wires 1103 and 1109 , which are also used as necklaces, with the sensor 1101 be connected. The contacts 1105 and 1107 make reliable contact with the skin and are connected to the input of the second electrode via conductive wired internal cables 1103 and 1109 with the sensor 1101 connected. In addition, a part of the neck jewelry 1111 also be used as the second electrode by making electrical contact with the back of the neck. This electrode 1111 may be a simple electrical wire, a conductive metal circuit or a conductive polymer, and is with the terminals 1105 and 1107 connected.

Other embodiments with the cardiac activity sensor attached or mounted on portable accessories or devices with electrodes connected to the skin using existing skin contact points may be employed using the present invention. The above examples in 2 - 11 are not limited to the described portable devices or accessories and the electrode connection options. In accordance with the present invention, any wearable device or accessory can be improved using the cardiac activity sensor disclosed in this application, wherein the first electrode is connected using specific features of the wearable device, equipment or clothing. The second electrode is connected (in contact) with the skin, which differs from the junction of the first electrode and uses existing portable devices, devices or clothing for firm contact with the skin. Both electrodes are connected to the cardiac activity sensor to measure cardiac activity using electrical signals received from two electrodes.

Thus, the device for monitoring heart activity has been described with various mounting options for portable accessories. Although the embodiments have been described with reference to specific exemplary embodiments, it will be apparent that various modifications and changes may be made to these exemplary embodiments without materially departing from the broader spirit and scope of this scope of the application. Accordingly, the description and figures are to be considered as a visual rather than a limiting sense.

Claims (36)

A device for monitoring cardiac activity, comprising: at least one earphone adapted for placement in the user's ear and providing an audio output; A cardiac activity sensor adapted to receive the electrical signals of the user's heart, calculate cardiac activity data, wirelessly transmit cardiac activity data to the receiving device, Receiving device adapted to receive cardiac activity data wirelessly, wherein the cardiac activity sensor is adapted for connection between at least one earphone and the wire of the electrode, wherein the cardiac activity sensor is connected to at least the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the first electrode is integrated with at least one earphone such that when at least one earphone is in the user's ear, the first electrode contacts the skin of the user in the first position, substantially within the user's ear, wherein the second electrode is adapted to contact the skin of the user in the second position, the second position is different from the first position, and the second position is outside of the user's ear. Device after Claim 1 wherein at least one earphone has an insert; The insert contains an elastic ear insert, whereby the first electrode is integrated with an elastic insert. Device after Claim 1 characterized in that at least the first earphone comprises the first earpiece and the second earphone comprises the second earpiece, each of the first earphone and the second earphone comprising an elastic eartip, the first electrode being integrated or connected to the elastic eartip only in the first earphone , Device after Claim 3 wherein the elastic insert in the ear of the first earphone comprises an electrically conductive material. Device after Claim 1 wherein the cardiac activity sensor additionally comprises the third electrode. Device after Claim 5 wherein at least one set includes the first earphone and the second earphone, each of the first earphone and the second earphone comprising an elastic ear insert, the first electrode being integrated with the elastic insert of the first earphone and the third electrode having the elastic insert in the ear the second earphone is integrated. Device after Claim 6 wherein each of the elastic insert in the ear of the first earphone and elastic insert in the ear of the second earphone comprises conductive material. Device after Claim 1 , additionally comprising: a wire of the electrode adapted to be connected to the cardiac activity sensor, wherein the wire of the electrode comprises the second electrode. Device after Claim 8 wherein the second electrode is embodied as a wire of the electrode, such that when the user controls the device, the second electrode contacts the skin of one or more of: the user's chest, the user's arm, the user's armpit , the user's neck, the user's shoulder, the user's back. Device after Claim 8 wherein the wire of the electrode has an electrical insulation covering that allows the user to isolate certain portions of the second electrode of the electrode wire from electrical contact with the skin of the user. Device after Claim 8 wherein the second wire of the electrode is adapted to contact the skin of the user under clothing, such as a shirt, adjoining clothing or a bra of a user. Device after Claim 1 wherein the cardiac activity sensor comprises: a voltage amplifier capable of amplifying the voltage between at least the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the cardiac activity signal is based at least on the voltage between the first and second electrodes. Device after Claim 1 additionally comprising: a clothing control unit connected to at least one earphone, wherein the cardiac activity sensor is incorporated in the clothing control unit. Device after Claim 13 , additionally comprising: two cables for earphones, including the first cable for the earphone and the second cable for the earphone, wherein at least one earphone comprises the first insert and the second insert, wherein the first cable for the earphone the clothing control unit with the connects the first earphone, and the second cable for the earphone connects the clothing control unit with the second insert for the earphone, wherein the first cable for the earphone at least three wires insulated from each other, wherein one of the three wires of the first cable of the earphone with the first electrode, the second wire of the first cable for the earphone is adapted to transmit the first audio signal and the remaining wire is a common wire, and wherein the second cable for the earphone comprises at least two wires insulated from each other and configured to transmit the second audio signal. Device after Claim 13 , additionally comprising: two cables for earphones, including the first cable for the earphone and the second cable for the earphone, the cardiac activity sensor additionally comprising a third electrode, at least one set comprising the first earphone and the second earphone, the first cable the earphone connects the clothing control unit to the first earphone and the second cable of the earphone connects the clothing control unit to the second earphone, the first cable of the earphone comprising at least three insulated wires, one of the three wires of the first cable of the earphone is connected to the first electrode, the second wire of the first cable of the earphone is arranged to transmit the first audio signal, and the remaining wire is a common wire, and wherein the second cable for the earphone comprises at least three wires insulated from each other, wherein one of three wires of the zw The second wire of the second cable for the earphone is adapted to transmit the second audio signal and the remaining wire is a common wire. A device for monitoring cardiac activity, comprising: a cardiac activity sensor configured to receive the electrical signals of the user's heart, to calculate cardiac activity data, Wirelessly transmitting cardiac activity data to the receiving device, receiving device configured to wirelessly receive cardiac activity data, wherein the cardiac activity sensor is configured to connect between at least two wires of the electrodes, the cardiac activity sensor being connected to at least the first electrode and the second electrode the first electrode is integrated with at least one accessory such that when the user wears the accessory, the first electrode is in first position in contact with the skin of the user, substantially within the area where the accessory is used by the user wherein the second electrode is adapted to contact the skin of the user in the second position, the second position is substantially different from the first position on the skin of the user. Device after Claim 16 , where at least one accessory can be one of the following: hat, cap, helmet, bandana, headgear, glasses, goggles, swimming goggles, goggles or other accessories with direct contact to the user's skin. Device after Claim 16 wherein at least one auxiliary device comprises an elastic insert, wherein the first electrode is integrated with the elastic insert. Device after Claim 16 wherein the elastic insert of the first electrode comprises a conductive material. Device after Claim 16 wherein at least one accessory comprises a metal insert, wherein the first electrode is integrated with the metal insert. Device after Claim 16 wherein at least one accessory may be one of the following: cap, cap, helmet, bandana and headgear, the first electrode being in direct contact with the skin of the user's forehead. Device after Claim 16 wherein at least one accessory may be glasses or goggles, the first electrode being in direct contact with the skin on the user's nose. Device after Claim 22 wherein the first electrode is in direct contact with the skin of the temple, over the ears or behind the ears of the user. Device after Claim 16 wherein at least one accessory may be any of the following: goggles, goggles for swimming, goggles, or other types of goggles, wherein the first electrode makes direct contact with the skin around the user's eyes Device after Claim 16 , additionally comprising: a wire of the electrode adapted to be connected to the cardiac activity sensor, wherein the wire of the electrode comprises the second electrode. Device after Claim 25 wherein the second electrode is embodied as a wire of the electrode, such that when the user controls the device, the second electrode contacts the skin of one or more of: the user's chest, the user's arm, the user's armpit , the user's neck, the user's shoulder, and the user's back. Device after Claim 25 wherein the wire of the electrode comprises an electrical insulation covering that allows the user to isolate certain portions of the second electrode of the electrode wire from electrical contact with the skin of the user. Device after Claim 25 wherein the second wire of the electrode is adapted to contact the skin of the user under clothing, such as a shirt, adjoining clothing or a bra of a user. Device after Claim 16 wherein the cardiac activity sensor comprises: a voltage amplifier capable of amplifying the voltage between at least the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the cardiac activity signal is based at least on the voltage between the first and second electrodes. A device for monitoring cardiac activity, comprising: a cardiac activity sensor configured to receive the electrical signals of the user's heart, calculate cardiac activity data, wirelessly transmit cardiac activity data to the receiving device, receiving device configured to wirelessly receive cardiac activity data, wherein: the cardiac activity sensor is configured to connect between at least two wires of the electrodes, wherein the cardiac activity sensor is connected to at least the first electrode and the second electrode, the first electrode being integrated with the pendant or the necklace, so that the first one In the first position, substantially in the chest area of the user, the electrode is in contact with the skin of the user, the second electrode having the possibility of contact with the skin of the user in the second position on the neck and around the neck of the user or running in the upper chest area of the user. Device after Claim 30 wherein the tag includes the first electrode integrated with the outer case of the tag, wherein the first electrode makes direct contact with the skin on the user's chest. Device after Claim 30 wherein the first electrode is adapted to contact the skin of the user under the clothing, such as a shirt, adjoining clothing or a bra of a user. Device after Claim 30 , additionally comprising: a wire of the electrode adapted to be connected to the cardiac activity sensor, wherein the wire of the electrode comprises the second electrode. Device after Claim 30 wherein the second electrode is implemented as a wire of the electrode, such that when the user controls the device, the second electrode contacts the skin of one or more of: the user's neck, the user's upper chest, the user's shoulder and the user's back. Device after Claim 33 wherein the wire of the electrode comprises an electrical insulation covering that allows the user to isolate certain portions of the second electrode of the wire of the electrode from electrical contact with the skin of the user. Device after Claim 30 wherein the cardiac activity sensor comprises: a voltage amplifier capable of amplifying the voltage between at least the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the cardiac activity signal is based at least on the voltage between the first and second electrodes.

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