DE202009015089U1 - Rotor-rudder device - Google Patents

Abstract

A rotor rudder device for generating a lateral force on a ship, having a rotor rotatable about a rotation axis and protruding from the hull in an operating position for interacting with the hull surrounding water and displaceable in a rotational movement about the rotation axis for producing a lateral force, characterized in that the rotor (31) is pivotably arranged about a pivot axis (33) on a receiving box (32) to be arranged on the hull (10) for receiving the rotor (31), the rotor (31) being in the operating position from the receiving box (32) pivoted out and in a storage position in the receiving box (32) is arranged, wherein the rotor (31) is made of a composite material.

Description

The The invention relates to a rotor rudder device for producing a Transverse force on a ship according to the preamble of claim 1.

A such rotor-rudder device has a rotatable about an axis of rotation to be arranged on a ship's hull rotor, which in an operating position to interact with the hull surrounding water from the hull protrudes and for generating a transverse force in a rotational movement the axis of rotation is displaceable.

conventional are used to generate a lateral force on a ship in particular for maneuvering a ship in the harbor so-called bow thruster used that over one in a tubular Passage in the hull arranged at the bow of the ship, rotating Propeller generate a transverse force and thereby a transverse movement allow for maneuvering the ship. By changing the Direction of rotation of the propeller can change the direction of force and the bow of a ship across, for example, to a quay wall be moved towards or away from a quay wall.

Such Bow thrusters have the disadvantage that they are large Flow velocities of the water relative to the ship's hull, ie when driving ahead of the ship or in strong currents, lose their effect. So are conventional bow thrusters at a flow rate of greater as 2.5 knots practically ineffective.

Instead of bow thrusters and so-called rotor rudder are used, as for example from the US 1,697,779 , of the US 4,576,581 or the NL 1008950 C are known. These rotor rudders have a rotor in the form of a rotating cylinder and generate a transverse force by utilizing the so-called Magnus effect. The rotor is arranged here with its axis of rotation vertically or almost vertically on the hull below the waterline and rotates to generate a transverse force in the water. If, for example, the water flows past the rotor as a result of an advance of the ship or as a result of the flow of water over ground, the rotor interacts with the water and generates a transverse force transversely to the flow direction of the water during a rotational movement about the axis of rotation due to frictional effects. This is due to the fact that the water flows around the rotor faster on one side than on the other. This results in a force on the rotor towards the side where the flow velocity of the water is greater.

Rotor-rudder have the advantage of being able to handle even at high flow rates are effective and therefore also when the ship or strong Currents of water are used over ground can.

at conventional rotors, the rotors are made of metal, especially stainless steel, what the rotors - at massive training - difficult and expensive to manufacture.

task The present invention is directed to a rotor rudder device create that is easy and inexpensive to manufacture and especially suitable for controlling large ships is.

These The object is achieved by an object having the features of the claim 1 solved.

According to the invention while the rotor is formed of a composite material.

• – Teilchenverbundwerkstoffe, auch als Dispersionswerkstoffe bezeichnet,
• – Faserverbundwerkstoffe,
• – Schichtverbundwerkstoffe, auch als Laminate bezeichnet,
• – Durchdringungsverbundwerkstoffe.

As a composite material is referred to a material of two or more connected materials. The geometry of the composite is different

• Particle composites, also referred to as dispersion materials,
• - fiber composites,
• Laminated materials, also referred to as laminates,
• - Penetration composite materials.

The Components of a composite material can themselves Composites. For particle and fiber composites are particles or fibers in another component of the composite, the so-called matrix, embedded. In fiber composites For example, the fibers may be in one or more particular directions or preferred directions. Fiber composites can also be produced in layers. Laminated composites consist of superimposed layers of different numbers. The special case of three layers, two of which are identical outer layers, is also referred to as sandwich composite. For penetrating composites form the individual components for each coherent, open-pored materials. They are, for example, by watering one open-pored sintered material (for example a foamed ceramic) made with a molten second fabric.

Out the material classification of materials into polymers (plastics), Metallic, ceramic and organic materials result in the basic combinations for Composite materials, wherein the materials for achieving advantageous Material properties can be combined.

• – Metallmatrix-Verbunde (MMC), z. B. borfaserverstärktes Aluminium,
• – Faserzement (z. B. „Eternit”) oder Faserbeton,
• – kohlefaserverstärktes Siliciumcarbid,
• – eigenverstärkte Thermoplaste (Kunststofffasern in Kunststoffmatrix der gleichen Zusammensetzung),
• – Faser-Kunststoff-Verbunde, z. B. kohlenstofffaserverstärkter Kunststoff (CFK), glasfaserverstärkter Kunststoff (GfK), aramidfaserverstärkter Kunststoff (AFK) oder naturfaserverstärkter Kunststoff (NFK).

Advantageously, the rotor is made of a fiber composite material. Examples of fiber composites include:

• - Metal matrix composites (MMC), z. B. Borfaserverstärktes aluminum,
• Fiber cement (eg "Eternit") or fiber concrete,
• Carbon fiber reinforced silicon carbide,
• - self-reinforced thermoplastics (plastic fibers in plastic matrix of the same composition),
• - Fiber-plastic composites, z. As carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP), glass fiber reinforced plastic (GRP), aramid fiber reinforced plastic (AFK) or natural fiber reinforced plastic (NFK).

Especially advantageous due to the achievable material properties here the use of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFK: C for carbon = carbon), which is a fiber-plastic composite in which carbon fibers, e.g. In several layers, be embedded as reinforcement in a plastic matrix. The matrix can be made of duromers, for example epoxy, or off Thermoplastics exist. The orientation of the fibers can be layered vary and in the longitudinal or circumferential direction of the rotor.

Of the Rotor can advantageously be considered as a cylinder with an axial Longer from 1 m to 5 m, preferably 2 m to 4 m, and a Diameter of 0.5 m to 2 m, preferably 1 m to 1.5 m formed be. By comparison with conventional rotor rudder devices comparatively large design of the rotor is the rotor-rudder device as well suitable for large ships with a hull length of greater than, for example, 130 m. The cylindrical one Rotor can be solid or hollow inside the way of a pipe be educated. The latter training leads to a clear Weight reduction.

The Effect of the rotor-rudder device is based on the friction of the rotating Rotor with the water flowing past the rotor. Thereby, that recesses or grooves to adjust the surface friction of the rotor in the outer surface of the cylindrical rotor can be molded, the friction of the rotor be adjusted with the water to the force of the rotating Rotor to influence in an advantageous manner. The wells can be designed as subsidence or holes and over the outer surface be distributed to the rotor. The grooves can be in axial Direction along the outer surface run the rotor and molded in the manner of grooves in the lateral surface be. It is also conceivable, the outer surface roughening the rotor (microscopically) to give the friction properties to adapt to the rotor.

Of the Rotor can in an advantageous embodiment of an on the Ship hull to be arranged, designed to receive the rotor Be arranged receiving box, wherein the rotor about a pivot axis is pivotable relative to the receiving box. By pivoting can the rotor then pivoted from the operating position into the receiving box be used to transfer the rotor to a storage position, in which the rotor is completely or almost completely is recorded in the recording box. In this way, the Rotor be sunk in the hull to normal forward driving of the ship where the rotor-rudder device is not needed will not affect the sailing characteristics of a ship. If the rotor rudder device is then used, the Rotor swung out of the receiving box in the operating position and then extends vertically, for example, in the operating position from the bottom of the ship's hull down to the one flowing past him Interact with water.

In the bearing position, the rotor, for example, horizontally in the receiving box be arranged, wherein the receiving box so in the interior of the Ship pointing to the hull is arranged that he is not from Hull protruding outward. The recording box can be closable, leaving the rotor in the storage position covered with the box closed to the outside and protected.

Of the Rotor can for example via a hydraulic drive device be pivotable, which makes the rotor to transfer in the operating position out of the receiving box and for transfer pivoted into the storage position in the receiving box inside. The The pivot axis is perpendicular to the axis of rotation, around which the rotor rotated to generate the lateral force in the water, formed.

advantageously, the drive device has means for detecting an overload case on and is trained in recognizing an overload case the rotor automatically from the operating position to the storage position to pivot. This is a security measure with which is guaranteed that the rotor, which in its Operating position projecting from the hull, in a collision with an obstacle (for example, the seabed or a floating Object) is pivoted in automatically. The swinging in takes place from the vertical operating position to the horizontal Storage position so contrary to the direction of advance to the rear (So in advance driving away from the obstacle), that the collision at Advance travel of the ship is evaded.

The Rotor rudder apparatus is advantageously used as a rotor bow rudder arranged in a front area of a ship and can open this way advantageous for maneuvering a ship, in particular used to generate a lateral force on the bow of the ship become. It is also conceivable, alternatively or additionally To arrange a rotor rudder device in the area of the stern of a ship.

to Generation of larger lateral forces can also more than one rotor rudder device are used, for example two or more rotor-rudders, in the transverse direction of the ship next to each other and / or in the longitudinal direction of the ship in a row are arranged on the ship.

Of the The idea underlying the invention is based on the In the figures illustrated embodiments closer be explained. Show it:

1 a schematic side view of a ship with arranged thereon rotor rudder device;

2 a schematic cross-sectional view of a ship with two transversely juxtaposed rotor rudder devices;

3 a schematic view of a rotor rudder device;

4 a view of a rotating rotor to explain the Magnus effect;

5 a cross-sectional view of a rotating rotor to explain the Magnus effect;

6 a view of a rotor with recesses arranged thereon and

7 a view of a rotor with arranged thereon axial grooves.

1 shows a schematic view of a ship 1 with a ship's hull 10 , at the rear a conventional stern rudder 2 and in the region of its bow, a rotor rudder device 3 is arranged. The tail rudder 2 serves to control the ship 1 at normal speed of the ship 1 while the rotor-rudder device 3 in the area of the bow of the ship 1 in particular for maneuvering the ship 1 for example, in narrow waters or in a harbor.

The rotor-rudder device 3 indicates one in the in 1 illustrated operating position perpendicular to the hull 10 downwardly extending rotor 31 in the form of a cylinder rotatable about a rotation axis E on the hull 10 is arranged.

The rotor-rudder device 3 is based on the so-called Magnus effect, as a result of which a transverse force as a function of the direction of rotation of the rotor 31 is generated when water along the longitudinal direction X of the vessel on the rotor 31 flows past. The rotor 31 is this about the axis of rotation E, which is substantially perpendicular to the bottom of the hull 10 runs, rotatable on the hull 10 arranged and can be placed in a rotational movement C in one or the other direction about the axis of rotation E.

Depending on the direction of rotation of the rotor 31 A lateral force is generated to starboard or to port.

To increase the lateral force can also more than a rotor-rudder device 3 at the hull 10 be arranged, for example - as in 2 shown - two in the transverse direction Y on the hull 10 juxtaposed rotor rudder devices 3 ,

A schematic detail view of a rotor rudder device 3 shows 3 , The rotor 31 is about a pivot axis 33 swiveling on a receiving box 32 arranged, pointing in the ship's interior to the ship's hull 10 is arranged (see 1 ) and for receiving the rotor 31 serves in a storage position. For this purpose, the rotor 31 in a pivoting direction A from the in 1 shown operating position (in 3 shown in solid lines) in the storage position (in 3 shown in dashed lines) are pivoted, in which the rotor 31 completely or almost completely in the receiving box 32 is absorbed and in this position from the pivot axis 33 horizontally to the rear (opposite to the longitudinal direction X of the ship 1 ).

Schematically represented in 3 is a drive device 34 that the rotor 31 hydraulically about the pivot axis 33 can pivot (for transferring from the operating position to the storage position and vice versa).

The drive device 34 can be a means of detecting a collision case 341 have, for example, is designed as a hydraulic pressure relief valve or a suitable sensor and a collision of the rotor 31 recognizes with an object. If such a collision case is detected, the means for detecting a collision case 341 an automatic pivoting of the rotor 31 in the pivoting direction A in his in 3 shown in dashed line storage position. The means of recognizing ei a collision case 341 thus represents a safety measure, with the damage to the rotor 31 can be avoided by a collision.

An additional drive device (in 3 not shown) is provided to the rotor 31 for generating a transverse force in a rotational movement C to offset the axis of rotation E. This additional drive device may be formed, for example, as a frequency-controlled electric motor which is controllable from the ship, for example from the bridge of the ship. Due to the frequency control, the rotor 31 be infinitely varied in its rotational speed and thus adjusted the generated Rudder force adjusted.

At the operating position of the ship's hull 10 opposite side of the rotor 31 is a circular end plate 310 to the lower limit of the rotor 31 arranged.

The rotor 31 advantageously has a length L of 2 m to 4 m and a diameter D of 0.5 m to 1.5 m. Due to the large dimensions of the rotor 31 is the rotor rudder device 3 especially suitable for large ships with hull lengths beyond 130 m.

The rotor 31 is made of a composite material, in particular a carbon fiber reinforced plastic and thus has a comparatively low weight and is also simple and inexpensive to produce. The rotor 31 can in this case by itself in the longitudinal direction of the rotor 31 extending fibers or by circumferentially around the rotor 31 wound fibers 35 (please refer 3 ) be reinforced in the form of carbon fibers, wherein also several layers of fibers, on the one hand in the circumferential direction and on the other hand oriented in the longitudinal direction, can be used. This results in a high strength of the rotor 31 at comparatively low weight.

The rotor 31 can be solid or hollow inside.

The rotor 31 can at its upper end 313 with a tail 30 be connected, which is made for example of metal, especially steel. It is conceivable, but also the tail 30 made of a composite material.

4 and 5 illustrate in schematic views the so-called Magnus effect. Flows water with a flow S on the rotor 31 over and leads the rotor 31 a rotational movement C about its axis of rotation E, so the flow S due to the surface friction with the rotor 31 , as in 5 shown on the rotor 31 past. This results in that at the point B1 (see 5 ) on the circumference of the rotor 31 the direction of movement of the rotor 31 and the flow S are directed against each other and, due to the surface friction of the rotor 31 , which slows flow velocity. On the other hand, at the point B, the flow velocity increases due to the rectified movement of the flow S and the rotor 31 , Due to the difference in the flow velocities, pressure differences arise, due to which a transverse force F on the rotor 31 is exercised in 5 is directed upward.

The direction of rotation of the rotor 31 is changed, a transverse force F is generated in the opposite direction accordingly.

The resulting force effect is based on the surface friction of the rotor 31 with the water around it. By adapting the surface finish of the rotor 31 can thereby the friction properties of the rotor 31 adjusted to affect the force effect. For example, on the outer circumferential surface of the rotor 31 , as in 6 shown, wells 311 in the form of countersinks or blind holes or, as in 7 illustrated, axially extending grooves 312 be arranged in the form of grooves. It is also conceivable, the surface of the rotor 31 roughen (microscopically).

The described rotor-rudder device 3 has the advantage that it also when driving ahead of the ship 1 or at high flow velocities of the water over ground can be effectively used for maneuvering a ship. The described rotor-rudder device 3 can be used alternatively or in addition to a conventional bow thruster.

The idea underlying the invention can also be implemented in entirely different embodiments. For example, the described rotor-rudder device 3 also in the area of the stern of a ship 1 be used and thus serve as Heckruder. In addition, it is conceivable to use other composite materials other than those described.

1

ship

10

hull

2

tail rudder

3

bow rudder

30

tail

31

cylinder

310

endplate

311

wells

312

grooves

313

upper The End

32

receiving box

33

swivel axis

34

driving device

341

medium for detecting an overload case

35

fibers

A

pan direction

C

rotary motion

D

diameter

e

axis of rotation

F

lateral force

L

length

S

flow

X

longitudinal direction

Y

transversely

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• - US 1697779 [0005]
• US 4576581 [0005]
• NL 1008950 C [0005]

Claims (11)

A rotor rudder device for generating a lateral force on a ship, having a rotor rotatable about a rotation axis and protruding from the hull in an operating position for interacting with the hull surrounding water and displaceable in a rotational movement about the rotation axis for producing a lateral force, characterized that the rotor ( 31 ) on one of the hull ( 10 ), for receiving the rotor ( 31 ) receiving box ( 32 ) about a pivot axis ( 33 ) is pivotally mounted, wherein the rotor ( 31 ) in the operating position from the receiving box ( 32 ) and in a storage position in the receiving box ( 32 ) is arranged, wherein the rotor ( 31 ) is made of a composite material. Rotor rudder device according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotor ( 31 ) is made of a fiber composite material, in particular a fiber-reinforced plastic. Rotor rudder device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the rotor ( 31 ) is designed as a cylinder with an axial length of 1 m to 5 m, preferably 2 m to 4 m, and a diameter of 0.5 m to 2 m, preferably 1 m to 1.5 m. Rotor rudder device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the rotor ( 31 ) on its outer surface recesses ( 311 ) or grooves ( 312 ) for adapting the surface friction of the rotor ( 31 ) having. Rotor rudder device according to claim 4, characterized in that the depressions ( 311 ) are formed as countersinks or holes Rotor rudder device according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that Rotor rudder device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rotor ( 31 ) via a hydraulic drive device ( 34 ) is pivotable. Rotor rudder device according to claim 7, characterized in that the drive device ( 34 ) Means for detecting an overload case ( 341 ), wherein the drive device ( 34 ) is formed, upon detection of an overload case, the rotor ( 31 ) to pivot automatically from the operating position to the storage position. Ship with a rudder device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rotor rudder device ( 3 ) as a rotor bow rudder in a front area of a ship ( 1 ) is arranged. Ship with a rudder device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that two or more rotor rudder devices ( 3 ) in the transverse direction (Q) next to each other on the ship ( 1 ) are arranged. Ship with a rudder device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that two or more rotor rudder devices ( 3 ) in the longitudinal direction (L) of the ship ( 1 ) one behind the other on the ship ( 1 ) are arranged.