DE202013101154U1 - Pyrolysis aggregate for wet biomass - Google Patents

Abstract

Pyrolysis unit (1) for pyrolysis of moist biomass (4) with a) a dewatering segment (A) for mechanical dewatering of the biomass (4) with material supply means (3) and b) a drying segment (B) for thermal dewatering of the biomass (4 ) by heat supply (32) and c) a reactor segment (C) for pyrolytic decomposition of the biomass (4) in gas and coal by thermal treatment without access of air with means for gas discharge (33) and means for coal discharge (34), characterized in that the dewatering segment (A) comprises a screw press (7) enclosed by a first housing (10) for pre-dewatering (D), a comminution stage (13) for comminuting (E) and a first cone (18) enclosed by a second housing (15) Main drainage (F) of the biomass (4), the drying segment (B) enclosed by a second waste heat chamber (42) drying cylinder (22) for drying (G) and one of a first waste heat chamber (41) comprised tine shaft (24) for material ventilation (H) and a second cone (29) for spreading (I) the biomass (4), and the reactor segment (C) comprises a pyrolysis cylinder (31) enclosed by a hot gas chamber (40) for pyrolysis (K) of the biomass (4) in a pyrolysis zone (43), and all segments (A, B, C) along a longitudinal axis (44) of the pyrolysis unit (1) are drivingly connected together and the biomass (4) in the operating state is transported from one segment to the next and thus the biomass (4) passes through the pyrolysis unit (1) continuously.

Description

The invention relates to a pyrolysis for pyrolysis of wet biomass with a dewatering segment for mechanical dehydration of the biomass with means for material supply and a drying segment for thermal dewatering of the biomass by supplying heat and a reactor segment for pyrolytic decomposition of biomass in gas and coal by thermal treatment without air access Means for gas discharge and means for coal discharge.

Biomass and biogenic residues and waste materials are attractive raw materials to replace fossil fuels as energy carriers because they make a significant contribution to climate protection. The use or combustion of energy sources from biomass is basically climate-neutral, because it is no longer carbon, usually as CO2, released as in the photosynthesis of biomass is bound. In a pyrolysis of carbonaceous biomass as pyrolysis with low energy content, this is thermally reacted with exclusion of oxygen at temperatures between 400 and 600 ° C, with gas and coal are obtained as pyrolysis products with high energy content. In this case, a thermo-chemical cleavage of the organic compounds takes place, in that the high temperatures force a bond break within large molecules into smaller ones. Pyrolysis of manure, which is a mixture of animal excrement (manure) and plant bedding (straw), and other biogenic waste is an important contribution to environmental and resource conservation, as it is recycled to a high quality and is not landfilled or simply incinerated become. So far, such moist biomass is hardly used, since the high water content brings with it a low energy value. Pre-treatment of wet biomass for pyrolysis therefore requires technologies for dewatering and drying the biomass.

The publication EP 2 136 170 A2 discloses a device and method for obtaining energy from wet biomass, with a dewatering device for mechanical pre-dewatering of the biomass and a drying step for re-dewatering by supplying heat. In this case, the dewatering device comprises a first dewatering stage and a second dewatering stage, which are designed in two parts separately from one another in order to use different techniques and / or processing parameters adapted in each case to the consistency of the biomass in the first and the second dewatering stage. The second dewatering stage is combined with the drying stage in an assembly, whereby a compact construction is achieved. Disadvantageously, this assembly comprises a separation stage for separating the heat transfer material from the biomass, since the mixing container of the drying stage must be charged simultaneously with the pre-dewatered biomass and a heat transfer material to allow heat exchange.

In the utility model DE 20 2008 017 367 U1 a device for packing lignocellulose is described for pyrolysis, with a compressor as a feed opening for lignocellulose in a gas-tight room with a pyrolysis, the compressor is a screw conveyor with a feed zone outside the gas-tight space for entering the lignocellulose and a discharge area in the gas-tight space for the biomass strand. In this case, a gas-tight seal for the inlet opening is formed in the gas-tight space by the strand of compacted lignocellulose. Hints or suggestions for a development of the device for a summary of the compressor with a dewatering device and a drying device in an assembly are not apparent from this prior art.

The patent EP 1 608 721 B1 discloses an apparatus and method for pyrolysis of biomass, with a material supply and a pyrolysis station, arranged along a longitudinal axis of the apparatus. In this case, the material supply means for generating pressure, which presses the biomass to be pyrolyzed to the pyrolysis station. The pyrolysis station has a heating element which heats the biomass in the operating state and is thereby set in rotation by means of a gear. Furthermore, means for supplying the biomass to the heating element are arranged on the axis, which is defined by the feed direction of the biomass against the heating element. Hints or suggestions for a development of the device for carrying out the material supply with a dewatering device for mechanical pre-dewatering of the biomass and a drying device for re-dewatering by heat supply can not be seen in this prior art.

Based on this, the object of the invention is to propose an improved apparatus for pyrolysis for moist biomass, which is characterized by a combination of individual functional segments in an economical manner and represents a simplification of the process chain between the supply and pyrolysis of the wet biomass.

This object is solved by the features of claim 1. Embodiments of the invention are described in the subclaims.

The object is achieved in that in a pyrolysis unit for pyrolysis of wet biomass, the dewatering segment comprises a closed by a first housing screw press for pre-dewatering, a crushing stage for crushing and enclosed by a second housing cone for main drainage of biomass, the drying segment of a second drying chamber enclosed drying cylinder for drying and one enclosed by a first waste heat chamber tine wave for material ventilation and a second cone for spreading the biomass comprises, and the reactor segment comprises a pyrolysis of a closed by a hot gas chamber pyrolysis of the biomass in a pyrolysis zone. Furthermore, the dewatering segment, the drying segment and the reactor segment are drivingly connected to each other along a longitudinal axis of the pyrolysis unit, so that the biomass is transported from one segment to the next in the operating state and thus the biomass continuously passes through the pyrolysis device.

The wet biomass consists of manure or biogenic residues and waste materials that are not in competition with food or other renewable raw materials. Depending on the material used, the biomass has a fibrous, granular, pasty or floury consistency. The biomass is fed via the material supply to a first screw tube with a first screw spiral. For fibrous biomass, for example, the pitch of the first helix is designed so that it can optimally grip and convey the fibrous material. As a result, an optimal degree of filling of the pyrolysis unit can be achieved. Depending on whether the biomass has a fibrous, granular or floury consistency, the first screw tube is designed with a designated pitch of the first screw spiral and interchangeable.

The screw press is formed as a second screw tube with a second screw flight. The first housing of the screw press has distributed over its circumference drainage slots, which can be between one and five millimeters. In order to ensure pre-dewatering of the biomass already in the screw press, the second screw tube rises conically towards the catchment area of the biomass, at the same time the turns of the second screw spiral decrease in pitch. In addition, the distance between the turns of the second spiral screw continuously decreases with each other after the catchment area. As a result, the volume between the second screw tube and the second screw coil continuously decreases, so that the pressure on the biomass rises steadily and much liquid is discharged through the drainage slots of the first housing.

Brakes, also called stoppers or teeth, are distributed over the length of the screw press. For this, the second worm turns are slotted at the position of the brakes, so that the brakes protrude through the turns of the second worm turns up to the second worm tube. The brakes advantageously prevent plugging, jamming and / or sticking of the biomass in the second screw flights. At the same time, the biomass is circulated and frayed. Depending on the pyrolysis product used, it is possible to place the brakes individually on the second screw tube or to pull it out of the screw extruder.

Before entering the biomass into the main drainage, the crushing stage with two to eight knives is used for the fine comminution or grinding and mixing of fibrous material of the biomass.

The main drainage consists of a cylindrical second housing which narrows inside towards the drying segment. Along the circumference of the second housing longitudinal slots for the discharge of liquid are mounted in addition to the brakes. These longitudinal slots can be adjusted depending on the biomass used by variable equalizing plates in the opening width. Furthermore, the compensating plates are movable to prevent clogging of the longitudinal slots or to break again.

In the interior of the main drainage, a first cone, rising towards the drying segment, rotates, on which a screw spiral for transporting the biomass is applied. The biomass coming from the first screw tube is pressed together and dehydrated in the main drainage system. The dewatered biomass is forced onto the drying cylinder by means of the resulting pressure through the first annular gap formed by the narrowing second housing and the rising first cone. In this case, the material of the biomass particularly advantageously seals the drying segment and the reactor segment against the ingress of air from the dewatering segment. On the drying cylinder, the biomass is spread thinly over its circumference and dried with the waste heat from the pyrolysis process.

On the tine shaft after the drying cylinder, the dried material of the biomass is released by prongs on the rotating tine shaft, so that the remaining moisture of the biomass can escape from the water vapor lock. The steam lock is with a Closure flap or slider fitted, which closes when the biomass contains no or only low humidity.

The dried material of the biomass is then pressed onto the pyrolysis cylinder through a second cone with applied helical spiral through a second annular gap via a second cone rising to the reactor segment. Particularly advantageous here also includes the material of the biomass, which is pressed by the second annular gap, the reactor segment from an air inlet from the drying segment down.

The biomass is further preheated on the pyrolysis cylinder until it reaches the pyrolysis zone. Here the material of the biomass is briefly exposed to a selected pyrolysis temperature of up to 600 ° C and decomposes in the pyrolysis process in gas and coal. Shortly after the pyrolysis zone, the coal falls from the pyrolysis cylinder and the gas rises. About stirring blades of a stirrer, which is attached to the end of the pyrolysis cylinder, the coal is loosened to allow any trapped gas to ascend. The coal then falls into a storage container and is removed via a removal device and can be sent for further utilization. Thus, the pyrolysis gas liquefied and it can be made storable until further processing.

For further use, the gas and / or coal may be supplied to a burner for generating thermal energy. For example, the burner can be connected to a motor for converting the thermal energy into mechanical energy, which in turn can drive a generator for generating electrical energy. In addition to the energetic use for power and / or heat generation, the use as a source of raw materials for chemical applications is possible. The gas and / or the coal can also be used in a downstream combustion chamber directly in the pyrolysis as an energy supplier and thus replace other energy sources in the provision of the required hot gas for pyrolysis. In addition, coal is useful in agriculture to improve the fertility of soils and to bind CO2.

On cold bridges on the reactor gaseous or vaporous pyrolysis products can condense and possibly drip on leaks. For this reason, the waste heat from the pyrolysis process flows around the entire reactor segment in order to avoid the condensation of the gas. With decreasing temperature, the waste heat is used to dry the material of the biomass.

The pyrolysis unit has a modular design and can therefore be separated into its individual segments. As a result, when using dry biomass, the drying segment can be taken out of the pyrolysis unit and the reactor segment is connected directly to the dewatering segment. The pyrolysis unit can also be used without the drying and reactor segment for the treatment of feed materials or biomass such as for biogas plants, the dewatering segment alone optimally unlocks the biomass for the bacteria.

In a development of the invention, the pyrolysis unit can also be used with a hot gas having a low torrefaction temperature of up to 300 ° C. for torrefaction of the biomass. Here, the material of the biomass is roasted without air access at low temperatures, resulting in a pyrolytic decomposition and drying. As a result, similar to a coking, the mass and volume-related energy density and thus the calorific value of the biomass are increased, so that the biomass can be transported rewarding.

Particularly advantageous is the inventive pyrolysis a continuously running screw pyrolysis reactor in which the moist biomass is transported in the operating state of a segment to the next segment and thus the biomass passes through the pyrolysis continuously. This means that the material of the biomass fed to the pyrolysis does not have to be dried consuming before. As a result, the pyrolysis unit always runs on its own, and does not have to be stopped for emptying and refilling.

Furthermore, the pyrolysis unit can be used to meet the decentralized demand and the decentralized availability of biomass.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to a preferred embodiment with a single figure.

The figure shows a schematic representation of a pyrolysis unit 1 for wet biomass 4 comprising a dewatering segment A, a drying segment B and a reactor segment C. In the dewatering segment A, the mechanical dewatering of the biomass takes place 4 by a pre-dewatering D, a crushing E and a main drainage F instead. In the drying segment B, the thermal dewatering of the biomass takes place 4 by a drying G, a material H and a sheet I spread for the pyrolysis K instead. The heat required for the thermal drainage passes as shown by the arrows of the heat flow 23 indicated, via a flowed through by a hot gas hot gas chamber 40 of Reactor segment C in a first waste heat chamber 41 and then into a second waste heat chamber 42 of the drying segment B, where they talk about the heat dissipation 21 is dissipated. In reactor segment C, the pyrolytic decomposition of the biomass takes place 4 in gas and coal by thermal treatment without air supply in the pyrolysis K instead. It is in the pyrolysis zone 43 the area-spreading biomass 4 through that via the heat supply 32 in the hot gas chamber 40 supplied hot gas briefly exposed to a selected pyrolysis and decomposes into gas and coal.

All three segments A, B, C are along a longitudinal axis 44 of the pyrolysis unit 1 arranged one behind the other and connected to one another in terms of drive. At its entry end of the biomass 4 becomes the pyrolysis unit 1 by a drive 2 so driven that the biomass 4 is transported from one segment A, B, C to the next. As a result, the biomass passes through 4 the pyrolysis unit 1 continuously.

The biomass 4 is about the material supply 3 on a first screw tube 5 with a first spiral helix 6 introduced, wherein the pitch of the first screw helix 6 according to the consistency of the biomass used 4 is set. This is followed by a screw press 7 with a second screw tube 8th with a second helix 9 at. The second auger tube 8th after its entry end to the end of the biomass 4 increases conically, and the pitch and the spacing of the turns of the second helix 9 decreases continuously. The screw press 7 is from a first case 10 cylindrically enclosed, the distributed over its circumference drainage slots 11 through which the liquid from the in the screw press 7 pressed biomass 4 expires. About the length of the screw press 7 are brakes 12 distributed and the turns of the second helix 9 are at the position of the brakes 12 carved in such a way that the brakes 12 through the turns to the second screw tube 8th protrude. The brake 12 prevent caking of biomass 4 inside the screw press 7 ,

The following is a crushing stage 13 with two to eight knives 14 for shredding fibrous biomass 4 arranged. This is followed by a second housing 15 enclosed first cone 18 at. The second housing 15 is formed as a hollow cylinder, which inside from its entry end to the discharge end of the biomass 4 becomes narrower. At the same time, the first cone 18 from its entry end to the discharge end of the biomass 4 rising so that the biomass 4 at the end of discharge through a first annular gap 20 is pressed. About the circumference of the second housing 15 are beyond the brakes 12 also longitudinal slots 16 for the drainage of liquid 17 appropriate. The compressed biomass 4 seals at the first annular gap 20 the drying segment B and the reactor segment C against an air inlet from the dewatering segment A from.

Subsequently, one of the second waste heat chamber 42 enclosed drying cylinder 22 arranged. About the circumference of the drying cylinder 22 is the biomass 4 spread out and is dried with the waste heat from the pyrolysis process K. The following is one of the first waste heat chamber 41 edged tine wave 24 arranged. On the tine wave 24 are from their entry end to the end of the biomass 4 towards tines 25 for transport and ventilation of biomass 4 arranged. This escaping water vapor 28 gets over one to the tine wave 24 protruding steam lock 26 discharged. A flap 27 closes the steam lock 26 then, if the biomass 4 contains no or only low moisture.

The following is the biomass 4 over a second cone 29 , which is at its end of biomass 4 a second annular gap 30 forms, spread flat for the pyrolysis K. Again, the compressed biomass seals 4 at the second annular gap 30 the reactor segment C against air from the drying segment B down from.

Following this, the biomass 4 over the circumference of a pyrolysis cylinder 31 spread for pyrolysis and in the pyrolysis zone 43 a defined pyrolysis temperature for the pyrolysis K exposed. The generated gas is generated by a gas discharge 33 discharged, the coal produced is via a stirrer 35 with stirring blades 36 led to the loosening of the coal and then over a Kohlausustrag 34 in a storage container 37 dissipated. The waste heat from the pyrolysis process K flows around the entire reactor segment C, so that condensation of the gas generated is avoided. The pyrolysis zone 43 includes a thermal insulation 38 ,

The hot gas chamber 40 includes dividers 39 that the completion of the pyrolysis zone 43 and the completion of the hot gas chamber 40 serve, so that the reactor segment C from the drying segment B is separable.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

 Pyrolyseaggregat

2

 drive

3

 material supply

4

 biomass

5

 First auger tube

6

 First helix

7

 screw Press

8th

 Second spiral tube

9

 Second helix

10

 First case

11

 drainage slot

12

 brakes

13

 crushing stage

14

 knife

15

 Second housing

16

 longitudinal slot

17

 liquid drain

18

 First cone

19

 Third housing

20

 First annular gap

21

 heat dissipation

22

 drying cylinder

23

 heat flow

24

 zinc wave

25

 prong

26

 Water vapor lock

27

 flap

28

 Wasserdampfaustrag

29

 Second cone

30

 Second annular gap

31

 Pyrolysezylinder

32

 heat

33

 gas outlet

34

 Kohleaustrag

35

 stirrer

36

 stirring blades

37

 reservoir

38

 thermal insulation

39

 Divider

40

 Hot gas chamber

41

 First waste heat chamber

42

 Second waste heat chamber

43

 pyrolysis

44

Longitudinal axis of 1

A

 drainage segment

B

 drying segment

C

 reactor segment

D

 predehydration

e

 crushing

F

 main drainage

G

 desiccation

H

 material ventilation

I

 Area-shaped propagation

K

 pyrolysis

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• EP 2136170 A2 [0003]
• DE 202008017367 U1 [0004]
• EP 1608721 B1 [0005]

Claims (29)

Pyrolysis unit ( 1 ) for the pyrolysis of wet biomass ( 4 ) with a) a dewatering segment (A) for the mechanical dewatering of the biomass ( 4 ) with means for supplying material ( 3 ) and b) a drying segment (B) for thermal dewatering of the biomass ( 4 ) by supplying heat ( 32 ) and c) a reactor segment (C) for the pyrolytic decomposition of the biomass ( 4 ) in gas and coal by thermal treatment without access of air with means for gas discharge ( 33 ) and means for coal discharge ( 34 ), characterized in that the dewatering segment (A) is one of a first housing ( 10 ) enclosed screw press ( 7 ) for pre-dewatering (D), a crushing stage ( 13 ) for comminution (E) and one of a second housing ( 15 ) enclosed first cone ( 18 ) to the main drainage (F) of the biomass ( 4 ), the drying segment (B) comprises one of a second waste heat chamber ( 42 ) enclosed drying cylinder ( 22 ) for drying (G) and one of a first waste heat chamber ( 41 ) tine wave ( 24 ) for material ventilation (H) and a second cone ( 29 ) for the areal propagation (I) of the biomass ( 4 ), and the reactor segment (C) comprises one of a hot gas chamber ( 40 ) enclosed pyrolysis cylinder ( 31 ) for the pyrolysis (K) of the biomass ( 4 ) in a pyrolysis zone ( 43 ), and all segments (A, B, C) along a longitudinal axis ( 44 ) of the pyrolysis unit ( 1 ) are drivingly connected to each other and the biomass ( 4 ) is transported in the operating state from one segment to the next and thus the biomass ( 4 ) the pyrolysis unit ( 1 ) continuously. Pyrolysis unit ( 1 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the moist biomass ( 4 ) consists of manure or biogenic residues and wastes having a fibrous, granular, pasty or floury consistency. Pyrolysis unit ( 1 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for supplying material ( 3 ) over a first screw tube ( 5 ) with a first spiral screw ( 6 ) are arranged. Pyrolysis unit ( 1 ) according to claim 3, characterized in that the first helix ( 6 ) a pitch corresponding to the consistency of the biomass ( 4 ) and is interchangeable. Pyrolysis unit ( 1 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for gas discharge ( 33 ) as a top-side outlet opening behind the pyrolysis cylinder ( 31 ) are performed, through which the gas rises. Pyrolysis unit ( 1 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for coal discharge ( 34 ) a stirrer ( 35 ) behind the pyrolysis cylinder ( 31 ) with stirring blades ( 36 ) for loosening the coal and a bottom-side outlet opening behind the stirrer ( 35 ) through which the coal falls. Pyrolysis unit ( 1 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the screw press ( 7 ) as a second screw tube ( 8th ) with a second spiral screw ( 9 ), wherein the second screw tube ( 8th ) after its end of entry to the end of the biomass ( 4 ) rises conically, and the pitch and the pitch of the turns of the second helix ( 9 ) decreases continuously. Pyrolysis unit ( 1 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the first housing ( 10 ) is formed as a hollow cylinder, the distributed over its circumference drainage slots ( 11 ), which are between one and five millimeters wide. Pyrolysis unit ( 1 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that over the length of the screw press ( 7 ) Brakes ( 12 ) are distributed and the turns of the second helix ( 9 ) at the position of the brakes ( 12 ) are slotted, the brakes ( 12 ) through the turns except for the second screw tube ( 8th ) protrude. Pyrolysis unit ( 1 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the comminution stage ( 13 ) two to eight knives ( 14 ) containing the fibrous biomass ( 4 shorten). Pyrolysis unit ( 1 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the second housing ( 15 ) is formed as a hollow cylinder which internally from its entry end to the discharge end of the biomass ( 4 ) becomes narrower. Pyrolysis unit ( 1 ) according to claim 11, characterized in that over the circumference of the hollow cylinder in addition to the brakes ( 12 ) also longitudinal slots ( 16 ) are arranged for the discharge of liquid, wherein the longitudinal slots ( 16 ) depending on the biomass used ( 4 ) are of different widths and are adjustable by variable compensating plates in the opening width. Pyrolysis unit ( 1 ) according to claim 11, characterized in that the first cone ( 18 ) from its entry end to the discharge end of the biomass ( 4 ) is rising and thereon a screw spiral for transporting the biomass ( 4 ) is attached. Pyrolysis unit ( 1 ) according to claim 13, characterized in that by the narrower expectant second housing ( 15 ) and the rising first cone ( 18 ) at the output of the biomass ( 4 ) a first annular gap ( 20 ), whereby the biomass ( 4 ) seals the drying segment (B) and the reactor segment (C) against an air inlet from the dewatering segment (A). Pyrolysis unit ( 1 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the second waste heat chamber ( 42 ) is formed by a double-walled hollow cylinder, with an inlet opening for the heat flow ( 23 ) from the first waste heat chamber ( 41 ) to the second waste heat chamber ( 42 ) and an outlet opening for heat dissipation ( 21 ). Pyrolysis unit ( 1 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that over the circumference of the drying cylinder ( 22 ) the biomass ( 4 ) is spread and dried with the waste heat from the pyrolysis process (K). Pyrolysis unit ( 1 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the first waste heat chamber ( 41 ) is formed by a double-walled hollow cylinder, with an inlet opening for the heat flow ( 23 ) from the hot air chamber ( 40 ) to the first waste heat chamber ( 41 ) and an outlet opening for the heat flow ( 23 ) to the second waste heat chamber ( 42 ). Pyrolysis unit ( 1 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that on the tine shaft ( 24 ) from their entry end to the discharge end of the biomass ( 4 ) tines ( 25 ) for the transport and ventilation of the biomass ( 4 ) are arranged. Pyrolysis unit ( 1 ) according to claim 17, characterized in that the first waste heat chamber ( 41 ) one to the tine wave ( 24 ) projecting water vapor lock ( 26 ) for the steam discharge ( 28 ), wherein the water vapor lock ( 26 ) with a closure flap ( 27 ), which then closes when the biomass ( 4 ) contains little or no moisture. Pyrolysis unit ( 1 ) according to claim 17, characterized in that the second cone ( 29 ) from its entry end to the discharge end of the biomass ( 4 ) is rising and thereon a screw spiral for transporting the biomass ( 4 ) is attached. Pyrolysis unit ( 1 ) according to claim 20, characterized in that through the inner wall of the first waste heat chamber ( 41 ) and the rising second cone ( 29 ) at the output of the biomass ( 4 ) a second annular gap ( 30 ), whereby the biomass ( 4 ) seals the reactor segment (C) against air access from the drying segment (B). Pyrolysis unit ( 1 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the hot gas chamber ( 40 ) is formed by a double-walled wood cylinder, with an inlet opening for the heat supply ( 32 ) and an outlet opening for the heat flow ( 23 ) from the hot gas chamber ( 40 ) to the first waste heat chamber ( 41 ). Pyrolysis unit ( 1 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that over the circumference of the pyrolysis cylinder ( 31 ) the biomass ( 4 ) and in the pyrolysis zone ( 43 ) a hot gas from the heat supply ( 32 ) is briefly exposed to a defined pyrolysis temperature of up to 600 ° C for the pyrolysis process (K). Pyrolysis unit ( 1 ) according to claim 23, characterized in that the waste heat from the pyrolysis process (K) to avoid the condensation of the gas flows around the entire reactor segment (C) and the pyrolysis zone ( 43 ) a thermal insulation ( 38 ). Pyrolysis unit ( 1 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the drivingly interconnected segments (A, B, C) by a drive ( 2 ) along the longitudinal axis ( 44 ) of the pyrolysis unit ( 1 ) for transporting the biomass ( 4 ) are driven. Pyrolysis unit ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is supplied with a hot gas from the heat supply ( 32 ) with a low Torrefizierungstemperatur of up to 300 ° C for Torrefezierung the biomass ( 4 ), thereby increasing the energy density and thus increasing the transportability of the biomass ( 4 ) is achieved. Pyrolysis unit ( 1 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that it is modular and thus in its individual segments (A, B, C) is separable. Pyrolysis unit ( 1 ) according to claim 27, characterized in that the drying segment (B) when using dry biomass ( 4 ) and the reactor segment (C) is directly connected to the dewatering segment (A). Pyrolysis unit ( 1 ) according to claim 27, characterized in that the dewatering segment (A) alone for the treatment of biomass ( 4 ) is usable for biogas plants.

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