DE202009000825U1 - System for the reuse of residual powder from a plant for the generative production of three-dimensional objects - Google Patents

Abstract

System for the reuse of residual powder from a plant for the additive production of three-dimensional objects (3), comprising:
a building apparatus which deposits a powder material on a support or a previously applied layer in layers and solidifies the powder material by energy-containing radiation at locations corresponding to the object (3), and
a suction device (13) provided separately from the building device and having a first interchangeable container (14) into which the suction device (13) sucks unconsolidated residual powder (3a) from the building device.

Description

The The present invention relates to a system for reuse of residual powder from a plant for the generative production of three-dimensional Objects.

DE 201 07 262 U1 describes a system for reusing powder for producing three-dimensional objects. The system consists of a construction device which deposits a powder material layer-wise on a support or previously applied layer and solidifies the powder material by energy-containing radiation at locations corresponding to the object. Non-solidified residual powder is conveyed from the building device via a delivery line directly into a separate from the building device provided screening device, which screens the residual powder supplied from the building device. The sieved residual powder is conveyed via a further delivery line in a reservoir and can be reused.

DE 103 42 883 A1 describes a construction device for producing three-dimensional objects with integrated suction device and integrated or external screening device.

So far have been integrated pipes and hoses in such devices used, whose cleaning is complicated and therefore when using cause contamination of different powder materials would.

Especially with metal-containing powder, the problem arises that the aging of the powder material by oxidation, etc., greatly of the grain size depends. Reuse of metal-containing powder is however basically common. As metal-containing Powder material come any metals and their alloys as well Mixtures with metallic components or with non-metallic components in question. In addition, also purely non-metallic powder such as plastic powder can be used.

The Powder is exposed to different conditions in the plant. Near the object to be built there are higher ones Temperatures as at the edge of the installation space. Besides that is the powder in the lower part of the construction space longer than the powder in the Upper area of the installation space of the warm temperature in the installation space suspended. Furthermore, agglomerates form in the installation space, but not in the storage container and headbox. By condensation in the installation space In addition, a fines fraction that arises in or on can deposit the powder. Furthermore, abrasion from a coater blade arise.

If now new powder and already used residual powder in succession are fed into a reservoir, arises egg stratification with different properties in the reservoir. This creates a negative impact on the construction process.

It It is the object of the present invention to provide a system for reuse of residual powder from a plant for the generative production of three-dimensional To provide objects that increased quality of the construction process and the objects as well as increased efficiency allows.

These The object is achieved by the system having the features of claim 1 solved. Advantageous developments are the subject of Dependent claims.

Further Features and benefits of the invention result from the description of an embodiment based of the accompanying drawings.

From show the figures:

1 a schematic view of a building device for producing a three-dimensional object;

2 a separate from the building device provided suction device according to the invention;

3 a separate from the building device provided screening device according to the invention;

4 a separate from the building device provided feeding device according to the invention;

5 a transport device according to the invention when transporting a swap body; and

6 the transport device according to the invention with an adapter plate for substrate plates and clamping systems.

One System for the reuse of residual powder from a plant for Generative production of three-dimensional objects is hereafter described by the figures.

The 1 shows a schematic view of a construction device for producing a three-dimensional object 3 according to the present invention, which is formed in the embodiment as a laser sintering device.

The laser sintering device has an upwardly open frame 1 with a vertically movable platform therein 2 on which the three-dimensional object to be produced 3 wearing. The frame 1 and the platform 2 define a space inside. The platform 2 is with a lifting mechanism 12 in conjunction, she moves in the vertical direction so that the particular layer of the object to be consolidated 3 in a work plane 4 lies.

Even if not in the 1 is shown, a metallic substrate plate can be placed manually on the platform and possibly fastened or screwed. Such substrate plates are even more so with sintered objects 3 relatively heavy. Preferably, a zero point clamping system is used, wherein the substrate plate usually has on the underside at least one mandrel or a pin, which must be lifted before unloading from the clamping system.

Furthermore, a coater 5 for applying a layer of a powder 3a intended. As a powder 3a All laser-sinterable powders can be used. Any metal and its alloys as well as mixtures with metallic components or with non-metallic components are suitable as the metal-containing powder material. In addition, purely non-metallic powders such as plastic powder can be used. First, the powder 3a from a storage container 6 fed. The coater 5 is thereafter at a predetermined height in the working plane 4 process so that the layer of the powder 3a with a defined height above the last solidified layer. The construction device furthermore has a laser 7 on, a laser beam 7a generated by a deflector 8th to any places in the working plane 4 is focused. This allows the laser beam 7a the powder 3a at the cross section of the object to be manufactured 3 solidify selectively in the respective layer corresponding locations.

With the reference number 10 is a process chamber in which the frame 1 , the platform 2 , the lifting mechanism 12 and the coater 5 can be arranged. The interior of the process chamber 10 is accessible by opening a door (not shown). The reference number 9 denotes an opening in the process chamber 10 for the introduction of the laser beam 7a , It is also a control unit 11 provided over which the building device is controlled in a coordinated manner for carrying out the construction process.

In the operation of the building device is in a first step, the platform 2 through the lifting mechanism 12 proceed as far as their upper side by a layer thickness below the working plane 4 lies. Then by means of the reservoir 6 and the doctor 5 a first layer of the powder 3a on the platform 2 applied and smoothed. The control unit then controls 11 the deflection device 8th such that the deflected laser beam 7a selectively at the locations of the layer of the powder 3a impinges, which are to be solidified. As a result, at these points the powder 3a solidified or sintered.

In a next step, the platform becomes 2 through the lifting mechanism 12 lowered by the thickness of the next layer. Through the reservoir 6 and the coater 5 a second layer of material is applied, smoothed and by means of the laser steel 7a selectively solidified. These steps are performed as often until the desired object 3 is made.

The 2 shows a suction device provided separately from the building device 13 , The suction device 13 is arranged in a mobile trolley and has a receiving area for a first swap body 14 , The first swap body 14 is interchangeable in the suction device 13 arranged. The suction device 13 sucks through a flexible suction hose 15 unconsolidated residual powder 3a from the construction device in the first swap body 14 from. The flexible suction hose 15 can be equipped with different nozzles, which correspond to the geometry of the object 3 or on aufzuaugenden material of the residual powder 3a are adjusted. The illustrated suction device 13 It also has a compressed air connection (not shown), which supplies it with compressed air. A compressed air source is usually present in the building devices. The suction device 13 has a Venturi nozzle 16 , which by the compressed air, a suction pressure in the suction hose 15 generated, a pre-filter and a post-filter to purify exhaust gas. In addition, the suction device 13 an integrated balance for weighing the first Wech selbehälters 14 exhibit. This makes it possible, currently in the swap body 14 to detect existing powder mass.

The sucked by the suction residual powder 3a is over a first hose 17 in the first swap body 14 dissipated. The first hose 17 is at its lower end by a quick coupling 18 to an upper opening of the first interchangeable container 14 connectable and ensures a dust or airtight connection of the suction device 13 and the first swap body 14 , Such quick couplings 18 may be Kamlock clutches or other lever arm couplings.

The upper end of the first tube 17 is through a hose clamp (not shown) at an outlet of the venturi 16 attached.

The 3 shows a separate from the building device provided screening device 19 , The sieve device 19 is similar to the suction device 13 arranged in a mobile trolley and has a receiving area for a second swap body 20 , The second swap body 20 is interchangeable in the receiving area of the screening device 19 arranged. Preferably, the second swap body 20 identical to the first swap body 14 , The sieve device 19 also has a sieve 21 such as a vibrating wire screen. The sieve 21 gets into the sieve device 19 like a sieve insert in a sieve housing 22 inserted. The screen housing 22 consists of two housing shells, which are separable from each other, around the screen housing 22 to open. The sieve device 19 preferably further includes an additional ultrasonic generator (not shown) for preventing blockage of the screen 21 , a Überkornaustrag (not shown) for discharging coarse powder components and a metering device for controlling the amount of powder that is fed to the screen.

The sieve 21 has a connection at its inlet 23 for a second hose (not shown). The second hose is at one end by means of a hose clamp with the connection 23 of the sieve 21 dust or airtight connected. The other end of the second tube is connected by a quick coupling to the upper opening of the first interchangeable container 14 connected. The quick coupling is the same as in the suction device 13 used quick coupling 18 , In addition, the sieve device 19 an integrated balance for weighing the second swap body 14 exhibit. This makes it possible, currently in the swap body 14 to detect existing powder mass.

A third hose 24 is at one end by means of a hose clamp (not shown) at the output of the screen 21 connected. The other end of the third hose 24 is through a quick coupling 25 to an upper opening of the second interchangeable container 20 connected.

The sieve device 19 sifts that out of the first swap body 14 supplied residual powder 3a and guides it to the second swap body provided separately from the building apparatus 20 to.

The 4 shows a supply device provided separately from the building device 26 for feeding the sieved residual powder 3a in the construction device. The feeder 26 has at the top of recordings for at least one swap body 14 . 20 , wherein the second swap bodies shown here 20 are arranged upside down, so that their openings 27 are directed downwards. That in the second swap bodies 20 located powder 3a can by gravity through the openings 27 escape. The second swap body 20 again has a closure (not shown), so that the powder therein 3a can not escape unintentionally. Such a closure may be formed as a rotatable flap. Preferably, the closure is controlled by the building device. Preferably, there is also a metering device on the delivery device 26 or at the swap bodies 14 . 20 provided, which can be preferably controlled by the construction device. In addition, the feeder can 26 have a replaceable nozzle with the opening of the second interchangeable container 20 is connected. In addition, the feeding device 26 an integrated balance for weighing the second swap body 20 exhibit. This makes it possible, currently in the swap body 20 to detect existing powder mass.

The described hoses 15 . 17 . 24 are interchangeable because they are dust or air tight with the suction device by hose clamps 13 , the sieve device 19 or the feeder 26 are connected. Instead of the hose clamps quick couplings can be used. The dustproof or airtight connection of the hoses 17 . 24 with the swap bodies 14 . 20 is also done by quick couplings 18 . 25 ,

The feeder 26 is preferably designed to pass over the screening device 19 is movable. In this way, the first swap body 14 by a transport device described later upside down in the feeder 26 be placed so that the first swap body 14 directly above the sieve 21 the screening device 19 located.

The 5 shows the transport device 28 for transporting the first and / or second interchangeable container 14 . 20 , The transport device 28 is designed as a lift truck, the height adjustable fork with two support arms 29 having. For example, the fork is moved up and down by a hand crank (not shown) via a chain drive. On the two support arms 29 are two adapters with coaxially arranged recesses 30 placed. Alternatively, the recesses can also directly into the support arms 29 be incorporated. The recesses 30 correspond with axes 31 at the side of the first and second swap bodies 14 . 20 are attached. When the first swap body 14 or the second swap body 20 in the receiving areas of the suction device 13 and the screening device 19 are arranged, the recesses can 30 the support arms 29 under the corresponding axes 31 the swap body 14 . 20 be moved. By the hand crank, the support arms can be 29 lift, so that the recesses 30 the support arms 29 with the corresponding axes 31 the swap body 14 . 20 engage and the swap bodies 14 . 20 be raised. After the swap bodies 14 . 20 by releasing the quick couplings 18 . 25 from the hoses 17 . 24 have been solved, the swap bodies 14 . 20 through the transport device 28 be transported to the next station.

The same transport device 28 can also be used for transporting the substrate plate or a clamping system, as shown in the 6 is shown. For this purpose, an adapter in the form of an adapter plate 32 on the support arms 29 placed. The adapter plate 32 can in different orientations on the support arms 29 be placed so that the inclusion of various substrate plates and clamping systems is made possible. The left side of the 6 shows a first position of the adapter plate 32 for receiving a standard substrate plate, and the right side of the 6 shows a second position of the adapter plate 32 for receiving a clamping system, whereby it was rotated by 180 ° about the vertical axis.

It is obvious that the support arms 29 the transport device 28 can still have additional adapters or coaxially arranged recesses, which are adapted to any swap bodies and substrate plates with different sizes and shapes.

The system for reusing residual powder 3a from a plant for the generative production of three-dimensional objects 3 Furthermore, a device for mixing the screened or non-screened residual powder 3a with another powder. The other powder may in particular be new powder that has not yet been used. The device for mixing may moreover comprise a device for homogenizing the powder mixture or for homogenizing residual powder or new powder.

The system for reusing residual powder 3a from a plant for the generative production of three-dimensional objects 3 In addition to the screening device or the mixing device, it has another device for changing a property of the resulting powder.

The Another device may be a device for removing particles be below a defined grain size. Preferably then the removal takes place via views.

The further device may be a device for selectively changing the chemical composition of the residual powder 3a or the resulting powder. Preferably then the targeted changing of the chemical composition by a reduction of oxides.

The further device may be a device for selectively altering the composition or a property of the atmosphere around the particles of the residual powder 3a or the resulting powder. Preferably, then, the targeted modification is effected by changing a main gas in the atmosphere and / or by changing a moisture content in the atmosphere and / or the pressure of the atmosphere.

The further device may include a device for removing impurities from the residual powder 3a or the resulting powder except the screening device. Preferably, the removal of contaminants is effected by having a physical or chemical property of the residual powder 3a or the resulting powder is used to separate it from the impurities. More preferably, the physical or chemical property of the residual powder comprises 3a or the resulting powder, the geometric shape, the density and / or the relative weight, the electrical conductivity, the magnetizability or the solubility in a defined fluid medium.

Preferably is the to be changed by the editing step Property of the resulting powder before or after the treatment step measured. More preferably, the measured property is documented. More preferably, the measured property is electronically as a data record saved.

Preferably the measured property is assigned to the resulting powder. More preferably, the measured property is on or in connection stored with a powder container, or the measured Feature becomes when reusing the resulting powder for the production of three-dimensional objects to a controller transferred to the system.

Preferably, the measured property becomes an object 3 which is produced generatively using the resulting powder.

The further device can therefore be a device for measuring a property of the residual powder 3a , the resulting powder, the recycled powder or the new powder. Such a property of the residual powder 3a , the resulting powder, the processed powder or the new powder may be in particular a particle size distribution, a chemical composition, a flowability or a moisture content. The measured property of the residual powder 3a , the resulting powder, recycled powder or new powder can be stored and documented on a storage.

Accordingly, the further device may also be a device which contains the first or second interchangeable container 14 . 20 with the property of residual powder 3a , resulting powder, recycled powder or new powder. This can in particular by attaching a barcode or an RFID chip (Radio Frequency Identification) to the first or second swap body 14 . 20 will be realized. In the bar code and in the RFID chip is the property of the residual powder 3a , resulting powder, recycled powder or new powder.

The further device can therefore also a device for removing fines from the residual powder 3a , the resulting powder, the processed powder or the new powder by means of sifting or sieving. Preferably, this can be done by air classification, ie pneumatically or by means of a cyclone.

The further device can therefore also a device for processing the residual powder 3a , the resulting powder, the recycled powder or the new powder. The chemical treatment can be carried out in particular by exposing the powder to a reducing gas.

The further device can therefore also be a device for drying or moistening the residual powder 3a , the resulting powder, processed powder or new powder to change its moisture content.

The further device can therefore also be a device for removing impurities from the residual powder 3a , the resulting powder, the processed powder or the new powder. Such contaminants may cause abrasion of a coater blade of the coater 5 or abrasion of a brush (not shown).

The further device can therefore also be a device for transmitting the property of the residual powder stored, for example, in the barcode or the RFID chip 3a , the resulting powder, recycled powder or new powder to the building device. In turn, the device may include means for changing a parameter of the production of the three-dimensional object 3 depending on the measured property of the residual powder 3a , the resulting powder, the processed powder or the new powder. The construction device may issue a corresponding message or warning to users. The device for changing the parameter may alternatively be provided by the control unit 11 and the associated software can be realized. Such a parameter may be a laser power, a laser scan speed, a process temperature, a process gas composition, or a pulsed or non-pulsed operation of the laser. Such properties become the object 3 assigned accordingly after they have been transferred to the construction device.

The operation of the system for the reuse of residual powder from a plant for the generative production of three-dimensional objects 3 is like this:
After the construction device the three-dimensional object 3 completed in the space, the door of the process chamber is opened. The first swap body 14 was in the intake of the suction device 13 placed, and its upper opening was through the quick coupling 18 dustproof or airtight with the suction device 13 connected. Through the flexible suction hose 15 the suction device 13 becomes the non-solidified residual powder 3a from the building device in the in the suction device 13 placed, first swap body 14 absorbed. Subsequently, the transport device 28 so to the suction device 13 driven or vice versa, that the recesses 30 the support arms 29 under the appropriate axes 31 of the first swap body 14 lie. Turn the hand crank to the support arms 29 raised so that the recesses 30 the support arms 29 with the corresponding axes 31 of the first swap body 14 engage and the first swap body 14 is raised. After the top opening of the first swap body 14 by releasing the quick coupling 18 from the first hose 17 was disconnected, becomes the first swap body 14 through the transport device 28 to the screening device 19 transported.

At the screening device 19 becomes the top opening of the first swap body 14 through the quick connector (not shown) dust or air tightly connected to the second hose (not shown). The second swap body 20 was already through the quick coupling 25 dust or airtight with the third hose 24 connected.

The residual powder 3a is via the second tube of the screening device 19 fed through the sieve 21 seventh. The dosing device prevents too much powder from landing on the sieve. The additionally provided ultrasonic generator prevents clogging of the screen 21 , After the residual powder 3a through the sieve 21 passed through, it falls through the third hose 24 in the second swap body 20 ,

Subsequently, the upper opening of the second interchangeable container 20 by releasing the quick coupling 25 from the third hose 24 separated, and the second swap body 20 will be similar to the first swap body 14 has been described by the transport device 28 to the feeder 26 transported. It is now preferred to mix the powder with another powder and / or the conditioning step to alter a property of the resulting powder. The second swap body 20 is on the support arms 29 lying, for example, by a tilting device (not shown) turned upside down and moved upwards so that it in the upper part of the feeder 26 can be arranged. The closure of the second swap body 20 is closed so that no powder escapes unintentionally. The opening of the second swap body 20 can now be connected to another hose, so that the residual powder contained therein 3a again the construction device can be supplied. The supply of residual powder 3a from the second swap body 20 in the building device can be done by the gravity of the powder or pneumatic. Preferably, the further hose has at its end a slider or a closure which can separate the hose dust-free or airtight from the powder in the building device.

In addition to sifting the residual powder 3a or for mixing the residual powder 3a with another powder, another processing step for changing a property of the resulting powder is performed.

Of the another preparation step may be a removal step Particles below a defined grain size be. Preferably, the removal then takes place by sight.

The further treatment step may be a step for selectively altering the chemical composition of the residual powder 3a or the resulting powder. Preferably then the targeted changing of the chemical composition by a reduction of oxides.

The further processing step may be a step for selectively altering the composition of the atmosphere around the particles of the residual powder 3a or the resulting powder. Preferably, then, the targeted modification is done by changing a main gas in the atmosphere and / or by changing a moisture content in the atmosphere.

The further processing step may be a step for removing impurities from the residual powder 3a or the resulting powder except sieving. Preferably, the removal of contaminants is effected by having a physical or chemical property of the residual powder 3a or the resulting powder is used to separate it from the impurities. More preferably, the physical or chemical property of the residual powder comprises 3a or the resulting powder, the geometric shape, the density and / or the relative weight, the electrical conductivity, the magnetizability or the solubility in a defined fluid medium.

Preferably the property is measured before or after the preparation step. More preferably, the measured property is documented. Further Preferably, the measured property is electronically as a data record saved.

Preferably the measured property is assigned to the resulting powder. More preferably, the measured property is on or in connection stored with a powder container, or the measured Feature becomes when reusing the resulting powder for the production of three-dimensional objects to a controller transferred to the system.

Preferably, the measured property becomes an object 3 which is produced generatively using the resulting powder.

At any time, especially before transporting the second swap body 20 to the feeder 26 and after the introduction of the residual powder 3a in the second swap body 20 , these steps can be done for quality management. Such steps thus include, in particular, a step of measuring a property of the residual powder 3a , the resulting powder, the processed powder or the new powder, wherein the property in particular a grain shape, a particle size distribution, a chemical composition, a flowability or a moisture content of the sieved residual powder 3a is; a step for identifying a swap body 14 . 20 with the property of residual powder 3a , the resulting powder, the processed powder or the new powder, in particular by attaching a barcode or an RFID chip, in which the property is stored, to the swap body 14 . 20 ; a step for removing fines from the residual powder 3a , the resulting powder, the processed powder or the new powder by means of sifting; a step for processing the residual powder 3a , the resulting powder, the processed powder or the new powder, in particular by chemical treatment by reduction of oxides; a step for removing impurities from the residual powder 3a , the resulting powder, the processed powder or the new powder, which may be magnetic, electrostatic or otherwise; a step for mixing the residual powder 3a , the resulting powder, the processed powder or the new powder with another powder; and a step of homogenizing the resulting mixed powder. The operation of the system can be carried out in a protective gas atmosphere, which is particularly advantageous for highly reactive powder materials. Preferably then have the Saugvor direction 13 , the sieve device 19 and / or the feeding device 26 a connection for supplying or removing the protective gas.

The property of the residual powder 3a , the resulting powder, processed powder or new powder stored in, for example, the bar code or RFID chip may be transferred to the building apparatus. In addition, the property transmitted to the construction device may be the object 3 be assigned. The control unit 11 can be a parameter of the production of the three-dimensional object 3 depending on the measured property of the residual powder 3a , the resulting powder, recycled powder or new powder.

The following invention offers the following advantages:
The separate from the building device provided suction and screening devices 13 . 19 with the swap bodies 14 . 20 allow a quality management of the residual powder 3a , the resulting powder, the prepared powder or the new powder, which can be adapted cost-effectively and flexibly to the customer's wishes.

The exchangeable hoses 15 . 17 . 24 can be easily replaced or cleaned. It is thus possible that the same screening device 19 and the same suction device 13 after replacement or after cleaning the hoses 15 . 17 . 24 be used for various construction devices, which in turn use different powder materials.

The replaceable nozzle of the feeder 26 enables various functions, such as draining an overflow tank, removing powder from components, pumping from separate powder tanks, etc.

The Swap bodies enable for quality management a classification and documentation of the powder. About that addition, the transport and mixing and homogenizing of different powders simplified.

Of the The scope of protection is not limited to that shown Embodiment, but it includes further changes and modifications, as far as they are within the limits specified in the attached Claims defined extent fall.

Preferably, the first swap body 14 identical with second swap body 20 , However, this is not essential to the invention, so that the swap bodies 14 . 20 can also distinguish.

Instead of the laser 7 An energy-containing particle radiation such as an electron beam can be used. The powder 3a does not necessarily have to be laser sintered, but it can also be laser melted.

The Components described in the system can be combined as desired become; for example, the suction device can be connected to the sieve device be integrated. The screening device can also be used with the feeding device be integrated.

The Removal of the powder from the building device takes place in the embodiment through the suction device. Alternatively, the powder removal by blowing out and collecting the powder or by omitting the Powder done by gravity.

The Suction device can instead of compressed air by negative pressure or electrically operated.

The preparation of the powder can not only for the screened residual powder 3a but also for fresh powder or for the non-sieved powder.

The removal of fines from the sieved residual powder 3a can be done through a twin wire; Coarse particles remain above the twin wire, and fines are deposited below the twin wire. In between is the sieved residual powder 3a taken.

The individual steps can optionally be carried out in an inert gas atmosphere, d. H. be carried out under inert gas.

The Construction device is not limited to the laser sintering machine, but it can be any building device that is a layer-building Applies methods such as 3D printing.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• - DE 20107262 U1 [0002]
• DE 10342883 A1 [0003]

Claims (25)

System for reusing residual powder from a plant for the additive production of three-dimensional objects ( 3 ), comprising: a construction device that deposits a powder material on a support or a previously applied layer in layers and solidifies the powder material by energy-containing radiation at locations that the object ( 3 ) and a suction device separate from the building device ( 13 ) with a first swap body ( 14 ) into which the suction device ( 13 ) non-solidified residual powder ( 3a ) sucks from the building device. The system of claim 1, further comprising: a screening device provided separately from the building device ( 19 ) from the first swap body ( 14 ) supplied residual powder ( 3a ) and a separate from the building device provided second swap body ( 20 ) feeds. System according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the suction device ( 13 ) a compressed air vacuum with venturi ( 16 ) and a pre-filter. System according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the suction device ( 13 ) has a postfilter. System according to one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the screening device ( 19 ) a vibrating sieve ( 21 ) and an additional ultrasonic generator for preventing blockage of the screen. System according to one of claims 2 to 5, wherein the screening device ( 19 ) has a metering device for controlling the amount of powder supplied to the screen. The system according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 6, further comprising a supply device provided separately from the building device ( 26 ) for feeding the residual powder ( 3a ), resulting powder, recycled powder or new powder into the building apparatus. System according to the previous claim, wherein the feeding device ( 26 ) has a replaceable nozzle. System according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the suction device ( 13 ), the screening device ( 19 ) and / or the feeding device ( 26 ) has an integrated balance. System according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the suction device ( 13 ), the screening device ( 19 ) and / or the feeding device ( 26 ) has a connection for supplying or removing a gas. System according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 10, further comprising at least one interchangeable hose ( 17 . 24 ) containing at least one swap body ( 14 . 20 ) with the Saugvorrich device ( 13 ), the screening device ( 19 ) or the feeding device ( 26 ), a quick coupling ( 18 . 25 ) for dust or airtight connection of the at least one interchangeable container ( 20 ) with the hose ( 17 . 24 ), and a hose clamp or quick coupling for dust or airtight connection of the at least one hose ( 17 . 24 ) with the suction device ( 13 ), the screening device ( 19 ) or the feeding device ( 26 ). System according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 11, further comprising a transport device ( 28 ) for transporting the first and / or second interchangeable container ( 20 ). System according to the preceding claim, wherein the transport device ( 28 ) at least one adapter ( 30 . 32 ), which is suitable, both the first and / or second swap body ( 14 . 20 ) as well as a substrate plate to be mounted in the building device or a clamping system to be mounted in the building device, onto which the three-dimensional object (FIG. 3 ) is to build up. System according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 13, further comprising a device for measuring a property of the residual powder ( 3a ), the resulting powder, the treated powder or new powder, in particular a particle size distribution, a chemical composition, a flowability or a moisture content of the sieved residual powder ( 3a ), the residual powder ( 3a ), resulting powder, recycled powder or new powder. System according to the preceding claim, further comprising a device for identifying the first or second interchangeable container ( 14 . 20 ) with the property of the residual powder ( 3a ), the resulting powder, the processed powder or the new powder, in particular by attaching a barcode or an RFID chip, in which the property is stored, to the first or second swap body ( 14 . 20 ). System according to one of the preceding claims 14 and 15, further comprising a device for transferring the property of the residual powder ( 3a ), the resulting powder, the processed powder or the new powder stored in the bar code or the RFID chip, to the building apparatus, and a device for changing a parameter of the production of the three-dimensional object ( 3 ) depending on the measured property of the residual powder ( 3a ), resulting powder, recycled powder or new powder. System according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 16, further comprising a device for removing fines from the residual powder ( 3a ), the resulting powder, the processed powder or the new powder by means of sifting. System according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 17, further comprising a device for processing the residual powder ( 3a ), the resulting powder, the processed powder or the new powder, in particular by chemical treatment by reduction of oxides. System according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 18, further comprising a device for removing impurities from the residual powder ( 3a ), the resulting powder, the processed powder or the new powder. System according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 19, further comprising a device for mixing the residual powder ( 3a ), the resulting powder, the processed powder or the new powder with another powder. System according to the previous claim, the Further with a device for homogenizing the resulting Powder mixture. Suction device ( 13 ) for a construction device for the generative production of three-dimensional objects ( 3 ), wherein the suction device ( 13 ) is provided separately from the building device and a first swap body ( 14 ) into which the suction device ( 13 ) non-solidified residual powder ( 3a ) sucks from the building device. Sieve device ( 19 ) for a construction device for the generative production of three-dimensional objects ( 3 ), wherein the screening device ( 19 ) is provided separately from the building device and from a first swap body ( 14 ) supplied residual powder ( 3a ) and a separate from the building device provided second swap body ( 20 ) feeds. Feeding device ( 26 ) for a construction device for the generative production of three-dimensional objects ( 3 ), wherein the feeding device ( 26 ) is provided separately from the building device and sieved residual powder ( 3a ) from a swap body ( 14 . 20 ) feeds into the building device. Transport device ( 28 ) for transporting the first and / or second interchangeable container ( 14 . 20 ) according to claim 22 or 23.