DE202015009570U1 - Apparatus for drying particulate bulk material - Google Patents

Abstract

Apparatus (10) for drying particulate bulk material, the apparatus (10) comprising: a container (12) capable of maintaining superheated steam at a pressure at least as high as the ambient pressure around the container (12), wherein the container (12) defines a lower cylindrical portion (14) defining a first cross sectional area perpendicular to the length of the lower cylindrical portion (14) and defining an upper cylindrical portion (18) defining a second cross-sectional area perpendicular to the length of the upper cylindrical portion (18), an inner cylindrical portion (24) centered within the upper cylindrical portion (18) and the lower cylindrical portion (14) of the container (12) is arranged to provide a first fluid path from the upper cylindrical portion (18) to the lower cylindrical portion (14) within the inner cylindrical portion (24) and a second fluid path thereof lower cylindrical part (14) to form the upper cylindrical part (18) outside the inner cylindrical part (24), a first number of partitions (36) located radially inside the lower cylindrical part (14) between the lower cylindrical part (14) and the inner cylindrical part (24) and define in the lower cylindrical part (14) an inlet chamber (38 '), an outlet chamber (38 ") and a second number of intermediate chambers (38) extending between the inlet chamber (38 ') and the outlet chamber (38 ") are in a circumferential direction, the inlet chamber (38') having an inlet (26) for receiving a wet particulate bulk material, the outlet chamber (38") having an outlet (28) for ejection a dry particulate bulk material, wherein the inlet chamber (38 ') and the intermediate chambers (38) each define a vapor permeable bottom (34), the outlet chamber (38 ") having a non-vapor permeable bottom (34) define a heat exchanger located within the inner cylindrical portion (24) for heating the superheated steam; an impeller (32) for generating a superheated steam flow along the first fluid path from the upper cylindrical portion (18 through the heat exchanger inside the inner cylindrical part (24) via the vapor permeable bottom (34) to the lower cylindrical part (14), and along the second fluid path from the lower cylindrical part (14) to the upper cylindrical part (18) outside of the inner cylindrical member (24), characterized in that the vapor permeable bottom (34) of the inlet chamber (38 ') is adapted to receive between 20% and 50% of the superheated steam flow from the impeller (32), the inlet chamber (32). 38 ') and the intermediate chambers (38) each defining a flow area which is parallel to the first cross-sectional area, wherein the flow area of the Einl is larger than the flow area of each of the intermediate chambers (38), the partitions (36) defining a first partition and a second partition both defining the inlet chamber (38 ') in the circumferential direction, the first partition and the second partition between them define an angle of between 50 ° and 180 °, preferably between 70 ° and 160 °, more preferably between 90 ° and 140 °, such as 120 °, and the container (12) has a conical intermediate part (16 ) connecting the lower cylindrical part (14) and the upper cylindrical part (18) with each other so that the second cross sectional area is larger than the first cross sectional area.

Description

The invention relates to a device for drying particulate bulk material, wherein the particulate bulk material are in particular sugar beet pulp.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The drying of wet particulate bulk material by contacting the particulate material with superheated steam under non-oxidizing conditions for the purpose of evaporating liquid contained in the material has been known since the early 1980's. Some prior art documents include: AT 345769 B . EP 0 268 819 . EP 0 955 511 A2 . EP 1 044 044 A1 . EP 1 070 223 A1 . EP 1 956 326 B1 . EP 2 457 649 A1 . U.S. 4,602,438 . US 4,813,155 . US 5,357,686 . US 6 154 979 A . US Pat. No. 6,266,895 . US Pat. No. 6,438,863 B1 . US Pat. No. 6,966,466 B2 . US Pat. No. 7,578,073 B2 . WO 2010/139331 A2 ,

document US 2010 126 034 A1 discloses in combination all features of the preamble of claim 1. Document EP 0 819 904 A1 discloses a fluidized bed steam dryer comprising eight identical homogeneous vapor distribution drying chambers. document US 5199184 discloses a fluidized bed dryer comprising eight drying chambers wherein the supply of drying gas to the inlet chamber is higher than to the other chambers.

An early disclosure of the above-discussed steam drying technology is EP 0 058 651 A1 , which discloses a process for producing cattle feed from various agricultural products, such as beet pulp, molasses, citrus pulp and peel, and various fermentation products.

Another revelation is EP 0 153 704 A2 , which teaches a process for removing liquid from a particulate solid material, wherein the material is passed through a series of interconnected cells and superheated steam is introduced into the cells at their lower ends so as to create a swirling motion while the dried particle is out out of the cells and into a common transfer zone and into a discharge cell without supply of steam.

The prior art document WO 92/01200 A1 discloses an apparatus for drying a moist particulate material having a nonuniform particle size with superheated steam. The apparatus comprises a cylindrical container comprising a number of parallel, substantially vertical drying chambers arranged in a ring shape. The preferred embodiment includes 15 drying chambers connected in series and a discharge chamber located between the first and last drying chambers.

At the first drying chamber after the inlet, the particulate material has a high liquid content, while the particulate material at the last drying chamber has a low liquid content. The drying chambers are adapted to cause a swirling motion of the superheated steam stream to cause contact between the steam and the steam to improve particulate material and to cause the particulate material to have a short and uniform period within each of the drying chambers. However, the drying chambers are all substantially uniform in size and shape, and receive about the same amount of superheated steam, although the particulate material appears to behave differently when wet and when dry. In particular, the wet particles are generally heavier than the dry particles and thus cause greater flow resistance.

Applicant has discovered that the wet particulate material generally accumulates in the first drying chamber, particularly the large and heavy particles. Particulate material that remains in the first drying chamber for an extended period of time may possibly clog the first drying chamber and reduce the intensity of swirling motion of the superheated steam stream. Previous technologies have suggested the incorporation of means for increasing the residence time of the particulate material in some of the drying chambers as well as means for shortening the residence time of the particulate material in some of the other drying chambers. However, such means may increase flow resistance and risk weakening the swirling motion of the superheated steam stream necessary to achieve effective drying of the particulate material. The swirling motion allows the particulate material to spread more evenly within the chamber, allowing more effective drying than particulate material which clumps and forms large chunks of material.

It is thus an object of the present invention to provide technologies for preventing the accumulation of material within the first drying chamber.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The above object and other objects which will become apparent from the following detailed description are achieved according to a first aspect of the present invention by a device for drying particulate bulk material according to claim 1.

The container is typically made of metal which can withstand superheated steam temperatures in excess of 100 ° C and pressures above atmospheric pressure. Typical pressures range from atmospheric pressures to pressures of up to 3 bar rel. The container comprises a lower cylindrical part and an upper cylindrical part which form part of the outer enclosure of the container. The container further comprises a top part and a bottom part to form a substantially closed container.

The first flow path inside the inner cylindrical part and the second flow path between the outer periphery of the container and the inner cylindrical part define the recirculation of the superheated steam. The stream of superheated steam is generated by the impeller disposed in the lower cylindrical part below the vapor permeable bottom and / or between the inner cylindrical part and the vapor permeable bottom of the lower cylindrical part to create a high pressure below the vapor permeable bottom which in turn forms a fluidized bed and the recirculating stream of superheated steam. The inner cylindrical part contains the heat exchanger, which keeps the recirculating steam in a superheated state to avoid condensation inside the container.

Drying is accomplished by superheated steam contacting the moist particulate material and transferring some of its heat to the wet particles. The liquid content of the wet particulate material evaporates and the vaporized moisture becomes part of the superheated steam. The heat energy needed for evaporation and thereby removed from the superheated steam is recycled in the heat exchanger to avoid condensing the superheated steam into liquid within the vessel. Excess steam can be released through a pressure relief valve on the top of the tank. The container also includes means for inducing a circumferential flow component to cause the particulate material to move slowly in a circumferential direction from the inlet to the outlet.

The dividing walls delimit the lower cylindrical part in several chambers. The first chamber is the inlet chamber connected to a hermetically sealed screw conveyor or the like for introducing the wet particulate material into the inlet chamber. The discharge chamber also includes a hermetically sealed screw conveyor or the like to eject the dry particulate material. The intermediate chambers are arranged between the inlet chamber and the outlet chamber. The partitions contain openings to allow particulate matter to be transported from the inlet chamber to the outlet chamber via the intermediate chambers. The inlet chamber and the intermediate chambers receive superheated steam from a vapor permeable bottom and thus form drying chambers.

Within the drying chambers, a fluidized bed and an eddy current is created which holds most of the particulate matter in the lower cylindrical part and enhances contact between the superheated steam and the particulate material. The outlet chamber does not have a vapor permeable bottom for the particulate material to settle before it is ejected. The number of chambers determines the residence time of the particulate material within the container and the mixing behavior of the particulate material within each of the chambers. A small number of chambers shortens the residence time of the particulate material, while the particulate material can distribute more uniformly within the chamber, and vice versa.

The particulate material present in the first drying chamber, i. H. The inlet chamber, arriving, is moist and contains a large amount of liquid and therefore tends to be heavier and clog the chamber. These particles generate a large flow resistance, and the flow rate of the superheated steam is reduced due to the increased flow resistance. This results in less buoyancy in the fluidized bed, less swirling of the flow and less dispersion of the particulate material, resulting in the accumulation of moist particulate matter in some parts of the inlet chamber. The particulate matter arriving in the last drying chamber in front of the discharge chamber from which the new dried particulate matter is ejected is substantially dry and light and well distributed within the chamber, as nothing prevents the formation of an effective superheated steam eddy current. This can lead to increased buoyancy in the fluidized bed and a large amount of particulate material flowing into the upper cylindrical part of the container.

Thus, to ensure the formation of a stable eddy flow of superheated steam within the inlet chamber, the heavy and liquid particulate matter contained in the first chamber should receive a greater portion of the superheated vapor received from the inner cylindrical portion via the impeller. By having the inlet chamber receive between 20% and 50% of the superheated steam, a sufficient flow of superheated steam can be produced which provides sufficient buoyancy capable of overcoming the flow resistance of the wet particulate material. Thus, a uniform distribution of the particulate material in all the drying chambers can be achieved.

According to a first embodiment of the first aspect, the inlet chamber is adapted to receive between 22% and 45% of the superheated steam received from the inner cylindrical part, preferably between 25% and 40% of the superheated steam coming from the inner cylinder cylindrical portion, more preferably between 30% and 35% of the superheated steam received from the inner cylindrical portion, such as 33% of the superheated steam received from the inner cylindrical portion. Alternatively, the inlet chamber is configured to receive between 20% and 22% of the superheated steam received from the inner cylindrical portion and / or between 22% and 25% of the superheated steam received from the inner cylindrical portion and / or between 25% and 30% of the superheated steam received from the inner cylindrical portion and / or between 30% and 35% of the superheated steam received from the inner cylindrical portion, and / or or between 35% and 40% of the superheated steam received from the inner cylindrical portion and / or between 40% and 45% of the superheated steam received from the inner cylindrical portion and / or between 45% and 50% of the superheated steam received from the inner cylindrical part.

Intensive research conducted by the Applicant has revealed that in many wet particulate material drying applications, such as beet pulp drying, optimum drying capability is achieved through the use of the above percentages.

One way of realizing the above according to the invention is to design the inlet chamber larger than each of the intermediate chambers. In this way, a larger part of the superheated steam enters the inlet chamber. The cross-sectional area of the inlet chamber can thus form at least 20% of the cross-sectional area of all the chambers, preferably one of the abovementioned percentages.

By making the inlet chamber occupy a larger circular sector of the annular space between the lower cylindrical part and the inner cylindrical part, the inlet chamber receives a larger part of the superheated steam from the impeller, as long as the superheated steam is evenly distributed over the annular space.

According to another embodiment of the first aspect, the vapor permeable bottom of the inlet chamber defines a vapor permeability of between 20% and 45% of the vapor permeability of the total vapor permeability of all vapor permeable soils, preferably between 25% and 40%, more preferably between 30% and 35%, such as for example 33%.

In an alternative embodiment according to the invention, the inlet chamber is not enlarged, but all the chambers may be the same size, and the permeability of the vapor permeable bottom may be higher for the inlet chamber than that of the intermediate chambers. In this way, a larger portion of the superheated steam enters the inlet chamber.

According to another embodiment of the first aspect, the vapor permeable bottoms of the inlet chamber and the intermediate chambers define perforations.

The perforations are located between the impeller and the fluidized bed. The size of each individual perforation should be chosen so that no particulate material can slip into the impeller.

According to another embodiment of the first aspect, the perforations of the vapor permeable bottoms of the inlet chamber define an area in the range of 20% to 45% of the total area of all perforations of all the vapor permeable floors, preferably between 25% and 40%, more preferably between 30% and 35%. like 33%.

Intensive research conducted by the Applicant has revealed that in many wet particulate material drying applications, such as beet pulp drying, optimum drying capability is achieved through the use of the above percentages.

In order to prevent the accumulation of particulate matter in the upper cylindrical part of the container, the lower cylindrical part and the upper cylindrical part may be connected to each other by the conical part in which the flow velocity decreases due to the increasing flow area, as by the Bernoulli Principle is described. In this way, the buoyancy in the upper cylindrical part decreases, and most of the particulate material in the conical part does not reach the upper cylindrical part, and all the particulate material entering the upper cylindrical part falls back into the lower cylindrical part ,

According to another embodiment of the first aspect, all of the steam originates from the wet particulate bulk material.

Preferably, superheated steam does not have to be separately fed into the vessel since the superheated vapor can be generated from the liquid that evaporates from the wet particulate material. The excess superheated steam may, as described above, be vented through a pressure relief valve or overpressure outlet, preferably into a heat exchanger, to reuse some of the heat energy of the steam.

According to a further embodiment of the first aspect, the second number of the intermediate chamber is between 6 and 40, preferably 10 to 25, particularly preferably 12 to 20, such as 14, for example.

The number of intermediate chambers may thus vary between each of the above numbers. The total number of chambers adds the inlet chamber and the outlet chamber to the above number. The above-described prior art partially suggests a total of 16 chambers, which may be considered normal.

According to another embodiment of the first aspect, the upper cylindrical part comprises a cyclone for transporting particulate material from the upper cylindrical part to the lower cylindrical part.

list of figures

• 1 illustrates a side sectional view of an apparatus for drying particulate bulk material, in particular for drying beet pulp.
• 2 illustrates a perspective view of the lower cylindrical portion of the device.
• 3 shows a sectional plan view of the lower cylindrical part of the device.
• 4 Figure 11 illustrates a perspective view of a lower cylindrical part of an embodiment of a device not belonging to the invention.
• 5 shows a sectional plan view of the lower cylindrical portion of the embodiment of a device which does not belong to the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

1 shows a side sectional view of a device 10 for drying particulate bulk material, in particular for drying beet pulp. The device 10 includes a container 12 , which is a lower cylindrical part 14 , a conical intermediate part 16 and an upper cylindrical part 18 includes. The container 12 is hermetically sealed by a top part 20 and a floor 22 , The container 12 further comprises an inner cylindrical part 24 located inside the container between the upper cylindrical part 18 and the lower cylindrical part 14 extends. The inner cylindrical part 24 contains a heat exchanger (not visible) and defines a first fluid path from the upper cylindrical part 18 to the lower cylindrical part 14 inside the inner cylindrical part 24 and a second fluid path from the lower cylindrical part 14 to the upper cylindrical part 18 outside the inner cylindrical part, as shown by the arrows.

The container 12 further includes an inlet 26 which forms a screw conveyor to wet particulate material in the lower cylindrical part 14 of the container 12 to initiate, as shown by the arrow, and an outlet 28 which forms a screw conveyor to dry particulate material from the lower cylindrical part 14 of the container 12 to eject, as shown by the arrow. The inlet 26 is over the outlet 28 arranged and relative to the outlet 28 shifted circumferentially. An engine 30 is under the container 12 arranged to a fan wheel 32 to drive, located in the lower cylindrical part 14 under the inner cylindrical part 24 located. The fan wheel 32 generates a stream of superheated steam along the above fluid path. A vapor permeable floor 34 is over the blower wheel 32 arranged.

A number of partitions 36 extend radially between the lower cylindrical part 14 and the inner cylindrical part 24 and divide the space between the lower cylindrical part 14 and the inner cylindrical part 24 into a number of chambers 38 , The chamber, located at the inlet 26 is referred to as inlet chamber 38 ', and the chamber located at the outlet 28 Generally, the inlet chamber 38 'and the outlet chamber 38 "are juxtaposed, but the particulate matter should not be able to pass directly from the inlet chamber 38' to the outlet chamber 38" without the intermediate chambers 38 to happen. The wet particulate material is received in the inlet chamber 38 'on a fluidized bed which is conveyed by the flow of superheated steam over the vapor permeable bottom 34 is formed. The partitions 36 contain swirl vanes 40 for causing a circumferential vortex to transport the particulate matter from the inlet chamber 38 'to the outlet chamber 38 "via the intermediate chambers 38 as shown by the arrows. The outlet chamber 38 "has an impermeable bottom so that the dried particulate material is above the outlet 28 can be discharged, as shown by the arrow.

The upper cylindrical part 18 of the container 12 includes vanes 42 for generating a cyclone field in the upper cylindrical part 18 , The vanes 42 generate a swirling motion of the stream of superheated steam corresponding to the above-mentioned circumferential vortex and urge all particles coming from the lower cylindrical part 14 through the conical intermediate part 16 in the upper cylindrical part 18 were lifted, outward. The outwardly crowded particles become in a cyclone 44 caught and to the lower cylindrical part 14 sent back as shown by the arrows. The superheated steam gets into the inner cylindrical part 24 introduced and reheated by the heat exchanger before going to the impeller 32 is sent back. A small portion of the superheated steam escapes from the container 12 via a centrally located steam outlet 46 , The one from the container 12 exiting superheated steam is then cooled via a heat exchanger.

The drying of the wet particulate material is carried out on the fluidized bed above the vapor permeable bottom of the inlet chamber 38 'and the intermediate chamber 38 accomplished. Every chamber 38 may further include blades or similar means for inducing eddy current in the radial direction of the chamber 38 to generate. The eddy current improves the distribution of the particulate material within the chambers 38 and thereby enhances contact between the superheated steam and the particulate material, thereby accelerating the vaporization of fluid from the particulate material and improving drying.

2 shows a perspective view of the lower cylindrical part 14 the device 10 , The inlet chamber 38 'is larger than the intermediate chambers 38 so that a greater part of the superheated steam can enter the inlet chamber 38 'than the intermediate chambers 38 , In this way, the heavy liquid containing particulate matter and entering the inlet chamber 38 'can be distributed over a larger area, which reduces the flow resistance and, on the one hand, prevents the clogging and improves the drying.

3 shows a sectional plan view of the lower cylindrical part 14 the device 10 , The radial partitions 36 define the circular sector shape of the chambers 38 , The particulate material can move clockwise from the inlet chamber 38 'across all the chambers to the outlet chamber 38 ", passing it over the dividing wall 36 or through openings 48 flows, the optional in the partition 36 can be present. The vapor permeable floor 34 is with perforations 50 shown, so that superheated steam can flow into the drying chambers.

4 is a perspective view of a lower cylindrical part 14 a not belonging to the invention embodiment of the device 10 'designated. Instead of increasing the inlet chamber 38 ', the inlet chamber may be made as large as the intermediate chambers 38 and a vapor-permeable bottom 34 ', whereby compared to the intermediate chambers 38 a greater part of the superheated steam may pass from the impeller (not shown).

5 shows a sectional plan view of the lower cylindrical part 14 a not belonging to the invention embodiment of the device 10 'designated. For example, the perforations 50 larger than shown in the picture. Alternatively, additional perforations may be present. The additional superheated steam allows the inlet chamber 38 'to generate additional buoyancy, thereby overcoming the flow resistance through the heavy liquid containing the particulate material. The intermediate chambers 38 have fewer or smaller perforations 50 because the particulate material is lighter and therefore less prone to clumping.

As indicated in the general part of the description, ideally between 20% and 40% of the steam from the impeller and the heat exchanger is directed to the inlet chamber 38 ' to achieve an optimal distribution of the particulate material.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10

Apparatus for drying particulate bulk material

12

container

14

Lower cylindrical part

16

Conical intermediate part

18

Upper cylindrical part

20

Upper part

22

ground

24

Inner cylindrical part

26

inlet

28

outlet

30

engine

32

blower

34

Steam permeable floor

36

partitions

38

chambers

40

swirl vanes

42

vanes

44

cyclone

46

steam outlet

48

opening

50

perforations

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• AT 345769 B [0002]
• EP 0268819 [0002]
• EP 0955511 A2 [0002]
• EP 1044044 A1 [0002]
• EP 1070223 A1 [0002]
• EP 1956326 B1 [0002]
• EP 2457649 A1 [0002]
• US 4602438 [0002]
• US 4813155 [0002]
• US 5357686 A [0002]
• US 6154979 A [0002]
• US 6266895 [0002]
• US 6438863 B1 [0002]
• US 6966466 B2 [0002]
• US 7578073 B2 [0002]
• WO 2010/139331 A2 [0002]
• US 2010126034 A1 [0003]
• EP 0819904 A1 [0003]
• US 5199184 [0003]
• EP 0058651 A1 [0004]
• EP 0153704 A2 [0005]
• WO 9201200 A1 [0006]

Claims (9)

Apparatus (10) for drying particulate bulk material, the apparatus (10) comprising: a container (12) capable of maintaining superheated steam at a pressure at least as high as the ambient pressure around the container (12), wherein the container (12) defines a lower cylindrical portion (14) defining a first cross sectional area perpendicular to the length of the lower cylindrical portion (14) and defining an upper cylindrical portion (18) defining a second cross-sectional area perpendicular to the length of the upper cylindrical portion (18), an inner cylindrical portion (24) centered within the upper cylindrical portion (18) and the lower cylindrical portion (14) of the container (12) is arranged to a first fluid path from the upper cylindrical part (18) to the lower cylindrical part (14) within the inner cylindrical part (24) and a second fluid path of de m lower cylindrical part (14) to form the upper cylindrical part (18) outside the inner cylindrical part (24), a first number of partitions (36) located radially inside the lower cylindrical part (14) between the lower cylindrical part Part (14) and the inner cylindrical part (24) and in the lower cylindrical part (14) define an inlet chamber (38 '), an outlet chamber (38 ") and a second number of intermediate chambers (38) extending between the Inlet chamber (38 ') and the outlet chamber (38 ") are in a circumferential direction, the inlet chamber (38') having an inlet (26) for receiving a wet particulate bulk material, the outlet chamber (38") having an outlet (28) for Ejecting a dry particulate bulk material, wherein the inlet chamber (38 ') and the intermediate chambers (38) each define a vapor permeable bottom (34), the outlet chamber (38 ") having a non-vapor permeable one Bottom (34) define a heat exchanger located within the inner cylindrical portion (24) for heating the superheated steam, an impeller (32) for generating a superheated steam flow along the first fluid path from the upper cylindrical portion (18 through the heat exchanger inside the inner cylindrical part (24) via the vapor permeable bottom (34) to the lower cylindrical part (14), and along the second fluid path from the lower cylindrical part (14) to the upper cylindrical part (18) outside of the inner cylindrical member (24), characterized in that the vapor permeable bottom (34) of the inlet chamber (38 ') is adapted to receive between 20% and 50% of the superheated steam flow from the impeller (32), the inlet chamber (38 ') and the intermediate chambers (38) each defining a flow area which is parallel to the first cross-sectional area, wherein the flow area the inlet chamber (38 ') is larger than the flow area of each of the intermediate chambers (38), the partitions (36) defining a first partition wall and a second partition wall both defining the inlet chamber (38') in the circumferential direction, the first partition wall and the second partition between them define an angle of between 50 ° and 180 °, preferably between 70 ° and 160 °, more preferably between 90 ° and 140 °, such as 120 °, and the container (12) has a conical intermediate part ( 16) interconnecting the lower cylindrical portion (14) and the upper cylindrical portion (18) such that the second cross-sectional area is greater than the first cross-sectional area. Device (10) according to Claim 1 wherein the inlet chamber (38 ') is adapted to receive between 22% and 45% of the superheated steam received from the inner cylindrical member (24), preferably between 25% and 40% of the superheated steam produced by incoming from the inner cylindrical part (24), more preferably between 30% and 35% of the superheated steam received from the inner cylindrical part (24), such as 33% of the superheated steam coming from the inner cylindrical part Part (24) is received. Device (10) according to Claim 1 wherein the inlet chamber (38 ') is adapted to receive between 20% and 22% of the superheated steam received from the inner cylindrical member (24) and / or between 22% and 25% of the superheated steam received, received from the inner cylindrical part (24) and / or to receive between 25% and 30% of the superheated steam received from the inner cylindrical part (24) and / or between 30% and Receive 35% of the superheated steam received from the inner cylindrical member (24) and / or receive between 35% and 40% of the superheated steam received from the inner cylindrical member (24), and or to receive between 40% and 45% of the superheated steam received from the inner cylindrical part (24) and / or between 45% and 50% of the superheated steam received from the inner cylindrical part (24 ) come d is received. Apparatus (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the vapor permeable bottom (34) of the inlet chamber (38 ') defines a vapor permeability between 20% and 45% of the vapor permeability of the total vapor permeability of all vapor permeable soils (34), preferably between 25% and 40%. , more preferably between 30% and 35%, such as 33%. Apparatus (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the vapor permeable bottoms (34) of the inlet chamber (38 ') and the intermediate chambers (38) define perforations. Device (10) according to Claim 5 wherein the perforations (50) of the vapor permeable bottoms (34) of the inlet chamber (38 ') define an area of 20% to 45% of the total area of all perforations (50) of all the vapor permeable bottoms (34), preferably between 25% and 40%; more preferably between 30% and 35%, such as 33%. Apparatus (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein all of the steam originates from the wet particulate bulk material. Device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the second number is between 6 and 40, preferably 10 to 25, particularly preferably 12 to 20, such as 14th Apparatus (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the upper cylindrical member (18) comprises a cyclone (44) for transporting particulate material from the upper cylindrical member (18) to the lower cylindrical member (14).

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