CN112268279A - Intelligent thermal cracking treatment method and system for slag-state solid waste - Google Patents
Intelligent thermal cracking treatment method and system for slag-state solid waste Download PDFInfo
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- CN112268279A CN112268279A CN202011102463.0A CN202011102463A CN112268279A CN 112268279 A CN112268279 A CN 112268279A CN 202011102463 A CN202011102463 A CN 202011102463A CN 112268279 A CN112268279 A CN 112268279A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/033—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment comminuting or crushing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/04—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment drying
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
- F23G7/001—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals for sludges or waste products from water treatment installations
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field related to solid waste treatment, and particularly discloses an intelligent thermal cracking treatment method and system for slag-state solid waste, wherein the treatment method comprises the following steps: s1, drying and crushing the solid waste to be treated to obtain a substance to be thermally cracked, and respectively monitoring the water content and the heat value in the substance to be thermally cracked so as to control the drying temperature and the thermal cracking reaction temperature; carrying out thermal cracking reaction, measuring the quality of the obtained pyrolysis residue or pyrolysis oil and recording; s2, changing the particle size of the thermal cracking product, repeating the step S1 for multiple times, establishing the relationship between the particle size of the thermal cracking product and the quality of the pyrolysis residue or the pyrolysis oil, and adjusting the particle size until the quality of the pyrolysis residue or the pyrolysis oil obtained multiple times under a certain particle size is within a preset acceptable floating range, so that the particle size of the thermal cracking product before thermal cracking is determined, and online intelligent control and adjustment are realized. The invention realizes the purpose of multiple solid wastes in one device, has good robustness and provides a direction for the solid waste treatment industry.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field related to solid waste treatment, and particularly relates to an intelligent thermal cracking treatment method and system for slag-state solid waste.
Background
In recent years, with continuous improvement of science and technology, the production and manufacturing capacity of enterprises is continuously improved, and a plurality of environmental problems are brought while the national modernization process is continuously accelerated. Among them, solid waste is always a hot problem for research at home and abroad due to the characteristics of various types, complex components and the like.
At present, solid waste treatment means mainly comprise landfill treatment, incineration treatment, pyrolysis treatment, biological composting and the like. Among them, the pyrolysis treatment is favored by the fields of science and industry due to the characteristics of obvious reduction, less pollutant discharge, lower energy consumption and the like. The pyrolysis treatment is to carry out heat treatment on the solid waste under an oxygen-free atmosphere to cause the solid waste to have violent decomposition reaction so as to generate products such as pyrolysis gas, pyrolysis oil, pyrolysis slag and the like. The types of reactors are reported at home and abroad, and the existing thermal cracking reactors comprise a fixed bed reactor, a fluidized bed reactor, a mechanical pyrolyzer, an attractive force pyrolyzer and the like. The mechanical pyrolyzer overcomes the defect that the fixed bed pyrolyzer cannot continuously treat the solid waste, avoids the disadvantage that a fluidized bed reactor generates a large amount of fine particles, and greatly accelerates the solid waste treatment speed compared with the gravitational pyrolyzer.
CN104560072B introduces an organic waste pyrolysis system, which adopts a rotating bed pyrolysis furnace, and performs cooling and purification treatment on pyrolysis gas to obtain pyrolysis gas, pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis slag, but the whole process is manually operated, and the invention does not provide a principle of selecting temperatures of different waste pyrolysis media; CN1175429C describes an organic waste decomposition apparatus and method, which comprises two stages including a partial oxidation series reactor, wherein a partial oxidation thermal medium part can perform oxidation reaction with organic waste to self-compensate heat supply, but the apparatus also lacks an intelligent control system and cannot directionally control pyrolysis temperature for different waste sources; CN105509062B introduces a continuous pyrolysis incineration device of full-scale electron electrical apparatus discarded object, and the device can carry out the integrated processing to electron electrical apparatus discarded object, accomplishes pyrolysis, mixes, burning integrated technology, has realized the green processing of electron electrical apparatus discarded object. But the device has stronger pertinence and no universality on various organic solid wastes; in conclusion, no intelligent automatic pyrolysis device for various organic solid wastes exists in the market at present, and based on the intelligent automatic pyrolysis device for the solid wastes, an intelligent slag-state thermal cracking treatment device for the solid wastes is developed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects or improvement requirements in the prior art, the invention provides an intelligent thermal cracking treatment method and system for slag-state solid waste, wherein a corresponding control module is developed according to the characteristic that the yield of pyrolysis gas, pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis slag in a pyrolysis product is constant when the pyrolysis is completed at the same solid waste and the same pyrolysis temperature, the heat exchange process in the pyrolysis process can be dynamically adjusted, the purpose of 'one device with multiple solid wastes' is realized, the operation is stable, the robustness is good, and a guidance direction is provided for the solid waste treatment industry.
To achieve the above objects, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided an intelligent thermal cracking treatment method of solid waste in a slag state, the treatment method comprising the steps of:
s1, drying and crushing solid waste to be treated in sequence to obtain dried thermal cracking substances with determined particle size values, respectively monitoring the water content and the heat value of the thermal cracking substances, comparing the water content of the obtained thermal cracking substances with preset water content, adjusting the drying temperature in real time according to the comparison result until the preset water content requirement is met, and setting the thermal cracking temperature according to the heat value of the obtained thermal cracking substances; carrying out thermal cracking reaction on the to-be-thermally cracked substance according to the set thermal cracking temperature to obtain pyrolysis gas, pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis slag, and measuring and recording the quality of the pyrolysis slag or the pyrolysis oil;
s2, changing the particle size of the to-be-cracked substance obtained after crushing, repeating the step S1 for multiple times, establishing the relationship between the particle size of the to-be-cracked substance and the quality of the pyrolysis residue or pyrolysis oil, adjusting the particle size of the to-be-cracked substance according to the relationship until the pyrolysis residue or pyrolysis oil obtained for multiple times under the same particle size is within a preset acceptable floating range, wherein the particle size at the moment is the particle size of the to-be-cracked substance in the required thermal cracking process, so that the particle size of the to-be-cracked substance before thermal cracking is determined, the regulation and control of the specific surface area of the to-be-cracked substance in the thermal cracking process are realized.
Further preferably, in step S1, the solid waste to be processed is one or more of medical waste, broken needle tubes, broken plastics, oily sludge, waste clothes and kitchen waste.
Further preferably, in step S1, the number of drying and crushing is one or more times, so that the water content and the particle size of the to-be-thermally cracked satisfy preset conditions.
Further preferably, in step S1, the obtained pyrolysis gas, pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis residue are all recovered.
Further preferably, until the pyrolysis residue or the pyrolysis oil obtained multiple times at a certain particle size is within a preset acceptable floating range means that the mass of the pyrolysis residue or the pyrolysis oil obtained multiple times at a certain particle size is changed within a range of 3% to 5%.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a processing system of the intelligent thermal cracking processing method, the system comprises a multi-stage drying module, a multi-stage crushing module, an online moisture monitoring module, a full-automatic thermal value monitoring module, a particle crushing control module and a thermal cracking reaction module, wherein,
one end of the moisture online monitoring module is connected with the inlet end of the thermal cracking reaction module, the other end of the moisture online monitoring module is connected with the multistage drying module, the moisture online monitoring module is used for monitoring the moisture content of the object to be thermally cracked entering the thermal cracking reaction module, comparing the moisture content with the preset moisture content, and adjusting the drying temperature of the multistage drying module according to the comparison result;
one end of the full-automatic heat value monitoring module is connected with the inlet end of the thermal cracking reaction module, the other end of the full-automatic heat value monitoring module is connected with the multistage crushing module, the full-automatic heat value monitoring module is used for monitoring the heat value of the object to be thermally cracked which enters the thermal cracking reaction module after crushing, and the temperature of thermal cracking in the thermal cracking reaction module is set according to the measured heat value;
one end of the particle crushing control module is connected with the outlet end of the thermal cracking reaction module, the other end of the particle crushing control module is connected with the multistage crushing module, the particle crushing control module is used for monitoring the weight of pyrolysis residues or pyrolysis oil at the thermal cracking outlet end, comparing the weight with a preset condition, adjusting the preset crushing particle size in the multistage crushing module according to a comparison result, and further adjusting the particle size of a to-be-cracked substance entering the thermal cracking reaction module.
Further preferably, the moisture online monitoring module controls the multistage drying module, the full-automatic calorific value monitoring module controls the thermal cracking reaction module, and the particle crushing control module controls the multistage crushing module by adopting PID or PMC.
Generally, compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the thermal cracking treatment method provided by the invention adjusts the particle size of the object to be thermally cracked entering thermal cracking by establishing the relationship between the particle size and the weight of the pyrolytic slag, namely, the specific surface area of the object to be thermally cracked is adjusted, when the thermal cracking reaction of the solid waste is sufficient, the weight of the pyrolytic slag is constant, so that whether the thermal cracking process is sufficient can be judged by judging whether the weight of the pyrolytic slag is constant, wherein the specific surface area of the object to be thermally cracked affects the thermal cracking process, the adjustment of the specific surface area can be adjusted by adjusting the particle size of the object to be thermally cracked, the relationship between the particle size and the weight of the pyrolytic slag is finally established to realize the online intelligent control of the thermal cracking process, compared with the method depending on manual judgment, the control accuracy is high, the labor cost is saved, and considerable economic;
2. according to the invention, the drying process and the thermal cracking process are controlled on line through on-line monitoring of the water content and the heat value, so that the whole thermal cracking process has strong controllability, real-time adjustment can be carried out according to the reaction process, and the intelligent degree is high;
3. the invention intelligently selects the temperature of the heating medium in the pyrolysis process according to different heat values of different dried solid wastes, directionally regulates and controls the change of the heat exchange area in the pyrolysis process according to the characteristic that the yield of generated pyrolysis gas, pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis slag is constant under the same pyrolysis temperature of the same solid waste material, and breaks through the current processing situations of one solid waste and one device of the traditional pyrolysis equipment and lower intelligent degree of the traditional device.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of a process for the intelligent thermal cracking treatment of solid waste in the slag state constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a screw feeder constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a screw conveyor dryer constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a crusher constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a wind shut-off machine constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a spiral reactor constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a negative feedback control system operational flow diagram of a particle fracturing system constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a flow diagram of the operation of an online moisture monitoring module constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a flow diagram of the operation of a fully automatic thermal value monitoring module constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration of a screw unloader constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a comparison between before and after the treatment of medical waste constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in which (a) is a diagram before the treatment of solid medical waste and (b) is a diagram of pyrolytic residue after the treatment.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
As shown in figure 1, the intelligent thermal cracking treatment method of the slag-state solid waste is characterized in that the pyrolysis temperature of a pyrolysis reactor is intelligently selected (400-800 ℃) and kept constant according to the heat values of different slag-state solid wastes, and the complete thermal cracking of the different slag-state solid wastes is ensured. In this device, solve out pyrolysis sediment, pyrolysis oil quality change rate through pyrolysis oil, pyrolysis sediment quality change and sampling rate to compare with last sampling point, and then regulate and control thermal cracking reaction process through adjusting the broken degree of granule, avoid the tired and thermal cracking device jam phenomenon of material thermal stress that direct regulation and control thermal cracking reactor brought. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, drying and crushing solid waste to be treated in sequence to obtain dried thermal cracking substances with determined particle size values, respectively monitoring the water content and the heat value of the thermal cracking substances, comparing the water content of the obtained thermal cracking substances with preset water content, adjusting the drying temperature in real time according to the comparison result until the preset water content requirement is met, and setting the thermal cracking temperature according to the heat value of the obtained thermal cracking substances; carrying out thermal cracking reaction on the to-be-thermally cracked substance according to the set thermal cracking temperature to obtain pyrolysis gas, pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis slag, and measuring and recording the quality of the pyrolysis slag or the pyrolysis oil;
s2, changing the particle size of the to-be-cracked substance obtained after crushing, repeating the step S1 for multiple times, establishing the relationship between the particle size of the to-be-cracked substance and the quality of the pyrolysis residue or pyrolysis oil, adjusting the particle size of the to-be-cracked substance according to the relationship until the pyrolysis residue or pyrolysis oil obtained for multiple times under the same particle size is within a preset acceptable floating range, wherein the particle size at the moment is the particle size of the to-be-cracked substance in the required thermal cracking process, so that the particle size of the to-be-cracked substance before thermal cracking is determined, the regulation and control of the specific surface area of the to-be-cracked substance in the thermal cracking process are realized.
Further, in step S1, the solid waste to be processed is one or more of medical waste, broken needle tubes, broken plastics, oily sludge, waste clothes and kitchen waste.
Aiming at various slag-state solid wastes, because the components are complex, no stable solid waste treatment system which can be used for various sources and varieties exists at present, the invention provides an intelligent solid waste treatment system which combines the heat value of the dried slag-state solid wastes and the quality change of products after thermal cracking treatment.
This system is measured through the monitoring to pyrolysis oil, pyrolysis sediment productivity, and the change range of breaker power and frequency is unanimous with pyrolysis oil quality change rate, and is opposite with pyrolysis sediment quality change rate, when can guaranteeing the increase of pyrolysis oil content, the particle fragmentation degree constantly deepens, and particle fineness constantly increases promptly, constantly promotes pyrolysis in-process heat transfer area, strengthens the solid useless thermal cracking process degree of depth of slag attitude.
The system adopts the moisture on-line monitoring module to measure the moisture of the dried slag-state solid waste, calculates the lowest heat medium temperature when the spiral dryer completely dries the slag-state solid waste, and adjusts the drying temperature of the slag-state solid waste by dynamically adjusting the power of the heat medium heater and the flow of the heat medium. Meanwhile, because the system is also attached with a particle crushing control module, when the particle size of the particles is adjusted, the drying degree of the slag-state solid waste is changed, so that the moisture is further changed, and the drying temperature is dynamically adjusted, the system is a dynamic self-adjusting system, wherein the moisture online monitoring module comprises but is not limited to moisture detection devices such as an online microwave moisture detector and the like.
The system adopts a full-automatic heat value monitoring module to measure the dried solid waste heat value of the slag state, the full-automatic heat value monitoring module comprises but is not limited to a Mettler-Toriledo full-automatic laboratory reaction calorimeter RC1e and a Mettler-Toriledo full-automatic laboratory reaction calorimeter RC1mx, data are transmitted to a data acquisition card after testing, the data are processed by an upper computer, more suitable pyrolysis temperature is intelligently selected according to different solid waste heat values, and generally, a temperature controller in the full-automatic heat value monitoring module only works when the solid waste heat value of the slag state changes by more than 10%.
The thermal cracking reaction module is internally provided with a thermal medium temperature control unit, the thermal medium temperature control unit comprises but is not limited to PID control and MPC control heating power and heat exchange medium gas flow, when the thermal value of the processed slag-state solid waste is changed by less than 10%, the temperature of the thermal medium is unchanged, namely the thermal cracking temperature of the processed slag-state solid waste with the same type and the same thermal value is kept constant, and the thermal medium temperature control unit has the highest module level, preferably, the higher the thermal value of the slag-state solid waste is, the higher the temperature of the thermal medium is.
The particle crushing control module controls the operation power and frequency of the crusher, including but not limited to PID control and MPC control, and the control level of the control module is lower than that of the temperature control unit in the thermal cracking reaction module and higher than that of the heat medium temperature control unit in the multistage drying module.
And a heat medium temperature control unit is arranged in the multistage drying module, the heat medium temperature control unit comprises but is not limited to PID control and MPC control heating power and heat exchange medium airflow, and the multistage drying module dynamically adjusts the drying temperature of the dryer according to the solid waste water content of the slag state at the outlet of the last stage of dryer. Preferably, the multistage drying module preferentially controls the last stage of dryer, the multistage drying module is in a low-temperature range and convenient to regulate, the level of the multistage drying module is lower than that of the thermal cracking reaction temperature control unit and the crushing control module, and the module is in continuous dynamic adjustment.
In this embodiment, the multi-stage drying module employs a screw conveyer including, but not limited to, a single screw dryer, a double screw dryer, etc., and is connected in a multi-stage series connection manner, a screw feeder is connected in front of the first stage screw conveyer, and the last stage screw feeder is connected with a thermal cracking reactor air-lock valve; as shown in fig. 2, the screw feeder comprises a lifting section and the outlet section is connected to the crusher inlet section. As shown in fig. 3, the spiral dryer is a thermal interlayer dryer, and a temperature and pressure measuring device and an emergency slag solid waste outlet are arranged for production safety, the dryers are connected in series in multiple stages, so that drying is repeated, and the outlet of the last stage of spiral transmission dryer is connected with the inlet section of a blower fan of the front end equipment of the thermal cracking reactor. As shown in fig. 4, the crusher is connected in series with the dryer alternately, the crusher includes but is not limited to a jaw crusher, a counterattack crusher, a cone crusher, etc., and the crusher outlet section is connected to a screw conveyor dryer.
In this embodiment, the solid waste feeding device of the system is set as a wind-off machine, as shown in fig. 5, the wind-off machine is a thermal cracking feeding front device, and an outlet of the wind-off machine is connected to the thermal cracking reactor, so as to ensure an oxygen-free state in the thermal cracking process.
In this embodiment, the thermal cracking reactor that thermal cracking reaction module set up is shown in fig. 6, and this thermal cracking reactor contains a plurality of temperature measurement pressure measurement devices and the solid useless export of an urgent slag state, guarantees production safety, and wherein hot medium and the solid useless direct contact pyrolysis of slag state to adopt a plurality of injection point modes can guarantee the heating homogeneity.
As shown in fig. 7, the particle crushing control module includes an automatic weighing machine, a data acquisition card, an upper computer and a controller. The automatic weight-collecting machine is responsible for the mass measurement of pyrolysis oil and residues collected after pyrolysis, and transmits mass change to the data acquisition card, so that the sampling time interval is preferably more than or equal to 3 minutes for industrial application; the data acquisition card is responsible for acquiring and storing data of the automatic weighing machine and is used together with an upper computer; the upper computer is responsible for carrying out conversion processing on the digital signals acquired by the data acquisition card, converting the digital signals into analog signals, comparing the data with the data at the last sampling interval and carrying out calculation by the controller; the controller is responsible for executing the control command of the host computer, adjusting the power and the frequency of the crusher, controlling the crushing degree of the slag-state solid waste and further controlling the thermal cracking process of the slag-state solid waste.
As shown in fig. 8, the moisture online monitoring module is composed of a moisture online detector, a data acquisition card, an upper computer and a controller. The moisture online detector is responsible for online detection of solid waste moisture in a slag state at the outlet of the drying and crushing module, and transmits data to the data acquisition card, so that the sampling time interval is preferably more than or equal to 3 minutes for industrial application and vigorous popularization; the data acquisition card is responsible for acquiring and storing the data of the moisture online detector and is used together with an upper computer; the upper computer is responsible for carrying out conversion processing on the digital signals acquired by the data acquisition card, converting the digital signals into analog signals and calculating to obtain the required minimum drying heat medium temperature; the controller is responsible for executing the control command of the upper computer and dynamically adjusting the temperature of the drying heat medium, and the control process comprises but is not limited to adjusting heating power, adjusting heat medium flow, adjusting heat medium heat exchange quantity and the like.
As shown in fig. 9, the full-automatic thermal value monitoring module is composed of an intelligent calorimeter, a data acquisition card, an upper computer and a controller. The intelligent calorimeter is responsible for carrying out online detection on the solid waste heat productivity of the slag state at the outlet of the drying and crushing module and transmitting data to the data acquisition card, so that the sampling time interval is preferably more than or equal to 3 minutes, and when the heat productivity change amplitude value measured by the calorimeter is less than 10%, the operation is not executed; the data acquisition card is responsible for acquiring and storing data of the intelligent calorimeter and is used together with an upper computer; the upper computer is responsible for carrying out conversion processing on the digital signals acquired by the data acquisition card, converting the digital signals into analog signals and calculating to obtain the temperature of the heat cracking heat-removing medium; the controller is responsible for executing the control command of host computer, adjusts heat medium temperature, and keeps unchanged, and this control process includes but not limited to mode such as adjustment heating power, adjustment heat medium flow, adjustment heat medium heat transfer volume.
In this embodiment, the processing system further includes a discharging module, as shown in fig. 10, the discharging module is a screw discharger, an inlet of the screw discharger is connected to a pyrolysis residue outlet of the spiral thermal cracking reactor, the screw discharger includes a lifting section, an outlet section of the screw discharger is connected to a pyrolysis residue collecting barrel, and the collecting barrel is connected to the weight monitoring system.
The treatment method of the present invention for carrying out the thermal cracking treatment of various solid wastes will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
Taking the treatment of oil sludge with 56% of water content as an example, the system comprises a two-stage crushing and drying unit and a thermal cracking reactor, the system provided by the invention automatically adjusts the thermal cracking temperature to 600 ℃, the drying temperature to 140 +/-10 ℃, and under the condition that the system is dynamically controlled and stably operated, the yield of pyrolysis oil is 23%, the yield of pyrolysis residue is 68%, and the yield of pyrolysis gas is 9%.
Example 2
Taking kitchen garbage with the water content of 71% as an example, the system comprises a three-stage crushing and drying unit and a thermal cracking reactor, the system provided by the invention automatically adjusts the thermal cracking temperature to be 610 ℃, the drying temperature to be 165 +/-10 ℃, and under the condition that the system is dynamically controlled and stably operated, the yield of pyrolysis oil is 17%, the yield of pyrolysis slag is 69% and the yield of pyrolysis gas is 14%.
Example 3
Taking the example of processing the food waste with the water content of 60 percent, the system comprises a two-stage crushing and drying unit and a thermal cracking reactor, the system provided by the invention automatically adjusts the thermal cracking temperature to 585 ℃, the drying temperature to 145 +/-10 ℃, and under the condition that the system is dynamically controlled and stably operated, the yield of pyrolysis oil is 28 percent, the yield of pyrolysis slag is 56 percent, and the yield of pyrolysis gas is 14 percent.
Example 4
Taking the sludge with 86% of water content as an example, the system comprises a three-stage crushing and drying unit and a thermal cracking reactor, the system provided by the invention automatically adjusts the thermal cracking temperature to 670 ℃, the drying temperature to 170 +/-10 ℃, and under the condition that the system is dynamically controlled and stably operated, the yield of pyrolysis oil is 8%, the yield of pyrolysis slag is 87% and the yield of pyrolysis gas is 5%.
Example 5
Taking the treatment of various medical wastes as an example, the system comprises a three-stage crushing and drying unit and a thermal cracking reactor, the system provided by the invention automatically adjusts the thermal cracking temperature to 560 ℃ and the drying temperature to 140 +/-10 ℃, under the condition that the system is dynamically controlled and stably operated, the yield of pyrolysis oil is 7%, the yield of pyrolysis residue is 71%, and the yield of pyrolysis gas is 22%, and the specific treatment effect graphs are shown in (a) and (b) in fig. 11.
Aiming at various slag-state solid wastes with various types, a unified treatment means is not available internationally at present, and although the conventional device part can realize the cooperative treatment of various solid wastes, the degree of automation is low, and operators are dependent on the whole process participation. The full-automatic temperature-regulating pyrolysis system is developed according to different calorific values of different solid wastes after water evaporation, and develops a corresponding control module according to the characteristic that the yield of pyrolysis gas, pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis slag in pyrolysis products is constant when pyrolysis is completed at the same pyrolysis temperature of the same solid waste, so that the heat exchange process in the pyrolysis process can be dynamically adjusted, and the purpose of 'one device with more solid wastes' is realized; in addition, the system runs stably in actual tests, shows good processing capacity for solid wastes from different sources, really achieves the purposes of saving energy and manpower and material resources, runs stably, has good robustness and provides a guidance direction for the solid waste processing industry; the equipment can be widely applied to the treatment of the slag solid wastes in the industries of medical wastes, kitchen wastes after meals, oil sludge, hotel wastes, PCB circuit boards and the like, and has extremely wide market demands.
For the solid waste oil sludge, the heat value provided by the pyrolysis oil gas generated by the pyrolysis of the oil-containing sludge is far larger than the heat required by the thermal cracking for heating (about 1.7 kilowatt-hour), and the heat value is calculated according to the electricity price: 0.80RMB/kW.h, the obtained yield of each ton of oily sludge through thermal cracking is about 1400 yuan, and because the equipment is cracked into an anaerobic environment, the content of carbon dioxide contained in the cracked gas is very low, and the energy consumption of other auxiliary equipment is added, and the estimated obtained yield of each ton of oily sludge treated by adopting an overheat steam anaerobic thermal cracking mode is about 1000 yuan.
Rough estimation of processing cost:
340 yuan/ton of auxiliary agent and material cost;
② the power cost is 20 yuan/ton;
thirdly, the labor cost is 20 yuan/ton;
fourthly, the cost of other invisible materials is 20 yuan/ton;
the total cost is 400 yuan/ton.
In conclusion, by adopting the superheated steam anaerobic cracking technology to treat the sludge with high oil content, 600 yuan can be obtained per ton, and the economic effect is obvious.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. An intelligent thermal cracking treatment method for slag solid waste is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, drying and crushing solid waste to be treated in sequence to obtain dried thermal cracking substances with determined particle size values, respectively monitoring the water content and the heat value of the thermal cracking substances, comparing the water content of the obtained thermal cracking substances with preset water content, adjusting the drying temperature in real time according to the comparison result until the preset water content requirement is met, and setting the thermal cracking temperature according to the heat value of the obtained thermal cracking substances; carrying out thermal cracking reaction on the to-be-thermally cracked substance according to the set thermal cracking temperature to obtain pyrolysis gas, pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis slag, and measuring and recording the quality of the pyrolysis slag or the pyrolysis oil;
s2, changing the particle size of the crushed object to be thermally cracked, repeating the step S1 for multiple times, establishing the relationship between the particle size of the object to be thermally cracked and the quality of the pyrolytic slag or pyrolytic oil, adjusting the particle size of the object to be thermally cracked according to the relationship until the quality of the pyrolytic slag or pyrolytic oil obtained for multiple times under the same particle size is within a preset acceptable floating range, wherein the particle size at the moment is the particle size of the object to be thermally cracked in the required thermal cracking process, so that the particle size of the object to be thermally cracked before thermal cracking is determined, the specific surface area of the object to be thermally cracked in the thermal cracking process is adjusted, and the online intelligent control and adjustment of the thermal cracking process.
2. The intelligent thermal cracking treatment method of solid waste in a slag state as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S1, the solid waste to be treated is one or more of medical waste, broken needle tubes, broken plastics, oily sludge, waste clothes and kitchen waste.
3. The intelligent thermal cracking method of solid waste in a slag state of claim 1, wherein in step S1, the drying and crushing are performed one or more times so that the water content and the particle size of the material to be thermally cracked satisfy preset conditions.
4. The intelligent thermal cracking treatment method of solid waste in a slag state according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the obtained pyrolysis gas, pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis slag are all recovered.
5. The intelligent thermal cracking treatment method of solid waste in a slag state according to claim 1, wherein the fact that the mass of the pyrolysis slag or the pyrolysis oil obtained many times until the mass of the pyrolysis slag or the pyrolysis oil obtained many times at a certain particle size is within a preset acceptable floating range means that the mass of the pyrolysis slag or the pyrolysis oil obtained many times at a certain particle size is varied within a range of 3% to 5%.
6. A processing system applying the intelligent thermal cracking processing method of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the system comprises a multi-stage drying module, a multi-stage crushing module, an online moisture monitoring module, a full-automatic thermal value monitoring module, a particle crushing control module and a thermal cracking reaction module, wherein:
one end of the moisture online monitoring module is connected with the inlet end of the thermal cracking reaction module, the other end of the moisture online monitoring module is connected with the multistage drying module, the moisture online monitoring module is used for monitoring the moisture content of the object to be thermally cracked entering the thermal cracking reaction module, comparing the moisture content with the preset moisture content, and adjusting the drying temperature of the multistage drying module according to the comparison result;
one end of the full-automatic heat value monitoring module is connected with the inlet end of the thermal cracking reaction module, the other end of the full-automatic heat value monitoring module is connected with the multistage crushing module, the full-automatic heat value monitoring module is used for monitoring the heat value of the object to be thermally cracked which enters the thermal cracking reaction module after crushing, and the temperature of thermal cracking in the thermal cracking reaction module is set according to the measured heat value;
one end of the particle crushing control module is connected with the outlet end of the thermal cracking reaction module, the other end of the particle crushing control module is connected with the multistage crushing module, the particle crushing control module is used for monitoring the weight of pyrolysis residues or pyrolysis oil at the thermal cracking outlet end, comparing the weight with a preset condition, adjusting the preset crushing particle size in the multistage crushing module according to a comparison result, and further adjusting the particle size of a to-be-cracked substance entering the thermal cracking reaction module.
7. The processing system of claim 6, wherein said moisture on-line monitoring module controls said multi-stage drying module, said full automatic calorific value monitoring module controls said thermal cracking reaction module, and said particle size reduction control module controls said multi-stage size reduction module using PID or PMC control.
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