DE202014003764U1 - Floating device and floating system comprising a plurality of devices for generating electrical energy by water waves - Google Patents

Abstract

Device for generating electrical energy by means of water wave movement, comprising a first device unit (VE1) and a second device unit (VE2), the first device unit (VE1) containing a longitudinally extending, preferably tubular, hollow body (3), the end of which is to be immersed in water and at least one floating body (5) which is attached to the outer wall of the hollow body (3) so that the hollow body (3) can follow the up / down movement of a water wave; - The second device unit (VE2) is designed such that it can slide along the interior of the first pre-alignment unit (VE1), but somewhat spaced from the inner wall of the hollow body (3), so that an intermediate space can flow between them in the water; - At least one electric generator (EG) is coupled electromechanically or electromagnetically to a first area (BE1) of the first device unit (VE1) and to a second area (BE2) of the second device unit (VE2), which by the relative sliding movement of the second device unit (VE2 ) can generate electrical energy along the inner walls of the first device unit (VE1); characterized in that the second device unit (VE2) has a third voluminous region (7) with a lower density than the density of the water and with a closed voluminous region (6), which can be a water reservoir with inlet and outlet openings is, the average density of the closed voluminous area or water reservoir (6) almost corresponds to the density of the water and the total volume of the closed, voluminous area (6) is at least half as much as the total volume of the floating bodies (4) and that Internal cross section “QS” of the first device unit (VE1) along the region in which the closed, voluminous areas (6, 7) of the second device unit (VE2) slide is dimensioned such that the product of the cross-sectional area “QS”, calculated in square meters times 12 , or times 8 or 6, preferably times 4 or times 2 or even times 1, larger than the Gesa The volume of the floating bodies (4), calculated in cubic meters, is such that the average density of the second device unit (VE2) is such that, when the water is still, the voluminous areas (6, 7) of this device (VE2) prefer at least 0.3 m protrudes at least by 0.6 m and even more preferably by at least 0.9 m above the water line, so that by immersing a substantial part of this part of the second device unit (VE2) which projects above the water line in the resting state, via the coupling to the at least one Electrical generator (EG) an upward force acts against the first device unit (VE1) in such a way that under the action of water waves, the at least one electrical generator (EG) generates electrical energy both during the upward and downward movement of the first device unit (VE1 ).

Description

1. known

There are already many inventions that are based on energy production by water, in particular its movement. The already existing ideas about energy production by the movement of the sea water, draw their energy either from the vertical or the horizontal movement of the water masses according to the propagation of the waves at the surface, cf. DE-A-4338103 ; US-A-4,110,630 ; WO-A-02/103881 ; CN201099347Y ,

Furthermore, the Japanese patent application describes JP55160967 a floating device consisting of a first, easily movable part, connected to a floating body, which with the water waves relative movement to a second heavier part, which floats almost stationary in the water experiences. By this relative movement, an electric generator is operated, which converts the mechanical energy into electricity. Several variants have since been published, but none of these publications provide information on devices that would be capable of delivering several kW of power.

In 2009, Ocean Power Technologies introduced "Power Buoy" devices with a stationary part capable of producing several kW of electric power.

In our international patent application WO2011 / 120497 We have shown how the differences in hydrostatic fluctuations at the surface of the water, compared to the minimal pressure fluctuations in deeper sea areas, can be exploited, so that almost the complete wave energy can also be exploited by energy generating devices. The basic idea behind it was a very high inertial mass, which floats in the water and whose center of gravity experiences minimal hydrostatic pressure fluctuations, than to use the immovable part of a power-generating device. Two different ways of achieving this goal have been described.

In 2012 Ocean Power Technologies introduced a 45 kW device with a floating inertial part weighing several hundred tons (Link: http://www.oceanpowertechnologies.com/PDF/PB150 08292012 GFL.pdf published on 19.09.2012 ).

Recently, in a German patent application (file reference: 10 2014 003 228.0 ) a device in which, instead of a floating Inertialteils weighing several tons, a much lighter device unit is used, which floats within a tube and which generates the necessary counterforce to the buoyancy of the movable part by a hydrostatic effect, thus an electric generator Coupled to this device and to the moving part, can produce electrical energy. Thus, the ratio of the deliverable power to the weight of the overall device is increased.

2. Object of the invention

The object of the present invention is the utilization of hydrostatic effects for the development of complete systems, which contain one or more energy-generating devices, in which the power / weight ratio can be further increased.

First, a way will be described so that the device described in the German patent application (file reference: DE 10 2014 003 228.0 ) and their functional mode in the 1 not only during half a period of the water wave, but during the entire period of the wave, provides energy. As a result, you can further reduce the dimensions of the little movable inertial part.

In another system it is proposed to stabilize the inertial part, which should not be affected by the vertical movement of the water waves, by sophisticated means, within a narrow vertical bandwidth, in a deep area of the sea. It is further provided this quasi-stationary part in the form of significant lateral dimensions in such a way that at this a plurality of energy-generating units can be connected, each having a floating, movable part, the periodic vertical fluctuations are used to electric generators to drive and generate useful energy.

The above-mentioned inertial member to which a plurality of units can be mounted is stabilized in the water so that its mass fraction per unit power generating unit is substantially smaller than an inertial portion due to dynamic effects as a counterpart of a mobile member, as taught in the international patent application WO2011 / 120497 and the system of Ocean Power Technologies.

3. The new principle

The relevant principle, which in the recently filed parallel application with the file number 10 2014 003 228.0 can be described on the basis of 1 will be briefly explained. The following reference numerals are used to explain the underlying hydrostatic principle. The right side of the 1 shows diagrammatically the behavior of a device, according to the parallel application, in the trough, which almost corresponds to the behavior of the idle state. The left side of the 1 represents the behavior of the device on the wave mountain.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

VE1

first device unit (easily movable part provided with a float)

VE2

second device unit ("immobiler" part)

QS

Inner cross-section of the VE1

D

maximum movement distance of the VE1 under the wave effect

d

maximum movement distance of the VE2 under the wave effect

BE1, BE2

Areas of VE1 or VE2 at which an electric generator is coupled to the respective device units

EC

Diagrammatic representation of an electric or electromagnetic current generator

VR

General description of types VR1, VR2 or VR3 electrical power generating devices

LT

long-shaped carrier element

PT

platform-shaped carrier element

VG

Frameworks for fixing device units VR, in particular for support elements, which are intended to be sunk in a depth greater than 8 m.

TRM

optional towers on the support elements (LT, PT)

M1, M2

Modules for assembling extended, elongated or platform-shaped support elements

C1, C2

Coupling elements (eg spherical or bi-axial) for connecting the modules M1, M2

C3

Bi-axially steerable or articulated coupling element

ZS

Connection rope

PF

Buffers / shock absorbers

SF

lateral trusses (side wings), directed transversely to the long axis of a module M1, M2

MF

arranged in the middle traverse (center wing), directed transversely to the long axis of a module M1, M2

MTR

small towers for attachment of traction cables SL, which serve the mechanical support of a mid-wing MF

SL

Traction rope for scaffolding elements

S1, S2

Float for hanging the support element LT, PT

K1

Component of the device VR, which is connected to a carrier element

K2

mobile component of the device VR

VR1

Device that works unidirectionally in compression mode

VR2

Device that operates unidirectionally in train mode

VR3

Device that works bidirectionally, both in the formation of a wave crest and in the formation of a wave trough

LK1

on a support LT, PT fixed element along which, the mobile element LK2 can slide

LK2

elongated mobile sliding element of a device VR

WS

Float of component K2

WSa

optionally filled with water area of the floating body WS

SL1

Connecting cable between EC and WS for a device of type VR2

SL2

Connecting cable between EG and Ankoppellungskomponenten the electric generator EG in certain designs of the type VR1, VR2, VR3

WR

Water reservoir, acting as extended inertial mass of the support elements LT, PT

GW

optional weights with an average density that is significantly higher than the density of water (containing, for example, cement or metal blocks)

VG

Reinforcement scaffolding for LT, PT

AX

Rotation axis on which devices VR can be attached so that it is not affected by rocking movements of the support element LT, PT

AL

Cable suspension, which connects the floats S1, S2 with the support elements LT, PT

WF

Designation of a wavefront

1

Water level (or waterline) on the surface of a wave

2

Diagrammatic profile representations of the hydrostatic Pressure fluctuation in a deep area of the sea

3

elongated hollow body of VE1

4

Wall area of VE2

5

Floating body, with the hollow body 3 the VE1 is connected

6

closed voluminous area of VE2, in particular water reservoir, provided with openings, not shown, for the inlet / outlet of water

7

Cavity for adjusting the average density of VE1, so that at rest, a small area of the total space consisting of the spaces 6 and 7 , protruding outside the water level

8th

Plate on which device components can be fixed

9

Machinery room

10, 11

Diagrammatic representation of a transmission mechanism (piston, transmission device) for driving a generator EG (eg a dynamo EG)

12

Ballast that shifts the center of gravity of the overall device deeply and prevents extreme inclinations

13

Fixing material for ballast 12 at VE2

14

Water level at rest

15

possible minimal fluctuation of the water level 14 inside the hollow body 3 when VE1 is at maximum height; the waterline 15 may be just above or just below the water level 14 lie

16

steerable anchoring element for the component K1 of a device VR

17

Winding devices for ropes Sl1, SL2

18

Rewinding mechanism for ropes SL1, SL2

19

Openings for filling the water reservoir WR (optionally lockable)

20

slide

21

bracket

22

Piston for the hydraulic arrangement of the 4

23

Operating fluid for the hydraulic arrangement of 4

24

Valve that opens under pressure in the direction of the arrow

25

Rotor, operated by the flow of fluid 23 , which is coupled to the rotor of the generator EG

26

pipe

27

large valve, which opens under pressure in the direction of the arrow

According to the parallel application, the easily movable part (VE1) of the device contains a long hollow body ( 3 ) whose length is so great that the lower open end of the hollow body is always located at a depth of the sea in which the lateral variations of the hydrostatic pressure are very low. This has the consequence that, irrespective of the depth at which the lower open end of the hollow body is located, the hydrostatic pressure at this end, which is equal to the atmospheric pressure plus ρ · g · h (where: ρ = watertight; g = Gravitational acceleration, h = the height of the water column inside the hollow body ( 3 )), always corresponds to the average pressure in the corresponding sea depth. Therefore, the water level within the hollow body can only experience temporal fluctuations when corresponding pressure fluctuations prevail at a certain depth of the sea. Since these pressure fluctuations are low, the water level within the hollow body hardly changes in comparison to the wave movements. As with all devices of the same type, a force capable of driving an electric generator is generated between the movable and the stationary part. This force tends to pull the "immobile" part out of the water level.

The diameter of the "immobile" part (VE2) is chosen to be sufficiently large so that if this part corresponds to a distance (d) that is only a small fraction of the wave height (eg 0.75 m at a wave height of 4 m ), the displaced volume of water corresponds to a weight (according to the principle of Archimedes), which completely counteracts the buoyancy of the moving part (VE1). This hydrostatic effect is as effective as that of the dynamic inertial effect which otherwise can be achieved by an inertial mass of several hundred tons.

4. Detailed description of the invention

• – die erste Vorrichtungseinheit (VE1) einen sich längs erstreckenden, bevorzugt rohrförmigen, Hohlkörper (3) enthält, dessen im Wasser einzutauchendes Ende offen ist und mindestens einen Schwimmkörper (5) der an der Außenwand des Hohlkörpers (3) befestigt ist, sodass der Hohlkörper (3) der Aufwärts-/Abwärtsbewegung einer Wasserwelle folgen kann;
• – die zweite Vorrichtungseinheit (VE2) ist derart ausgestaltet, dass sie entlang des Innenraumes der ersten Vorrichtungseinheit (VE1) gleiten kann, jedoch etwas beabstandet von der Innenwand des Hohlkörpers (3), sodass dazwischen ein Zwischenraum entstehet in dem Wasser fließen kann;
• – an einem ersten Bereich (BE1) der ersten Vorrichtungseinheit (VE1) und an einem zweiten Bereich (BE2) der zweiten Vorrichtungseinheit (VE2) ist mindestens ein Elektrogenerator (EG) elektromechanisch oder elektromagnetisch angekoppelt, der durch die relative Gleitbewegung der zweiten Vorrichtungseinheit (VE2) entlang der Innenwände der ersten Vorrichtungseinheit (VE1) elektrische Energie erzeugen kann; dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zweite Vorrichtungseinheit (VE2) über einen dritten voluminösen Bereich (7) mit einer niedrigeren Dichte als die Dichte des Wassers verfügt und mit einem verschlossenen voluminösen Bereich (6), der ein Wasserreservoir mit Einlass- und Auslassöffnungen sein kann, versehen ist, wobei die Durchschnittsdichte des verschlossenen voluminösen Bereichs, bzw. Wasserreservoirs (6) nahezu der Dichte des Wassers entspricht und das Gesamtvolumen des verschlossenen, voluminösen Bereichs (6), mindestens halb so viel wie das Gesamtvolumen der Schwimmkörper (4) beträgt und dass der Innenquerschnitt „QS” der ersten Vorrichtungseinheit (VE1) entlang der Region in der die verschlossenen, voluminösen Bereiche (6, 7) der zweiten Vorrichtungseinheit (VE2) gleiten so bemessen ist, dass das Produkt der Querschnittfläche „QS”, berechnet in Quadratmetern mal 12, beziehungsweise mal 8 oder 6, bevorzugt mal 4 oder mal 2 oder sogar mal 1, grösser als das Gesamtvolumen der Schwimmkörper (4), berechnet in Kubikmetern, ist und dass die Durchschnittsdichte der zweiten Vorrichtungseinheit (VE2) so bemessen, dass bei ruhendem Wasser die voluminösen Bereiche (6, 7) dieser Vorrichtungseinheit (VE2) mindestens um 0,3 m, bevorzugt mindestens um 0,6 m und noch mehr bevorzugt mindestens um 0,9 m über der Wasserlinie herausragt, sodass durch Eintauchen eines wesentlichen Teils dieses im ruhenden Zustand über der Wasserlinie herausragenden Teils der zweiten Vorrichtungseinheit (VE2), über die Ankoppelung an dem mindestens einem Elektrogenerator (EG) eine Aufwärtskraft gegen die ersten Vorrichtungseinheit (VE1) wirkt und zwar so, dass unter der Wirkung von Wasserwellen, der mindestens eine Elektrogenerator (EG) elektrische Energie erzeugt sowohl während der Aufwärts- als auch während der Abwärtsbewegung der ersten Vorrichtungseinheit (VE1).

The present invention relates to a device according to claim 1 for obtaining electrical energy by water wave motion comprising a first device unit (VE1) and a second device unit (VE2), wherein

• The first device unit (VE1) has a longitudinally extending, preferably tubular, hollow body ( 3 ), whose end to be immersed in the water is open and at least one floating body ( 5 ) on the outside wall of the hollow body ( 3 ) is attached, so that the hollow body ( 3 ) can follow the upward / downward movement of a water wave;
• The second device unit (VE2) is designed such that it can slide along the interior of the first device unit (VE1), but slightly spaced from the inner wall of the hollow body (FIG. 3 ), so that there is a gap between them in which water can flow;
• - At a first region (BE1) of the first device unit (VE1) and at a second region (BE2) of the second device unit (VE2) is at least one electric generator (EC) electromechanically or electromagnetically coupled by the relative sliding movement of the second device unit (VE2 ) can generate electrical energy along the inner walls of the first device unit (VE1); characterized in that the second device unit (VE2) extends over a third voluminous area ( 7 ) with a density lower than the density of the water and with a closed voluminous area ( 6 ), which may be a water reservoir with inlet and outlet openings, wherein the average density of the sealed voluminous area or water reservoir ( 6 ) is close to the density of the water and the total volume of the sealed voluminous area ( 6 ), at least half as much as the total volume of floats ( 4 ) and that the inner cross section "QS" of the first device unit (VE1) along the region in which the closed, voluminous areas ( 6 . 7 ) of the second device unit (VE2) is dimensioned such that the product of the cross-sectional area "QS", calculated in square meters by 12, or by 8 or 6, preferably by 4 or by 2 or even by 1, is greater than the total volume of the floating bodies ( 4 ), and that the average density of the second device unit (VE2) is such that, when the water is at rest, the voluminous areas ( 6 . 7 ) of this device unit (VE2) protrudes at least 0.3 m, preferably at least 0.6 m and even more preferably at least 0.9 m above the waterline, so that by dipping a substantial part of this protruding in the stationary state above the waterline part the second device unit (VE2) acts via the coupling to the at least one electric generator (EG) an upward force against the first device unit (VE1) in such a way that under the action of water waves, the at least one electric generator (EG) generates electrical energy both during the upward and downward movement of the first device unit (VE1).

• – ein längliches Trägerelement (LT) oder ein plattformförmiges Trägerelement (PT) dessen Durchschnittsdichte höher ist als die Dichte des Meerwassers, das jeweils mittels eines Gerüstes (GR) gegen Biegungsdeformation verstärkt sein kann, wobei das längliche Trägerelement (LT) oder das plattformförmige Trägerelement (PT) dazu bestimmt ist, in einer Meerestiefe versenkt zu werden, wo der hydrostatische Druck durch die Wasserwellen an der Meeresoberfläche unwesentlich schwankt,
• – mindestens zwei Schwimmkörper (S1, S2), die mit dem länglichen Trägerelement (LT) beziehungsweise mit dem plattformförmigen Trägerelement (PT) verbunden sind, sodass dieses Trägerelement (LT, PT) durch die Auftriebskraft der an der Wasseroberfläche schwimmenden Schwimmkörper (S1, S2) schwebend in einer bestimmten Meerestiefe positioniert werden kann,
• – und mindestens zwei unabhängigen Vorrichtungen (VR) zum Antreiben eines Elektrogenerators (EG), wobei jede Vorrichtung (VR) mit dem Trägerelement (LT, PT) an jeweils einer vorbestimmten Stelle fest verbunden ist und wobei jede Vorrichtung (VR) eine Komponente (K1) enthält, die mit dem Trägerelement (LT, PT) fest verbunden ist und auch eine bewegliche Komponente (K2) enthält, die mit einem eigenen Wasserschwimmer (WS) fest verbunden ist, wobei die mindestens eine Vorrichtung (VR) durch die relative Bewegung zwischen der festen Komponente (K1) und der beweglichen Komponente (K2), die aufgrund der vertikalen Bewegung des Wasserschwimmers (WS) unter dem Einfluss von Wasserwellen verursacht wird, einen eigenen oder einen gemeinsam mit mindestens einer anderen Vorrichtung (VR) angekoppelten Elektrogenerator (EG) antreibt,
• – und gegeben falls eine oder mehrere Wasserreservoirs (WR) die an dem länglichen Trägerelement (LT) beziehungsweise an dem plattformförmigen Trägerelement (PT) befestigt ist beziehungsweise sind, damit die Inertialmasse des Trägerelements (LT, PT) erheblich erhöht wird.

The invention also relates to a system for generating electrical energy by water wave motion containing

• An elongated support element (LT) or a platform-shaped support element (PT) whose average density is higher than the density of the seawater, which can each be reinforced by means of a frame (GR) against bending deformation, wherein the elongate support element (LT) or the platform-shaped support element (FIG. PT) is intended to be sunk at a sea depth where the hydrostatic pressure fluctuates insignificantly by the water waves at the sea surface,
• - At least two floats (S1, S2), which are connected to the elongated support member (LT) or with the platform-shaped support member (PT), so that this support element (LT, PT) by the buoyancy of floating on the water surface floats (S1, S2 ) can be positioned floating in a certain depth of the sea,
• And at least two independent devices (VR) for driving an electric generator (EG), each device (VR) being fixedly connected to the carrier element (LT, PT) at a respective predetermined location and each device (VR) comprising a component (K1 ) fixedly connected to the support element (LT, PT) and also containing a movable component (K2) fixedly connected to its own water float (WS), said at least one device (VR) being characterized by the relative movement between the fixed component (K1) and the movable component (K2), which is caused by the vertical movement of the water float (WS) under the influence of water waves, has its own or an electric generator (EG) coupled in common with at least one other device (VR) drives,
• - And given if one or more water reservoirs (WR) which is attached to the elongated support member (LT) or to the platform-shaped support member (PT) or are, so that the inertial mass of the support member (LT, PT) is considerably increased.

4.1 figures:

1 : Diagrammatically shows the working principle of the invention of the copending application

2 Fig. 1 shows diagrammatically an embodiment of the device according to the present invention

3a , b: show electrical power generating devices that can be used in a system according to the present invention that can be unidirectionally driven in either compression or traction modes, or bidirectionally powered

4 FIG. 12 explains the principle of operation of a power generating device for a system according to the present invention which can be hydraulically driven in compression mode

6 Figure 1 shows a system according to the present invention carrying a plurality of power-generating units

7 : shows a variant of the system according to the present invention

8th : explains the modular design of elongate support elements LT; a module is provided with transverse standing, elongated frameworks (side wings SF) to which a plurality of floats are connected

9 shows a support element LT with a particularly long, cross-standing framework (center wing MF) whose length is measured much longer than the length of a water wave in the field

10 . 11 . 12a . 12b FIG. 12 diagrammatically illustrates examples of the assignment of groups of individual energy-generating units to elongate or platform-shaped support elements of systems according to the present invention

13a . 13b . 13c : explain embodiment 1

14 : explains the benefits of the system

15 : explains the principle of coupling several devices (VR) to a single electric generator (EG)

4.2 Description of an embodiment of the device according to the invention

A disadvantage of the device whose function is based on the 1 has been explained, that all the potential energy available to form a water mountain due to water swelling is only exploited during the wave crest phase. During this phase, the device unit (VE2) additionally dives over the waterline ( 14 ) in the interior of the hollow body ( 3 ) and the weight corresponds to the mass of water corresponding to the volume of (VE2) additionally extracted. This weight is equal to a force which is the upward movement of the float ( 5 ) together with hollow body ( 3 ) brakes and is used to drive the electric generator EG. There is no significant interaction force between the device units (VE1) and (VE2) during the phase in which the wave is decreasing. The force that causes the upward movement of the float ( 5 ), the higher the cross section (QS) and the larger the dimension (d) (cf. 1 ) in which the device units (VE2) above the waterline ( 14 ) has surfaced additionally. Thus, the device unit (VE2) does not have to emerge excessively from the water, it is necessary that VE2 has a relatively large cross-section. In order to overcome this disadvantage, it is now proposed according to the invention, the height of the void volume ( 7 ), to reduce the cross-section QS and at the same time to increase the weight of the device (VE1), for example by filling part of the float ( 5 ) with water, so that a significant interacting force between the device units VE1 and VE2, both during the device unit ( 1 ) as well as during their sinking, is evoked. By means of these measures it is achieved that, similar to the original design, during the upward movement, a part of the device unit above the waterline (FIG. 14 ) and the upward movement of the float ( 5 ) is braked, as well as that, during the sinking movement of the device unit (VE1), via its coupling to the electric generator (EG), the device unit (VE2) is pressed into the water until a substantial portion of the voluminous area ( 7 ) is sunk into the water far below its equilibrium position in the still water. Thus, there is a net buoyancy force which pushes the unit (VE2) upwards, while the unit (VE1) exerts by its weight a downward force on the coupled generator (EG) to the device unit (VE2).

The end result is that the electric generator (EG) is driven over the entire period of a water wave. A predetermined average power value can therefore be achieved with a smaller average (QS) device than in the case where useful energy can only be obtained during one half wave period.

4.3 Embodiment 1

(I)

This embodiment may best with the help of 13a to 13c be understood. The 13a explains approximately the operation of a device with an annular float ( 5 ) of external diameter 4 m, which protrudes in the equilibrium position and 0.5 m from the water. The cross section QS is 2.8 m, so that it is equal to the horizontal cross section of the float ( 5 ) is (6.3 sqm). In this example, a wave amplitude of 4 m and a wave period of 12 s are assumed. The maximum useful energy to drive the electric generator (EG) at constant torque (not shown in FIGS 13a to 13c ) is approximately the potential energy stored in the system after the inner device unit VE2 has been pulled out of equilibrium by 0.5 m, ie after the maximum buoyancy force acts on the float (then it is just covered by water). It is believed that useful energy is available only during the half-period as the float floats upwards. The maximum available energy for driving the generator (EG) under constant buoyancy is equal to the volume of water displaced by the volume of the buoy ( 5 ) multiplied by the water density (about 1) times "g" (9.81 ms ^-2 ) times the free uplink of 3 m (4 m - 2 (0.5) m = 3 m; 13a right). The result is 92.7 kJ. Over a period of 12 s, the average power output is 7.7 kW. The maximum variable power is even higher and corresponds to the energy value calculated by multiplying the volume of the float ( 5 ) times the water density (about 1) times "g" (9.81 ms ^-2 ) times the height of the wave crest (4 m), reduced by the required amount of energy the water through the float ( 5 ) and the "extracted volume" of the device unit VE2, which is then divided by the period (12s). The maximum possible average power under the condition of a variable buoyancy force is then 9.2 kW.

(II)

The above example is repeated with a device in which the outer diameter of the float ( 5 ) 4 m, but the hollow body ( 3 ) has a diameter of only 2 m, so that the cross-section QS is only 3.14 square meters. In this case, the maximum buoyancy force exerted on the float ( 5 ) acts at about 46.2 kN and acts on a free uplink of only 2 m (4 m - 0.5 m - 1.5 m = 2 m). This time, the buoyancy force of 46.2 kN is only compensated when the inner device unit VE2 has been pulled out of the water by 1.5 m. Calculated again under constant buoyancy, the maximum average power was 7.7 kW, which is not surprising. The maximum possible average power, under conditions of variable buoyancy, in this case is 13.5 kW. Also in this case a period of 12 s is assumed.

(III)

Now the above results, with the potential energy required to lift a buoy 4 m in diameter and 0.5 m high (and covered with water) up to the top of a 4 m high crest (ie over one mast) free uplink of 4 m - 0.5 = 3.5 m) compared. If this energy (calculated under conditions of constant buoyancy) is divided by 12 s, the average power is 17.9 kW. The maximum possible average power, under the condition of a variable buoyancy, is 19.2 kW in this case. This power corresponds to the maximum deliverable power, a device known in the art, ( http://www.oceanpowertechnologies.com/PDF/PB150 08292012 GFL.pdf ). With such types of devices, however, one needs a dynamically acting immobile part, which should weigh several hundreds of tons. Should devices have a curb weight of well over 100 tons. The ratio 17.9: 7.7 is about 2.33. The ratios 19.2: 9.2 = 2.1 and 19.2: 13.5 = 1.4 are even smaller. Devices of the type according to embodiments (I) and (II) above weigh considerably less than 15 tons. The value 15 times 2.33 or even 1.4 is considerably smaller than 100, indicating a clear material saving advantage. Devices of the type considered in Examples (I) and (II) above have been incorporated in the copending application Serial Number 10 2014 003 228.0 described.

(IV)

The device of the invention works, as it in the 13b and 13c is presented in two phases. For this, it is necessary that in the equilibrium position, the inner device unit far above the waterline ( 14 protruding so that during the downward movement of the float ( 5 ), the rooms ( 6 . 7 ) can be pushed into the water below their equilibrium position. For this it is necessary that also the hollow body ( 3 ) is correspondingly weighted and this can (if necessary) by the enlargement of the float ( 5 ) in an oblong direction, with a part ( 5a ) of which is filled up with water. During the upward phase (cf. 13b ), the device functions according to Examples (I) and (II). During the downward phase, however, one can still gain an additional amount of energy (cf. 13c ). The maximum calculated average power at constant driving force of the electric generator (EG) is now 14.4 kW. In a direct comparison of examples (I) and (IV), it is recognized that, given identical lateral conditions, the performance of the device according to the invention is greater than that of the device described in US Pat Parallel application (file reference 10 2014 003 228.0 ) is twice as high.

4.4 General description of the system according to the invention

(I)

The new concept envisages instead of individually coupling the mobile device elements VE2 of floating electricity-producing devices to device-relative relatively immobile device elements VE1, designing them as mobile components K2, which are coupled to immobile components K1, wherein the immobile components K1 are connected to common, heavy, supporting scaffolds, which float over a sufficient number of sufficiently sized floats S1, S2 in deep waters. The respective supporting frameworks can be configured as long-shaped (LT) or as platform-shaped (PT) support elements. These frameworks may have a modular structure and be built up into larger units via individual interconnected modules M1, M2 (cf. 8th . 10 . 12 ).

In contrast to the immobile elements, which according to the prior art (OPT, http://www.oceanpowertechnologies.com/PDF/PB150 08292012 GFL.pdf . WO2011 / 120497 ) float deep under the water waves and act as dynamically acting counterparts of mobile elements due to their extremely high inertial mass of several hundred tons to drive coupled to electric generators, the proportionately attributed weight of a support element (LT, PT) to the respective devices that over their immobilized components K1 are fixed to him, lying under ten tons. This is made possible by the fact that the long-shaped (LT) or platform-shaped (PT) support elements are provided with long lift arms (side wings (SF) and / or center wings (MF)) which preferably have at least the length of a water wavelength in the intended area of use. The suspended over floats S1, S2 under water lifting arms of the support elements experience a rocking motion, which is caused by the water waves, the center of gravity of the entire system, however, remains almost immobile (see. 14a ). If the maximum total force of all devices (VR1, VR2, VR3) that can act in one direction on the framework of a module of a support element (LT, PT), is not greater than the weight of the module and not greater than the remaining buoyancy of Floats S1, S2 via which the corresponding support element (LT, PT) is suspended, the immobile components K1 of these devices can remain almost in the same place as the corresponding mobile components K2 oscillate up and down with the frequency of the water waves and the coupled to them Power electric generators EG. It is only important that the modern construction materials allow the construction of a sufficiently stable construction, without, for. B. for a module of a support element with a length of 25 m containing two wings as well of 25 m each to exceed the total weight of 40 tons. If additional weights (GW) of still 20 tons are applied to such modules (eg concrete, sand or scrap with a density significantly higher than the density of the water), then four electric energy generating devices (VR1, VR2, VR3), each of which can be driven with an oscillating force of up to 100 kN. Depending on the size of the wave, each one of such devices can bring an average power of 10 to 60 kW.

(II)

Alternatively, one can arrange a composite of a plurality of longitudinally interconnected support elements (LT, PT) with a total length of several, ie from two to three or more water wavelengths, obliquely to a wavefront (see. 11 right and 14b above). For example, if VR3 bidirectional devices are mounted on the individual modules of the support members (LT, PT), then the support member will be attracted when the device VR3 is in front of a wave crest (as explained below) and a compressive force, when the VR3 device is after a wave crest. In addition, over the length of one water wavelength, almost half of the framework immediately below it experiences the gravitational force more strongly according to its mass (in the area of one corrugation valley) whereas the other half experiences a strong buoyancy force in the opposite direction (ie in the area of a wave mountain). The overall effect is that every single point of the scaffold floating in the water experiences at most a small vertical oscillation whereas the mobile components K2 of the device VR3 oscillate with an amplitude of the order of magnitude of a wave crest. It is noteworthy that with such long chains of coupled modules M1, M2, which are directed obliquely to a wavefront, it is not even necessary to equip them with particularly long lift arms (side wings (SF) and / or middle wings (MF)), since anyway in the longitudinal direction of the system results in a repeating pattern of vertical, counteracting forces.

4.5 Working Modes of Energy Generating Devices (VR)

An electric power generating device (VR) intended to be mounted on an immobile base can in principle operate in three different modes:

(I) Type VR2 - attraction mode

Several years ago, it was proposed to attach an electric generator to the bottom of the sea and operate it with the buoyancy force exerted on a float by a wave crest with the underside of the float connected to the generator via a cable ( WO2004 / 085843 ). This principle is illustrated by the illustration on the right 5 explained. For illustrative reasons, in this figure, a winding device ( 17 ) for the rope SL1 shown separately from a rewinding device (RS) of known type. As the float (WS) is in upward motion, the generator (EG) is driven. During the phase of a wave trough, the rope (SL1) is rewound. Generators that are only during the "attraction phase" are referred to in this application as VR2 type generators.

Alternatively, the electric generator (EG) in the equipment room ( 9 ) located in a region of a tubular component (K1) are (see. 3a . 3b and 5 Left). As in the International Patent Application ( WO2011 / 120497 ) is explained, after proper translation of the linear velocity of a shaft force vertically oscillating component (K2), which is coupled to the generator (EG), a sufficiently high rotational speed of the generator rotor is achieved in order to achieve the desired performance. In the figures, a piston ( 11 ) as part of a transmission mechanism ( 10 . 11 ), which according to one embodiment has teeth which engage in a toothed wheel of a transmission device ( 10 ) only during the upward movement of the piston ( 11 ), so that after appropriate translation of the rotor of the electric generator (EC) - or Dynamos - is set in rotational motion. The transmission device is designed such that during the downward movement of the piston ( 11 ), their mechanism is in freewheel mode, similar to the reverse movement of the pedal of a conventional bicycle. The upward movement of the piston ( 11 ), which over a bracket ( 21 ) is attached to the mobile sliding element (LK2) of the mobile component (K2) of the device (VR, VR2), by the buoyancy force exerted on the float ( 5 , WS) of the mobile component (K2) is exercised.

(II) Type VR1 compression mode

The device described above may alternatively operate only in compression mode. For this it is necessary that the piston ( 11 during its upward movement in the freewheeling mode, while its teeth in the teeth of the gear of the transmission device ( 10 ) only during its downward movement. The necessary force during the downward movement of the piston ( 11 ) can be achieved by replacing an empty float ( 5 , WS) on the mobile element (LK2) of the mobile component (K2), a combination of the float ( 5 ) and a massive body, z. B. a vessel filled with water ( 5a ) is attached (see. 2 ). During the construction of a wave mountain wins the massive body, or filled with water vessel ( 5a ) of potential energy released during the wave trough phase.

Alternatively, a solid body enriched with potential energy or a vessel filled with water according to the principles explained above may be used ( 5a ), the corresponding energy release by pressure on the piston of a pneumatic device, according to the in the 4 illustrated principles works (the means for interaction between vessel ( 5a ) and device (VR2) are in the 4 not illustrated). The pressure relief valves ( 24 . 27 ) open like the arrows in the 4 demonstrate. When the vessel ( 5a ) Pressure on the piston ( 22 ), the working fluid flows from the left into the right vessel. The rotor ( 25 ) of this device, which on the rotor of an electric generator ( 26 ) is set in rotation. The liquid flows through the pipe ( 26 ) into the right room and from there hydrostatically through the valve ( 27 ) to the left during the phase, than to the piston 22 no pressure is exerted.

(III) Type VR3 bidirectional mode

The device described in the first paragraph under item (II) above can operate in both attraction and compression modes when the float ( 5 ) correspondingly larger than a vessel filled with water ( 5a ), as related to the device of 2 was declared, provided that the teeth of the piston ( 11 ) during its upward as well as its downward movement into the teeth of the gear of the transmission device ( 10 ) (cf. 3a left and 5 left).

Alternatively, the coupling of the mobile element (LK2) to the transmission device ( 10 ) via ropes (SL2) attached to the tooth-free piston ( 11 ) and around winding / rewinding devices ( 17 , RS) are wound. Since in such a case only the narrow above area of the Piston ( 11 ) Is subjected to tensile forces, otherwise it is in compression mode when the pull cable (SL2) is pulled down to the right, the entire piston does not have to be constructed from a material which has an extremely high tensile strength. It is sufficient if the pull ropes have the required tensile strength and this is easier to achieve since a modern pull rope can have a tensile strength of 2000 N / mm ² .

4.6 Long-shaped and platform-shaped support elements (LT, PT) - basic structure

Heavy-duty cross-beams and lifting arms made of special steels with a length of 25 m can carry heavy loads that are distributed on a point-by-point basis, which can be up to 20 times heavier than the own weight of the traverse. A support element (LT) with a length of 25 m, which is shimmering in the water from its two ends and at the same time in one direction four times a force of 100 kN (ie of about 10 tons) distributed over four locations along its body must, as expected, weigh at least two tons. In any case, a construction of five tons should be sufficiently stable. For the same reason, it is sufficient that the total weight of two side wings (SF) fixed perpendicular to the main body of the support member at its two ends is not more than six tons. A frame structure that should carry a load of 40 tons and a shape as in the 6 or 8th should not have a total weight of more than 12 tons. The components (K1) and (K2) of a device (VR) including all devices and mounting materials (see. 3a . 3b . 5 . 6 ) can weigh less than 10 tons per device at a height of up to 10 meters. For a device of the genus, as described in the 5 On the left, it can be advantageous to construct towers (TRM) on the trunk of the support element (LT) or one of the modules (M1, M2), especially if the support elements (LT, PT) are in relatively lower positions should be sunk. If a steel structure weighs 50 tons, it will have an effective weight of 44 to 45 tons in the water, since the density of iron is about 7.8. In such circumstances, it may be advantageous to attach extra weights (GW) of inexpensive material, such as cement blocks, to the support member (see FIG. 8th ).

The entire construction of a carrier element (LT) carrying four powerful devices can weigh less than 60 tons, which corresponds to a proportional weight of 15 tons per device. In addition, the floats come with a total desired void volume of about 80 m ³ . Also taking into account the weight of the floats (S1, S2) and the associated fastening material, which may have a cylindrical shape, as in the 9 is shown, one does not get to a proportionate weight of more than 20 tons per device, which is substantially less than 140 tons, which are required for floating devices, the immobile parts, each individually separately, must be provided with dynamically acting inertial masses (OPT PB150). Modern polyethylene floating bodies, which are available for the production of boat jetties and catamarans (and can also be used as floats S1, S2) have a dead weight of substantially less than one-tenth of their carrying capacity.

If dynamic damping in edge regions, in particular of a carrier element (LT) consisting of several modules, should prove advantageous (cf. 14b above), reservoirs (WR) that can be filled with water can be attached to the frame of individual modules (M1, M2). The reservoirs have openings ( 19 ) through which water penetrates into its interior. If the number and size of the openings are not very large, it will take some time for the respective reservoirs (WR) to be full, but then they do not need to be closed to allow the reservoirs to act as a damping inertial mass (cf. 6 ). If you want the frame of the support element in a higher position and the reservoirs (WR) in a water depth in which the water waves have little influence (this already happens at a depth corresponding to slightly more than half the water wavelength), it is possible a Construction according to the 7 to prefer.

4.7 Modular design

It may be desirable for the dimensions of the LT's (LT, PT) to exceed three times the water wavelengths so that the local forces caused by the individual waves have little effect on the position of the floating skeleton. However, for weight / stability reasons, it may be advantageous that the individual rigid elements of the system are not significantly longer than 25 to 30 meters. The entire system can therefore be made up of individual modules (M1, M2) of different shapes, as shown in the 8th . 10 right and 12 will be shown. The connections between the neighboring modules should be flexible. The necessary freedom of rotation can be achieved by the use of spherical or bi-axial links, such as the coupling elements C1, C2 or C3 in the 8th illustrate. Flexible connections can also be achieved inexpensively and stably, so that the neighboring modules over Traction cables (ZS) are interconnected, wherein between their ends shock-absorbing elements, ie buffer elements (PF) are used. (see. 8th ).

The 12 (a) shows an elongated structure in which two modules, each having two side wings, are connected to a module having only a longer center wing. The advantage of having a longer center wing is that it can be exposed to multiple troughs and wave crests simultaneously if the water wavelength is much smaller than the length of the center wing (MF). In this case, several perpendicularly oriented forces in opposite directions act on the framework of the center wing (MF) with the net effect that it is not significantly accelerated in any particular direction. The disadvantages of a very long structure are associated with design difficulties. The 9 shows the possibility of stabilizing long wing structures via pull ropes (as with suspension bridges). Traction Ropes (SL) are attached to mini-towers (MTR) and the ends of a wing scaffold. The advantage of using pull cords is their higher tensile strength compared to rigid elements (eg of steel profiles).

The 10 (right) and 12 (b) illustrate the modular design of platform-shaped structures resulting from the connection of individual modules which are connected to each other both over the ends of their side wings and the ends of their basic body.

4.8 Embodiment 2

(I) Use of a platform-shaped system

In the known floating electric power generating devices, the relatively immobile elements of such devices must be able to float themselves and therefore must have an average density close to the density of the water. In order for such elements, which must have a very high inertial mass, to not be significantly influenced by the wave motion, most of their volume must be at a depth at which the influence of water waves is small ( WO2011 / 120497 ). Such inertial materials should generally be below 8 to 10 m, even below 15 m.

Such a limitation exists for the solid frameworks of the elongate and platform-shaped support members (LT, PT). Because such structures are made of materials that have a higher density than the density of the water, the force of their own weight is much more significant than the buoyancy of the ascending and descending water wave masses. The buoyancy force that such scaffolds largely experience according to the structures of the present invention is that transmitted by the floats S1, S2 to which they are connected. This buoyancy force is stronger where there is currently a wave crest; Over a longer period of time, each point of the framework to which a corresponding floating body (S1, S2) is connected experiences more or less the same average force.

In an area in which water waves with a height between 2 and 4 m spread, a scaffold, as in the 12 (b) is shown suspended in the longitudinal direction against the shaft front at a depth of 6 to 8 m above floats (S1, S2). The individual modules tend to experience a rocking movement, as described in point 4.4 (I) in connection with the drawing of the 14 (a) was declared. However, the axis along which the individual devices (VR1, VR2) are arranged remains almost in the same equilibrium position. Due to the end-to-end coupling of the individual modules, a part of the buoyancy force, which momentarily experiences a certain module, is transmitted to an adjacent module, so that, on average, the fluctuation tendency is damped at a certain point. In this example, devices of types VR1 and VR2 are used according to a specific pattern. Since VR1 devices (closed circuits) operate only in attraction mode while creating a water mountain, they are located as far apart as possible so that each of these devices can absorb the maximum available wave energy. Between such devices, VR2 type devices operating in compression mode are therefore arranged. The individual devices (VR1, VR2) are attached to swivel axes as on axes of rotation (AX) or directly to the existing scaffolds via steerable anchoring elements (FIG. 16 ), which may be in the form of spherical or analogous structures.

The system of this example provides 24 unidirectional devices. Each of these devices is equipped with floats each carrying 6 t (about 60 kN). In a water area with 3 m high waves and a period of 12 s, the average capacity is 360 kW.

The explains which forces are effective on the individual modules by the operation of the individual devices. The open arrows show the compressive forces generated by VR1 and VR3 devices and the solid arrows show the attractive forces created by VR2 and VR3 devices.

(II) Use of a long-shaped system

A long-shaped system comprising four modules may be in the form of arrangements as in FIGS 12 (a) and 8th shown or from a series of scaffolds with short side wings as in the 7 are shown, be formed. Inertial elements in the form of water reservoirs (WR) are not necessary, but they may be advantageous as oscillation dampers if they are present on the end modules of the overall framework.

The system used in the 14a is shown diagrammatically (bottom plan view, top side view) contains 4 modules, each module carrying four VR3 type devices. The overall system is suspended by floats S1, S2 in the water at a depth of 6 m to 8 m, the bearing capacity can balance the weight of the scaffolding and the compression forces of the individual device VR3. The extending system is directed obliquely to a wavefront (eg, by anchoring) so that the individual devices are fully exposed to the wavefront effect. The individual devices are directly on the existing scaffolds via steerable anchoring elements ( 16 ) attached. Each device is provided with a floating body with a capacity of 6 t (about 60 kN), which is bidirectionally active, as explained in point 4.5 (III). The system contains 24 devices. In a water area with 3 m high waves and a period of 12 s, the average capacity is 640 kW.

4.9 Concluding remarks

The overall modular systems are not only advantageous for more efficient use of materials. Since several device units are mounted on solid ground, the wiring between each device is easier. Since the scaffold elements are built separately from the energy-generating elements, the logistics of service and transport is also simpler. The 15 diagrammatically explains another potential. When the fixed components (K1) of adjacent devices that can operate asynchronously (such as a VR1 type device and a VR2 type device) are connected to each other in the direction of the rotation axis (AX), and coupling mechanisms as in FIG 3a can be used, the mechanical elements of individual devices can be coupled to a single, common electric generator (EG). For this it is sufficient z. B. that a torque is transmitted individually from each device to the axis of the generator motor, such as via corresponding winding / rewinding devices ( 17 , RS), with the cable (SL2) of one device in its downward movement driving the rotor and the rope (SL2) of another device in its upward movement. Even if it is in the . and is not shown, it is possible that the construction of the individual devices (VR) is modified so that the equipment room ( 9 ) of the immobile component (K1) is positioned in a lower position, so that the piston ( 11 ) can move in an envelope, not shown, below the position of the lateral framework of a module (M1, M2). This modification is advantageous for applications in which very high waves prevail.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 4338103 A [0001]
• US 4110630 A [0001]
• WO 02/103881 A [0001]
• CN 201099347 Y [0001]
• JP 55160967 [0002]
• WO 2011/120497 [0004, 0010, 0035, 0039, 0050]
• DE 102014003228 [0006, 0008, 0011, 0032, 0033]
• WO 2004/085843 [0038]

Cited non-patent literature

• http://www.oceanpowertechnologies.com/PDF/PB150 08292012 GFL.pdf published on 19.09.2012 [0005]
• http://www.oceanpowertechnologies.com/PDF/PB150 08292012 GFL.pdf [0032]
• http://www.oceanpowertechnologies.com/PDF/PB150 08292012 GFL.pdf [0035]

Claims (2)

Device for obtaining electrical energy by water-wave movement, comprising a first device unit (VE1) and a second device (VE2), wherein - the first device unit (VE1) has a longitudinally extending, preferably tubular, hollow body ( 3 ), whose end to be immersed in the water is open and at least one floating body ( 5 ) on the outer wall of the hollow body ( 3 ) is attached, so that the hollow body ( 3 ) can follow the upward / downward movement of a water wave; The second device unit (VE2) is designed in such a way that it can slide along the interior of the first preclearing unit (VE1), but slightly spaced from the inner wall of the hollow body (FIG. 3 ), so that in between a gap arises in the water can flow; - At a first region (BE1) of the first device unit (VE1) and at a second region (BE2) of the second device unit (VE2) is at least one electric generator (EC) electromechanically or electromagnetically coupled by the relative sliding movement of the second device unit (VE2 ) can generate electrical energy along the inner walls of the first device unit (VE1); characterized in that the second device unit (VE2) extends over a third voluminous area ( 7 ) with a density lower than the density of the water and with a closed voluminous area ( 6 ), which may be a water reservoir with inlet and outlet openings, wherein the average density of the sealed voluminous area or water reservoir ( 6 ) is close to the density of the water and the total volume of the sealed, voluminous area ( 6 ), at least half as much as the total volume of the floats ( 4 ) and that the inner cross section "QS" of the first device unit (VE1) along the region in which the closed, voluminous areas ( 6 . 7 ) of the second device unit (VE2) is dimensioned so that the product of the cross-sectional area "QS", calculated in square meters times 12, or times 8 or 6, preferably times 4 or 2 or even times 1, greater than the total volume of the floating body ( 4 ), calculated in cubic meters, and that the average density of the second device unit (VE2) is such that, when the water is at rest, the voluminous areas ( 6 . 7 ) of this Vorirrchtungseinheit (VE2) protrudes at least 0.3 m, preferably at least 0.6 m, and more preferably at least 0.9 m above the waterline, so that by dipping a substantial part of this outstanding in the stationary state above the waterline part the second device unit (VE2) acts via the coupling to the at least one electric generator (EG) an upward force against the first device unit (VE1) in such a way that under the action of water waves, the at least one electric generator (EG) generates electrical energy both during the upward and downward movements of the first device unit (VE1). System for generating electrical energy by water wave motion containing An elongated support element (LT) or a platform-shaped support element (PT) whose average density is higher than the density of the seawater, which can each be reinforced by means of a frame (GR) against bending deformation, wherein the elongate support element (LT) or the platform-shaped support element (FIG. PT) is intended to be sunk at a sea depth where the hydrostatic pressure fluctuates insignificantly by the water waves at the sea surface, - At least two floats (S1, S2), which are connected to the elongated support member (LT) or with the platform-shaped support member (PT), so that this support element (LT, PT) by the buoyancy of the floating on the water surface floats (S1, S2 ) can be positioned floating in a certain depth of the sea, And at least two independent devices (VR) for driving an electric generator (EG), each device (VR) being fixedly connected to the carrier element (LT, PT) at a respective predetermined location and each device (VR) comprising a component (K1 ) fixedly connected to the support element (LT, PT) and also containing a movable component (K2) fixedly connected to its own water float (WS), said at least one device (VR) being characterized by the relative movement between the fixed component (K1) and the movable component (K2), which is caused by the vertical movement of the water float (WS) under the influence of water waves, has its own or an electric generator (EG) coupled in common with at least one other device (VR) drives, - And optionally one or more water reservoirs (WR) which is attached to the elongate support member (LT) or to the platform-shaped support member (PT) are in relation to, so that the inertial mass of the support member (LT, PT) is considerably increased.

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