DE202011102652U1 - Laminated timber profile for the production of doors and windows and doors and windows made with this profile - Google Patents

Abstract

Profile made of glued laminated timber for the production of doors and windows, comprising - at least two outer layers (4) made of wood of at least one type of wood; and - at least one inner layer (5) which is inserted between the at least two outer layers (4) and is made of a heat-insulating material which has a lower coefficient of thermal conductivity than the wood of the at least one type of wood; wherein the at least one inner layer (5) is attached to the at least two outer layers (4) by gluing; characterized in that the insulating material is alder wood.

Description

field of use

The present invention relates to a glulam profile for the manufacture of doors and windows and to doors and windows made with this profile according to the preamble of the respective independent claims. The relevant glulam profile thus falls within the scope of the manufacture of doors and windows and is intended to be used in particular for the manufacture of wooden doors and windows characterized by a low heat transfer coefficient.

State of the art

In the field of door and window manufacturing, in recent years, the need to market high-performance products in terms of thermal insulation has become particularly important.

In this sense, many efforts have been made to develop doors and windows characterized by low heat transfer coefficients that are in line with the energy efficiency requirements set by recent regulations on the rational use of energy and energy saving in buildings.

In addition to the traditional wooden doors and windows, therefore, doors and windows made of other materials such as aluminum, or made by joining two or more materials, or otherwise made from profiles including one or more include several inner layers of insulating material.

For example, doors and windows made of aluminum with thermal break, which are made from an aluminum extruded profile, which is provided with an inner chamber in which an insulating material such as polyamide or foamed polyurethane is housed, which serves to heat transfer between the inner and outer surfaces of the doors and windows.

However, although such doors and windows are particularly weather-resistant, they have heat transfer coefficients that exceed the values that conventional wooden doors and windows have, as the reference provisions themselves state. Moreover, aluminum doors and windows are aesthetically less valued by users as they favor the more natural appearance of the wood.

To overcome these disadvantages, doors and windows have been developed that are made of wood and aluminum. Specifically, these doors and windows have a wooden support frame and an aluminum outer panel fastened to the frame with fasteners such as screws.

But even with these doors and windows has been shown in practice that they are not free of disadvantages.

First and foremost, their manufacture is structurally complex and therefore requires high manufacturing costs. Further, because of the different behavior of the wood and the aluminum under mechanical or thermal stress, it proves to be particularly difficult to realize a stable bond between the two materials. In particular, because of the different thermal expansion of wood and aluminum in the cladding of aluminum, a plurality of expansion joints must be provided, which serve to accommodate the greater extent of the aluminum compared to the wood. These joints can be the cause of annoying noises due to seating, especially in the summer months when there are large temperature differences between daytime and nighttime hours.

For the reasons set out above and due to the growing interest of users in organic farming and in environmentally friendly and sustainable materials, the use of natural materials, ie. H. especially of wood, in the manufacture of doors and windows continue to be preferred. In recent years, in particular, doors and windows have been widely used, made from glulam profiles consisting of two or more wooden boards glued together, generally of the same type of wood. The doors and windows made with these profiles are, in contrast to the solid wood doors and windows, more dimensionally stable and deform less as a result of variations in temperature and / or humidity.

In order to produce doors and windows with low heat transfer coefficients, the family of coniferous wood species are preferably used, which have a low thermal conductivity. However, the presence of resin in the wood of these species makes it difficult to glue the boards obtained from them, that is, it makes it difficult to produce glulam profiles which are reliable and durable. First Recently, profiles characterized by low heat transfer coefficients have been marketed for the manufacture of doors and windows which have one or more inner layers of insulating material with a low coefficient of thermal conductivity.

A profile of this latter known type, for example, in the patent EP 0865559 described. This profile has a heat insulating inner layer made of a foamed and hard polymer material such as a polyurethane foam, which is protected by two outer lining layers, which are made for example of wood. The main disadvantage of this profile is that the outer layers and the inner layer are difficult to disassemble and therefore do not allow the separate utilization of the materials that make up the layers after the doors and windows have been put out of use. Moreover, the processing waste of the profile described above can not be treated in the same way as the waste of the profiles made entirely of wood. The polyurethane is a potentially toxic plastic which consequently requires dedicated disposal.

Another disadvantage of the profile described above, because of the different nature of the materials, is the difficulty of finding an adhesive that can be applied to both materials, i. H. both on the polyurethane and on the wood, well-bonded.

Finally, the profile has no uniform mechanical behavior. In particular, the profile could irreversibly plastically deform due to the low compressive strength of the layer of polyurethane due to possible shocks. Another example of a profile for the production of low heat transfer coefficients characterized doors and windows, which has one or more inner layers of insulating material, is in the patent EP 1 239 109 described.

This profile comprises an inner layer made of a cork agglomerate, which is inserted between two layers of wood and glued with these by means of hot pressing.

Also, this last-mentioned profile of known type has proven to be not free from disadvantages in practice.

A first disadvantage is the difficulties in producing the profile itself. Namely, the cork agglomerate has a low compressive strength, which does not allow high pressures to be exerted on the layers during the phase of bonding. Consequently, it is not possible to guarantee the perfect adhesion between the layers, which can therefore be released during the subsequent phases of processing the profile or in the built-in finished doors and windows.

Further, if the cork agglomerate is not sufficiently compact, that is, has considerable porosity, large amounts of glue are required to ensure interlayer adhesion, which increases the cost of producing the profile and increases the volatile organic compound emissions of the profile brings. Another disadvantage of this last-mentioned profile known type because of the brittleness and the low mechanical strength of the layer of cork agglomerate in the difficulty to edit the profile precisely with cutting, milling or drilling activities precisely.

Presentation of the invention

The primary object of the present invention is therefore to remedy the disadvantages disclosed by the solutions of known type and to provide a glulam profile for the manufacture of doors and windows characterized by a low heat transfer coefficient. Another object of the present invention is to provide a glulam profile for the manufacture of doors and windows that has substantially uniform mechanical behavior and can be easily and precisely machined.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a glulam profile for the manufacture of doors and windows, the processing waste of which can be easily disposed of.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a glulam profile for the manufacture of doors and windows that can be manufactured in a simple and economical manner.

Another object of the present invention is to provide doors and windows made with the above profile characterized by a low heat transfer coefficient.

Another object of the present invention is to provide the above profile To provide manufactured doors and windows that are dimensionally stable, mechanically resistant and completely reliable in terms of their operation.

Another object of the present invention is to provide doors and windows made with the above-mentioned profile, which can be easily installed and maintained, and which can be easily disposed of after being put out of use.

Brief description of the drawings

The technical features of the invention according to the above-mentioned objects will become clear from the content of the claims below and the advantages thereof will become more apparent from the following detailed description made with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are purely exemplary and not restrictive Embodiments of her represent and in which:

1 shows a schematic view of a cross section of an inventive profile of glulam according to a first preferred embodiment;

2 shows a schematic view of a cross section of an inventive profile of glued laminated timber according to a second preferred embodiment;

3 shows a detail of a sectional view from above of a door or a window, which is the subject of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT With reference to the figures of the accompanying drawings, they were incorporated in their entirety 1 the subject glulam profile for the manufacture of doors and windows and with 2 a door or window made with this profile. The inventive profile of glulam 1 is especially intended for the manufacture of doors and windows 2 to be used, which are characterized by a low heat transfer coefficient. Specifically, the profile is made of glued laminated timber 1 intended, in particular, to be formed by cutting and milling operations, around the frame of a door or a window 2 manufacture.

With particular reference to the attached figures, the profile comprises of glulam 1 two or more outer layers 4 , preferably 2 outer layers 4 made of wood of one or more wood species. Preferably, the outer layers 4 made of wood of a single species of wood.

The profile 1 further comprises one or more inner layers 5 between the outer layers 4 inserted and made of a thermally insulating material. In particular, this heat-insulating material has a thermal conductivity which is lower than the thermal conductivity of the wood of the type of wood or wood species with which or the outer layers 4 are made. The inner layer 5 is on the outer layers 4 attached by gluing.

The outer layers 4 and the inner layers 5 are preferably planar and extend along a preferred direction Z.

According to the idea underlying the present invention, the heat-insulating material is alder wood, which belongs to the family of hardwoods. The use of one or more inner layers 5 made of alder wood between two outer layers 4 of wood, surprisingly has disclosed a thermal insulation capacity higher than the capacity of the wood belonging to the same family of hardwoods and even higher than the thermal insulation capacity of some of the family of conifers such as yew and fir. In addition, the alder wood combines the optimum thermal insulation capacity with good mechanical properties, especially in comparison with the mechanical properties of the family of conifers belonging wood species and is therefore a particularly suitable material for the production of doors and windows, which have low heat transfer coefficients.

Advantageously, the type of wood belongs to the production of the outer layers 4 of the profile 1 Also, the family of deciduous trees is used so that it has a morphological structure as well as anatomical and processing characteristics that are similar to the morphological structure as well as the alder wood's anatomical and working characteristics.

The combination of two types of wood, both of which belong to the family Laubholzer, proves to be particularly favored. Because these types of wood have a similar cell structure, d. H. they consist of cells of the same type, which can fulfill the same functions. This makes these types of wood compatible in technical terms and has a positive effect on their processing.

In particular, the bonding of these types of wood by glueing proves to be simple and particularly stable, since one and the same adhesive has a substantially equal adhesive strength on the wood of these types of wood. Furthermore, the latter have the same degree of compatibility with a same paint.

The use of wood belonging to the hardwood species for the connection with the alder wood is preferable to the use of wood belonging to the softwood species. The hardwood is free from circumscribed knots and resin and therefore has better mechanical properties and can be glued easier. Furthermore, the species belonging to the family of conifers are more easily split than deciduous species because of their cell structure, ie they tend to split more easily. The combination of layers of wood belonging to softwood species and of layers of wood belonging to hardwood species, therefore, does not prove to be equally stable.

Specifically, the response to thermohygrometric and / or mechanical type stresses of the hardwood species family proves to be for the production of the outer layers 4 is used as compatible with the reaction of alder wood to the same stresses.

The profile of glued laminated timber 1 that the above outer layers 4 and inner layers 5 Therefore, it has a substantially uniform mechanical behavior and can be processed easily and precisely. In particular, it may, for example, undergo cutting, milling or drilling operations without its layers deforming or yielding. Because of the essentially uniform behavior of the profile 1 Furthermore, there is only a minimal risk that it due to the effect of thermal or mechanical stresses on the profile to detachments between the outer layers 4 and the inner layers 5 comes.

According to a preferred embodiment of the inventive profile of glulam 1 are the outer layers 4 made of oak wood. Because this type of wood has a good impact resistance and a medium to high hardness, has optimal resistance properties and is aesthetically appreciated by users.

The joining of one or more inner layers 5 made of alder wood with two outer layers 4 made of oak wood therefore allows the production of a profile made of glued laminated timber 1 , which has the mechanical, aesthetic and resistance properties of oak wood and at the same time is characterized by good thermal insulation properties, which is the inner layer 5 made of alder wood.

The alder wood has a good mechanical compressive strength, the secure bonding of the layers 4 and 5 allows each other.

The inventive profile of glulam 1 namely by gluing the inner layers 5 and the outer layers 4 produced by hot pressing. Advantageously, for this purpose, an adhesive of the stress group D3 or D4 according to Standard EN 204 used to ensure optimum durability of the profile 1 is guaranteed even when it is exposed to the weather.

The good compressive strength of the inner layer 5 or the inner layers 5 made of alder wood, while gluing the layers, it is also possible to reach pressures of 8 kg / cm ² (if the layers of alder wood are connected to layers of oak), thus ensuring the perfect adhesion of the outer layers 4 on the inner layers 5 is ensured without squeezing the fibers of the wood that make up the layers.

Furthermore, the amount of adhesive required is a stable and permanent gluing of the inner layers 5 made of alder wood with the outer layers 5 to ensure particularly low (preferably less than 180 g / m ² ) and belongs to the glulam made of glued laminated timber of the emission class E1 according to Standard EN 717-2 / 94 at.

Advantageously, the outer layers 4 of the profile 1 the same thickness s ₂ on and the inner layer 5 of alder wood has a thickness s ₁ which is at least equal and preferably greater than the thickness s ₂ of each of the outer layers 4 is. If the profile 1 several inner layers 5 These have a total thickness s ₁ which is at least equal and preferably greater than the thickness s ₂ of each of the outer layers 4 is.

Advantageously, the inner layer 5 a total thickness of at least 20 mm and preferably at least 30 mm and more preferably at least 48 mm.

According to a first and a second preferred embodiment of the inventive profile of glued laminated timber 1 that in the 1 respectively 2 to be illustrated includes the profile 1 two outer layers 4 made of oak wood and two inner layers 5 made of alder wood.

Specifically, according to the in 1 illustrated first embodiment, each outer layer 4 from oak wood preferably a thickness s ₂ of 21 mm and have the two inner layers 5 a total thickness s ₁ of 31 mm, each having a thickness of 15.5 mm. The profile of glued laminated timber 1 according to the first embodiment has a total thickness s of 73 mm and has a heat transfer coefficient of less than 1.51 W / (m ² · K).

According to the in 2 illustrated second preferred embodiment of the inventive profile of glued laminated timber 1 has every outside situation 4 from oak wood preferably a thickness s ₂ of 21 mm and have the inner layers 5 of the profile 1 a total thickness of 48 mm, each one each has a thickness of 24 mm. The profile of glued laminated timber 1 according to the second embodiment has a total thickness s of 90 mm and a heat transfer coefficient of less than 1.26 W / (m ² · K).

Preferably, the inner layer 5 in turn made of glulam, that is, it is made from a variety of elongated lamellae made of alder wood, which are connected by gluing together. Preferably, these elongated lamellae are connected together at their ends along the vein of the wood by finger joints, also referred to as "finger joints".

In this way it is possible to optimize the yield of the raw materials and the quality of the production of the inner layers 5 of the profile 1 used alder wood in the best possible way to choose. The elongated slats intended for the manufacture of the inner layers 5 That is, they are obtained from the alder wood by eliminating any defects present in it and, in particular, by removing the typical knots of the wood which have the mechanical and thermal insulating properties of the inner layer 5 could reduce.

The present invention also relates to doors and windows 2 Starting from a glulam profile 1 of the type described to date.

Specifically, as the description proceeds, doors and windows will be described later 2 such as, for example, a window, a door, a French window, a skylight, or the like, which conventionally form a window frame 6 which is intended to be fixed in an opening in a wall of a building, and a sash 7 Cover that from the frame 6 is worn and is suitable for opening and closing the doors and windows 2 to allow.

The frame 6 usually has the shape of a rectangular enclosure defining a layer plane. This level is the installation level of the doors and windows 2 and has an inner, ie towards the work space of the building side facing and an outer, ie directed to the external environment of the building side. The sash frame 7 surrounds an opening that with a multi-pane insulating glass 3 can be closed, but it is true that the sash 7 not even with a multi-pane insulating glass 3 but may be provided with a plate of any other material which can be arranged to close its opening without, therefore, going beyond the scope of the present patent application. If the casement 7 is not necessary rests the possible multi-pane insulating glass 3 directly on the frame 6 ,

The frame 6 and the sash frame 7 have their own frame 8th , based on the inventive profile of glulam 1 is made. In particular, the frame comprises 8th two parallel posts connected by two cross beams, all starting from a glulam profile 1 are made for this purpose by cutting and Frätätigkeiten. In addition, the posts and the cross members are the frame 8th are rigidly interconnected by per se conventional fasteners such as mounting brackets, screws, tie rods, etc., and the ends of the uprights and cross members are shaped to mate when connected. The connection thus made between the posts and cross members has no gaps.

The frame 8th has an inner surface 11 and one of the inner surface 11 opposite outer surface 12 , In particular, it comprises an inner section 9 , the inner surface 11 and is exposed on the inside of the plane and is visible, and an outer portion 10 that the outer surface 12 and is exposed on the outside of the plane and is visible.

The surface of the inner surface 11 and the surface of the outer surface 12 of the frame 8th that are visible belong only to the outer layers 4 of the profile 1 ,

In particular, there are the inner section 9 and the outer section 10 advantageously entirely made of wood for the production of the outer layers 4 of glulam profile 1 selected type of wood and preferably entirely made of oak.

The doors and windows 2 Therefore, they have a uniform appearance and indicate the type of wood from which the outer layers 4 of the profile 1 exist, their own mechanical properties and resistance properties.

To ensure the greatest possible durability of the doors and windows 2 to ensure that is the external situation 4 of glulam profile 1 that is destined to the outer surface 12 the doors and windows 2 to define, advantageously monolithic, thus consists of a single wooden plate.

The outer surface 12 of the frame 8th the doors and windows 2 is exposed to the weather conditions and repeated temperature jumps after their installation. Therefore, there is after long periods of operation the possibility that the slats, which may be the outer layer 4 of the profile 1 form the outer surface 12 the doors and windows 2 defined, have no optimal adhesion to each other.

According to a first preferred embodiment of the doors and windows 2 has the frame 8th a thickness of 70 mm and is based on a profile made of glued laminated timber 1 made, which has one or more inner layers 5 (preferably two inner layers 5 ) having a total thickness s ₁ substantially of 31 mm. The doors and windows constructed according to this first preferred embodiment have one according to Standard UNI EN 12142-2 determined by the hot room method determined heat transfer coefficient of less than 1.51 W / (m ² · K).

According to a second preferred embodiment of the doors and windows 2 has the frame 8th a thickness of 85 mm and is based on a profile made of glued laminated timber 1 made, which has one or more inner layers 5 (preferably two inner layers 5 ) having a total thickness s ₁ of at least 48 mm. The doors and windows constructed according to this second preferred embodiment have one according to Standard UNI EN 12142-2 determined by the hot room method specific heat transfer coefficient of less than 1.28 W / (m ² · K).

These heat transfer coefficients measured in the doors and windows according to the first and second preferred embodiments have proved to be far lower than the heat transfer coefficients measured on doors and windows of the same geometry made from glulam profiles made entirely of oak. Specifically, the heat transfer coefficient of doors and windows has 2 According to the second preferred embodiment, which have a thickness of 85 mm, surprisingly proved to be about 11% lower than the heat transfer coefficient of doors and windows made with a completely made of oak wood profile of the same thickness and with the same number of layers ,

Furthermore, the heat transfer coefficient of doors and windows has 2 According to the first preferred embodiment, which have a thickness of 70 mm, surprisingly proved to be about 4% lower than the heat transfer coefficient of doors and windows with a completely made of oak wood profile of glued laminated timber of greater thickness, ie with a thickness of 85 mm , and were made with the same number of layers.

Advantageously, the total thickness s _{1 of} the inner layers 5 of glulam profile 1 Starting from which the frame 8th the doors and windows 2 according to the first preferred embodiment, substantially equal to the thickness of the multi-pane insulating glass 3 or the thickness of the multi-pane insulating glass 3 and between the frames 8th and the multi-pane insulating glass 3 for sealing the latter inserted silicone beads.

That's the inner layer 5 made of alder wood, if the doors and windows 2 are closed, seamlessly with the multi-pane insulating glass 3 arranged and forms with this latter a barrier that the heat transfer between the inner surface 11 and the outer surface 12 the doors and windows 2 between the interior of the building and the outside environment of the building.

The thus conceived invention therefore fulfills the tasks set. Of course, in its practical implementation, it can also assume other shapes and forms than those set out above, without, therefore, going beyond the present scope of protection. Furthermore, all components may be replaced with technically equivalent elements and the shapes, dimensions and materials used may be as required.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• EP 0865559 [0012]
• EP 1239109 [0014]

Cited non-patent literature

• Standard EN 204 [0042]
• Standard EN 717-2 / 94 [0044]
• Standard UNI EN 12142-2 [0062]
• Standard UNI EN 12142-2 [0063]

Claims (16)

Laminated timber profile for the manufacture of doors and windows, comprising - at least two outer layers ( 4 ) made of wood of at least one kind of wood; and - at least one inner layer ( 5 ) between the at least two outer layers ( 4 ) and made of a heat-insulating material having a lower thermal conductivity than the wood of at least one species of wood; wherein the at least one inner layer ( 5 ) on the at least two outer layers ( 4 ) is secured by gluing; characterized in that the heat-insulating material is alder wood. Profile made of laminated timber according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one species belongs to the family of hardwoods. Profile made of laminated timber according to claim 2, characterized in that the at least one belonging to the family of deciduous wood species is oak. Profile made of laminated timber according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least two outer layers ( 4 ) have the same thickness (s ₂ ) and that the at least one inner layer ( 5 ) has a total thickness (s ₁ ) at least equal to the thickness (s ₂ ) of each of the at least two outer layers ( 4 ). Profile made of laminated timber according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one inner layer ( 5 ) has a minimum thickness of 20 mm. Profile made of laminated timber according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one inner layer ( 5 ) has a minimum thickness of 30 mm. Profile made of laminated timber according to claim 6, characterized in that the at least one inner layer ( 5 ) has a thickness of substantially 31 mm and that the profile is made of glulam ( 1 ) has a heat transfer coefficient of less than 1.51 W / (m ² .K). Profile made of laminated timber according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one inner layer ( 5 ) has a minimum thickness of 48 mm. A laminated timber profile according to claim 8, characterized in that it has a heat transfer coefficient of less than 1.26 W / (m ² · K). Profile made of laminated timber according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one inner layer ( 5 ) is made of a plurality of blades made of alder wood, which are connected by gluing together. Doors and windows made with a glulam profile according to any one of the preceding claims and having at least one frame ( 8th ) based on this glulam profile ( 1 ) and an inner surface ( 11 ) and an outer surface ( 12 ), characterized in that the visible surfaces of this inner surface ( 11 ) and this outer surface ( 12 ) of this framework ( 8th ) only said at least two outer layers ( 4 ). Doors and windows according to claim 11, comprising: - a frame ( 6 ) intended to be fixed in the opening in a wall of a building; - one of the frame ( 6 ) worn sash ( 7 ), which bounds an opening and with a multi-pane insulating glass ( 3 ) is provided for closing this opening; this frame ( 6 ) and this sash ( 7 ) with the frame ( 8th ) are provided; wherein the at least one inner layer ( 5 ) of the glulam profile ( 1 ) has a thickness of substantially 31 mm; characterized in that the frame ( 8th ) has a heat transfer coefficient of less than 1,51 W / (m ² · K) determined by the hot-room method in accordance with standard UNI EN 12412-2. Doors and windows according to claim 11, comprising: - a frame ( 6 ) intended to be fixed in the opening in a wall of a building; - one of the frame ( 6 ) worn sash ( 7 ), which bounds an opening and with a multi-pane insulating glass ( 3 ) is provided for closing this opening; this frame ( 6 ) and this sash ( 7 ) with the frame ( 8th ) are provided; wherein the at least one inner layer ( 5 ) of the glulam profile ( 1 ) has a thickness of at least 48 mm; characterized in that the frame ( 8th ) has a heat transfer coefficient of less than 1.28 W / (m ² · K) determined by the hot-room method in accordance with standard UNI EN 12412-2. Doors and windows according to claim 11, characterized in that the at least one Inner layer ( 5 ) of the glulam profile ( 1 ) has a thickness substantially equal to the thickness of the multi-pane insulating glass ( 3 ). Doors and windows according to claim 11, characterized in that the at least one inner layer ( 5 ) of the glulam profile ( 1 ) has a thickness substantially equal to the thickness of the multi-pane insulating glass ( 3 ) and the silicone caterpillar is between the frame ( 8th ) and the multi-pane insulating glass ( 3 ) are arranged. Doors and windows according to claim 11, characterized in that the outer layer ( 4 ) of the glulam profile ( 1 ), which serves the outer surface ( 11 ) of the frame ( 8th ) is monolithic.

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