DE202005020071U1 - Transducer, has electrical machine including rotor with hollow space that runs axially and openable on both sides, and converting device arranged in space for converting electrical energy into material flow or vice-versa - Google Patents

Abstract

The transducer has an electrical machine (2) with a stator (6) and a rotor (8), which includes a hollow space (9) that runs axially and openable on both sides. The hollow space stays in working connection with access openings, so that the openings make possible a material flow through the hollow space. A converting device is arranged in the hollow space and converts electrical energy into the material flow or vice-versa. An independent claim is also included for a multi-stage transducer.

Description

The Invention relates to a converter with an electric machine, wherein the electric machine comprises a stator and one about an axis of rotation rotatable rotor, wherein the transducer has two access openings has, over which is a possible material flow takes place, and wherein the converter has a conversion device, via which supplied to the stator electrical energy into the material flow or vice versa the material flow can be implemented in the output of the stator electrical energy. The invention also relates to a multi-stage converter with a Plurality of converter stages connected in series in the axial direction to a unit.

at The materials in the stream may be fluids, i. to thin up viscous as well to gaseous Substances act. Examples are Water, oils or even air. The substances may also be pasty substances act, such as around creams or fats. Under the term substance are also trickle or pourable substances in the form of powder or granules, e.g. Flour, sand or gravel. It can also be a mixture or to the substance a mixture of gaseous Fabrics and different liquids act, such as a sol. Likewise, the substance may be around a mixture or a mixture of gaseous substances and solid constituents, such as. Dust. It can continue with the substance around a mixture or a mixture of liquid Substances and solid constituents. Finally, a mix or a mixture have all the aforementioned types of substances. An example for this is wastewater.

Under The term converter is to be understood to mean a device which has electrical Energy in a material flow and vice versa energy from the material flow converted into electrical energy. In the case of fluids one speaks in such converters and turbomachines.

In a first mode, i. the implementation of electrical energy into a stream, the transducer operates motorically, i. as a work machine. The converter is thus a conveyor. In this case, the electrical machine is about an electric motor. The stator of the electric motor sets the from a power supply absorbed electrical energy in a magnetic field, which by induction into mechanical Rotation energy is converted in the rotor. Along this chain of action Furthermore, mechanical energy is converted into a material stream, i. into a particle stream, with a corresponding force in motion is offset.

in the Case of fluids is called in the motor converter of a pump, e.g. from a centrifugal pump. In a special case of gaseous Substances are referred to as fans, fans or compressors.

In a second mode, i. the implementation of the material flow in From the stator output electrical energy, the converter operates regenerative, i. as an engine. In this case it acts The electric machine is a generator. It will be then according to the reverse order of the chain of action the energy reacted in the stream in energy to be delivered by the stator. The ones from Stator output energy can then, for. from a connected Power supply network to be included.

at The generator converter is also called in the case of fluids from a turbine, such as e.g. for liquid substances from a water turbine or at gaseous Substances from a steam turbine.

The electrical machine of the converter is in a mechanical operative connection with a conversion device. The Umsetzzeinrichtung sets over the induced magnetic field of the stator converted kinetic rotational energy into a stream and vice versa the energy from the stream into kinetic rotational energy.

ever according to the present substance, the conversion device has a special advantageous embodiment.

So is in the case of pasty, powdery, free-flowing and pourable substances, but also in the case of liquids or mixtures or mixtures with liquids, a screw advantageous. The screw is e.g. a helix in the form of sheet metal in one Corridor or in several corridors wrapped around a shaft. The shaft is then mostly with connected to the rotor of the electric machine. This embodiment is beneficial for less viscous substances. For the other aforementioned substances is the formation of the screw in Form of a meat grinder known from the food industry Advantage. Per revolution of the screw conveyor is at low pitch angles a high conveying or feed force at comparatively low volume achievable. If, on the other hand, the pitch angle is comparatively high, so is the auger per revolution a comparatively large one delivery achievable at low feed force.

In the case of liquid substances, the conversion device is preferably a propeller which, for example, has the shape of a ship's propeller. In particular, the blades or the wings have an in to some extent curved surface. The individual blades or the individual blades of the propeller rotate about a shaft, which is usually axially connected to the rotor of the electric machine. The number of blades or the wing is preferably in a range between 3 and 5.

in the Case of gaseous Substances, the conversion device is preferably a propeller or a turbine, which or which blades or wings with a nearly flat surface having. Compared to the blades or to the wings in the Fall of the liquid Substances, the number here is preferably 6 and more.

The The aforementioned conversion devices are usually used on an asynchronous machine, such as e.g. on a three-phase asynchronous machine, operated. More powerful, but more expensive electrical machines are also known e.g. Synchronous machines, which have a rotor with high permeability permanent magnets.

asynchronous or synchronous machines can also directly to a voltage or power supply, in particular on a three-phase power supply, such as on a 50 Hz / 400 V three-phase system, operate.

alternative is also the operation of asynchronous machines or synchronous machines possible on an inverter or on a converter. To this Way is a controlled operation of the electrical machines possible.

through of an inverter it is also possible to use the Asynchronous machine or the synchronous machine to a DC voltage, such as. to operate on a 12V or 24V DC voltage. In In this case, the inverter usually sets the DC input voltage into a 3-phase voltage system.

adversely on the transducers described above is the relatively large size in comparison to the flow cross-section the access openings. moreover These converters have a variety of components that are suitable for the electrical Machine and for the Implementing required become. The structure of such converter is therefore complex and complex.

Farther have known pumps as a motor converter the disadvantage that they have a relatively high flow resistance exhibit. This is e.g. in a centrifugal pump of the case, which a liquid through several bends must promote. Above all, this is in a pipe system of disadvantage, in which a possible straightforward fluid delivery required becomes.

It Thus, it is an object of the invention to provide a transducer which allows a more compact and simpler construction.

It another object of the invention is to provide a transducer which in comparison to known converters a lower flow resistance allows for a same cross section of the access openings.

Farther It is an object of the invention to provide a converter, the one higher Efficiency has.

Finally is It is an object of the invention to provide a multi-stage converter based specify such a converter.

The Task is solved with a converter with an electric machine, the electric Machine a stator and a rotatable about a rotation axis rotor having. The rotor has an axis of rotation, axially extending and axially on both sides open cavity with a rotor inside on. The cavity is operatively connected to two access openings of the transducer, so that over the access openings an axially passing through the cavity passing material flow is possible. in the Cavity is arranged a conversion device, via which the stator supplied electrical Energy can be converted into the material flow or vice versa the material flow can be implemented in the output of the stator electrical energy.

Of the size Advantage of the invention is due to the fact that for the motor and generator operation of the electric machine little used central area of the rotor in the axial direction now for an otherwise usual outside the converting machine used electrical machine used can be. It can therefore advantageously the function of a conversion device in the form of a propeller, a turbine or a snail in the now to disposal standing cavity can be integrated.

By The axial alignment of the newly created cavity will also Bends and bends avoided in the direction of the material flow. This will be advantageous the flow resistance reduces and ultimately the overall efficiency of the converter according to the invention elevated.

A further advantage is that such a converter has considerably fewer components due to the integration of the conversion device into the cavity. Such a converter is therefore less complex and complex in construction and thus easier to maintain. Due to the fact, The fact that fewer components are required for such a converter also advantageously increases the service life of such a converter.

In a preferred embodiment the electric machine of the converter according to the invention is an asynchronous machine. The rotor of this asynchronous machine is a squirrel cage rotor. The Asynchronous machine has the particular advantage of being particularly Cheap can be produced, also brushless and thus can be carried out particularly low maintenance. asynchronous can e.g. Three-phase executed be and, as described above, also directly to a power grid, such as. on a 50Hz / 400V three-phase mains.

alternative The electrical machine of the converter is a synchronous machine. In this case, the rotor of the electric machine has a plurality of permanent magnets on. The permanent magnets are for this purpose on the lateral surface of the cylindrically shaped rotor applied.

The Synchronous machine has a very compared to the asynchronous machine high power density. This way can be even more compact Transducer can be realized.

The electric machine of the converter can also be operated as a generator become. The decoupled from the flow of energy can then be advantageous be fed into a power grid. Another advantage is that with the converted from the material flow electrical Energy e.g. a connected sensor unit or measured value acquisition unit can be operated. The measured value acquisition unit may be e.g. readings in connection with the flow of material, e.g. the flow volume, the pressure or the temperature of the material stream. That way you can up the integration of chemical energy sources, such as Batteries, and to an external power connector for such a measuring device be waived.

In a particular embodiment is the electrical machine of the converter in both directions of rotation operated. This can advantageously a stream in both directions causes or taken energy in both directions from a stream become.

in the Special is the conversion device of the converter with the inside connected to the rotor. This is a particularly effective torque transmission possible from the rotor to the transfer device. The converting device can e.g. also in the form of a sleeve be fitted in the interior of the rotor. The torque transmission then takes over a non-positive Connection between the outside the Umsetzein direction and the inside of the rotor. The torque transmission from rotor to the conversion device may alternatively or additionally via a positive-locking connection, such as. by means of a tongue and groove pairing done.

In a preferred embodiment According to the invention, the rotor of the electric machine has an axial extending cavity with a circular cross section. In In this case, the cavity of the rotor is cylindrical. The particular advantage of this embodiment lies in the fact that over the entire axial course towards a uniform pipe cross-section with a uniform flow resistance is present.

in the In the case of a polygonal cross section, the rotor forms flat surfaces the inside of the rotor, on which in manufacturing technology Particularly easy wings or blades of a transfer device can be attached.

Of the inventive converter can be connected to a pipe or to a pipe system a nozzle for the respective access opening exhibit. This allows the converter in a particularly simple manner be integrated into an existing pipe system.

Of the Stub preferably has a circular cross section, wherein a Normal through the center of the cross section and the axis of rotation of the Rotor axially in alignment. In this way one becomes axially flowing stream with a low flow resistance reached.

In a particularly preferred embodiment the nozzle and the rotor have a substantially same circular Cross-section on. This has the advantage that over the entire axial flow of the material flow a uniformly small flow cross-section for the material flow is reached.

Between Rotor and nozzle may preferably be introduced a seal, so that advantageously the stator and the air gap between Stator and rotor opposite the material flow or opposite flowing in the stream Fabric is sealed.

Of the Stator of the electric machine can also be formed encapsulated so that advantageously the stator can be protected from environmental influences such as e.g. across from penetrating aggressive substances from the stream, is protected.

In one possible embodiment, the Implementing a screw. The worm is for example a helix in the form of sheets, which is wound in a corridor or in several courses around a shaft. The shaft can then be connected, for example via radial struts with the inside of the rotor and driven by them.

The Snail can also have a helix in the form of sheets, which run along the inside of the rotor and connected to this are. Also, the screw may have a helix in the form of sheets, wherein the helix is inserted with its radial outer side in a sleeve, their cylindrical outer Lateral surface then positively and / or non-positively connected to the inside of the rotor is. By means of the snail, as already described, pasty, powdery, free-flowing and pourable substances, but also liquids and other substance mixtures or substance mixtures are transported.

In a particular embodiment the worm is designed so that it is a continuous axial opening along the axis of rotation of the rotor. This way you can e.g. in a promotion of brackish water or sewage contrary to excess water through this opening the conveying direction be deposited.

In a particular embodiment has the screw or auger an axially changing one Climb up. The special advantage of this is that compressible Fabrics, such as e.g. gaseous Fabrics, foams or air-containing Substances, increasingly by the increasing slope in the axial direction can be compressed. One Such converter can also be used as a compressor or screw compressor be considered, in which a corresponding increasing pressure is constructed in the axial direction.

The Umsetzzeinrichtung can alternatively to the screw or screw conveyor have as a conversion device a propeller or a turbine. As described above, the propeller is particularly advantageous for the transport of liquid Substances as well as gaseous ones Suitable substances. For generator operation of the converter is the Implementing a screw, a turbine or a propeller. About these can advantageously energy from the material flow over the Rotor and stator in the form of an electric current in a power supply network fed back become. The electrical energy can also be connected to the operation electrical components and equipment parts are used.

The Implementing device may also have a plurality of axially arranged one behind the other Propellers or turbines have. Also in this case can be a gradual Compaction of compressible substances in the direction of the outlet opening as access opening be achieved. The series connection of the propeller or allows the turbines In addition, a more uniform application of force into the material flow or force discharge from the material flow. By This arrangement is an elongated converter possible, which but in comparison to other converter solutions only one slight larger cross-section has as the pipe cross-section of a connected pipe system.

In a particular advantageous embodiment, the propeller or the turbines on blades or wings, which on the inside of the Rotor are attached.

Of the particular advantage lies in the fact that a central shaft to drive the converting device is not needed. It can thus be advantageous to the Inside of the rotor used to attach the wings and blades become. An additional Wave, which is mounted along the axis of rotation, thus eliminating advantageous. The blades or turbines can also be in the form of a sleeve as a conversion device be introduced into the cavity of the rotor, wherein the cylindrical Outer surface of the Sleeve with the rotor inside a positive and / or non-positive connection received.

In a further embodiment have the blades or the wings a respect the axis of rotation in the radial direction of changing angle of attack. This particularly advantageous embodiment contributes to the circumstance Account that substances, such as Liquids, which a pipe system or flow through a pipe, have a flow resistance increasing towards the edge. In other words, this means that the flow resistance in the middle of the pipe is lowest while he on the outside the pipe is the largest. changed Now the angle of attack in the radial direction to the center so that it increases, so at the edge area is a lesser Thrust and in the central area causes an increased feed. On This way is advantageously the feed of the transported Especially where the flow resistance is the lowest, i.e. in the central axial region of the axis of rotation. It can be a shovel or a wing, starting from the inside of the rotor in the radial direction, also over the Rotary axis of the rotor extend beyond, with the respective screws or wings are arranged to each other so that they do not touch then.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the blades or the blades of the propeller or of the turbine are each in order a pivot axis arranged pivotably in the radial direction of the rotor. The blades are then pivotable in a first material flow direction in a first pivot position, so that the blades or the wings close together side by side tightly or overlap. In an opposite material flow direction, the blades are pivotable in a second pivot position, so that the blades now form a propeller or a turbine.

Under certain circumstances can in particular on the respective blades or on the respective blades radially arranged flow aids, such as. Baffles, be provided. This will be during the motor operation of the converter sufficient delivery pressure to overcome the valve action of the closed blades or the wing achieved in the sense of a jump start.

Of the particular advantage of the invention lies in the fact that the transfer device, i.e. the propeller or the turbine, at the same time form a valve, so that a material flow in only one direction is possible. This can be done a stream of material, such as in the motor case, only in one direction accomplish. A reflux of the material flow is due to the valve action of the blades or the wing however no longer possible.

Of the previously described propeller or the turbine described above with the pivoting blades or wings with the special valve action can also be independent from the converter in otherwise known flow machines use.

In a further embodiment The invention may provide a valve for controlling material flow direction be. By doing so leaves advantageous to set only in one direction a flow of material.

In a further embodiment is the relationship between the outside diameter of the stator and the inner diameter of the rotor between 1.1 and 4, in particular in a range of 1.2 and 2.5. This is the Advantage that an extremely compact Transducer can be realized, which has a comparatively large cavity for one potential Material flow forms.

According to one another embodiment are in the cavity and / or on the inside of the rotor more permanent magnets intended. However, these permanent magnets are not for the magnetic Circle of the electric machine meaningful, but are magnetic Treatment of the flowing through Medium, especially of water, provided. So it is known that a magnetic field invigorating water acts. It is also known that magnetically treated water calcifications a with the transducer related water pipe system diminished.

The Task is still solved by a multi-stage transducer having a plurality of in the axial direction one behind the other to a unit connected converter stages, wherein the respective converter a conversion device, each with a different Have Anstellwinkel. The multi-stage converter is advantageous for the respective applications, where gradually compressing a to be promoted Stoffes provided or required.

Finally it works according to a embodiment the converter or the multi-stage converter, the axial width of the Transfer device not over the width of the electric machine or, over the total axial width of the converter or of the multistage converter. This can For example, the converter or the multi-stage converter as a complete unit be replaced in a pipe system.

Further advantageous properties of the invention will become apparent from the exemplary explanation based on the figures. It shows:

1 By way of example, a transducer shown in perspective with two access openings, an electrical machine and a respective nozzle for connection to a pipe at the respective access opening,

2 a sectional view along a rotation axis of the exemplary transducer according to 1 with an exemplary screw as a conversion device,

3 a cross section through the exemplary transducer according to 1 along the section line III-III of 1 comprising in the stator a bobbin, a rotor designed as a squirrel cage rotor and a worm with a along the axis of rotation axially extending through hole according to the invention,

4 by way of example a propeller shown in perspective as a transfer device with, by way of example, three blades according to the invention,

5 by way of example, another propeller shown in perspective as a conversion device with three self-rotating blades according to the invention,

6 a sectional view of a transducer with a synchronous machine along the axis of rotation according to the invention,

7 exemplifies the converter according to 6 with a valve integrated in a socket of the access opening according to the invention,

8th an example of a multi-stage converter with three converter stages connected in series to form a module, wherein the converter stages have screws with mutually different angles of attack,

9 by way of example a further converter, which has a particularly elongated design in the axial direction with a correspondingly elongated screw, wherein the screw has a varying pitch in the axial course, and

10 for example, a propeller or an exemplary turbine with six pivotable blades, which close in a material flow direction according to the invention to a valve.

1 shows an example of a perspective converter shown 1 with two access openings 4 . 5 , an electric machine 2 and one nozzle each eighteen for connection to a pipe at the respective access opening 4 . 5 , The converter 1 is in a case 3 including protection against contact and protection against external environmental influences. The reference A denotes the axis of rotation of the transducer 1 characterized.

2 shows a sectional view along a rotation axis A of the exemplary transducer 1 according to 1 with an exemplary snail 20 as a conversion device. 2 further shows an asynchronous machine as an electric machine 2 which is a stator 6 with a bobbin 7 and a squirrel cage rotor 8th having. The rotor 8th is usually made of a plurality of lamellae of a magnetic material, such as. As iron sheet, made. The rotor 8th according to the invention comprises a rotary axis A comprehensive, axially extending and axially on both sides open cavity 9 with a rotor inside 17 on.

The example of the 2 According to a further embodiment of the invention formed to a hollow cylinder cavity 9 stands with the two access openings 4 . 5 of the converter 1 in an operative connection, leaving over the access openings 4 . 5 axially through the cavity 9 or through the hollow cylinder passing material flow is possible. In the case of the same material flow direction is ever one of the access openings 4 . 5 the inlet opening or the corresponding outlet opening.

According to the invention, the screw is 20 as a conversion device in the cavity 9 or introduced in the hollow cylinder. About the snail 20 is the stator 6 supplied electrical energy into the stream or, conversely, the flow of material in from the stator 6 discharged electrical energy can be implemented. In the present example the 2 shows the snail 20 a slope σ of more than 45 °, so that in the present example, only a motorized operation of the screw 20 or the converter 1 is possible. In this case, it is the converter 1 to a conveyor with an asynchronous motor as an electrical machine 2 ,

The 2 shows that the rotor 8th by means of two ball bearings 10 in the case 3 of the converter 1 is stored. As a result, a virtually backlash-free storage of the rotor 8th possible. Alternatively, magnetic bearings for the rotor 8th can be used so that bearing losses can be almost completely avoided.

In addition, the converter 1 formed such that the stator 6 is executed encapsulated. In the example of 2 This is done by placing one in the air gap between the stator 6 and rotor 8th introduced cylindrical partition 14 reached. The partition 14 can be made of a plastic, for example.

According to the present 2 is still the rotor 6 by means of a ring seal 19 opposite the access openings or opposite the nozzle eighteen sealed executed. As already described above, this is a seal of the cavity 9 opposite the rotor 8th as well as a seal of the cavity 9 opposite the stator 6 reached. The reference character B is the inner diameter of the rotor 8th and the reference character C, the outer diameter of the stator 6 designated. The reference character D denotes the axial width of the electric machine 2 , E is the total width of the transducer 1 referred to in the axial direction.

According to one embodiment, the ratio is between the outer diameter C of the stator 6 and the inner diameter B of the rotor 8th between 1.1 and 4, in particular in a range between 1.2 and 2.5. In the present example the 2 the ratio is about 1.5, so that for a possible material flow a comparatively large cavity 9 is available.

3 shows a cross section through the exemplary transducer 1 along a section line III according to 1 , The converter 1 points in the stator 6 a bobbin 7 , a rotor designed as a squirrel-cage rotor 8th as well as a snail 20 with an axially extending along the axis of rotation A through hole 15 according to the invention. The sectional view shows the bobbin 7 in the stator 6 in a simplified representation. The three individual and nested coils of the bobbin 7 for the formation of a three-phase system are not shown themselves. Be the three coils of the bobbin 7 energized via a connected three-phase three-phase supply, such as a conventional 50Hz / 400V three-phase network of a power company, so a rotating magnetic field in the stator 6 generated, which rotates circularly about the axis of rotation A.

3 further shows a cross section through the rotor 8th which, like the stator 6 , made of a magnetic material, such as iron, is made. Usually the stator 6 and the rotor 8th made of a laminated core with a variety of fins to reduce eddy current losses. In the cross section of the rotor 8th are also shorting bars 12 recognizable, which at the respective axial end of the rotor 8th lead into a short-circuit ring and which are electrically connected to each other there. One in the stator 6 generated rotating magnetic field induces now in squirrel cage 8th a tension. The resulting rotor or squirrel cage rotor 8th resulting short-circuit currents now in turn generate a magnetic field, which the exciting magnetic field of the stator 6 is opposite. That in the rotor 8th The magnetic field generated is predominantly circular because of the low magnetic resistance of the rotor material. The cavity 9 of the rotor 8th remains largely field-free.

The 3 shows next to the cut contour of the screw 20 the sectional contour of the axially continuous opening 15 , As described above is about this opening 15 , such as in the promotion of mixtures and mixtures of liquids and solids, excess liquid opposite to the direction of discharge excreted.

4 shows a propeller exemplified in perspective 24 as a conversion device with example three blades 27 according to the invention. The three shovels 27 are on the inside 17 of the rotor 8th appropriate. For simplified assembly or production, the blades 27 with its outside side 30 also on an inner side of a shell 16 be attached, so that the conversion device or the propeller 24 as a complete unit in the cavity 9 of the rotor 8th can be inserted and fixed there.

In the 4 shown arrangement of the blades 27 has according to the invention, a very low flow resistance compared to conventional axially mounted propellers, in which the shaft is mounted in the axis of rotation A. Usually, a re relatively large cross-sectional area is already required for the wave itself, which is no longer available for mass transfer. On the other hand, as the present invention shows, the complete cross-section can now advantageously be used for propulsion or for conveying a substance.

The reference α indicates the angle of attack of the respective blades 27 designated. Depending on the set angle α either a large delivery volume at low delivery force per revolution or at a small angle α a small delivery volume at a high feed force is possible.

5 shows another exemplary propeller shown in perspective 25 as a conversion device with three twisted blades 28 according to the invention. Starting from a starting angle of the angle of attack β in the region of the blade attachment 30 now takes in the radial direction of the angle of attack β to the center towards. In this way it is achieved that, in particular in the inner region of the cavity 9 a larger angle of attack is achieved, since in this area in particular the flow resistance is the lowest. According to the invention, the propulsion is thus effected mainly in the areas in which the flow resistance is the lowest. The overall efficiency of this arrangement is thereby increased.

6 shows a cross-sectional view of a transducer 1 with a synchronous machine as an electric machine 2 along the axis of rotation A according to the invention. In comparison to 2 points the rotor 8th instead of the magnetic carrier material and the copper rods 12 an example made of plastic substrate, in which permanent magnets 13 are admitted. The permanent magnets 13 are arranged so that these circular through one of the stator 6 applied circular magnetic field be pulled. Due to the very high magnetic induction of the permanent magnets 13 are in a very small space very high torsional moments from the stator 6 on the rotor 8th transferable. The polarity of the permanent magnets changes in the circular direction from a north pole to a south pole, so that over the entire circumference of the rotor 8th a cyclically changing magnetic field is generated, which is connected to the exciting field of the stator 6 interacts.

7 shows the exemplary converter 1 according to 6 with one in a neck eighteen of the electrical transformer 1 integrated valve 40 according to the invention. The valve 40 has exemplary valve flaps 42 on, which open at an assumed flow direction from left to right, so that a stream through the resulting openings corresponding to the arrows is possible. In the opposite flow direction, ie in the present image plane from right to left, close these valve flaps 42 automatically, so that through the now closed valve openings 41 no material transport is possible anymore.

8th shows an example of a multi-stage converter 50 with three to a unit sequentially connected converter stages 51 - 53 , wherein the converter stages 51 - 53 one snail each 20 - 22 having a different angle of attack. With the reference numerals 4 and 5 are the access openings of the common unit 50 characterized. The multi-level converter 50 is according to the example of 8th from a common inverter or inverter 60 fed, which the respective converter stages 51 - 53 independently powered. The inverter or inverter 60 may also be adapted to a speed-controlled operation of the respective converter stages 51 - 53 to enable.

Due to the different angle of attack of the screws 20 - 22 is gradually a different compression of a compressible substance possible. According to the example of the present 8th is so through the first converter stage 51 in the left picture the 8th precompression due to a relatively large pitch of the screw 20 reached. The middle wall lerstufe 52 causes with another snail 21 a further compression of the substance. Finally, the third converter stage sets 53 the previous compression pressure by means of the third screw 22 with a relatively small pitch to a final pressure high, which at the exit port 5 pending.

The inverter or inverter 60 is connectable to a power grid N. About this power grid N is electrical energy to drive the multi-stage converter 50 taken.

9 shows another exemplary converter 1 , which is a particularly elongated design in the axial direction with a correspondingly elongated screw 23 having, wherein the screw 23 has a varying slope in the axial course. This has the particular advantage that evenly compressing a compressible material from an inlet opening 4 to an exit opening 5 is effected.

10 shows an exemplary propeller or an exemplary turbine 26 with six swiveling blades 29 which close in a flow direction according to the invention to a valve. The shovels 29 are each about a pivot axis 31 in the radial direction R of the rotor 8th arranged pivotally. The respective pivot axes 31 are in a socket 37 in the radial outer region of a sleeve 36 brought in. The sleeve 36 has, for example, a polygonal inner cross section and a circular outer cross section.

According to the invention, the blades are 29 pivotable in a first flow direction in a first pivot position, so that the blades 29 side by side 32 close tightly together. The respective pages 29 can be gummed, for example, to a proper seal between the respective sides of the blade 32 to achieve. Preferably, the blades have 29 also on their side facing the blade side 35 also a seal, such as a rubber coating, on. According to the example of 8th can the shovel 29 with its outer side facing blade side 35 in one of these opposite flat surface 34 , which are outside of the sleeve 36 is introduced, move. According to the invention, the blades are now 29 pivotable in a second direction of flow in a second pivoting position, so that the blades 29 form a propeller or a turbine.

The present example is the blades 29 and the sleeve 36 matched so that the respective blades 29 counterclockwise S can pivot in the open pivot position. At the bottom of the 10 this is an inclined position of an exemplary blade seen in projection 29 shown in dashed lines. With the reference number 33 are now the oblique side edges designated. Under these assumptions is now a stream into the image plane of 10 into it possible. In an opposite material flow direction, the blades would 29 however, close the opening.

Will the propeller or the turbine 26 now driven in the counterclockwise direction, so a stream of material takes place in the image plane. In contrast, the blades would 29 in an opposite direction of rotation, ie clockwise, again close tightly together. Are the blades 29 due to the valve action of the propeller or the turbine 26 locked together, and are located propeller or the turbine 26 at standstill, so under certain circumstances flow aids, such as baffles, may be required. This will be at a subsequent drive of the propeller or the turbine 26 counterclockwise produces sufficient feed pressure which is greater than the pressure currently present on the discharge side, so that the blades 29 can swing into the open pivot position.

In the present example, the pivot axes 31 symmetrical within the blades 29 arranged. The respective pivot axes 31 but can also be arranged asymmetrically. It it is also possible to provide spring elements which, upon application of a prestress, form the blades 29 open or closed within certain limits.

1

converter

2

electrical machine

3

casing

4

Access opening, inlet port

5

Access opening, outlet

6

stator

7

Kitchen sink

8th

rotor

9

cavity

10

ball-bearing

11

Shorting ring

12

Shorting bars

13

permanent magnet

14

partition wall

15

through axially extending cylindrical Öff

voltage

16

shell

17

inside the sleeve or the rotor

18

Support, pipe connection

19

Sealing ring O-ring

20-26

Transcriber

20-22

Slug, Auger

23

Slug, Auger with different

pitch

24-26

propeller

27-29

propeller blade

30

mounting side the blades

31

swivel arm

32

radial Blade edges in closed condition

33

radial Scoop edges in the open Status

34

plans inside

35

Bucket bottom edge

36

Sleeve with polygonal inner cross-section

37

Rifle, camp

38

a flow aid, baffle

40

Valve

41

valve plate with passages

42

valve flaps

50

multistage converter

51-53

converter stage

60

Inverters, inverter

α

angle of attack

β

variable angle of attack

σ

pitch the wave

A

axis

B

Inner diameter of the rotor

C

outer diameter of the stator

D

width the electric machine

e

axial Total width of the converter

N

Power supply network

R

radial swivel axis

S

pan direction in the forward direction

WR

inverter

UR

inverter

Claims (25)

Transducer with an electric machine ( 2 ), - wherein the electric machine ( 2 ) a stator ( 6 ) and about a rotational axis (A) rotatable rotor ( 8th ), wherein the rotor ( 8th ) a the axis of rotation (A) comprehensive, axially extending and axially on both sides open cavity ( 9 ) with a rotor inside ( 17 ), wherein the cavity ( 9 ) with two access openings ( 4 . 5 ) of the transducer is in operative connection, so that via the access openings ( 4 . 5 ) axially through the cavity ( 9 ) passing through the material flow is possible, - wherein in the cavity ( 9 ) a conversion device ( 20 - 26 ), and - wherein the conversion device ( 20 - 26 ) the stator ( 6 ) supplied electrical energy into the material flow or, conversely, the flow of material in from the stator ( 6 ) emitted electrical energy is implemented. Converter according to claim 1, characterized in that the electric machine ( 2 ) is an asynchronous machine, wherein the rotor ( 8th ) is a squirrel cage rotor. Converter according to claim 1, characterized in that the electric machine ( 2 ) is a synchronous machine, wherein the rotor ( 8th ) a plurality of permanent magnets ( 13 ) having. Transducer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electric machine ( 2 ) is operable as a generator. Transducer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electric machine ( 2 ) is operable in both directions of rotation. Transducer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the conversion device ( 20 - 26 ) with the inside ( 17 ) of the rotor ( 8th ) connected is. Converter according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the rotor ( 8th ) axially extending cavity ( 9 ) has a circular or polygonal cross-section. Transducer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transducer for connecting to a pipe a nozzle ( eighteen ) for each access opening ( 4 . 5 ) having. Transducer according to claim 7 and 8, characterized in that - the neck ( eighteen ) has a circular cross section with a center, and that a normal through the center and the axis of rotation (A) of the rotor ( 8th ) axially in alignment. Transducer according to Claim 9, characterized in that the connecting piece ( eighteen ) and the rotor ( 8th ) have a substantially same circular cross-section. Converter according to one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that between rotor ( 6 ) and nozzles ( eighteen ) a seal ( 19 ) is introduced. Transducer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the stator ( 6 ) is formed encapsulated. Transducer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the conversion device ( 20 - 26 ) a snail ( 20 - 23 ). Transducer according to claim 13, characterized in that the worm ( 20 - 23 ) an axially extending opening ( 15 ) having. Transducer according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the worm ( 20 - 23 ) has a gradient which varies in the axial direction (A). Transducer according to one of Claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the conversion device is a propeller or a turbine ( 24-26 ) having. Transducer according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the conversion device comprises a plurality of axially successively arranged propellers or turbines ( 24 - 26 ) having. Transducer according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that the propeller or the turbine ( 24 - 26 ) Paddles ( 27 - 29 ), which on the inside ( 17 ) of the rotor ( 8th ) are attached. Transducer according to claim 18, characterized in that the blades ( 28 ) with respect to the axis of rotation (A) have a radially varying angle of attack (β). Transducer according to one of Claims 16 to 19, characterized in that - the blades ( 29 ) each about a pivot axis ( 31 ) in the radial direction (R) of the rotor ( 8th ) are pivotally mounted, - that the blades ( 29 ) are pivotable in a first flow direction in a first pivot position, so that the blades ( 29 ) Side by side ( 32 ) close tightly and / or closely overlap, and - that the blades ( 29 ) are pivotable in an opposite flow direction in a second pivot position, so that the blades ( 29 ) a propeller or a turbine ( 26 ) train. Transducer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transducer is a valve ( 40 ) for controlling the flow direction of the material flow. Converter according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ratio between the outer diameter (C) of the stator ( 6 ) and the inner diameter (B) of the rotor ( 6 ) is between 1.2 and 2.5. Transducer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the cavity ( 9 ) and / or on the inside ( 17 ) of the rotor ( 8th ) Further permanent magnets are provided. Multi-stage converter having a plurality of converter stages connected in series in the axial direction (A) ( 51 - 53 ) according to one of the preceding claims to a structural unit, wherein the respective converter stages ( 51 - 53 ) a conversion device ( 20 - 26 ) each having a different angle of attack. A converter or multi-stage converter according to claim 23 or 24, wherein the axial width of the conversion device ( 20 - 26 ) not across the width (B) of the electric machine ( 2 ) or beyond the overall axial width (E) of the converter or the multi-stage converter.