DE202011002686U1 - The building masses and hollow bodies exposed to the influences of the environment - Google Patents

Abstract

The building masses and hollow bodies exposed to the influences of the environment, which have different temperatures inside, depend on the one hand on the temperature acting from the outside and on the other hand on the energy stored inside or supplied by heating or cooling, characterized by the surfaces of the building masses and hollow bodies covering or coatings inherent in the building masses and hollow bodies themselves, integrated or directly adjacent to their surfaces, which consist of a compound with reversible thermochromic properties, which uniformly changes from an absorbing state to a reflecting state as the temperature rises.

Description

The invention relates to the influences of the environment exposed building masses and hollow bodies, which have different temperatures inside, on the one hand depend on the externally applied temperature and on the other hand, from the energy stored inside or supplied by heating or cooling. The building masses include in particular houses and other structures, such as roads or bridges, the hollow bodies include in particular vehicles of all kinds, but also clothing and shoes.

The greater the temperature differences between the environment and the interior of the building mass or hollow body, the more energy is required to reach a desired temperature at a certain location, for example in the middle of the building mass or hollow body.

It is well known that articles with dark, especially black, surfaces become very hot from solar radiation because the radiation is absorbed and converted into heat. In contrast, the radiation is partially or completely reflected by bright or even reflecting surfaces, so that the objects under these surfaces accordingly warm little or not at all.

Since the outwardly directed surfaces of building masses or hollow bodies generally do not change, the heating of the building masses or hollow bodies in the immediate vicinity of these surfaces depends essentially only on the ambient conditions, in particular on the intensity of the solar radiation. However, inside the building masses or hollow bodies, for example in the midst of the living spaces of a building or a vehicle, the temperature is essentially determined by the energy supplied by heating or cooling.

The invention is based on the object, building masses or hollow body of the type mentioned, for example, the walls, roofs or facades of a house or the bodies of vehicles to be designed so that the temperature differences are reduced within the building masses or the hollow body to less Energy supply for heating or cooling to get along, whereby the emission of climate-damaging carbon dioxide is lowered.

This object is achieved with the features of the characterizing part of claim 1.

Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the subclaims.

The advantages achieved by the invention are in particular that saved by the heat balance between the internal temperature and the outside temperature within the building masses or hollow body heating or cooling energy and thereby the emission of climate-damaging carbon dioxide is lowered. In addition, due to the lower temperature fluctuations, the building fabric of the building masses is spared, so that less damage occur, such as from the walls sloping plaster, or frost heaves, such as bridges and roads.

Some embodiments of the invention will be described in more detail below.

A building mass exposed to the influences of the environment, for example a building, or a hollow body, for example a vehicle, an airplane, a railroad car or a ship, which have different temperatures inside, on the one hand from the temperature acting on the outside and on the other hand are stored inside or supplied by heating or cooling energy is provided with a surface of the building mass or the hollow body covering or with a belonging to the building mass or the hollow body itself, directly adjacent to the surface of the coating consisting of a compound with thermochromic properties which, as the temperature increases, from an absorbing or dark colored state, evenly to a reflective or light colored or colorless state.

The individual colors and gradations within the color scale from bright (in strong sunlight or at high temperature = reflective) to dark (in low sunlight or at low temperature = absorbing) can be precisely defined for design reasons.

The following situations in architecture will be explained in more detail below.

1. Cold weather, 0 ° C, sunshine weak, desired room temperature 21 ° C.

This results in a high temperature difference and thus high energy flow from the inside to the outside, d. H. heat more.

The heating energy is reduced by a very dark color coating, the sun-weakly irradiated surface is heated by absorption and thus the temperatures between the outer building masses and the inner space parts are at least partially compensated.

2. Very warm weather, 35 ° C, sunshine strong, desired room temperature 21 ° C.

This results in a high temperature difference and thus high energy flow from outside to inside, d. H. to cool more.

The cooling energy is reduced by a very bright color coating, the sun-irradiated area is heated slightly due to the reflection and thus the temperatures between the inner space parts and the outer building mass are at least partially compensated.

3. Medium climate, outside temperature 22 ° C, medium sunshine, desired room temperature 21 ° C.

This results in a very low or no temperature difference and thus a small or no flow of energy from outside to inside, d. H. no heating, no cooling.

This small temperature difference brings little or no energy loss between inner and outer building masses. In this situation, the coating must also have a very light color, so that by reflection, a heating of the wall is prevented by the solar radiation.

The following situations in the vehicle sector will be explained in more detail below.

In the entire vehicle sector on land, water, air and in space (cars, trucks, trains, ships, aircraft, space travel), the surfaces are exposed to the extreme loads caused by the effects of the environment and strong solar radiation. Thus, the interior heats up strongly in strong sunlight, especially in dark exterior paintwork. This leads to warm interiors with physical impairments and thus to the increased use of air conditioning. In contrast, it is pleasant in the winter to climb in a car, which is slightly pre-tempered by its absorption capacity of even low levels of sunlight, since heated air can absorb more moisture and thus less problems with, for example, fogged windows occur.

An application of the invention is also possible with coverings of the outer traffic areas, in particular on roads, carriageways or bridges. Thus, for example, in winter frost heaves on roads, roadways and on bridges can be avoided or at least mitigated and the usage properties can be improved.

Another application of the invention is also conceivable in the textile industry, where the effect of absorption and reflection can be usefully used to protect, for example, the body from cooling or overheating by external influences. Particularly suitable is the field of sportswear, especially alpine sports, because of the extreme weather conditions, such as when climbing or skiing. The textiles may be coated with an appropriate substance, or the substance may be incorporated into the tissue.

• a) eine Elektronen abgebende, chromatische, organische Verbindung,
• b) eine Elektronen anziehende Verbindung,
• c) ein Reaktionsmedium, das die Temperatur bestimmt, bei der die Farbreaktionen der Komponente a mit der Komponente b stattfinden, und
• d) einen Farbveränderungstemperaturregulator, der in einer Menge von 0,01 bis 0,3 Gewichtsteilen pro Gewichtsteil des Reaktionsmediums c vorhanden ist und der mindestens einen Ester, einen Alkohol, ein Keton, ein Säureamid, einen Kohlenwasserstoff oder eine Fettsäure umfasst und einen Schmelzpunkt (Y) (°C) aufweist, der die Beziehung (X + 30) kleiner oder gleich Y kleiner oder gleich 200 erfüllt,

worin X (°C) der Schmelzpunkt der Komponente c ist, wobei der Farbveränderungstemperaturregulator d ein aliphatischer Ester, ein aliphatischer Alkohol, ein aliphatisches Keton, ein aliphatisches Säureamid oder eine gesättigte Fettsäure ist.For example, a coating having the desired reversible thermochromic properties consists of a compound having a microencapsulated pigment composition and comprises

• a) an electron donating, chromatic, organic compound,
• b) an electron attracting compound,
• c) a reaction medium which determines the temperature at which the color reactions of component a with component b take place, and
• d) a color change temperature regulator which is present in an amount of 0.01 to 0.3 parts by weight per part by weight of the reaction medium c and which comprises at least one ester, an alcohol, a ketone, an acid amide, a hydrocarbon or a fatty acid and a melting point ( Y) (° C) which satisfies the relationship (X + 30) less than or equal to Y less than or equal to 200,

wherein X (° C) is the melting point of the component c, wherein the color change temperature regulator d is an aliphatic ester, an aliphatic alcohol, an aliphatic ketone, an aliphatic acid amide or a saturated fatty acid.

Further details about the chemical composition of a coating suitable for the invention can be found in the European patent specification EP 1 084 860 B1 be removed.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• EP 1084860 B1 [0024]

Claims (4)

The building masses and hollow bodies exposed to the influences of the environment, which have different temperatures inside, depend on the one hand on the temperature acting from the outside and on the other hand on the energy stored inside or supplied by heating or cooling, characterized by the surfaces of the building masses and hollow body covering or coatings inherent in the building masses and hollow bodies themselves, integrated or directly adjacent to their surfaces, which consist of a compound with reversible thermochromic properties, which uniformly changes from an absorbing state to a reflecting state as the temperature rises. Building masses and hollow bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that the compound evenly changes from a colored state in a colorless state and with decreasing temperature of a colorless state evenly in a colored state with increasing temperature. Building masses and hollow bodies according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the compound consists of a microencapsulated pigment composition and comprises: a) an electron donating, chromatic, organic compound, b) an electron attracting compound, c) a reaction medium which determines the temperature at which the color reactions of component a with component b take place, and d) a color change temperature regulator which is present in an amount of 0.01 to 0.3 parts by weight per part by weight of the reaction medium c and which comprises at least one ester, an alcohol, a ketone, an acid amide, a hydrocarbon or a fatty acid and a melting point ( Y) (° C) satisfying the relationship (X + 30) less than or equal to Y less than or equal to 200, wherein X (° C) is the melting point of the component c. Building masses and hollow bodies according to claim 3, characterized in that the color change temperature regulator d is an aliphatic ester, an aliphatic alcohol, an aliphatic ketone, an aliphatic acid amide or a saturated fatty acid.