DE202012001078U1 - Mounting system for solar modules - Google Patents

Abstract

Mounting system (2), in particular for solar modules (10), comprising at least one rail element (6) and at least one connecting element (8), wherein the rail element (6) extends along a second axis (B) and a first (61) and a second connecting region (64), wherein the connecting element (8) can be arranged in a form-fitting manner on one of the two connecting regions (61, 63) and displaceable along the second axis (B), and wherein the connecting element (8) has at least one passage region (8). 82), by which it by a combination means (84) such with another component (30) is connectable, that between the connecting element (8), the other connection region (61, 63) and the further component (30) a frictional connection and / or a positive connection is achieved.

Description

The present invention relates to a fastening system, in particular for solar modules.

Mounting systems for solar modules are well known in the art. They usually consist of an arrangement of rails and support elements. On these the solar modules are attached. Manufacturer side, the solar modules have holes that are provided for the attachment of the solar modules, for example, on rails or other support elements. The arrangement of the holes, so the hole profile is not subject to standardization or the like, so that the hole spacing and the hole diameter vary from manufacturer to manufacturer. As a result, the fastening holes provided by the manufacturer can generally not be used for fastening the solar modules, since their hole pattern does not match that of the mounting systems for solar modules. As a result, auxiliary structures are used, which entail a sometimes incorrect installation of the solar modules.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a fastening system, in particular for solar modules, which allows uncomplicated attachment of a wide variety of solar module types as well as sizes.

This object is achieved by a fastening system according to claim 1. Further advantages and features of the invention will become apparent from the subclaims and the description and the accompanying figures.

The invention, which incorporates two distinct aspects, provides a structurally simple fastening system to which solar modules can be attached in two directions at completely arbitrary, steplessly adjustable positions - for example on the manufacturer's mounting holes for which there is no standardization. A solar park can thus be built with solar modules from different manufacturers, when using one and the same fastening system.

A further advantage of the invention is that the solar modules can be fastened to the fastening system from below, which means a great deal of ease for the assembly.

According to a first aspect of the invention, the fastening system consists of at least one carrier element and at least one rail element, wherein the carrier element has an extension along a first axis and is provided with at least one adjustment section, wherein the rail element has an extension along a second axis and a fastening side and a connecting side, wherein the fastening side is provided with at least one receiving element, with which the rail element is fastened to the adjustment of the support member, and wherein the connecting side has a median plane which is aligned parallel to the second axis and offset from the center of the receiving element runs.

The fastening system is preferably designed to fasten solar modules. Preferably, the solar modules are mounted on the rail elements, wherein the fastening system preferably comprises a plurality of support elements and rail elements attached thereto. In the case of the solar modules, I usually deal with plate-shaped photovoltaic modules. These are preferably framed, alternatively frameless. This fastening system is particularly preferably suitable for fixed mounting of solar modules, furthermore particularly preferred for use in tilt trackers.

The carrier elements are preferably arranged at least approximately transversely to the rail elements. The support elements extend along a first axis, the rail elements along a second axis. The plane of the first and second axes has an inclination angle desired to maximize solar radiation. Preferably, at least one support element is arranged on a rammed into the ground post or attached to another base, z. B. a roof. Preferably, the arrangement of these posts along the second axis extends such that a plurality of support elements can be fastened. A carrier element is preferably designed as a Z-profile. Preferably, a plurality of these support elements, preferably parallel to each other, arranged. Preferably, at least one adjusting section is arranged in one of the flanges of the carrier element along the first axis. It is advantageous if a plurality of adjusting sections are arranged at regular intervals along the first axis, the series of adjusting sections extending in particular over the entire length of the carrier element, wherein at least one adjusting section is particularly preferably designed as a slot. At the adjustment sections, the at least one rail element by means of its receiving element can be fastened, z. B. by a screw or a clamp.

The rail member has a mounting side and a connection side, which are preferably opposite each other. On the attachment side, the rail element can preferably be fastened with a carrier element, while the solar modules are attached to the connection side. The connection side is preferred with each provided two connection areas on which a connecting element can be arranged. The attachment side in turn is provided with at least one receiving element, which is preferably used to produce a non-positive and / or positive connection with the carrier element, in particular its adjustment. The receiving element is preferably designed as a recess or hole, and preferably over the length of the rail element either a plurality of receiving elements distributed, or the receiving element extends over the entire length, so that the rail element can be secured at arbitrary positions along the second axis on the support element. In this case, each point of the center line of the receiving element parallel to the second axis may be referred to as the "center of the receiving element".

The connecting side has a median plane which extends along or parallel to the second axis, and thus preferably at least approximately transversely to the first axis and perpendicular to the attachment side. This median plane is offset by a distance from the center of the receiving element. Relative to the center of the receiving element, this results in a displacement of the median plane along the first axis. The size of this displacement or this distance is preferably matched to the position and shape of the adjustment sections or slots. This allows a completely stepless adjustment of the rail element on the carrier element along the first axis. Thus, the rail element can be fastened via a fastening means and the receiving element on the adjustment section of the support element, wherein the length of the adjustment section or elongated hole along the first axis is usable for an adjustment. In addition, a further adjustment is realized by rotating the rail member by 180 ° about an axis perpendicular to the first and second axis, characterized in that the center plane is offset by a distance from the center of the receiving element.

As a fastening means for fixing the rail member by the receiving element on the carrier element, at least one hammer head screw is preferably provided, more preferably with a hook head, which allows a positive introduction of the load in the receiving element. A further preferred embodiment provides for the use of rivets or other screw connections or, in general, positive or positive connections.

The use of elongated holes as adjustment ensures maximum stability of the support element. Due to the infinitely variable adjustability of the rail element along the first axis on the carrier element, a rail element can be arranged in any desired manner under a solar module, preferably on the frame or on the edge of the solar module, particularly preferably on the holes provided for attachment, and can be positively and / or positively connected. Preferably, a plurality of rail elements (eg 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6) are preferably arranged parallel to one another on the carrier elements such that one or more rows (eg 2, 3, 4 or 5) of Solar modules can be fastened to the rail elements, such that the rail elements can always be arranged on the holes provided for the attachment of the solar modules.

Preferably, at least one adjusting section is designed as a slot, the maximum extent of which extends along the first axis. Further preferred embodiments have parallel rows of holes offset along the first axis, with their hole patterns overlapping in such a way that likewise a stepless adjustment along the first axis can be represented. In further embodiments, the adjustment section is shown as a groove, in which a rail element along the first axis can be guided. Preferably, the length to width ratio of a slot is in the range of 1 to 4, more preferably 3.08.

More preferably, the receiving element is a along the second axis extending groove or opening in the attachment side. Other embodiments also have sections of openings along the second axis.

Preferably, the receiving element is designed such that the rail element is positively connected by a fastening means and / or non-positively connected to the carrier element by the fastening means the receiving element and the adjustment attached to each other, in particular by both pluggable or both passes through or comprises. Preferred embodiments have as fastening means a hammer head screw, particularly preferably with a hook head. Furthermore, a positive and / or non-positive connection by rivets, terminals etc. can be displayed.

It is advantageous if the distance between two adjustment sections along the first axis corresponds at most twice the distance between the center point of the receiving element transversely to the center plane minus the width of the receiving element in the direction of the first axis. This ensures that the connection side, and thus the solar modules attached to it, can be steplessly positioned along the first axis-even over the distance between two adjustment sections. At the transition between two adjustment sections, the rail element can be rotated by 180 ° for this purpose.

In a preferred embodiment, the distance between two adjustment sections along the first axis is designed such that the center plane of a connection side can be positioned in the region between two adjustment sections, wherein in particularly preferred embodiments, the center plane can be positioned over half of the section located between two adjustment sections. The fact that this positioning is given at each adjustment, a continuous positioning of the rail member along the support member is possible. Preferably, the ratio of the distance between the centers of two successive elongated holes to the length of a slot is in the range of 0.8 to 3, particularly preferably 1.675.

Particularly preferably, the extent of at least one adjusting section in the direction of the first axis corresponds at least twice the distance between the center point of the receiving element transversely to the center plane plus the length of the receiving element in the direction of the first axis.

Preferred embodiments have fastening means whose maximum extension along the second axis corresponds to the maximum extension of the adjustment sections in this direction. In other words, the fastening means, when it is inserted in the carrier element, secured against displacement along the second axis. The fastening means is displaceable only along the first axis.

The rail element is expediently displaceable along the first axis by the shape of the adjusting section on the carrier element in such a manner that the rail element can be fixed in sections on the carrier element in a continuously variable manner. In this case, the shape of the adjustment section along the first axis particularly preferably has an elongated extension. Further preferred embodiments also have adjustment sections which are not exactly parallel to the first axis, but z. B. obliquely. When a fastener is moved in such an adjustment section, the attachment means performs movement along both the first and second axes. It is preferred that after reaching a desired position, the rail element via the fastening means in this position on the support element by force and / or positive connection can be fixed.

Particularly preferably, the center plane of the rail element is completely steplessly arranged on the carrier element by the shape of the rail element in combination with at least one adjustment section along the first axis. While the shape of the adjustment allows only a sectionally continuous adjustment along the first axis, the shape of the rail element allows a completely stepless adjustment of the median plane along the first axis. This is possible by rotating the rail element by 180 ° in the plane spanned by the first and second axes. It is advantageous if the concrete arrangement and spacing of the rail elements on the carrier element before assembly of the fastening system on the basis of the manufacturer's specifications with respect to the solar module or its dimensions is determined. Furthermore, preference is given to the arrangement of a plurality of rail elements along the first axis, a teaching or other means used.

Further preferably, the rail element is made in one piece and made by a forming process, in particular by a sheet-metal roll deformation, made of sheet steel. This allows the highest possible rigidity of the rail with low material usage and low production costs. Preferably, the receiving element and / or the connecting portions of the connecting side are formed by the forming manufacturing process. Particularly preferably, the rail element is made of sheet steel, in which case in particular the lower thermal expansion coefficient compared to, for example, aluminum is advantageous. The distortion of the components is thus very low at high and low temperatures or temperature fluctuations. In order to withstand harsh weather conditions, the steel is preferably processed with a corresponding surface treatment method, for. B. galvanized. In order to ensure longevity and corrosion resistance, the steel sheet is preferably coated before the actual forming process, alternatively also after the forming process. In alternative embodiments of rail elements, the material used is aluminum.

The invention is also directed to a solar module arrangement, comprising a fastening system and at least one solar module, wherein the solar module is rectangular and is arranged with its long side along the second axis, in each case in particular more than two, preferably four, solar modules side by side along the first axis lined up. Said solar module arrangement allows a tighter installation or arrangement of solar module rows, as deliberately shading can be accepted by this positioning of the solar modules. In particularly preferred embodiments, for example, in the worst case, a solar module is shaded while, for example, above arranged solar modules are fully illuminated by the sun.

It is advantageous if the receiving element has such bead-shaped edges that one for a force and / or positive connection With a hammer head screw suitable geometry is formed. Preferably, a hammer head screw is used, which does not have to be fixed specifically when locking, for example with a wrench. From below, the hammer head screw is preferably secured with a corresponding nut. Particularly preferred hammer head screws have a hook head. The receiving element is formed by forming technology such that the hook head surrounds the bead of the receiving element. An advantage is the positive introduction of the load. A fast and secure attachment with minimal use of tools is possible. Further preferred embodiments have a riveted connection.

Particularly preferably, the carrier element is designed as a Z-profile, wherein at least one adjustment section is arranged in at least one of the flanges. The Z-profile is a standard profile and as such both cheap to produce and cheap procured. Also preferred are coated variants. Further preferred embodiments are made of aluminum.

Preferably, the rail element has transversely to the second axis in total a non-symmetrical with respect to the median plane cross-section, in particular a substantially parallelogram-shaped cross-section. Preferably, the side surfaces of this parallelogram, which complete the attachment side and the connection side of the rail element to a complete profile, preferably at an angle of 65 to 85 °, relative to the mounting side, arranged, with the angle of the respective smaller angle of the two angles understood is, which results in relation to the mounting side. Alternatively, the rail element may also have a substantially rectangular cross section, wherein the center of the receiving element is not centered, but is arranged offset from the median plane.

Further preferably, the rail element has on its connection side a first and a second connection region, which extend on both sides of the median plane along the second axis. Preferably, the connecting regions are designed to be identical in such a way that both can be connected both positively and positively and / or non-positively to another element, in particular to a connecting element. Based on the cross-sectional profile of the rail element, the connecting regions are preferably designed as projections on both sides of the center plane, which preferably lie in the plane of the fastening side. Particularly preferably, the supernatants are produced by a metal-forming manufacturing process. Particularly preferably, the rail element is made in one piece. In further embodiments, the different functional areas of the rail element are arranged in different components.

Further preferably, the connection areas are each formed as suitable for positive and / or non-positive protrusions.

The receiving element may in turn be formed as a slot having a maximum extent along the first axis, whereby the rail member along the first axis is displaceable and wherein at least one adjusting portion of the support member provides no displacement of the fastener in this along the first axis. Preferred embodiment of the rail element thus has a sectionally continuous adjustment along the first axis. By adopting this function in the receiving element, at least one adjustment section can be designed such that no displacement of a fastening means along the first axis in this is possible. Furthermore, a fastening means by the receiving element and the adjustment portion plugged in such a way that the support member and rail element are non-positively and / or positively connected.

According to a further embodiment, the rail element is infinitely displaceable along the first axis by a fastening means, which in the direction of the first axis has a smaller maximum extent than the receiving element in the direction of the first axis. Thus, a displacement of the rail member along the first axis is achieved by a preferably compared to the extension of the receiving element in the direction of the first axis rather thin fastener. In other words, the rail element is thus displaceable along the first axis in that a fastening means which is preferably thin compared to the receiving element of the rail element and / or to the adjustment section of the carrier element is used. The term "thin" means that a displacement of the receiving element and thus of the rail element along the first axis can be displayed, with such a fastening means also a positive and / or frictional connection can be achieved.

The first aspect of the invention is also directed to a support member and a rail member of the fastening system described above.

According to a second aspect of the invention, the fastening system comprises at least one rail element and at least one connecting element, wherein the rail element extends along an axis, the second axis, and a first and a second connecting region wherein the connecting element can be arranged in a form-fitting manner on one of the two connecting regions and displaceable along the second axis, and wherein the connecting element has at least one passage region, by which it can be connected by a combination means with another component such that between the connecting element, the other connecting region and the other component, a frictional connection and / or a positive connection is achieved.

The fastening system is preferably designed to fasten solar modules. The solar modules are usually plate-shaped photovoltaic modules. These are preferably framed, alternatively frameless. This fastening system is particularly preferably suitable for fixed mounting of solar modules, furthermore particularly preferred for use in tilt trackers.

The rail element preferably has a fastening side and a connecting side, the connecting side preferably again having two connecting regions. At the connection areas, a connecting element is positively and positively and / or non-positively attachable. The connecting element provides at least one passage region, which serves the positive and / or non-positive connection with another component, wherein the further component is preferably a solar module or a terminal for fixing a solar module. It is advantageous that the connecting element and thus the passage region can be displaced along the second axis, since the connecting regions preferably have a constant cross section over the length of the rail element. As a result, the passage region can be positioned directly below a mounting hole of a further component, particularly preferably a solar module.

Preferably, a solar module is attached via at least one connecting element on at least one rail element such that between the rail element, the connecting element and the solar module, a positive connection and a positive and / or adhesion is achieved. The positive and / or positive connection - preferably clamping closure - is achieved by a combination means introduced into the passage area. Preferably, the combination means is a screw with a corresponding nut, particularly preferably a rivet. This passage region in the connecting element preferably opens directly next to the connecting region, so that the combining agent exerts its clamping effect on it by means of a flat region, in particular by means of a broad head or a washer.

As described above, the rail elements are preferably arranged on carrier elements, which are aligned transversely to the rail elements along a first axis. The plane of the first and second axes has an inclination angle desired to maximize solar radiation. A fastening system preferably comprises a plurality of rail elements, connecting elements and combination means, wherein various embodiments of connecting elements, some of which are described later, can be used with the same type of rail element.

Preferably, the combination means is a screw or a rivet. Preferably, at least one M8 screw with appropriate nut is installed. Alternatively, preferably at least one rivet is installed. The advantage of a rivet connection is, in addition to a quick mountability especially the high theft protection.

Further preferably, the geometry of the passage region is adapted to the combination means used such that, for example, in the case of an M8 screw, the passage region preferably has a diameter of 8.5 mm.

More preferably, the first and second connecting portions are designed identically so that both are positively connected to the connecting element as well as positively and / or non-positively connected to another component. The connection regions are preferably designed as planar projections with respect to a plane defined by the first and second axes, in particular the plane of the connecting side of the rail element. It is advantageous that although the rail element is preferably asymmetrical in cross-section, the first and second connection regions have a symmetry relative to one another. As a result, a rotation of the rail on a plane spanned by the first and second axes plane by 180 ° is possible. Preferably, the connecting portions are made integrally with the rail member by a forming manufacturing process.

More preferably, the positive connection of the connecting element with one of the connecting regions is designed such that the connecting element at least partially surrounds one of the connecting regions, for. Example, by a hook-shaped cross-sectionally curved end portion, wherein the hook may have a slight undercut. The positive connection may also include a slight terminal closure, which in any case holds the weight of the connecting element. It is also conceivable a plug connection between the connecting element and connection area. It is advantageous that no perfect fitting connection is needed here, because on the other side of the rail member, the other connection region, preferably a non-positive connection is made. Preferably, the positive connection is designed such that a displacement of the connecting element along the second axis on the rail element is initially possible. Due to the displaceability along the second axis, the existing mounting holes of the solar module, which are for example specified by the manufacturer, can be used.

It has advantages if the one of the connecting regions, which is in positive engagement with the connecting element, seen from a located below the support element ground level, the upper one is. This is advantageous if the plane of the first and second axis has a desired to maximize solar radiation angle of inclination, because then the connecting element on the rail element is more or less suspended. However, the connecting elements can also be plugged the other way around on the rail elements, especially if the positive connection also easily clamped. In a fastening system usually many fasteners are used, which can be plugged anywhere. In particular, if a rail element is used with asymmetrical cross-section, it may be advantageous aufzustecken the connecting elements so that the side on which the combination means must be introduced, is as accessible as possible. At the beginning, it is particularly preferable to hook in as many connecting elements as are required for fastening the desired solar modules. This facilitates and accelerates the assembly.

Preferably, the frictional connection and / or positive connection of the connecting element with one of the connecting regions and a further component is achieved in that the combination means clamps the further component, one of the connecting regions and the connecting element to one another. Preferably, the combination means is a screw, more preferably a rivet. The combination means preferably clamps the solar module, the connecting element and the rail element in such a way that a displacement of the solar module or of the connecting element along the second axis is no longer possible.

Preferably, the frictional connection and / or positive connection of the connecting element with at least one further component on the shape of the combination means can be displayed, characterized in that the combination means is designed in such a flat surface in at least one contact area, that a clamping action between the rail element, the connecting element and the further element achievable is. In a preferred embodiment, a combination means is inserted through the passage region of the connection element, which is arranged directly next to the edge of the connection region, so that the planar contact region of the combination means with the connection region is in the force or clamp connection. Alternatively, the frictional connection and / or positive connection can be represented by at least one second connecting element, which surrounds or covers the further component and / or a connecting region in such a way that a clamping effect can be achieved by the combination means. The second connecting element is preferably a washer, which on the one hand between the combination means and the rail element, on the other hand between the combination means and the further component allows a non-positive or positive connection.

According to a preferred embodiment, the further component is a clamp for fastening one of a solar module. In a preferred embodiment, the clamp has a geometry corresponding to the geometry of the solar module. As mentioned, framed solar modules, particularly preferred but also frameless solar modules can be used. It is advantageous if the clamp is particularly preferably provided with the use of frameless solar modules preferably with a rubber or foam padding, in particular to protect a frameless solar module against scratching, for example during assembly.

It is advantageous if the connecting element has at least a second passage region along the second axis such that, in addition to a further component, at least one additional further component can be fixed. Preferred embodiment thus allows the attachment of at least two other components, in particular solar modules, with a connecting element. Alternatively preferred is also the embodiment with only one passage region, which is designed as a slot, the maximum extent of the slot along the second axis.

It is also of great advantage if at least one of the passage regions along the second axis is embodied as a slot, so that an additional further component can be fixed in sections in sections along the second axis. This makes it possible to freely position additional additional components, in particular solar modules, along the second axis in sections. It is also of great advantage that, for example, different hole distances of different solar module manufacturers can be taken into account.

Particularly preferably, the connecting element essentially forms approximately transversely to a plane, which is spanned by the first and second axis, at least one projection, with which at least one additional further component, in particular a solar module, can be positively connected. Preferably, the supernatant and the connecting element are made in one piece. Height and shape or the geometry in general of this supernatant are preferably adapted to the shape of the further component, in particular to the frame of a solar module or the thickness of a frameless solar module.

• • Zunächst werden Verbindungselemente in vorher festgelegten Abständen – bevorzugt ungefähr an das herstellerseitig vorgegebene Lochprofil der Solarmodule angepasst – an mehrere Schienenelemente formschlüssig eingehängt;
• • dann werden die Solarmodule jeweils an ihren unteren Kanten in die Überstände eingesetzt, wobei sie jeweils an ihrer oberen Kante auf Verbindungselementen auf dem nächsthöheren Schienenelement aufliegen, wobei möglichst bereits ein vorgegebenes Befestigungsloch im Solarmodul mit dem Durchgangsbereich eines Verbindungselement fluchtet;
• • Zum Schluss werden in die Durchgangsbereich aller Verbindungselemente Kombinationselemente eingebracht, insbesondere genietet, so dass nun alle Verbindungselemente fest mit dem jeweiligen Schienenelement und mit dem darauf aufliegenden Solarmodul verbunden sind.

An advantage for the mountability of such fastening systems is that the positive connection of the connecting element with the additional additional component can be amplified by utilizing the weight of the additional additional component. Seen from a located below the support element ground level from so that the further component, particularly preferably the solar module, can be used from above into this supernatant. The weight of the solar module is thus usable for positive locking. If the rail elements are thus arranged at intervals that correspond to the edge length of the solar modules, so that in each case two solar modules are adjacent to one another on a rail element, the following mounting method is possible:

• • First, connecting elements in predetermined intervals - preferably adapted approximately to the manufacturer's default hole profile of the solar modules - hooked form-fitting to several rail elements;
• • then the solar modules are each inserted at their lower edges in the supernatants, each resting on its upper edge on connecting elements on the next higher rail element, wherein possibly already a predetermined mounting hole in the solar module is aligned with the passage region of a connecting element;
• At the end, combination elements are introduced, in particular riveted, into the passage region of all connecting elements, so that now all the connecting elements are firmly connected to the respective rail element and to the solar module resting thereon.

In particular, if the use of the supernatants is not practical, because z. B. broader solar modules are delivered as planned, the following embodiment of the connecting elements is particularly advantageous, but which is also applied otherwise. In this case, the connecting element has at least one further passage region, which is offset relative to the first passage region along the first axis, that is, in the middle region of the connecting element. By means of this, it can be directly positively and / or non-positively connected with at least one additional further component by a further combination means. In this way, an additional further component, particularly preferably a solar module or a terminal for solar modules, can be fastened to a single connecting element without the use of a projection. The use of a plurality of further passage regions along the first axis has the advantage that the distance between the two solar modules is adjustable relative to one another. This makes it possible to arrange solar modules with the shortest possible distance, which is particularly advantageous for optimum use of area. Due to the fact that the solar modules are fastened exclusively to their mounting holes arranged on the underside of the manufacturer, and no components or projections project beyond the surface of the solar modules, snow can slide off in an ideal manner and the full area or performance of the solar module is maintained.

In this embodiment, it is expedient for the assembly, first to attach the necessary connecting elements to the manufacturer-side mounting holes of the solar modules, specifically on these through-holes in the central region of the connecting element. Thereafter, all solar modules can be hung with their lower edges on the hook-shaped areas of the connecting elements on the rail elements, and finally, in a further step, the fasteners are firmly bolted or riveted to the rail elements and the upper edges of the solar modules.

Conveniently, the connecting element and / or the rail element are formed such that the head of a combination means can be arranged between them, characterized in that the connecting element and / or the rail element form a free space in which the head of the combination means can be arranged. This free space is preferably advantageous in the region of the further passage areas just mentioned, because this means that the connecting element can still be displaced along the second axis even if it is already connected to a further component, particularly preferably to a solar module, as described above. Preferably, the connecting element has recesses in order to receive the head of the combination agent, particularly preferably a screw or a rivet. In a further preferred embodiment, the connecting region of the rail element is designed by recesses such that the head of the combination means can be received.

Particularly preferably, at least one further component is a solar module, wherein a solar module is rectangular and is arranged with its long side along the second axis, in particular, more than two solar modules are juxtaposed along the first axis. Said solar module arrangement allows a tighter installation or arrangement of solar module rows, as deliberately shading can be accepted by this positioning of the solar modules. In particularly preferred embodiments, for example, in the worst case, a solar module is shaded while, for example, above arranged solar modules are fully illuminated by the sun.

It is advantageous that at least one combination means is guided through a hole provided for fastening a frame of a solar module. This is made possible by the stepless arrangement of the connecting element along the second axis. This makes it possible to position the passage areas of the connecting element exactly where the manufacturer-side attachment of the solar modules are provided. This is especially important for any warranty claims. The mounting holes of the other components, in particular the solar modules, specified by the manufacturer are preferably used. Alternatively preferably, a positive and / or non-positive connection takes place at least in the region in which the manufacturer, the attachment of the further component, in particular of the solar module, is provided.

Further advantages and features will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments of the fastening system according to the invention with reference to the accompanying figures. Individual features of the individual embodiments can be combined with each other within the scope of the invention.

Show it:

1 a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the fastening system according to the invention with a plurality of solar modules;

2 an enlarged view of a preferred embodiment of the fastening system according to the invention as a schematic diagram;

3a a cross section through a fastened on a support member rail element in a first arrangement;

3b a cross section through the fastened on a support member rail element of 3a in a second arrangement;

3c a cross section through the fastened on a support member rail element of 3a in a third arrangement.

4 a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the fastening system according to the invention

5 a cross section of another preferred embodiment of the fastening system according to the invention transversely to the second axis

6a a longitudinal section of a preferred embodiment of the connecting element according to the invention

6b a plan view of two preferred embodiments of the connecting element according to the invention

6c a plan view of a further preferred embodiment of the connecting element according to the invention

7 an arrangement of a further preferred embodiment of the fastening system according to the invention transversely to the first axis

8th a cross section of another preferred embodiment of the fastening system according to the invention transversely to the second axis, with a connecting element having a projection

9 a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the fastening system according to the invention with a plurality of arranged solar modules

10 a view of a preferred embodiment of the fastening system according to the invention, with a connecting element having four passage areas

11 a view of a preferred embodiment of the fastening system according to the invention, with a connecting element which has a projection and is connected via a terminal with another component

1 shows a preferred embodiment of the fastening system according to the invention, in particular for solar modules 10 consisting of at least one support element 4 and two rail elements mounted transversely thereon 6 , wherein the carrier element 4 an extension along a first axis A and the rail element 6 has an extension along a second axis B. In 1 shown preferred embodiment is a solar module 10 on two rail elements 6 . which in turn of two support elements 4 being held. The carrier elements 4 are preferably beam carrier with Z-profile, wherein in a flange of the Z-profile, a number of adjustment sections 42 is arranged along the first axis A. At least one adjusting section is preferred 42 as a slot 44 executed. Between the solar module 10 and the rail elements 6 are at the joints connecting elements 8th appropriate. The rail elements are preferred 6 positioned along the axis A such that via the connecting elements 8th the mounting holes of the solar modules 10 are usable.

2 shows the arrangement of the rail element 6 on a support element 4 , which are fastened together where there is a receiving element 66 in the attachment side 62 of the rail element 6 with an adjustment section 42 overlaps. The center plane E and the distance x of the center plane E to the center of the receiving element 66 is presented, layed out. In the cross section of the rail element 6 are the connection areas 61 and 63 carried out as supernatants. They serve a positive or force and / or positive connection with a connecting element 8th , on which in turn a solar module 10 is fastened. The rail element 6 extends along the second axis B, transverse to the first axis A. Furthermore, the adjustment extend 42 or oblong holes 44 also along this first axis A. 2 shows in the attachment area 62 of the rail element 6 the receiving element 66 which is formed in this embodiment as a round hole, of which a row extends along the axis B, in further particularly preferred embodiments as a continuous opening or groove, which extends along the second axis B, is formed.

3a shows a fastening system 2 in section transverse to the second axis B. The one-piece rail element shown in cross section 6 , which has been made of sheet metal by a forming process, has joint areas 61 and 63 and a, at the edges of a bead-shaped formed receiving element 66 , This in 3 illustrated fastening means 68 , here screw and nut, connects the rail element 6 with the carrier element 4 positive and non-positive. The length x denotes the distance x of the center point of the receiving element 66 to the plane E, which is the median plane of the connection side 64 is.

3b shows another view of the 3a known preferred embodiment, in which the position of the median plane E is arranged in the same place, as in 2a , wherein the fastening means 68 , compared to 3a , next, in this case in the right, adjustment section 42 is arranged. It takes the fastener 68 a position far left in the adjustment section 42 one. Show this 3b as by the shape of the rail element 6 the space between the adjustment sections 42 along the first axis A can be bridged when the rail element 6 rotated by 180 °. In that the fastener 68 in turn steplessly in the adjustment section 42 can be determined, starting now from the position of the plane E in 3b , the plane E are pushed into the position in 3c is shown.

3c further shows an embodiment of the fastening means 68 in the form of a hook-headed screw. Here, the receiving element is designed so that the shape of the hook head screw in combination with the geometry of the receiving element, in particular the bead-shaped edges, allows a positive connection.

4 shows a preferred embodiment of the fastening system according to the invention 2 , in particular for solar modules 10 consisting of a rail element 6 and a connecting element 8th , wherein the rail element 6 extends along a second axis B and a first 61 and a second 63 Connecting portion, wherein the connecting element 8th at one of the two connection areas 61 . 63 can be arranged positively and along the second axis B is displaceable, and wherein the connecting element 8th at least one passageway 82 by which it is replaced by a combination agent 84 such with another component 10 connectable is that between the connecting element, the other connection area 61 . 63 and the other component 10 a frictional connection and / or a positive connection is achieved. 1 further shows that the connection side 64 of the rail element 6 two connection areas 61 . 63 has, which form substantially the same geometry. This ensures that the rail element 6 on a plane which is spanned by a first axis A and the second axis B, is rotatable by 180 °. The (pure) positive connection between the connecting element 8th and the connection area 61 is achieved by the fact that the connecting element 8th the connection area 61 at least partially encloses, with a hook or U-shaped section. The force or positive connection between the combination agent 84 , the connecting element 8th and the rail element 6 is about second fasteners 88 pictured here as washers 88 are executed. So that the lower head of the combination agent 84 over the washer 88 a terminal connection with the connection area 63 can produce, the end portion of the connecting element is thickened on this side, so that it has approximately the same thickness as the connecting portion 63 and the middle portion of the connecting element together. In order to are the rail element 6 , the connecting element 8th and another component, for. B. a solar module 10 , clamped to each other. As the passage area 82 of the connecting element 8th next to the edge of the connection area 63 is located, it can be positioned exactly at a desired location along the second axis B, especially where the solar module is to be attached. As a combination agent 84 it is preferable to use a screw or a rivet.

5 shows a further embodiment of the fastening system according to the invention 2 in a sectional view transverse to the second axis B. Here is the combination agent 84 a rivet. The rivet heads are designed so large area that on the use of a second connecting element 88 for the non-positive and / or positive connection of the rail element 6 , the connecting element 8th and the solar module 10 can be waived. Of great advantage is that the mounting holes of the solar module 10 , are usable. Next shows 4 a preferred embodiment of the connecting element 8th for the positive connection with one of the connection areas 61 . 63 of the rail element 6 , It can be seen that the positive connection of the connecting element 8th around the connection area 61 does not have to be completely without play. In the right area of the 5 in which the transit area 82 of the connecting element 8th one sees, that the wall thickness of the end portion of the connecting element 8th to the wall thickness of the connection areas 63 adapted so that around the passage area 82 and the connection area 63 around a flat area is created, which is suitable for a positive and / or non-positive connection.

6 shows a longitudinal section of a preferred embodiment of the connecting element 8th and the arrangement of the passage area 82 , The wall thickness to the right of the passage area 82 of the connecting element 8th is thickened and thus to the wall thickness of a possible connection area 61 . 63 adapted such that a positive and / or positive connection with a combination means 84 is possible. The left part of the connecting element 8th in 6 shows that for achieving the positive connection with the rail element 6 selected hook-shaped geometry. The 6b and 6c show further preferred embodiments of the connecting element according to the invention 8th in its plan view, wherein the passage areas 82 on the one hand as a round hole, alternatively designed as a slot. 6d shows an embodiment of the connecting element according to the invention 8th , wherein at least two passage areas 82 are included, wherein at least one of the passage areas 82 is designed as a slot. Two passageways 82 are usable, two solar modules on a single connection element 8th to fix. The use of elongated holes has the particular advantage that differently sized solar modules or solar modules of different manufacturers, which have different dimensions, can be used. The design of the passageway area 82 allows both the use of screws, as well as rivets.

7 shows an embodiment of the connecting element 8th along the second axis B, with two solar modules 10 . 30 with in this case a single connector 8th are attached to the rail element. For the non-positive and / or positive connection of the rail element 6 with the connecting element 8th and the other components 10 . 30 are preferably the same combination of agents 84 used, for example, rivets. However, it is also possible to use different combination agents 84 , in particular screws (right) and rivets (left). 7 shows an embodiment of the connecting element according to the invention 8th with two passage areas 82 , which are designed as round holes. Embodiments with elongated holes, which are a positioning of the solar modules, are also preferred 10 . 30 allows each other. This can be the smallest distances between the solar modules 10 . 30 be achieved. This is of particular advantage in order to realize the greatest possible area utilization. Furthermore, protective or snow deposits between the solar modules can be achieved by using the shortest distances between the components 10 . 30 be prevented.

8th shows a further embodiment of the fastening system according to the invention 2 for solar modules 10 , wherein the connecting element 8th with a passage area 82 and a supernatant 81 is executed. The supernatant 81 is formed such that a positive connection with another element 30 , in particular a solar module 10 , is representable. Next shows 8th an oblique arrangement of the entire fastening system 2 consisting of the carrier element 4 , the rail element 6 and the connecting element 8th as it is used in reality. Of great advantage is the use or the use of positive connections. So can the connecting element 8th at the connection area 61 of the rail element 6 be used positively and is displaceable along the second axis B. Next is the solar module 10 in the supernatant 81 used. By exploiting the weight of the solar module 10 is achieved without a further adhesion already a certain stability, which is particularly in the assembly of great advantage.

9 shows a further embodiment of the fastening system according to the invention 2 for solar modules 10 , Along the first axis A, a rail element extends 4 , which along the axis A with Verstellabschnitten 42 that are here as longholes 44 are executed, is provided. Along the rail element 4 are several rail elements 6 , of which only one is shown, arranged. The attachment side 62 of the rail element 6 which is a receiving element 66 can, via a fastener 68 , in 9 not shown, on the support element 4 be positively and / or positively connected. In a preferred embodiment, the longer side of a solar module extends 10 each along a rail element 6 , so that each two solar modules 10 come to rest with their edges on a rail element, so they can be fastened with the connecting elements according to the invention in the manner described above at any intervals. Of great advantage is that the fasteners 8th thus an attachment of the solar modules 10 allow at the manufacturer provided for mounting holes. These are the fasteners 8th on the rail element 6 steplessly arranged along the second axis B. A stepless adjustment along the first axis A results from a positioning of the rail element 6 on the carrier element 4 , This is a completely stepless adjustment of the fastening system 2 to the solar module 10 given.

10 shows a further embodiment of the fastening system according to the invention 2 for solar modules 10 , Here are - next to the passage area 82 - three further passage areas 83 in the middle region of the connecting element 8th intended. Further embodiments have several or even fewer passage areas. In this middle area is the space between the connecting element 8th and the rail element 6 is designed such that the head of one in one of the passage area 83 introduced combining agent 84 between the connecting element 8th and the rail element 6 can be arranged. The system, consisting of a solar module 30 and the connecting element 8th , so it stays on the rail element 6 displaceable. Preferably, the non-positive and / or positive connection of the in 10 illustrated solar module 30 with the connecting element 8th before the actual attachment to the rail element 6 , In other words, first the connecting element 8th to the in 10 shown further component 30 fixed so that the two components later as a whole on the rail element 6 via the positive connection with the rail element 6 can be arranged. Multiple passage areas 83 are intended to reduce the distance between several solar modules 10 to be able to adjust. In 10 For example, the use of the further left still free passage area would be 82 possible. Alternatively, it is also possible at one of the passage areas 83 fix a clamp (not shown) in which solar modules can be inserted and thereby mounted. The connecting element 8th is designed such that it creates space by removing material for the head of the fastener 84 ,

11 shows a further embodiment of the fastening system according to the invention 2 for solar modules 10 , In a preferred embodiment, as a further component instead of a solar module s terminal 86 attached to the connecting element. the clamp 86 allows the force and / or positive connection with a solar module 10 , here a frameless module. Furthermore, the clamp 86 equipped with a rubber or foam pad to the solar panel 10 not to damage. In the illustrated embodiment, the supernatant 81 also designed such that another component 30 in the form of a frameless solar module 10 can be arranged.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10

solar module

2

fastening system

30

another component, for. B. solar module

4

support element

42

adjustment section

44

Long hole

6

rail element

61

first connection area

62

mounting side

63

second connection area

64

Links page

66

receiving element

68

fastener

8th

connecting element

81

Got over

82

Passage area

83

Passage area

84

combining means

86

clamp

88

second connecting element

A

first axis

B

second axis

e

level

x

distance

Claims (19)

Fastening system ( 2 ), in particular for solar modules ( 10 ), comprising at least one rail element ( 6 ) and at least one connecting element ( 8th ), wherein the rail element ( 6 ) extends along a second axis (B) and a first ( 61 ) and a second ( 63 ) Connection area ( 64 ), wherein the connecting element ( 8th ) at one of the two connection areas ( 61 . 63 ) can be arranged in a form-fitting manner and along the second axis (B) is displaceable, and wherein the connecting element ( 8th ) at least one passage area ( 82 ), by which it is replaced by a combination agent ( 84 ) in such a way with a further component ( 30 ) is connectable that between the connecting element ( 8th ), the other connection area ( 61 . 63 ) and the further component ( 30 ) a frictional connection and / or a positive connection is achieved. Fastening system ( 2 ) according to claim 1, wherein the combining agent ( 84 ) is a screw or a rivet. Fastening system ( 2 ) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first ( 61 ) and second ( 63 ) Connection areas are designed so that both are both form-fitting and positive and / or non-positively with another component ( 30 ) are connectable. Fastening system ( 2 ) according to one of the preceding, wherein the positive connection of the connecting element ( 8th ) with one of the connection areas ( 61 . 63 ) is designed such that the connecting element ( 8th ) one of the connection areas ( 61 . 63 ) at least partially encloses. Fastening system ( 2 ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the one of the connection areas ( 61 . 63 ), which in positive engagement with the connecting element ( 8th ), of a below the support element ( 4 ) seen ground level, the upper one is. Fastening system ( 2 ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the adhesion and / or positive connection of the connecting element ( 8th ) with one of the connection areas ( 61 / 63 ) and another component ( 30 ) is achieved by combining the combining agent ( 84 ) the further component ( 30 ), one of the connection areas ( 61 / 63 ) and the connecting element ( 8th ) is stuck together. Fastening system ( 2 ) according to claim 1 to 6, wherein the frictional connection and / or positive connection of the connecting element ( 8th ) with at least one further component ( 30 ) at least on the form of the combination agent ( 84 ), in that the combination agent ( 84 ) Is executed in such a flat in at least one contact area, that a clamping action can be achieved. Fastening system ( 2 ) according to claim 1 to 7, wherein the adhesion and / or positive connection with at least one further component ( 30 ) via at least one second connecting element ( 88 ) can be represented, characterized in that the second connecting element ( 88 ) the further component ( 30 ) and / or a connection area ( 61 / 63 ) at least partially so encloses and / or at least so flatly covered that by the combining means ( 84 ) A clamping action can be achieved. Fastening system ( 2 ) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the further component comprises a clamp ( 86 ) for fixing a solar module ( 10 ). Fastening system ( 2 ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the connecting element ( 8th ) such at least a second passage area ( 82 ) along the second axis (B) that in addition to another component ( 10 ) at least one additional additional component ( 30 ) is determinable. Fastening system ( 2 ) according to claim 10, wherein at least one of the passage regions ( 82 ) is designed as a slot along the second axis (B) such that an additional further component ( 10 ) is continuously adjustable in sections along the second axis (B). Fastening system ( 2 ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the connecting element ( 8th ) transversely to the second axis (B) at least one supernatant ( 81 ), with which at least one additional additional component ( 30 ) is positively connected. Fastening system ( 2 ) according to claim 12, wherein the positive connection of the connecting element ( 8th ) with the additional additional component ( 10 ) by utilizing the weight of the additional additional component ( 10 ) is amplifiable. Fastening system ( 2 ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the connecting element ( 8th ) at least one further passage area ( 83 ), by which it is connected to at least one further component ( 30 . 86 ) directly positively and / or non-positively by another combination means ( 84 ) is connectable. Fastening system ( 2 ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the connecting element ( 8th ) and / or the rail element ( 6 ) are shaped such that the head of a combination agent ( 84 ) is arrangeable between them, characterized in that the connecting element ( 8th ) and / or the rail element ( 6 ) form a free space in which the head of the combination agent ( 84 ) can be arranged. Fastening system ( 2 ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one further component ( 30 ) a solar module ( 10 ), wherein the solar module ( 10 ) is rectangular and is arranged with its long side along the second axis (B), in particular, more than two solar modules ( 10 ) are juxtaposed along the first axis (A). Fastening system ( 2 ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one combination agent ( 84 ) through a provided for fastening hole of a frame of a solar module ( 10 ) is guided. Fastening system ( 2 ) according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising at least one carrier element ( 4 ), wherein the carrier element ( 4 ) has an extension along a first axis (A) and with at least one adjustment section ( 42 ), wherein the rail element ( 6 ) has an extension along a second axis (B) and a fastening side ( 62 ) and a connection page ( 64 ), wherein the fastening side ( 62 ) with at least one receiving element ( 66 ) is provided, on which the rail element ( 6 ) on the adjustment section ( 42 ) of the carrier element ( 4 ) is attachable, and wherein the connecting side ( 64 ) has a center plane (E) which is aligned parallel to the second axis (B) and offset by a distance (x) to the center of the receiving element ( 66 ) runs. Connecting element ( 8th ) for use in a fastening system ( 2 ) according to any one of the preceding claims.

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