DE2017234A1 - Method of manufacturing a permanent magnet - Google Patents

Method of manufacturing a permanent magnet

Info

Publication number
DE2017234A1
DE2017234A1 DE19702017234 DE2017234A DE2017234A1 DE 2017234 A1 DE2017234 A1 DE 2017234A1 DE 19702017234 DE19702017234 DE 19702017234 DE 2017234 A DE2017234 A DE 2017234A DE 2017234 A1 DE2017234 A1 DE 2017234A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
heat treatment
intermetallic compound
carries out
melt
directed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
DE19702017234
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Franz Dr.; Sahm Peter Dr.; Nussbaumen Hofer (Schweiz). M
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BBC Brown Boveri France SA
Original Assignee
BBC Brown Boveri France SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BBC Brown Boveri France SA filed Critical BBC Brown Boveri France SA
Publication of DE2017234A1 publication Critical patent/DE2017234A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
    • H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
    • C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
    • C30B29/10—Inorganic compounds or compositions
    • C30B29/52—Alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
    • C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C30B33/00—After-treatment of single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure

Description

5/705/70

Aktiengesellschaft Brown, Boveri & Cie.r Baden (Schweiz) * Public company Brown, Boveri & Cie. r Baden (Switzerland) * Verfahren zur Herstellung eines DauermagnetenMethod of manufacturing a permanent magnet

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Dauermagneten aus einer intermetallischen Verbindung, weiche aus Kupfer, mindestens einem 3d-Uebergangselement und Mindestens einem Seltenen Erdmetall besteht.The present invention relates to a method for producing a permanent magnet from an intermetallic compound, soft made of copper, at least one 3d transition element and There is at least one rare earth metal.

Es ist bereits bekannt, Dauermagnete herzustellen, deren Ausgangs·*It is already known to manufacture permanent magnets whose output *

j -j -

stoffe dem Dreistoffsystem Co-Cu-Sm oder Co-Cu-Ce entsprechen, wobei Cu auch teilweise durch Fe ersetzt sein kann. Es wurde nun gefunden, dass bei niedrigen Anlasstemperaturen ein 'substances correspond to the three-substance system Co-Cu-Sm or Co-Cu-Ce, where Cu can also be partially replaced by Fe. It was now found that at low tempering temperatures a '

spinodaler Zerfall des übersättigten SoCo-SmCu resp. CeCo Mischkristalle eintritt, und dass neben der chemischen Zusammensetzung, Abkühlungsgeschwindigkeit und Anlasstemperatur auch der Auerichtungsgrad des Co-reichen Mischkristalls in der Cureichen Matrix eine bedeutende Rolle für die Höhe der erzielbaren Koerzitivfeidstärke spielt, da die dauermagnetischen Eigenschaf ten dieses Materials auf Grund einer extrem hohen Kristall-Isotropie hervorgerufen werden.spinodal decay of the supersaturated SoCo-SmCu resp. CeCo Mixed crystals occurs, and that in addition to the chemical composition, The cooling rate and tempering temperature also determine the degree of alignment of the Co-rich mixed crystal in the Cureichen Matrix plays an important role in the level of achievable Coercivity plays because the permanent magnetic properties ten of this material due to an extremely high crystal isotropy be evoked.

;n 109829/0155 bad original; n 109829/0155 bad original

5/705/70

Die Träger der guten dauermagnetischen Eigenschaften sind die sehr feinen Co-reichen Co-Cu-Lanthaniden-Mischkristalle der Formel R Co , wobei R für Y, La,Ce, Pr,Nd oder Sm stehen kann.The carriers of the good permanent magnetic properties are very fine Co-rich Co-Cu-Lanthanide mixed crystals of the Formula R Co, where R can stand for Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd or Sm.

In Richtung der hexagonalen c-Axe sind diese intermetallischen Verbindungen sehr leicht zu magnetisieren, dagegen sehr schwer magnetisierbar in Richtung der Basisebene.In the direction of the hexagonal c-axis, these intermetallic compounds are very easy to magnetize, but very difficult magnetizable in the direction of the base plane.

Zweck der Erfindung ist die Schaffung eines Verfahrens zur Herstellung eines Dauermagneten bei dem der Effekt der Kristallanisotropie optimal ausgenützt wird und daher stärker als die bekannten Dauermagneten dieser Art ist.The purpose of the invention is to create a method for Manufacture of a permanent magnet in which the effect of crystal anisotropy is optimally used and therefore stronger than that known permanent magnets of this type.

Das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren JLst dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass nan die aus der intermetallischen Verbindung bestehende Schmelze gerichtet erstarren lässt und das derart erhaltene Zwischenprodukt anschliessend einer gerichteten Wärmebehandlung unterwirft. The inventive method JLst characterized in that nan allows the melt consisting of the intermetallic compound to solidify in a directional manner and the intermediate product obtained in this way then subjected to a directed heat treatment.

Bei Anwendung von diesen Verfahren können Dauermagnete alt reproduzierbar hohen Kennwerten hergestellt werden, da die Abkühlungsgeschwindigkeit bei der Erstarrung der Schmelze und der Ausrichtungsgrad der Co-reichen Mischkristallphase sehr gutWhen using this method, permanent magnets can be produced with reproducible high characteristic values, since the cooling rate during the solidification of the melt and the degree of alignment the Co-rich mixed crystal phase very well

Steuer- und kontrollierbar sind.Are controllable and controllable.

Zur weiteren Erhöhung der Koerzitivfeldstärke des resultierenden Permanentmagneten kann man die gerichtete Wärmebehandlung in eine« Magnetfeld durchfuhren.To further increase the coercive force of the resulting Permanent magnets can be used for the directed heat treatment in a « Perform magnetic field.

BAD .ORfQiNALBAD .ORfQiNAL

109829/0155109829/0155

■ ■ . 5/70■ ■. 5/70

Ee ist zweckmässig, dass man die Schmelze Bit einer Erstarrungsgeschwindigkeit von IO bis 100 cm/h erstarren lässt und die Ee is appropriate that the melt is allowed to solidify bit at a rate of solidification of 10 to 100 cm / h and the

Wärmebehandlung im Temperaturbereich von 400 bis 700 G durchführt. Carries out heat treatment in the temperature range from 400 to 700 G.

Nachstehend wird die Erfindung anhand einer in der Zeichnung dargestellten beispielsweisen AusfUhrungsform eines erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens näher erläutert.The invention is illustrated below with reference to one in the drawing exemplary embodiment of an inventive Procedure explained in more detail.

Wie aus der Zeichnung ersichtlich, wird ein Aluminiumoxidrohr 1, das nit einer aus Kupfer mindestens einem 3d-Uebergangselement und mindestens einem Seltenen Erdmetall bestehenden intermetallischen Verbindung 2 gefüllt ist, in seiner Längsrichtung durch einen ringzylindrischen Ofen 3 hindurchgeführt, und zwar so schnell, dass die im Rohr 1 sich befindende intermetallische Verbindung 2 in der Schmelzzone a schmilzt und dann gerichtet erstarrt, so dass eine Grundstruktur entsteht, deren Gitterstörungen, Z.B.Versetzungen, Korngrenzen, Lage von Verunreinigungen etc., in der Wachstumsrichtung orientiert sind.As can be seen from the drawing, an aluminum oxide tube 1, the one made of copper at least one 3d transition element and at least one rare earth metal intermetallic compound 2 is filled in its longitudinal direction passed through an annular cylindrical furnace 3, and so fast that the intermetallic in the tube 1 Compound 2 melts in the melting zone a and then solidifies in a directional manner, so that a basic structure is created, their lattice disturbances, e.g. dislocations, grain boundaries, position of impurities, etc., oriented in the direction of growth are.

Das derart erhaltene Zwischenprodukt wird anschliessend einer gerichteten Wärmebehandlung unterworfen, um die Ausscheidung der 2. Phase, die bevorzugt an den erwähnten Gitterstörungen auftritt, weiter zu verstärken. Dazu wird das Rohr 1 mit der darin sich befindenden, gerichtet erstarrten intermetallischen Verbindung ■it einer Geschwindigkeit von 0,05 bis Scm durch den Ofen 3 ge-The intermediate product obtained in this way is then one Directed heat treatment subjected to the precipitation of the 2nd phase, which occurs preferentially at the lattice defects mentioned, to further strengthen. For this purpose, the tube 1 with the directionally solidified intermetallic compound located therein ■ at a speed of 0.05 to 1 m through the furnace 3

1098,29/0-1 BB bad original1098.29 / 0-1 BB bad original

führt, so dass das im Rohr 1 sich befindende Material auf einerleads, so that the material located in the tube 1 on a

ο Zonenlänge a von lein eine Temperatur von 400 bis 700 C annimmt und ein Temperaturgradient von 25 bis 250 Grad/cm im Material 2 entsteht.ο Zone length a from lein assumes a temperature of 400 to 700 C. and a temperature gradient of 25 to 250 degrees / cm in material 2 is created.

Wenn man während der Wärmebehandlung mittels eines um den Ofen 3 angeordneten Topfmagneten 4 ein paralleles oder transversales Magnetfeld anlegt, kann die Koerzitivfeidstärke des resultierenden Dauermagneten noch weiter erhöht werden.If, during the heat treatment, one around the furnace 3 arranged pot magnet 4 applies a parallel or transverse magnetic field, the coercive field strength of the resulting Permanent magnets can be increased even further.

Der Vorteil des neuen Verfahrens besteht vor allem darin, dass eine nahezu vollkommene kristallographische Orientierung der Co-reichen Phase erhalten wird, was mit anderen Verfahren nicht erreicht werden kann.The main advantage of the new method is that the crystallographic orientation of the Co-rich phase is obtained what other methods do not can be reached.

10 9 8 2 9/015510 9 8 2 9/0155

Claims (10)

PatentansprücheClaims 1. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Dauermagneten aus einer intermetallischen Verbindung, welche aus Kupfer, mindestens einem 3d-Uebergangselement und mindestens einen Seltenen Erdmetall besteht, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man die aus der intermetallischen Verbindung bestehende Schmelze gerichtet erstarren lässt und das derart erhaltene Zwischenprodukt anschliessend einer gerichteten Wärmebehandlung unterwirft.1. Process for the production of a permanent magnet from an intermetallic compound, which is made of copper, at least a 3d transition element and at least one rare element Earth metal, characterized in that the melt consisting of the intermetallic compound is directed solidifies and the intermediate product obtained in this way is then subjected to a directed heat treatment. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man die gerichtete Wärmebehandlung in einem Magnetfeld durchführt.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the Carries out directed heat treatment in a magnetic field. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man die Schmelze mit einer Geschwindigkeit von 10 bis 100 cm/h erstarren lässt,3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the Melt at a speed of 10 to 100 cm / h freezes 4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man die Wärnebehandlung ia Temperaturbereich von 400 bis 700 C durchführt. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the Carries out heat treatment in a temperature range of 400 to 700 C. 5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass nan die Wärmebehandlung bei einem Temperaturgradient von 25 bis 250 Grad/cm durchfuhrt.5. The method according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that nan carries out the heat treatment at a temperature gradient of 25 to 250 degrees / cm. 10 9 8 2 9/015 510 9 8 2 9/015 5 -Λ-Λ 6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1, 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man nur einen Bereich der erstatten Schmelze wärmebehandelt und diesen Bereich mit einer Geschwindigkeit von 0,05 bis 5cm/h relativ zum Zwischenprodukt über dessen gesamtes Volumen verschiebt.6. The method according to any one of claims 1, 4 or 5, characterized marked that you can only reimburse an area Heat treated melt and this area at a rate of 0.05 to 5 cm / h relative to the intermediate product shifts over its entire volume. 7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man die gerichtete Erstarrung der intermetallischen Verbindung in einem durch einen Schmelzofen laufenden Rohr vornimmt.7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the directional solidification of the intermetallic compound in a pipe running through a furnace. 8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man die in einem Rohr erstarrte intermetallische Verbindung zur Wärmebehandlung durch einen von einem Topfmagneten umgebenden Glühofen bewegt.8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the solidified in a tube intermetallic compound moved for heat treatment through an annealing furnace surrounded by a pot magnet. 9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man das Rohr mit einer Vorschubgeschwindigkeit von 0,05 bis 5cm/h durch den Glühofen bewegt.9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that the tube is moved through the annealing furnace at a feed rate of 0.05 to 5 cm / h. 10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass nan eine intermetallische Verbindung der chemischen Zusammensetzung Co Cu Sm verwendet,10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that nan is an intermetallic compound of chemical composition Co Cu Sm used, AKTIEMGESELLSCHAPT BROWN, BOVERI t CIE.AKTIEMGESELLSCHAPT BROWN, BOVERI t CIE. 10 9 8 2 9/015510 9 8 2 9/0155
DE19702017234 1970-01-09 1970-04-10 Method of manufacturing a permanent magnet Pending DE2017234A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH24370A CH519770A (en) 1970-01-09 1970-01-09 Method of manufacturing a permanent magnet

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE2017234A1 true DE2017234A1 (en) 1971-07-15

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ID=4182551

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DE19702017234 Pending DE2017234A1 (en) 1970-01-09 1970-04-10 Method of manufacturing a permanent magnet

Country Status (4)

Country Link
CH (1) CH519770A (en)
DE (1) DE2017234A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2076007A1 (en)
GB (1) GB1330791A (en)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2618425A1 (en) * 1975-05-05 1976-11-25 Far Fab Assortiments Reunies DUCTILE MAGNETIC MATERIALS
US4081297A (en) * 1975-09-09 1978-03-28 Bbc Brown Boveri & Company Limited RE-Co-Fe-transition metal permanent magnet and method of making it
US4135953A (en) * 1975-09-23 1979-01-23 Bbc Brown, Boveri & Company, Limited Permanent magnet and method of making it
US4208225A (en) * 1975-05-05 1980-06-17 Les Fabriques D'assortiments Reunies Directionally solidified ductile magnetic alloys magnetically hardened by precipitation hardening
EP0018942A1 (en) * 1979-04-12 1980-11-12 Les Fabriques d'Assortiments Réunies Ductile magnetic alloys, method of making same and magnetic body

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5211121A (en) * 1975-07-18 1977-01-27 Fujitsu Ltd Magnet material
FR2748344B1 (en) 1996-05-06 1998-10-16 Ugimag Sa PROCESS FOR OBTAINING MAGNETICALLY ANISOTROPIC MATERIAL BASED ON RARE EARTHS AND TRANSITION METALS BY SOLIDIFICATION OF A LIQUID ALLOY UNDER DIRECTIONAL FIELD

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2618425A1 (en) * 1975-05-05 1976-11-25 Far Fab Assortiments Reunies DUCTILE MAGNETIC MATERIALS
US4208225A (en) * 1975-05-05 1980-06-17 Les Fabriques D'assortiments Reunies Directionally solidified ductile magnetic alloys magnetically hardened by precipitation hardening
US4081297A (en) * 1975-09-09 1978-03-28 Bbc Brown Boveri & Company Limited RE-Co-Fe-transition metal permanent magnet and method of making it
US4135953A (en) * 1975-09-23 1979-01-23 Bbc Brown, Boveri & Company, Limited Permanent magnet and method of making it
EP0018942A1 (en) * 1979-04-12 1980-11-12 Les Fabriques d'Assortiments Réunies Ductile magnetic alloys, method of making same and magnetic body

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH519770A (en) 1972-02-29
FR2076007A1 (en) 1971-10-15
GB1330791A (en) 1973-09-19

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