DE202015006575U1 - Laundry dryer - Google Patents

Abstract

Laundry dryers in which a heated circuit (2) with compressible, gaseous media and fresh air are provided for the treatment of textile dry goods, characterized in that inflow openings (9) for fresh air in pipeline means on the housing (1) of the dryer and outlet openings ( 8) are provided for exhaust air, and the inflow openings (9) for a change in state AE of the air, downstream, are provided with the dry material (6).

Description

The invention relates to a laundry dryer according to the preamble of claim 1.

State of the art

From commercially available dryers for textile material and laundry in the commercial and household, in which heated air is fed to a moving dry matter located in the dryer, it is known that in the circulation of air in the circulation of gaseous media, a higher loading of the air with steam is sought. Drying is a change of state in gaseous media and water vapor. The designation as circulating air dryer is misleading. Drying according to the status quo with circulating air has the disadvantage that the dry air is first mixed with the recirculating air and loaded with moisture and low partial pressures of water vapor in the air are not used for a change of state with the scrubbing to evaporate the water. Significant drawback is the deterioration of the physical conditions of the air before the dryer, upstream, by mixing and the deterioration of the partial pressure gradient in the drying air. Disadvantage is an increase in the temperatures in the dryer and as a result, higher heat losses through transmission.

From household tumble dryers, which are installed without exhaust air under the name condensation dryer and in which the air is returned by cooling to the dew point in the condensation to a dry state, it is known that the change in state of the air with the dry matter on the principle of adiabatic water absorption the heated air are planned. Where the condensation and cooling of the exhaust air is associated with the disadvantage that the condenser destroys the partial pressure gradient in the dryer and slows down the drying. Disadvantages are the deterioration of the vapor partial pressure in the laundry, a long drying time of up to 2 hours and high energy costs for heating the cooled air.

The invention relates to dryers for textile-containing material, fabrics and laundry using the gaseous media contained in the exhaust air, namely gases and vapors, as well as a fresh air and with the state change within the dryer, the heat and mass exchange, the evaporation the humidity, so that a better energy utilization is possible when drying in the home and in the industry.

• (1) die Verwendung der Kälteanlage zur Kühlung der Trocknerabluft,
• (2) die Energieableitung an die Umgebung in der Höhe von 45%,
• (3) der Einsatz von Kältemittel zur Energie-Ableitung,
• (4) die Reduzierung der Wärmepumpen COP um 45% auf also COP_Wärmepumpe = 0,55 COP der Kälteanlage.

From the publication DE 10 2005 062 939 a domestic appliance for the care of laundry by means of a heat pump is known in which the heat from a process air, in this case the dryer exhaust air, is discharged through the evaporator of the compression heat pump and a third heat exchanger for dissipating heat to the environment is provided. The advantage for an operator that the disadvantages of the household appliance for climate protection are described. Disadvantage is

• (1) the use of the refrigeration system for cooling the dryer exhaust air,
• (2) energy dissipation to the environment at 45% level,
• (3) the use of refrigerant for energy dissipation,
• (4) the reduction of heat pumps COP by 45% to so COP _{heat pump} = 0.55 COP of the refrigeration system.

Significant disadvantages are the dissipation of heat into the environment as well as the cooling of the drying air to the dew point. The disadvantage in climate protection is the use of industrial refrigeration and electrical energy to heat the environment. Another disadvantage: the deterioration of the vapor partial pressure in the laundry and the poor state change on the laundry.

A clothes dryer with heat pump is from the publication EP 2476 796 B1 become known, after which a cooling device is designed to dissipate the excess heat within the condenser, wherein the heat is preferably derived from water and advantageous for the consumer the disadvantages of the tumble dryer are described. An essential disadvantage is that the drying air heated partially in the condenser is cooled by the water heated in the cooling device; Another disadvantage, it is electrical energy that is not available in the refrigeration system, consumed, and in the removal of excesses, the drying air in the condenser is cooled by water.

The dryer according to the document EP 2476 796 B1 is further associated with the disadvantage that the laundry is not cooled in the dryer and that the drying is interrupted, the electric drives run backwards, so that the vapor content in the process gas is reduced by the refrigeration system and the energy stored in the laundry is reduced. The disadvantage is that the COP value is also reduced by the (temporal) utilization efficiency of the heat pump, according to the publication about 66%: residual COP _WP = 4 COP _cold × 0.55 × 0.66 = 1.452. Disadvantage is the efficiency weakness of the heat pump at a COP of 36.3% (0.55 × 0.66) of the refrigeration system.

Disadvantage is the efficiency weakness of the heat pump; major disadvantage of household dryer the poor state change in the moving laundry.

A method for drying laundry in a rotating driven drum with air is in front of the publication DE 10 2012 008 193 A1 become known, after which a heated air from a burner and humid air are mixed, are supplied as a mixture of laundry in a drum and from several drying parameters (after the Mollier diagram) a factor is formed to control the drying process and terminate. Disadvantage is the mixture of fresh air from the burner with moist circulating air before entering the drum and the unknown state of the mixture. Disadvantages are the change in state of the laundry, dimensionless factors and the use of the wrong terms for flue gases and flue gas mixtures. Not applicable is the term "air and recirculation".

The protection specified in claim 1 invention is based on the problem of making use of a heat supply in the form of the gaseous media and the stored energy in the heated dry good and to improve the state changes between the gaseous media and the dry material, so that the heat is better used , the evaporation of moisture is improved and energy in the laundry care in the household and trade in existing and new dryers is saved and used better.

This problem is solved with the features listed in the protection claim 1.

Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are described by the features listed in the claims 2-10.

Accordingly, laundry dryers in which a heated circuit with compressible, gaseous media and fresh air are provided for the treatment of textile dry material, characterized in that inlet openings are provided for fresh air to the housing of the dryer in the pipeline means and outlet openings for exhaust air, and the Inlet openings for a change in state AE of the air, downstream, are provided with the dry matter and in particular the state change is provided for cooling of dry material.

The essential advantage is that inflow openings are provided for a change in state AE of the air, downstream, with the dry material. Another advantage is the cooling of the dry material by the vapor absorption of the air. The advantage is the avoidance of overheating in the dryer.

Advantage is the use of the heat surplus for evaporation of water; Another advantage: the saving of energy.

• – Mit der Aufheizung von Trockengut durch gasförmige Medien und
• – einer Mischung der Medien.

An advantageous embodiment of the laundry drier is given by the inflow opening for air in that with the change in state AE for cooling dry material further changes in ventilation state exist:

• - With the heating of dry material by gaseous media and
• - a mix of media.

Advantage is the thermal engineering effect on the state of the dry material; Another advantage: the controllability of the air volume.

The advantage is that cold in the laundry dryer is adjustable and damage to the laundry can be avoided. Another advantage with household appliances is a reduction of the drying time.

An advantage is the creation of an unbalance for the state change by the partial pressure gradient ΔP from the heated dry matter to the partial pressure of steam in a fresh air containing 8-10 g H ₂ O / kg air. In fact, in the DALTON air at 10 g H ₂ O / kg _{L there is} a pressure P _H2O = 0.01 kg × 46 (R) × 293 K / 1 m ³ = 134.78 mmWS and at one dew point of 62 ° C, the boiling pressure of H ₂ O has a pressure of P _{62 ° C} = 2272 mmWS.

Accordingly, the invention is characterized in that the cooling can be provided by a change in state AE of the fresh air with the partial pressure gradient of 2137 mmWS to the dry material. Correspondingly, there is an improvement in the state change with respect to the pressure equilibrium of +/- 1 mmWS with recirculation mode by a factor of 2137.

An essential feature of the invention is that a heated cycle with compressible, gaseous media and fresh air are provided in a laundry dryer for the treatment of textile dry material. Advantage is the treatments with two media, the one loaded with moisture to heat the dry material and the other as fresh air with little moisture to cool the dry material. Another advantage that a high vapor pressure through the moist media in the circulation and the release of flash vapor is provided in the change in state AE.

Another feature is that inlet openings are provided for fresh air in the pipeline means and outlet openings for exhaust air. The advantage is that piping means for the fresh air, are provided separately from the circuit as a supply line. The main advantage: different gaseous volumes and the heat and mass transfer of dry matter with different gases and Gas mixtures of N ₂ , O ₂ , CO ₂ , H ₂ O, CO ... in vol .-%.

The advantage is that with fresh air cooling and intensive cooling in the evaporation of water from the laundry is proposed.

Another feature is provided with the outlet for exhaust air. The advantage is that excess volumes are discharged through the opening; Another advantage, the safety of the discharge of flue gases in the case of direct energy production with fossil fuels, eg. B. natural gas.

Another feature is given by the fact that the inlet openings are provided for fresh air. The advantage is the simplicity that the openings in the dryer and the dryer are cooled through the opening. The main advantage: the predictability and reproducibility of cooling.

• (1) die Verdampfung mit Kälte,
• (2) die Kühlung der Einbauten,
• (3) die Aufnahme von Wasser Δx g/kg_LUFT sowie
• (4) die Kühlung des Trockengut.

An advantageous clothes dryer is given by the fact that the state change is provided for the cooling of dry material. Advantage is the availability of the cooling medium air. Further advantages are:

• (1) evaporation with cold,
• (2) the cooling of the internals,
• (3) the intake of water Δx g / kg _AIR as well
• (4) the cooling of the dry matter.

Advantageous is the measuring system for cold as well as the mapping of the cooling and the heating above the (common) saturation line for humid air.

An advantageous laundry dryer is given by the fact that a cooling of components of the dryer is provided with air. The advantage is that the drum wall in the dryer is cooled by air and heat is transferred from the drum to the air. The advantage is the reduction of transmission losses. Another advantage, the protection of the laundry.

An advantageous embodiment of the laundry dryer is given by the fact that a heating of dry material with gaseous media of the circuit is provided as energy storage. Advantage is the function of the heating circuit namely the formation of an energy storage in the form of moist dry matter.

The main advantage: the heating of the moist dry material to the dew point in the gaseous media. The advantage is that the energy is stored in the dry material and in adhering moisture. A 33 kg and 15 kg H ₂ O charge at 62 ° C contains the following energy Q _w : Q _w = (33 x 0.2 + 15 x 1) x 62 ° C = 1339 kcal or 5600 kJ.

An advantageous embodiment of a laundry dryer is given by the fact that moist dry material is provided for the removal of steam. Advantage is that dry material is provided as a resource namely as a memory for the removal of steam. Advantage is the formation of flash-steam (relaxation steam) in the change of state AE with air.

The main advantage is that 75% of the energy is contained in the moisture and with vapor pressure of 2275 mmWS available for evaporation. Advantage is the operational readiness. It is sufficient that inflow openings are provided for fresh air, because the energy is stored in the dry material.

An advantageous embodiment of a laundry dryer is given by the fact that in valves, attached to the openings, adjustable flaps are provided. Advantage is the development in such a way that by adjustable flaps, the cooling capacity is adjustable. An advantage is the space for mounting the pipes to the inlet openings; Another advantage: reproducibility (Repeatability).

An advantageous embodiment is given by the fact that with open flap position cooling with reduced water absorption .DELTA.x per kg of air is provided. The advantage is that a state change with a lower water absorption Δx per kg of air with simultaneous cooling is possible. The advantage is that over the flap control, namely an opening of the flaps, a stronger cooling is provided; Another advantage is the enhancement of the cooling effect in such a way that a reduction in volume and less heating in the circuit are provided proportional to the increase in fresh air, with constant fan power.

The main advantage: drying with cold and its regulation.

An advantageous embodiment of the invention is given by the fact that in a fan an energy conversion for heating the dry material and preservation proportional to the pressure increase (p ₂ - p ₁ ) according to the equation (T ₂ / T ₁ ) = (p ₂ / p ₁ ) ^{κ-1 / κ is} provided. Advantage is the use of heat from the compression work.

An advantageous embodiment of the invention is given by the fact that a heating stage is provided in the circuit for direct or indirect heating. Advantage is that the clothes dryer can be carried out with indirect heating with electricity, steam and direct heating and the advantages of the dryer can be achieved. Another advantage that the heating is provided with blower burner for household dryer.

An advantageous development of the invention is given by the fact that a cooling circuit is provided for the treatment of the exhaust air. The advantage is that exhaust air is provided separately from the heating circuit for cooling; important is "the achievement of the differences of the vapor partial pressure in the outlet opening and the inlet opening for cooled exhaust air".

Another advantage is that the drying is operated without exhaust air. The main advantage: the substitution of the industrial refrigeration system.

Further advantages of the invention are illustrated in connection with an embodiment.

Embodiments of the invention will be described with reference to FIGS 1 and 2 explained. Show it:

1 the state changes in the washer-dryer,

2 a laundry dryer.

In 1 are for a dry material in a laundry dryer, a heated circuit for gaseous media and a cooling of the dry material in the task of fresh air with the state changes above the dry material in an i, x diagram for moist air Mollier shown that over a horizontal The water content xg / kg _air , a vertical with the temperatures (° C), starting at 0 ° C and straight lines of a heat content i (kcal / kg _air ) - valid for the range of evaporation - from vertices, a state A of the fresh air with the water content x _A (in state A), a state B of the exhaust air (exhaust air) with the water content x _{B of} the gaseous media, a state C of the heated gaseous media with the water content x _B , a state D of the heated gaseous media after the state change is constructed with the wet dry material and a mixing line ED from the state D to a state E on the saturation line S of the diagram in the manner t that the mixing line through the state B on the vertical x _B and is divided into the distance DB and EB according to the ratio of the amounts of air for fresh air DB to the amount of gaseous media EB, that the fresh air in the state change with the dry material first reaches the state E on the saturation line S and after the mixture in the circuit with the state B as exhaust air with the water content x _{B is} derived. Wherein the cooling of dry matter as the state change of the fresh air along the distance AE with a water absorption Δx = (x _E - x _A ); is provided.

The advantage is that at the point of intersection of the enthalpy i _B through the operating point B with the saturation line the operating point of the dryer setting is defined. It is important that this intersection can be measured on-line by sampling and adiabatic saturation in the QI (Qualitity Indication) measuring point.

Advantage is the repeatability and a scale-up of drying, the saturation line of the height above zero and the weather-related total pressure is dependent.

• – eine Beheizung von Wäsche durch die Zustandsänderung CD mit gasförmigen Medien,
• – eine Kühlung von Wäsche durch die Zustandsänderung AE mit der über eine Einströmöffnung zugeführten Frischluft,
• – eine Zustandsänderung ED entlang der Mischgeraden auf dem Weg zu der Austrittsöffnung für Fortluft vorgesehen sind.

Further, an advantageous method for drying a moving in a rotating drum dry matter in 1 pictured, where

• A heating of laundry by the state change CD with gaseous media,
• A cooling of laundry by the state change AE with the fresh air supplied via an inflow opening,
• - Provided a state change ED along the mixing line on the way to the outlet opening for exhaust air.

The advantage is that the process is ensured by the inflow opening for fresh air and the change in state AE and A'E; Another advantage is that the process is reproducible above the saturation line of air to Mollier in 1 is shown and the state changes AE, CD, ED are provided in the dryer.

Next are in 1 valid for a dry item (batch dryer) the heat content i (kcal / kg) of the air as a constant enthalpy in parallel straight lines, respectively at the beginning and at the end of a state change, with the saturation point on the saturation line S of the air. Accordingly, by the heating .DELTA.i and moisture absorption of the fresh air along the line AE heat dissipation and cooling of the dry material is provided in proportion to the amount of fresh air and the enthalpy uptake Δi.

• (1) ohne Frischluft zu Beginn der Trocknung und der Verschiebung des Dreieckes BCD nach Links zu der Senkrechten mit dem Wassergehalt x_A, durch welches die Zustandsänderung C'D' in den gasförmigen Medien ohne Frischluft beschrieben ist,
• (2) am Ende der Verdampfung mit deutlich weniger Wassergehalt x_B, wobei bei einer Halbierung des Wassergehaltes also x_B-50, die Taupunkt-Temperatur um ca. 16°C zurückgeht und der Wärmeüberschuss in dem Trockengut über die Frischluft abgeführt wird,
• (3) die Aufgabe von gesättigter Luft im Zustand A' auf der Sättigungslinie S.

In addition to the representation of the state changes to reach the operating point B in the exhaust air further illustrations of the operating points in the course of a post-drying are possible:

• (1) without fresh air at the beginning of drying and displacement of the triangle BCD to the left to the vertical with the water content x _A , which describes the state change C'D 'in the gaseous media without fresh air,
• (2) at the end of the evaporation with significantly less water content x _B , with halving of the water content thus x _B -50, the dew point temperature goes back by about 16 ° C and the excess heat in the dry material is discharged through the fresh air,
• (3) the task of saturated air in state A 'on the saturation line S.

It is important that the supply of fresh air or air-like coolant is provided via an inlet opening, so that the advantages of the laundry dryer can be achieved.

In the measuring point QI as Quality Indication are measuring systems for the determination of temperatures, the saturation point, the water content, the enthalpy (i) of the exhaust air for use after the successful mixture ED. The advantage is that a measured value is provided for regulating the fresh air and for analyzing the operating point B above the saturation line.

Another advantage is that the cooling capacity is volume-dependent adjustable. The advantage is the reproducibility and the documentation of the heat treatment as a change of state in the i, x-diagram according to Mollier. Further information: Prof. Dr. med. Mollier 1906 / Dresden. Another advantage: the diagnosis of the mixing ratios on the mixing section EBD.

In 2 is a laundry dryer with a heated circuit for gaseous media as well as a cooling of the dry material in the task of fresh air with the state changes on the dry material shown schematically from the dryer housing 1 , a cycle 2 Starting with a fan 3 , a heating stage 4 , a drum 5 , for holding wet laundry 6 , connecting pipeline means 7 , from an exit opening 8th with a pipe for exhaust air, from an inlet opening 9 with piping means for the supply of fresh air and cold in a drum 5 with dry goods 6 in the way that exists with the supply of air through the drum 5 a state change AE of the air at the moving laundry 6 is provided with a cooling and moisture absorption of the air, so that heated over the heated circuit laundry 6 is cooled and the heat can escape through the formation of steam, in particular flash steam. To describe the state changes, the designations of the 1 with vertices A to E in 2 used. Further, a derivative and mixing of the fresh air with the gaseous media in the circuit 2 via filter media 10 provided in the way that the state change ED along the cycle of the drum 5 , via filter media 10 , the fan 3 to the outlet 8th is provided. The state change CD of the gaseous media with the laundry 6 takes place within the moving drum 6 , The advantage of the laundry dryer consists in the interaction of the movement of the dry material for performing different state change AE, CD with the dry material and the subsequent mixing ED in the circuit 2 to generate the exhaust air quality in state B. The advantage is that the volume surplus in the dryer 1 from the fresh air quantity and the water evaporation via the outlet opening 8th can escape.

Next is in 2 the task of fresh air with the direction of rotation of the drum shown so that the heated in the circuit materials, namely the drum wall 5 and the dry goods 6 be moved into the area of fresh air for cooling. Next is a pipeline 11 , upstream of the inflow opening 9 with an air-technical shut-off and control organ 12 in conjunction with a measuring point 13 (QI) for Quality Indication, in which the state B in the exhaust air is diagnosed with a measuring system, in the form of the physical data as temperature, as saturation temperature ° C, as heat content (i) kcal / kg _L with adiabatic saturation of the exhaust air, and a signal for changing the amount of fresh air is sent. In one embodiment, starting from a temperature value TI in the exhaust air with the rise a signal to a switch are performed, of which the Regelorgang 12 is opened and the performance is increased in the form of cold. In addition to the illustrated control of the laundry dryer, other unlisted measurement data can be used.

The heated circuit 2 with gaseous media consists of the connecting pipelines 7 , the heating level 4 and is with the rotating drum and the fan 3 provided in the manner that the gaseous media on the treated with fresh air wall of the drum 5 and the cooled dry material meet and an intensification of the heat transfer to the cooled materials 5 . 6 is provided. The advantage is that the rotating movement for increasing the heat supply to the laundry (dry material) and the drum wall is provided and a further 4th state change, namely the heating of the cooled drum wall is provided with the gaseous media.

The invention is in 2 represented in the context of indirect heating. Direct heating is by connecting a blower burner in the heating stage 4 possible. It is important that with direct heating via a blower burner, the inflow of fresh air as in 2 is set up, so that the benefits are given.

The advantages consist in the air inlet opening, in a moving drum and 4 state changes as well as the heat and mass transfer for dryers in households and in the trade.

In addition to the 4 state change of air, a further state change BA 'in an absorber with water is possible. It is envisaged that the exhaust air cools to the saturation line S by absorbing H ₂ O and after heat dissipation in the state A 'of the inflow opening 9 is forwarded. The advantage is 5 efficient state changes as well as the avoidance of industrial cold.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

A

Frischluft

A'

gekühlte Luft

B

gasförmige Medien/Fortluft

C

erhitzte gasförmige Meiden

D

gasförmige Medien nach Zustandsänderung CD

E

Frischluft nach Zustandsänderung AE

S

Sättigungslinie im i,x-Diagramm, nach Mollier

(i)_B

Enthalpie der Luft kcal/kg oder kJ/kg

x_A

Wassergehalt x pro kg Frischluft

Gas states in the i, x diagram according to Mollier

A

fresh air

A '

cooled air

B

gaseous media / exhaust air

C

heated gaseous gases

D

gaseous media after change of state CD

e

Fresh air after change of state AE

S

Saturation line in the i, x-diagram, after Mollier

(i) _B

Enthalpy of air kcal / kg or kJ / kg

x _A

Water content x per kg fresh air

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102005062939 [0005]
• EP 2476796 B1 [0007, 0008]
• DE 102012008193 A1 [0010]

Claims (10)

Laundry dryers in which for the treatment of textile dry goods a heated cycle ( 2 ) are provided with compressible, gaseous media and fresh air, characterized in that inflow ( 9 ) for fresh air in piping means on the housing ( 1 ) the dryer and outlet openings ( 8th ) are provided for exhaust air, and the inlet openings ( 9 ) for a change of state AE of the air, downstream, with the dry material ( 6 ) are provided. Laundry dryer according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the state change AE for the cooling of dry material ( 6 ) is provided. Laundry dryer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a cooling of components ( 5 ) the dryer is provided with air. Laundry dryer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a heating of dry material ( 6 ) with gaseous media of the circulation ( 2 ) is provided as energy storage. Laundry dryer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that moist dry material ( 6 ) is provided for the removal of steam. Laundry dryer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in pipelines ( 10 ), attached to the openings ( 8th . 9 ) adjustable flaps ( 12 ) are provided. Laundry dryer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized indicates that with open flap position cooling with reduced water absorption Δx per kg of air is provided. Laundry dryer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in a fan ( 3 ) an energy conversion for heating the dry material ( 6 ) proportional to the pressure increase (p ₂ -p ₁ ) according to the equation (T ₂ / T ₁ ) = (p ₂ / p ₁ ) ^{k-1 / k is} provided. Laundry dryer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a heating stage ( 4 ) in the circuit ( 2 ) is provided for direct or indirect heating. Laundry dryer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized indicates that a cooling circuit is provided for the treatment of the fresh air.

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