DE202008006747U1 - oscillating drive - Google Patents

Abstract

oscillating drive (1) for a vibrating conveyor (2), such as a conveyor trough, a sieve or a separator, with a Electromagnet (4) and an armature (5), which via a Spring (6) coupled together and relative to each other by control or regulation of the magnetic field of the electromagnet (4) in oscillation are displaceable, characterized in that the amplitude (SW) of the relative movement of the electromagnet (4) to the armature (5) detectable and / or is controllable.

Description

The The present invention relates to a vibratory drive according to the The preamble of claim 1 and a vibrating conveyor with such a vibration drive.

The The present invention relates to a vibration drive for a vibratory conveyor. The term "vibratory conveyor" is in particular a conveyor trough, a sieve, a separator or another vibrating manipulation or handling device for workpieces, waste, bulk o. Like. To understand.

The DE 42 27 847 A1 discloses a vibratory drive for a vibratory conveyor with an electromagnet and an armature which are coupled together by a spring and are relatively oscillatable in vibration.

Of the Oscillating drive is connected to the oscillating conveyor to be driven, like a conveyor trough, coupled. This results in a 2-mass resonance system, which should be operated near resonance. Both here in question swinging drives relatively high power is the oscillation frequency so far of the grid frequency depends on the power supply or is determined by this. The natural frequency (resonance frequency) of the vibration system consisting from vibration drive and vibratory conveyor must be so be adjusted so that the natural frequency in the vicinity the resonant frequency of the vibrating system, but of this is different. Since the vibrating conveyors, in particular Troughs, different masses (payloads of the Vibratory drive), is usually the oscillating drive by adding or removing weights on the counterweight so changed until the natural frequency of the vibration system is set in the desired manner. This adaptation is possible and requires only within relatively narrow limits Time and expertise.

Usually a design of the oscillating drive for a tight Net weight range and additional calibration for the actual payload on site after assembly. This however, does not allow for optimal operation, and the calibrations are expensive.

Of the present invention is based on the object, a vibration drive and a vibration conveyor with such a vibration drive specify a simpler, more robust and / or less expensive Construction, a universal applicability, especially for very different payloads, high efficiency and / or a simple control is possible or become.

The The above object is achieved by a vibration drive according to claim 1, 5 or 9 or by a vibrating conveyor according to claim 12 solved. Advantageous developments are the subject of Dependent claims.

One The first aspect of the present invention resides in the amplitude of oscillation to detect the relative movement of the electromagnet to the armature. this happens preferably with a sensor, in particular with an inductive Displacement transducer. This allows the vibration drive in an optimal range - especially with an optimal Amplitude - to work. In the prior art will namely not the amplitude of the vibration drive, but usually the deflection or vibration of the vibrating conveyor detected. Due to different mass distributions and in Dependence on the spring hardness or other parameters depends on the amplitude (this is in the present Invention always the relative movement of the electromagnet to the anchor meant) of the vibration of the vibratory conveyor in varying degrees and varies with the Loading and accordingly can from these operating parameters usually not or only with relatively great effort or with relative great insecurity are derived.

One further, independently realizable aspect of the present Invention is that the amplitude of the vibration drive regulated, in particular, is kept constant. So it is possible the Operate vibratory drive in an optimal working range. Accordingly can be a high, in particular up to about 40% higher Efficiency can be achieved.

One further, independently realizable aspect of the present Invention is the spring strength of the spring for adaptation to vary the power of the vibratory drive. Preferably the spring of several, in particular leaf-shaped spring elements constructed, whose number changeable to the variation of the spring strength is and / or interchangeable with other spring forces against other spring elements are. Thus, in a very simple way, an adaptation of the vibratory drive to the respectively desired or required performance. Especially the oscillating drive is then for a particularly wide Usable payload range.

Another, likewise independently realizable aspect of the present invention is the drive frequency of the drive or AC voltage with which the electromagnet is operated, in a calibration step each time the oscillating drive is switched on and / or periodically and / or at Reach or undershoot of a minimum value determined by the vibration amplitude and / or when reaching or exceeding an upper limit value of the RMS value or peak value of the drive voltage. Thus, in a very simple and in particular automatic manner, an adaptation of the oscillation frequency to the respective conditions, in particular the current load or the current useful weight o. The like., And thus enables more efficient operation.

Especially Preferably, the drive or oscillation frequency is variable, in particular fixable in a calibration step. In particular, this is aimed Frequency according to the natural frequency of the vibration system consisting of Oscillating drive and vibratory conveyor. Especially Preferably, the drive or oscillation frequency is substantially 3 to 5% higher than the natural frequency.

Further, likewise independently realizable aspects of the present Invention enabling a particularly effective operation, provide that the drive frequency is half as large as the oscillation frequency is that the drive voltage at least is substantially symmetrical with respect to the zero line, that the drive voltage at least substantially full sinus periods is constructed with alternating signs and / or that the Ablei direction of the drive voltage during passage by and / or approaching the zero line at least in the is essentially zero.

at the drive voltage is in particular an AC voltage, so that subsequently often only spoken of AC voltage becomes. In general, however, any other voltage, for example a pulsed and / or frequency-modeled DC voltage o. be used. In particular, the frequency of the electromagnet supplied drive voltage can be changed. This frequency is also referred to as drive frequency in the present invention.

Further Advantages, features, characteristics and aspects of the present invention will be apparent from the following description of a preferred embodiment based on the drawing. It shows:

1 a schematic, partially sectional view of a proposed oscillating conveyor with a proposed oscillating drive; and

2 a schematic diagram of the voltage curve.

1 shows a schematic, partially sectioned view of a proposed oscillating drive 1 for an associated vibratory conveyor 2 as a conveyor trough, a vibrating screen o. The like., Which is only partially shown. In particular, the oscillating drive 1 firmly with the vibratory conveyor 2 connected or connectable, for example via screws 3 o. The like.

When the vibratory drive 1 vibrates, the vibratory conveyor is 2 correspondingly vibrated at the same oscillation frequency.

The oscillating drive 1 has an electromagnet 4 and an anchor 5 on that over a spring 6 are movably connected and held relative to each other.

The electromagnet 4 has a magnetic or magnetizable core 7 , in particular a laminated core, and at least one associated coil 8th on.

The anchor 5 is magnetic or magnetizable and preferably designed as a laminated core.

In the illustration example, the anchor is 5 formed "fixed", namely fixed to the vibrating conveyor 2 connectable or a holder 9 or another housing part of the oscillating drive 1 connected or formed of it. In particular, the anchor 5 about screws 10 , a clamping piece 11 and screws 12 with the holding part 9 firmly connected.

However, it is also possible that the electromagnet 4 firmly with the vibratory conveyor 2 connected and the anchor 5 In contrast, is movable or set into vibration.

The preferably as a spring package, in particular from leaf springs or spring elements 13 is formed or constructed, executed spring 6 , is held centrally in the illustration and / or of the clamping piece 11 fixed, in particular fixed to the holding part 9 or another housing part of the oscillating drive 1 connected.

The feather 6 or the spring assembly is with the free or oscillating end - in the illustrated example with both ends - with the electromagnet 4 or a bobbin holder 14 of the electromagnet 4 connected, in particular screwed.

For the rough adaptation of the oscillating drive 1 to the respective vibrating conveyor 2 or their usual useful weight is the spring strength and / or spring characteristic of the spring 6 preferably changeable or variable or adjustable. Preferably, this is the number of spring elements 13 that make up the spring 6 is built up, changed bar or adaptable to the respective requirements. Alternatively or additionally, different spring elements 13 or spring elements 13 be used with different spring characteristics. This is very easy in the illustrated example due to the provided screw connection. However, in principle, other constructions are possible.

1 shows the oscillating drive 1 at rest, so with not deflected spring 6 , The electromagnet 4 takes at least one pole 15 his core 7 , a pole piece o. The like. - In the illustrated example with two poles 15 - a mean distance to the anchor 5 one. In operation, the electromagnet oscillates 4 relative to the anchor 5 preferably symmetrical about this mean distance. Basically, however, an asymmetric swinging around the rest distance or a swing across it is possible.

The electromagnet 4 or its coil 8th or coils 8th is or are in the illustrated example on at least at least one supply line 16 can be supplied with electricity. The corresponding power supply device, control device and / or control device is not shown. Preferably, these components are outside or separate from the vibratory drive 1 , in particular outside of a housing 17 of the oscillating drive 1 arranged. However, it is also possible in principle, these components, at least in part in the vibratory drive 1 or within the housing 17 of the oscillating drive 1 to arrange.

During operation of the vibration drive 1 becomes the electromagnet 4 or its coil 8th energized, wherein the electrical voltage or the supplied current is modulated with the drive frequency to generate a correspondingly varying with the drive frequency magnetic field. The magnetic field causes the electromagnet 4 the anchor 5 attracts accordingly, so that the electromagnet 4 relative to the anchor 5 is vibrated. The poles 15 then swing especially around the middle distance. The amplitude (from positive to negative displacement) of this change in distance is referred to in the present invention as the amplitude SW, which in 2 is indicated schematically and is for example about 5 to 20 mm.

For detecting the oscillation or deflection, in particular the oscillation amplitude SW, the oscillating drive has 1 preferably a sensor 18 , in particular an inductive displacement sensor o. The like., On, as in 1 indicated.

The sensor 18 is for example on the holding part 9 and / or "fixed" and detects the distance or the approach of a portion of the bobbin holder 14 , a preferably metallic portion 18a for example, together with the spring 6 with the coil holder 14 and / or another moving part, o. The like. Preferably, the sensor 18 in the area of a connection or attachment of the spring 6 and / or on one of the electromagnets 4 opposite side of the spring 6 or as far away as possible from the electromagnet 4 and / or within the vibratory drive 1 or its housing 17 arranged.

Preferably, a monitoring or continuous detection of the amplitude SW and in particular a control of the amplitude SW of the vibration drive 1 ,

At the Representation example, the control of the amplitude SW occurs in particular by appropriate variation of the effective value of the drive voltage. In this case, the drive frequency is preferably at least substantially kept constant. The rms value of the voltage is therefore used as a manipulated variable used. The variation of the RMS value can be, for example by appropriate pulse width modulation or another voltage curve, a change in the waveform and / or in particular by reaches a variation of the maximum value (peak) of the voltage become.

2 schematically shows a preferred, in particular at least substantially continuous or smooth voltage waveform 19 the drive voltage with which the electromagnet 4 or its coil 8th is operated.

at the drive voltage is in particular an AC voltage.

The Drive voltage is preferably at least substantially composed of full sine periods with alternating signs. The voltage curve preferably corresponds to a somewhat modified one Sinus function, in particular, it is modified so that a sinusoidal current waveform arises as possible.

In the preferred embodiment, during operation of the vibratory drive 1 modulating the voltage so that a sinusoidal current flows through the coil (s) 8th flowing in the vibratory drive 1 a varying magnetic field with the oscillation frequency of the vibratory drive 1 generated.

The voltage curve 19 is preferably at least substantially symmetrical to the zero line. Thus, unwanted DC components can be avoided, as they can lead to undesirable remanence effects.

The derivation of the drive voltage is present preferably at least substantially zero when passing through and / or approaching the zero line. So unwanted harmonics can be avoided.

In 2 is as a dashed line 20 schematically the vibration of the electromagnet 4 relative to the anchor 5 indicated, ie the deflection by the mean distance. The maximum amplitude of this oscillation represents the already mentioned amplitude SW.

The periodic change of the magnetic field of the electromagnet 4 As a result, the attraction between the electromagnet and the armature 5 periodically increases and decreases, so that adjusts a particular harmonic oscillation with a vibration frequency. Accordingly, the vibrating conveyor 2 with this oscillation frequency from the oscillating drive 1 vibrating.

Out 2 It can be seen that the drive frequency is preferably half the oscillation frequency of the oscillatory drive 1 and thus the vibratory conveyor 2 is.

For variation of the rms voltage the in 2 shown or another preferred waveform, in particular at least substantially maintained and only proportionally enlarged or reduced to change the effective voltage in the desired manner.

Particularly preferred is the voltage curve 19 be generated by pulse width modulation or more or less approximated.

The regulation of the oscillation width SW takes place in particular such that during operation (after a calibration step, which will be explained in more detail below), the oscillation amplitude SW by means of the sensor 18 is continuously monitored or recorded. The amplitude SW represents the controlled variable. In the case of a deviation from a desired value or a reference variable, which is preferably fixed and / or adjustable, the effective voltage of the drive voltage is used as the manipulated variable and changed until the controlled variable reaches the setpoint , So the desired amplitude SW is achieved.

If in continuous operation, the amplitude SW reaches or falls below a preferably predetermined minimum value, an error message can be issued, an automated shutdown of the vibratory drive 1 done and / or carried out the calibration step.

If the RMS value or maximum value or peak value of the drive voltage reaches or exceeds a particularly adjustable upper limit value, an error message can accordingly be output, an automated shutdown of the oscillatory drive 1 take place and / or the calibration step are performed.

The calibration step is particularly preferred each time the oscillating drive is switched on 1 and / or performed periodically.

through of the calibration step, the drive frequency is set. Especially A redefinition is made in which the previous or earlier Drive frequency or an emergency frequency, for example, at used an error or failure of the calibration step is changed, changed or overwritten.

During the calibration step, the drive frequency is preferably changed continuously and / or caterpillar-shaped until the amplitude SW reaches a desired value, in particular the desired value, which is later also used for the regulation of the amplitude SW in continuous operation (normal operation). The calibration step assumes, for example, a lower or minimum frequency for the drive frequency. This frequency is then changed in particular ramp-continuously increased in the display example - until the amplitude SW reaches the desired value or setpoint. Thus, in a very simple, safe and fast way, an approximation to the natural frequency of the entire system consisting of the vibrating conveyor 2 and the vibratory drive 1 achieved or enabled in the loaded state or use state.

in principle However, it is also possible in the calibration of a high drive frequency to go out and reduce or on other Way to change until a drive frequency determined and is set to the desired amplitude SW leads.

Of the Calibration step is preferably reduced, for example half effective voltage of the drive voltage, so that then the RMS voltage as a controlled variable for further continuous operation (normal operation) can be used and as large as possible Control range is available. However, you can initially other effective voltages or possibly Frequency dependent RMS voltages are used.

The oscillating drive 1 or its control or regulation preferably has a memory to all essential parameters and / or errors, in particular the individual calibration steps and / or continuous parameters of the Normalbe drive, capture and store, so that these parameters later for evaluations, error checks o. The like. Are available.

The proposed oscillating drive 1 or its control or regulation preferably has a self-adapting to all the usual mains voltages power supply.

The proposed oscillating drive 1 is preferably designed for payloads of 50 to 1000 kg and / or a payload range of at least 5 or 10 (smallest to largest payload) or even more. The payload is here as the weight of the vibratory conveyor 2 without vibration drive 1 to understand; the surcharge by conveyed remains preferential as unconsidered. The vibratory conveyor 2 with the proposed oscillating drive 1 can have a much larger mass.

Accordingly, the vibratory drive 1 universally applicable. In particular, no mass or network adjustments, calibrations o. The like. On site are required, even if the vibratory drive 1 first installed on site.

The Drive frequency or the oscillation frequency is preferably 30 to 40 Hz and is especially in this area or a part thereof adjustable or variable.

It become a vibratory drive for a vibrating conveyor and a method for operating the vibratory drive proposed. A very easy handling and a universal applicability arise in particular the fact that every time you turn the drive frequency at which the solenoid is operated, is set new and that the amplitude of the electromagnet relative to the armature continuously detected and after determining the drive frequency is regulated by variation of the effective voltage.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• - DE 4227847 A1 [0003]

Claims (12)

Oscillating drive ( 1 ) for a vibrating conveyor ( 2 ), such as a conveyor trough, a sieve or a separator, with an electromagnet ( 4 ) and an anchor ( 5 ) via a spring ( 6 ) are coupled together and relative to each other by controlling the magnetic field of the electromagnet ( 4 ) are oscillatable, characterized in that the amplitude (SW) of the relative movement of the electromagnet ( 4 ) to the anchor ( 5 ) can be detected and / or regulated. Oscillating drive according to claim 1, characterized in that the oscillating drive ( 1 ) a sensor ( 18 ), in particular an inductive displacement sensor, for detecting the amplitude (SW). Oscillating drive according to claim 2, characterized in that the sensor ( 18 ) fixed, at anchor ( 5 ) or a housing or holding part ( 9 ), in the region of a connection of the spring ( 6 ) and / or on an electromagnet ( 4 ) facing away from the spring ( 6 ) is attached. Oscillating drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the effective value of the drive voltage the manipulated variable for controlling the amplitude (SW) forms, in particular only after determining the drive or vibration frequency. Oscillating drive ( 1 ) for a vibrating conveyor ( 2 ), such as a conveyor trough, a sieve or a separator, with an electromagnet ( 4 ) and an anchor ( 5 ) via a spring ( 6 ) are coupled together and relative to each other by controlling the magnetic field of the electromagnet ( 4 ) are oscillatable, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the spring strength of the spring ( 6 ) for adjusting the power of the oscillating drive ( 1 ) is variable. Oscillating drive according to claim 7, characterized in that the spring ( 6 ) of a plurality, in particular leaf-shaped spring elements ( 13 ) is constructed, whose number is variable to vary the spring strength. Oscillating drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drive or oscillation frequency is variable, in particular with each turn redefine is. Oscillating drive according to claim 7, characterized in that the drive or oscillation frequency is determined by the resonant frequency of the oscillating drive ( 1 ) and vibratory conveyor ( 2 ) is adjustable or fixable in a calibration step and / or is substantially 3 to 5% higher than the resonance frequency. Oscillating drive ( 1 ) for a vibrating conveyor ( 2 ), such as a conveyor trough, a sieve or a separator, wherein an electromagnet ( 4 ) is acted upon by a drive voltage with a drive frequency and thereby relative to a via a spring ( 6 ) coupled anchors ( 5 ) is vibrated, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the oscillating drive ( 1 ) is designed such that the drive frequency in a calibration step each time the oscillating drive ( 1 ) and / or periodically and / or on reaching or falling below a minimum value by the amplitude (SW) and / or on reaching or exceeding an upper limit by the RMS value or maximum value of the drive voltage is reset, that the oscillating drive ( 1 ) is formed such that the frequency of the drive voltage is half as large as the oscillation frequency that the oscillating drive ( 1 ) is formed such that the drive voltage is at least substantially symmetrical with respect to the zero line, that the oscillating drive ( 1 ) is designed such that the drive voltage is at least substantially constructed of full sine periods with alternating signs, and / or that the oscillating drive ( 1 ) is designed such that the derivative of the drive voltage when passing through and / or approaching the zero line is at least substantially zero. Oscillating drive according to claim 9, characterized that the drive frequency changes in the calibration step until the amplitude (SW) reaches a setpoint. Oscillating drive according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that after the calibration step and / or at at least substantially fixed drive frequency, the amplitude (SW) of the relative movement of the electromagnet ( 4 ) to the anchor ( 5 ) is controlled by varying the RMS value of the drive voltage to a desired value. Vibrating conveyor ( 2 ), such as a conveyor trough, a sieve or a separator, with a vibratory drive ( 1 ) according to any one of the preceding claims.