DE202007003825U1 - Mechanical carrier system for accommodating e.g. solar collector in building, has support experiencing light overload at lower end by suitable assembly of modules, such that support is brought into usage position by gravitational force - Google Patents

Abstract

The system has a support, which rotates at left and right ends of a cross beam (3) and experiences a light overload at a lower end by a suitable assembly of solar modules (4), such that the support is brought into a usage position by gravitational force. A gear motor is fixed at one and/or two support stands, and an effective unit/lever of the motor is pressed against a supporting point of the cross beam with the modules.

Description

aim The invention is existing technical deficiencies in mounting systems for the elevation solar collectors on flat roofs - in particular Photovoltaic modules - too remove.

The current situation in flat roof superstructures is characterized by a variety of known technical solutions of various market participants and inventors, which make use of mostly customary aluminum profiles or special profiles positioning and at the same time fixing the modules such that they are at a suitable angle to the sun with mostly rigid south orientation stand (eg DE 20 2006 014 047 U1 ).

Problematic it is that for the sake of the Storm safety, etc. these uprising elements on the flat roof either A: bolted, pegged or screwed anyway need to be, or B: by weighting with inexpensive Weights (usually concrete) get a non-positive stability.

A :) has the disadvantage that while the roof skin must be pierced, which often intervenes in the warranty situation of third parties, and in terms of "tightness" risky etc.

Therefore, as far as possible resorted to the alternative B :), which produces the storm safety by "overloading." A very cost-effective and selbstauflastende variant is eg under DE 203 12 641 U1 described.

But even the latter variants are subject to disadvantages and rarely applicable. In order to ensure storm safety, the load weights for module sizes in the 1 m ² range must be at least 110 and 1.4 m ² up to 150 kg. Such are manually no longer to move and bring enormous additional roof load with it. This is usually not representable for reasons of statics.

Especially many industrial hall roofs and the abundant flat roofs The buildings from GDR times are not statically charged. These have so-called Coffered ceilings. These are clamping arm proven ceiling tiles with a span of mostly 1.5 × 5 to 2 × 6 m.

superimposed loads are - if anything - only in the Area of probation allowed. However have these blankets inevitably over one Substructure made of concrete columns and concrete beams which often in a grid of 6 × 6 m stand. These points are resilient.

aim The invention is a substructure for receiving solar Modules for the purpose of generating electrical energy or heat through Use of solar energy in such a way that while the Roofing of flat roofs not or only selectively touched will not have to be charged and remains largely accessible.

Since this will naturally cause costs, these should be achieved by the simultaneous achievement of positive partial properties of solar tracking systems (such as DE 20 2004 001 642 U1 ) are compensated. At the same time, tracking in the Z-axis to the seasonal sun position is realized.

improved Storm safety over stare elevations is achieved by tilting the construction. The position of use of the modules is slightly overweight held by gravity. In the event of a storm from the north or north-west direction, the module row tilts lift it up and turn itself "out of the wind." A simple, cost-effective and uniaxial actuator drive sets the seasonal desired Anstellwinkel ago.

• a) keine flächige Dachbelastung, sondern Auflagen der Längsträger nur an definierten belastbaren Punkten
• b) Dachfläche bleibt begehbar für Revisions- und Sanierungsfälle
• c) selbstsichernde Sturm-Entlastung/minimale Angriffsfläche
• d) selbsttätige Rückkehr in die Gebrauchslage nach Sturm
• e) durch die optionale Kombination mit motorischer Anstellwinkelverstellung zusätzlich:
• e1) Nachführung in z-Achse ergibt einen Zugewinn an Sonnen-Ertrag von erfahrungsgemäß 5 .. 10% (je nach Modultyp). Dieser kann zwar nicht mit einer Nachführung in x/y-Richtung (15 .. 25%) konkurrieren, bewirkt aber immerhin eine Investitionsentlastung um besagten %-Wert
• e2) der Ankippwinkel kann im Winter (bei sehr niedrigem Sonnenstand und zu befürchtender Verschattung der Reihen untereinander, stundengenau angepasst werden. => geringerer Reihenabstand möglich => mehr „Packungsdichte" an Modulen pro m²
• e3) durch die motorische Verstellbarkeit ist im Winter das „Abwerfen" non Schnee möglich, was bei starren Anlagen überhaupt nicht funktioniert und den Ertrag mindert => 1 .. 2% Mehrertrag
• f) das System ist gut vorzufertigen, und kann als komplette Modul-Einheit, auch elektrisch komplett in einem Stück per (ggf. Eigenlade-) Kran auf das Dach gehoben werden => verbesserte Witterungs-Unabhängigkeit der Montage
• g) mit z.B. bis zu 6 m Spannweite sind die Traversen mit gängiger LKW-Pritsche/Anhänger „am Stück" transportierbar
• h) es ist gut montierbar: da nur ein rotations-zentrischer Bolzen beim Befestigen auf dem Dach in das Lager auf dem Längsträger gesteckt werden braucht, während die andere Seite nach dem Absetzen auf dem Ringanker des Gebäudes liegt und „steht"

The advantages of the proposed system at a glance:

• a) no surface roof load, but conditions of the side members only at defined loadable points
• b) Roof area remains accessible for revision and renovation cases
• c) self-locking storm relief / minimal attack surface
• d) automatic return to the position of use after storm
• e) by the optional combination with motor pitch adjustment additionally:
• e1) Tracking in the z-axis results in a gain in solar yield of 5 to 10% according to experience (depending on the module type). Although this can not compete with a tracking in the x / y direction (15 .. 25%), but at least causes an investment relief by said% value
• e2) The tilt angle can be adjusted in the winter (with very low sun position and feared shading of the rows among each other, to the hour) => smaller row spacing possible => more "packing density" of modules per m ²
• e3) by the motor adjustability in the winter the "throwing off" non snow is possible, which does not work at all with rigid plants and reduces the yield => 1 .. 2% additional yield
• f) the system is well prefabricated, and can be used as a complete module unit, also electrically complete in one piece by (possibly self-loading) crane on the Roof to be lifted => improved weather-independence of the assembly
• g) with up to 6 m wingspan, for example, the trusses can be transported "by the block" with a standard truck bed / trailer
• h) it is easy to assemble: since only one rotary-centric bolt needs to be plugged into the bearing on the side member when fixing it on the roof, while the other side lies on the ring anchor of the building after setting down and "stands"

In 1 the truss-longitudinal and transverse structure is shown as a three-dimensional sketch. Due to the scalability only 3 traverses are indicated. There will usually be several rows in a row and several rows next to each other. These are exemplary for each further sketched.

( 1 ) hereby indicate the building of the owner of storey buildings (housing industry, etc.) or warehouses (company), with dashed lines the beams of the static structure and again with ( 1 ), a support bar should be indicated. ( 2 ) is the "outer" bearing block, which on the ring anchor of the building ( 1 ) with heavy duty dowels and screws ( 8th ) is attached. ( 3 ) is the actual traverse with eg welded, angled plates or suitable module holders made of steel strip or similar. ( 4 ) are the generally solar modules, which are here semitransparently indicated, so that one recognizes the structure below. ( 5 ) is a support sufficient intrinsic gravity such as a concrete block. On this the "inner bearing block" is screwed on or the bearing blocks are immediately embedded in the concrete. 5 ) with inner bearing block becomes the "longest beam system" ( 6 ), which is designed, for example, as a HEB heavy-duty carrier with eg 6 m span.

Essential to the invention is that the entire traverse around the fulcrum ( 7 ) to the rear - tiltable - is stored, with an end stop at said pivot point ( 7 ) prevents overfolding to the rear. The modules on the crossbar can thus reach a maximum in the horizontal, and tilt after slowing down of gusts again slowly forward. A sudden "forward tilting" when changing direction of the gusts of wind is inventively prevented by a suitable weight distribution ratio is selected - here, for example, 3 / 7'tel to 4 / 7'tel trim weights cause a final fine adjustment.

Furthermore essential to the invention is that a geared motor ( 9 ) (not necessarily). It can be designed, for example, as a spindle motor or as a windscreen wiper motor. The swivel arm ( 10 ) The latter version rotates in a circle through 360 ° or, depending on the design, at an angle of eg 120 ° back and forth. A limit switch is used to synchronize movements of several (all) trusses simultaneously.

• – Außen-Temperatur < 0°C => die Steuerung sorgt einmal früh morgens dafür, dass der Getriebe-Motor in untere Endlage fährt und die Module sehr steil stehen, um ggf. darauf liegenden Schnee abzuwerfen
• – Datum/Zeit => Winterzeit => der Sonnenstand ist sehr flach, was früh zu Verschattung der Modulreihen untereinander führen würde (bei eng gewähltem geringem Reihenabstand) => die Steuerung fährt die Module zwischen 8:00 und 11:00 Uhr sehr flach, um gegenseitige Verschattung zu vermeiden => zwischen 11:00 und 14:00 Uhr steht die Sonne auch für Winterverhältnisse relativ hoch. Die Module werden jetzt sehr steil gestellt, um während der Zeit, wo keine Verschattung droht, den optimalen Anstellwinkel zu erreichen => ab 14:00 Uhr werden die Module wieder sehr flach gefahren um Verschattung bei niedriger Süd-West-Sonne zu vermeiden => wie beispielhaft gezeigt, kann man in jeder Jahres- und Tages-Zeit-Situation den optimalen Anstellwinkel anfahren
• – bei (an sich nicht üblichen) Süd-Stürmen, kann über einen Windmesser die Windgeschwindigkeit und Tendenz der Zunahme oder Abnahme erfasst werden, und bei kritischen Größen die Module motorisch in die Waagerechte gefahren werden
• – dies könnte mit Sensoren „flankiert" werden – eine Notwendigkeit scheint jedoch nicht gegeben, da eine reine Zeitsteuerung reicht

Through a μ-computer control ( 11 ) various external states are recorded, eg and in particular:

• - Outside temperature <0 ° C => once a morning, the control ensures that the geared motor moves to the lower end position and the modules are very steep, in order to shed any snow lying on it
• - Date / Time => Wintertime => the sun's position is very shallow, which would lead to shading of the module rows at an early stage (with tightly selected small row spacing) => the control system shuts the modules very flat between 8:00 and 11:00, to avoid mutual shading => between 11:00 and 14:00, the sun is relatively high even in winter conditions. The modules are now placed very steeply in order to achieve the optimum angle of attack during the time when there is no danger of shading => from 14:00 clock the modules are again driven very flat to avoid shading in low south-west sun => As shown by way of example, you can approach the optimum angle of attack in every year and day-time situation
• - in (not usual) South storms, an anemometer, the wind speed and tendency of increase or decrease can be detected, and at critical sizes, the modules are driven by a motor in the horizontal
• - this could be "flanked" with sensors - but there does not seem to be a need, as pure time control is enough

Claims (3)

Mechanical carrier system in traverse form for Inclusion of solar modules of known type characterized by that extra storage at the left and right end of the crossbar selbige rotates doing They easily overloaded by suitable mounting of the modules learns to the bottom, and thus brings itself by gravity into the position of use. The latter especially after possible storm from north or north-west, in which she turns herself "out of the wind", namely up to a stop, which allows a maximum horizontal position. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that on one and / or both Lagerböck (s) a geared motor is mounted, the knitting device / lever presses against a bearing point of the traverse with the modules, without this to be rigidly connected. Device according to claim 1 and 2, with geared motor known type characterized in that a central unit the (the) arranged according to the invention Gear motor (s) controls such that the following external conditions in a suitable Be reacted by adjusting the angle of the modules can: 3.1 Winter => snow load probability => drop off 3.2 Date / Time => optimal Angle of attack of the modules 3.3 Storm from south => Motorized modules in horizontal direction