DE102010022935A1 - Concave flow turbine for conversion of mechanical energy in other energy forms, particularly in electrical energy, has turbine cone with concave wall with spiral-shaped screw blades and stationary housing - Google Patents

Abstract

The concave flow turbine has a turbine cone with concave wall (1) with spiral-shaped screw blades (1c) and a stationary housing (2), where the turbine cone is rotated in left- and right direction by the flow medium. The turbine cone with concave wall is pivoted on the bottom side of the concave cone against a housing that does not exceed diameter of the cone base, so that the units for efficient speed conversion and energy conversion are placed in the hollow space formed during the conversion.

Description

The invention relates to a device for converting mechanical into other forms of energy, preferably into electrical energy. In this case, called the concave flow turbine device can be used by its compact design with integrated generator and an optionally necessary integrated gear and their also integrated storage in many flow media for electric power generation. In a cone with a concave wall with circumferentially left- or right-handed arranged spiral-shaped screw blades, which is rotatably mounted relative to a housing on the bottom side of the cone with concave wall, there are the means for speed translation, energy conversion and sealing against the flow medium.

Turbines are known for the conversion of wind and water power into electrical energy of various sizes and construction types.

It is known after DE 297 21 671 U1 a screw for receiving the energy of running water or moving air which is characterized by 2-5 on a hollow, floatable with the flow medium cone circulating, single-screw blades, the diameter of the screw equal to the length of the same and the conical bottom half as large how the screw diameter is.

Furthermore, after US 4722665 a turbine is known in which in a hollow cone, a transmission and a plurality of generators are arranged and the power cable is guided via a arranged in the flow direction at the apex and the entire turbine construction bearing hollow shaft to the outside.

Also are after US 1 191 950 and FR 557 189 Twofold mounted outside of the conical turbine body cone turbines for hydropower known.

In the scriptures US 188,020 and FR 827 487 are described on one side outside of the conical turbine body mounted cone turbines for wind power use.

With WO 95 24562 An axial flow turbine is known which consists of a rotating unit and a fixed unit as Vorleiteinheit and are located in a piping system and allow by their hull and blade geometry a constant static pressure in the turbine.

To DE 20 2006 001 171 One of the state of the art is a low-speed hydropower generator which is in the form of a cylindrical roller mounted on both sides, on the circumference of which hydropower intake paddles are arranged.

The after DE 297 21 671 U1 Although the turbine described by the outer design of the cone provides the ability to convert the kinetic energy of the water and the wind in a rotary motion, but can lead to blockage and damage in the overdrive or other drive elements in the translation of the rotational movement outside of the turbine, especially in fluid media bearing debris ,

At the turbine after US 4722665 For example, the transmission gear and the energy conversion device have been advantageously integrated into the turbine cone, with the hollow support shaft positioned on the sharp side of the cone in the opposite direction of flow, but which favors the risk of accumulation of propellant material in front of the turbine and blades of the turbine. By designing a shaft of small diameter, which does not hinder the flow, the transmission of larger torques can not be done. Since the shaft outlet was arranged in the flow direction, the seals to be attached must also withstand the dynamic pressure, which is technically very complicated.

Also the turbines after US 1 191 950 and FR 557 189 have drive and bearing elements outside the conical turbine body. As a result, there is again the risk of the accumulation of flotsam and the damage of drive elements.

The in the writings US 188,020 and FR 827 487 arrangements described with outer bearings and drives are suitable for reasons mentioned only for wind power.

A mounted on both sides outside the body, arranged in a pipe turbine according to WO 95 24562 is also suitable only for clean media.

Furthermore, it is after DE 10 2008 032 411 A1 a turbine with an internal generator and several spiraling about a cone tapering towards the cone-shaped helical turbine blades, which ensure by their undividedness and the arrangement of the blades on a cone a Treibgutunempfindlichkeit and fish friendliness and can be used by their shape in free flowing water or closed pipe systems, known. However, this is due to the execution of Turbine geometry as a straight-line cone with the disadvantage of a relatively low absorption capacity of the turbine cone fraught.

Also the hydropower generator after DE 20 2006 001 171 with generator shaft mounted on both sides, if it lies with the axis in the flow medium, has the disadvantage of being susceptible to damage by flotsam.

So far, this type of turbine as well as the known high-performance turbines were provided with protection against flotsam to prevent damage.

The invention has for its object to develop a turbine that can be used by a compact design and without significant flow obstacles in all flow media for efficient energy conversion without additional facilities for propellant defense are necessary.

This object is achieved in that the turbine cone with concave wall mounted on the bottom side of the cone with concave wall opposite a, not exceeding the diameter of the conical bottom, fixed housing and sealed against this is where the internal units for speed and energy conversion can be located both in the cone area and in the housing area of the turbine.

It has proven to be extremely advantageous if the unit for energy conversion of mechanical into electrical energy from a fixedly connected to the concave turbine cone with this rotating magnetic ring and a fixedly connected to the housing fixed coil core is housed in the concave turbine cone.

In the case of the hydrodynamic design of the turbine cone, the use of a turbine cone with a concave wall has proven advantageous due to the better ratio of turbine cone bodies to the spirally arranged turbine blades and the resulting higher buoyancy of the concave wall turbine cone, which ensures a higher power output of the flow medium ,

When using speed-translation units, the use of planetary gears in the cavity of the concave turbine cone and housing has proven to be advantageous.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, it is extremely advantageous if the units for speed and energy conversion consist of standard assemblies and these can be accommodated in the cavity of the concave turbine cone and housing.

It is extremely advantageous if the generator is designed as a water-cooled synchronous generator of protection class IP 68.

When using a standard planetary gear, it is advantageous if the lubrication of the gears is made by a long-term lubricant, which reduces the inspection intervals.

According to claim 1 of the invention, it is advantageous that the concave turbine cone is mounted on the bottom side of the cone with a concave wall and with respect to a diameter of the conical bottom not bordering fixed housing and sealed against this.

It is particularly advantageous if several radially and axially acting shaft seals between the fixed housing and the left or right-handed rotating concave turbine cone are arranged. Between the mutually stationary components flat gaskets are extremely advantageous in their use. The seals prevent fluid from entering the cavity and protect the internal units from damage.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, it is extremely advantageous if the material of turbine and housing are made of corrosion-resistant material.

It is particularly advantageous if the concave turbine cone made of plastic in a primary molding process and elements of the energy converter are already cast.

According to a further embodiment of the invention in use as a concave flow turbine in clean flow media, it is extremely advantageous if the concave turbine cone with left or right hand mounted blades and the housing are firmly installed to each other, while the concave turbine cone with the blades serves as Vorverring and between concave turbine cone and housing a rotatably arranged turbine runner is arranged.

It is particularly advantageous if the turbine wheel in the core diameter corresponds to the conical bottom of the concave turbine cone, but at least does not exceed and the blades arranged on it are arranged opposite to the blades of Vorführrades rising.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, it is extremely advantageous if the housing of the concave flow turbine is designed aerodynamically and rotatable about its vertical axis. This then allows the preferred use of the concave flow turbine as a wind turbine.

The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to embodiments with reference to position information in the figures. The figures show the following:

1 Concave flow turbine in side view with cone with concave wall and housing unit

2 Concave flow turbine in side section with integrated unit for speed conversion and energy conversion in the cone with concave wall with inserted magnetic ring

3 Concave flow turbine in side section with integrated unit for speed conversion and energy conversion in the cone with concave wall with encapsulated magnetic ring

4 Concave flow turbine in side section with integrated unit for speed conversion and energy conversion as standard assemblies in the housing

5 Concave flow turbine in side view with cone pilot wheel, turbine wheel and housing

6 Concave flow turbine in side view with rotatable housing axis

7 Concave flow turbine in rear view with slim housing foot

In a first embodiment, shown in the 1 and 2 , a concave flow turbine was designed such that a turbine cone with concave wall 1 consisting of a concave tapered jacket 1a and a cone top 1b on which a plurality, preferably three, evenly offset, left or right arranged in the direction of the apex 1b tapered spiral helices 1c located and this turbine cone with concave wall 1 opposite a fixed housing 2 is rotatably mounted. Between the preferably made of steel turbine cone with concave wall 1 and also made of steel housing 2 are several connecting flanges 3 arranged. At the bottom of the case 2 was a base plate for attachment to the ground 4 with the housing 2 firmly connected, preferably tightly welded. At the vertically arranged base of the turbine housing 2 is located, with the housing 2 firmly connected flow wedge 5 , preferably of an angled, with the housing 2 welded steel sheet is made, the acute angle facing the direction of flow of the medium.

To stabilize the case 2 in the foot area were several gusset plates 6 between housing 2 and base plate 4 attached, preferably welded to both components. The housing 2 can with the concave flow turbine via fasteners 7 be attached as a fixation against the force of the flow medium. Inside of the turbine cone with concave wall 1 and housing 2 formed and sealed against the flow medium cavity are located, the turbine cone with concave wall 1 rotatably receiving main bearing 8th one in a concave cone 1a accommodated unit for energy conversion, consisting of a magnetic ring 9 , which is in a magnetic bell 10 arranged and fixed with the turbine cone with concave wall 1 connected to a coil core 11 that with the turbine housing 2 firmly connected and a power cable 12 which starting from the spool core 11 through the sealed housing 2 is led to the outside. At the cone top 1b assigning end of the bobbin 11 became a bearing pin firmly attached to it 13 arranged. On it sits a counter bearing 14 , preferably a maintenance-free rolling bearing here. Through the main camp 8th and the counter bearing 14 becomes an axis synchronous run from the magnet rotor 9 to the coil stator 11 secured.

The rolling bearing 14 becomes with its outer ring in one, with the concave cone coat 1a firmly connected bearing housing 15 centric fixed to the axis of rotation, wherein the bearing seat bore in the bearing housing 15 Axially synchronous with the outer centering seat 1d Turbine cone with concave wall 1 in which the main camp 8th sitting, has been introduced.

To seal off the housing 2 left or right turning turbine cone with concave wall 1 were in the pitball 16 sealing packages 17 accommodated. These seals are preferably designed as radially and axially acting shaft seals. Between the rings of the main camp 8th and the magnetic bell 10 on the one hand and the bearing ring of the main bearing 8th and the housing flange 2 B on the other hand, flat gaskets 18 appropriate. shaft seals 17 and gaskets 18 protect the unit for energy conversion against ingress of fluid.

For cooling the internal generator is a central supply line 19 axial alignment arranged, wherein the cooling medium, which is preferably identical to the flow medium, from the conical seats 1b out into the supply line 19 flows in, on the journal 13 a rotatable hose coupling 20 happens in the coil core, the resulting heat absorbs and a fixed hose coupling 21 in a discharge hose 22 that is above the case cover 2 B is led to the outside, flows. To protect the surface from damage and corrosion, all surfaces of the turbine cone that come into contact with the flow medium have a concave wall 1 and the housing 2 provided with a coating. An optional embodiment of the embodiment 1 in a corrosion-free steel is possible.

In a second, here in 3 example, was the turbine cone with concave wall 1 completely made of plastic in a primary molding process and the magnetic ring 9 , the counter bearing 14 and elements for securing the turbine cone assembly to the main bearing 8th already cast in. This saves manufacturing costs in the production of bearing seats and an additional flat gasket 18 between main warehouse 8th and magnet rotor 9 , The seal between rotating turbine cone with concave wall 1 and the stationary trunnion 13 via a mechanical seal 23 ,

With a third embodiment, shown in FIG 4 , a concave flow turbine is used, in its housing 2 a unit for speed conversion 24 and a unit for energy conversion 25 , which are both mechanically coupled to each other, were housed. Both units 24 and 25 consist of standard assemblies. The torque absorption of the housing 2 via a centering cover 26 rigidly connected gear 24 , which is designed here as a compact, low-maintenance planetary gearbox with long-term oil, takes place via a with the cone bottom 1e Turbine cone with concave wall 1 firmly connected, preferably welded Mitnehmerbuchse 27 at the end there is a cover 28 located with the jack 27 is tightly welded.

The generator 25 , which is designed here as a water-cooled synchronous generator, with the gearbox 24 connected such that the speed supplied by the concave flow turbine in the transmission 24 converted and to the generator 25 is transmitted. Due to the speed conversion, a generator speed is achieved near the synchronous speed, which increases the efficiency of the turbine. The use without gear is also possible with appropriate generator design and is also claimed. The water cooling of the generator 25 works independently of the flow medium. This allows a temperature control in the generator 25 done so that no condensation occurs. In the centering lid 26 there is a mechanical seal 29 , It protects together with the axial shaft seal 30 and the on the drive socket 27 seated radial shaft seals 31 The gear 24 and the generator 25 before penetrating flow medium. The entire turbine cone unit is equipped with the centering cover 26 , and mounted gearbox 24 and generator 25 in the case 2 inserted, opposite the centering flange 32 centered and with screws 33 attached.

Optionally, in this embodiment, other generators such as asynchronous generators and linear generators can be used each with and without gear.

In a fourth embodiment, see 5 , is the turbine cone with concave wall 1 rigid with the housing 2 connected. Behind the turbine cone with concave wall 1 , which serves as a Vorleitrad here, is one, the flow in rotary motion converting turbine runner 34 , The turbine wheel 34 has several circumferentially arranged blades 35 , which is arranged opposite rising to those of the turbine cone with concave wall and in height corresponds to those of the maximum height of those located on the concave cone. The core diameter of the impeller 34 does not exceed the diameter of the cone bottom 1e , The rotational movement of the turbine runner is through a storage system of two main bearings 8th inside in the cavity of housing 2 and turbine cone with concave wall 1 led, in which the units for speed and energy conversion are housed. The seal of rotating impeller 34 and stationary housing 2 and turbine cone with concave wall 1 via labyrinth seals 36 , Radial shaft seals 37 and mechanical seals 38 ,

In a fifth embodiment, in 6 shown, the rotation of the concave flow turbine is made possible around the vertical axis of the housing. This is the case 2 cylindrical. Between the upper housing part 2c and the lower housing part 2d is a wreath bearing 39 arranged. The inner ring of the wreath bearing 39 is provided with an internal toothing. In this one intervenes over a motor 40 driven pinion 41 and moves the entire turbine shell relative to the fixed housing bottom 2d , For use as a turbine for wind power use, the cone tip 1b so always be guided against the Windanströmung. When using the turbine according to the present example in liquid media, a device for sealing the upper housing part is also at this turning point 2c opposite the lower housing part 2d by means of sealing package 42 consisting of several individual seals necessary.

In a sixth example, which is in 7 has been shown, the units for speed and energy conversion in the cavity of turbine cone with concave wall 1 and housing top 2c housed and protected with seals against the flow medium. The lower housing part 2d was here in the direction of base plate 4 tapered transversely to the axial direction and with gusset plates 6 stiffened. By this design variant of the flow wedge falls 5 path.

Combinations between the embodiments are possible and are claimed as well.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Turbine cone with concave wall

1a

concave cone sheath

1b

apex

1c

helical coil

1d

outer centering seat

1e

conical

2

Housing, turbine housing

2a

Mounting flap, inspection flap

2 B

housing flange

2c

Housing top

2d

Housing bottom

3

connecting flange

4

baseplate

5

flow wedge

6

gusset plate

7

Connecting element, screw

8th

main bearing

9

Magnetic ring, magnetic rotor

10

magnetic bell

11

Coil core, coil stator

12

Power cable, cable

13

pivot

14

Counter bearing, rolling bearing

15

bearing housing

16

installation bell

17

Seal package, shaft seal

18

gasket

19

Central supply line for water cooling, supply duct

20

Rotatable hose coupling

21

Hose coupling fixed

22

drainage tube

23

Mechanical seal

24

Unit for speed ratio, gearbox

25

Unit for energy conversion, generator

26

centering

27

driving bushing

28

End cover

29

Mechanical seal

30

Shaft seal, axial acting, Axialwellendichtring

31

Radial sealing ring, radial acting, radial shaft sealing ring

32

centering

33

screw

34

Turbine wheel, impeller

35

Shovels, turbine blades

36

labyrinth seal

37

Radial shaft seal Turbine wheel

38

Mechanical seal Turbine wheel

39

ring bearings

40

Motor, azimuth motor

41

pinion

42

Sealing package for wreath bearing

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 29721671 U1 [0003, 0009]
• US 4722665 [0004, 0010]
• US 1191950 [0005, 0011]
• FR 557189 [0005, 0011]
• US 188020 [0006, 0012]
• FR 827487 [0006, 0012]
• WO 9524562 [0007, 0013]
• DE 202006001171 [0008, 0015]
• DE 102008032411 A1 [0014]

Claims (20)

Concave flow turbine consisting of a turbine cone with a concave wall turning left or right through the flow medium 1 with circumferentially left- or right-handed arranged, spiral-shaped screw blades 1c and a fixed housing 2 , characterized in that the turbine cone with concave wall 1 on the bottom side of the concave cone opposite one, the diameter of the cone bottom 1e not exceeding housing 2 rotatably mounted and sealed, so the units for efficient speed conversion 24 and energy conversion 25 housed in the cavity formed thereby and effectively protected against ingress of the flow medium, flotsam away by the design of the flow turbine and large benefits can be transmitted. Flow turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that the unit for energy conversion from one with the turbine cone with concave wall 1 firmly connected and thus driven magnetic rotor 9 and one with the housing 2 connected coil core 11 consists. Flow turbine according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that a plurality of magnets on the circumference of the magnetic bell 10 and these together, the rotating magnetic ring 9 form. Flow turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that for sealing between turbine cone with concave wall 1 and housing 2 necessary shaft seals 17 in a cone-bottom in diameter 1e not exceeding built-in bell 16 and gaskets 18 between the housing flange 2 B , the magnetic bell 10 and the centering flange 26 are housed. Flow turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that at the lower part of the housing 2 a base plate 4 and opposite to the direction of flow a flow wedge 5 located, each firm with the housing 2 are connected. Flow turbine according to claims 1 and 4, characterized in that the individual parts of the turbine cone with concave wall 1 and the housing 2 , are made of steel and the non-mutually movable assemblies were welded together. Flow turbine according to claims 1, 4 and 6, characterized in that all surfaces coming into contact with the flow medium have been provided with corrosion protection. Flow turbine according to claim 7, characterized in that all components coming into contact with the flow medium can be made of stainless steel. Flow turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that the turbine cone with concave wall 1 may consist of a flow medium resistant plastic, was prepared in a primary molding process and thereby elements of the energy converter 25 , preferably the magnetic ring 9 was poured. Flow turbine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cooling of the generator located in the interior takes place via a central cooling device, which consists of a central supply duct 19 and a drain hose 22 consists, by means of rotatable hose coupling 20 and solid hose coupling 21 with the spool core 11 are connected. Flow turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that the units for speed conversion 24 and energy conversion 25 may consist of standard assemblies, the transmission 24 preferably as a low-maintenance planetary gear and the generator 25 is preferably designed as a water-cooled synchronous generator. Flow turbine according to claims 1 and 11, characterized in that the units for energy conversion 25 can be designed as an asynchronous generator. Flow turbine according to claims 1 and 11, characterized in that the units for energy conversion 25 can be designed as a ring-shaped linear generator. Flow turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that the cylindrical housing 2 in a fixed housing lower part 2d and a pivotable housing top 1c can be divided. Flow turbine according to claims 1 and 14, characterized in that between the lower housing part 2d and housing top 2c an internally toothed ring bearing 39 located on the outer ring with the fixed part 2d rigid and on the inner ring fixed to the upper housing part 2c connected is. Flow turbine according to claims 1, 14 and 15, characterized in that in the ring gear of the ring bearing 39 a pinion 41 engages, which via an engine 40 is driven. Flow turbine according to claims 1 and 14, characterized in that a between the housing lower part 2d and housing top 2c located sealing package 42 the penetration of flow medium into the housing 2 prevented. Flow turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that turbine cone with concave wall 1 and housing 2 are firmly fixed to each other and between both a rotating turbine runner 34 which is in the core diameter of the cone bottom 1e does not exceed and several circumferentially arranged blades 35 has, which are arranged opposite to those of the concave cone rising and in their radial extent the maximum diameter of the turbine cone with a concave wall 1 do not exceed. Flow turbine according to claims 1 and 18, characterized in that the seal of the rotating impeller 34 opposite housing 2 and turbine cone with concave wall 1 about labyrinth seals 36 , Radial shaft seals 37 and mechanical seals 38 he follows. Flow turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower housing part 2d in vertical axis with respect to the upper housing part 2c and the base plate 4 can be designed to be rejuvenated.

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