DE2016096A1 - Milling procedure and milling cutter that can be used for this - Google Patents

Description

■ Ϊ3

H. LEINWEBER dipl.ing H. ZIMMERMANN

8 MUnchen2, Rosantal7, 2 part addr. lelnpal Munich

J ^ April WlO ■

Our sign Z / ¥ e / Rl / C

ISUZU MOTORS LIMITED, - Tokyo / Japan ■ Milling process · and milling cutters that can be used for this

The invention relates to a milling method and a milling cutter that can be used for this purpose, the milling cutter and Machining gear can be rotated under crossed axes.-The gear is made of one tooth flank side of a multitude machined by teeth provided on the cutter circumference. -.- "■■ _

A method is known in which a milling cutter with helical teeth having a cutting edge on each flank is used to machine a gear. The milling cutter ι and the gearwheel rotate with crossed axes, where an angle ^ is formed at the intersection of the axial lines of the milling cutter and the gearwheel. The milling process is carried out by turning the two parts and by axially displacing the gear wheel i.

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so that processing over the entire width of the teeth • takes place. This known milling process is only possible by means of both flanks of a large number of teeth on the milling cutter circumference feasible, namely when both the leading and trailing tooth flanks work at the same time.

However, the tooth flanks milled by the leading and trailing tooth flanks differ from each other in terms of chip removal and machining precision, so that the precision of the milled tooth flank of the gear is usually inconsistent. Furthermore regrinding the milling cutters is one of the biggest problems in the industry. This operation is so far by successive Grinding of both flanks of each tooth is carried out exactly along the involute of the teeth on the cutter circumference. This requires a very lengthy machining process and a high degree of machining precision.

The costs for such regrinding are very high under the given conditions.

The aim of the invention is a milling process with which a great precision of the flanks of the machined gear teeth can be achieved, as well as a milling cutter for performing the fiction according to the process that can be easily reground.

The method according to the invention is particularly notable characterized in that a milling cutter and a gear to be machined are rotated with crossed axes and that when milling the Gear is the intersection of the axial lines of the milling cutter and the gear to be machined in association with the direction of rotation of the cutter is moved in the axial direction, so that a

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'Tooth flank of a large number of teeth formed on the milling cutter circumference, namely only the tooth flank of the "leading or the trailing side, the gear is machined so that the oil machining precision of the gear is uniform.

Other advantages, details and features of the invention result from the following description. In the drawing, for example, the invention is shown namely show:

FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of the relationship ■■ "- ■:.-..-; -: - between a milling cutter and a gear to be cut according to a conventional method;

Figv 2 is a side view of a to be seen with a - _; the gear cooperating cutter according to "the invention; ./-.-

a schematic representation of the milling process according to the invention to illustrate the sequence of movements of the intersection of the axial lines of the milling cutter and that according to FIG gear to be machined;

on an enlarged scale, an essential part of another example of the sequence of movements the intersection of the axial dimensions of the milling cutter and the gear to be machined;

a side view of another embodiment of the milling cutter according to the invention;

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Fig

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6 on an enlarged scale, an essential part of the sequence of movements of the point of intersection the axial lines of the milling cutter according to FIG. 5 and a gear wheel to be machined therewith;

7 and 8 are side views of further embodiments of the milling cutter according to the invention, and

9 and 10 are perspective views of the milling cutter according to FIG. 2.

In the known method according to FIG. 1, a milling cutter A with helical teeth and a gear wheel B rotate with it crossed axes. The surface lines at the point of contact enclose an angle oC.

Fig. 2 shows a milling cutter 1, which consists of two cutting tools 2 and 3, each on its circumference have a plurality of teeth 21 and 31, respectively. One face of each tooth has cutting edges 211 and 212 b: 311 and 312.

For the sake of clarity, only one tooth of the cutting tools 2 and 3 is shown in the drawing.

Cutting edges 211 and 311 lying on one side of the cutting tools 2 or respectively are designed in such a way that that they are directed towards each other. It is a gap / cut out between the cutting tools 2 and 3.

The milling cutter 1 and a gear 4, which have mutually crossed axes, are used for machining the gear 4 set in rotation. While sicc the gear 4 together

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When milling cutter 1 rotates, it is moved in the axial direction, so that the entire width of the gear can be machined

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In the following description, for the sake of simplicity, only the structure and the effect of one are shown Tooth explained on each cutting tool; the · principle Function also applies to a large number of teeth on each cutting tool. For this reason, the following applies Description for all teeth of the cutting tools.

When the milling cutter 1 and the gearwheel 4 are crossed Rotate the axes and the gear 4 is moved in the direction of the arrow L according to FIG. 2, i.e. to the left in FIG Gear machined by the cutting edge 211 of the 'sitting on the circumference of the cutting tool tooth 21. Will the gear 4 moves in the direction of the arrow R, one side of the tooth flank of the gear wheel is passed through the cutting edge 311 of the tooth 31 machined on the circumference of the cutting tool 3.

The milling effect is obtained in this milling process in the area of the intersection of the axial lines of the milling cutter and the gear. So if, as shown in Fig. 3, the axial position of the cutter 1 of the line C-C and that of the gear to be machined corresponds to line D-D, then the two axial lines intersect at point P and the gearwheel wird.by the cutting edge 211 of the tooth 21 on the circumference of the cutting tool 2 when it passes through the area of the intersection point P.

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Since the cutting edge 212 of a tooth flank 214, which lies opposite a tooth flank 213 with the cutting edge 211, is not in the area of the intersection point P at this point in time, there is no milling effect on the side of the tooth flank 214, but only leads to the rotary movement of the milling cutter. At this time, as shown in Figure 2. Shown, the gear wheel 4 in the direction of arrow L so in Fig.% Moves to the left.

Rotates at this point in this example the cutter 1 continues in the direction of arrow F, the tooth flank 213 acts on the tooth 21 on the cutter circumference with the cutting edge 211 as a running part and the machining takes place only through this running tooth flank.

Since the cutting tool 3 is not in the area of the intersection point P, this milling cutter does not perform any machining but only serves as a guide for the rotation.

On the basis of test results obtained according to the invention, even the cutting edges 311, 312 and 211, which do not lie in the area of the intersection point P have a certain processing effect, but which is extremely small so that the machining precision of the milled gear wheel flank is not impaired.

So if one side of the tooth flank of the Zahnradek 4 is to be processed and it is in the direction of arrow L in the required position and then in Is moved in the direction of the arrow R, the rotation of the milling cutter 1 is changed in the direction of the arrow G in this way. At the same time, the gear 4 is at right angles to

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the intersection point I ^{3 of} the Axialliriien of the milling cutter 1 and. of the gear 4 traversing plane moves so that the axial position of the gear 4 moves from line DD to line Έ-Ε ■ (I'ig. 3) and the intersection between the cutter 1 and the gear 4 from point P to point Q on the axis of the milling cutter is adjusted ..'- "· '■""-'

If the intersection of the axial lines of the milling cutter 1 and the gearwheel 4 is moved to point Q, the remaining part of the tooth flank of the gearwheel 4, the output part of which was already machined in the first operation, can be passed through the cutting edge 311 of the tooth 31 on the circumference of the cutting unit- 'Leugs 3 are processed,. ■

Since - as shown in Fig. 3 - the rotation of the milling cutter 1 is continued in the direction of the arrow G ', forms the tooth flank with the cutting edge 311 is a trailing side, so that the milling operation through the running tooth "flank ν or is taken ... ■ -. - ..

Since the cutting edge 312 of the tooth flank 314, which lies opposite the tooth flank 313 with the cutting edge 311 on the ZsIm 31 of the cutting tool 3, does not lie in the area of the intersection point Q, no milling effect occurs on the tooth flank 314, but rather it leads only the rotation of the milling cutter s · .- ^;

■ 'Because at that moment, the two Sehneidwerkzeug not the axial lines located in the area of the ^{intersection,:} also does not occur Fräseffekt _on, but "it is-just the DRE = Settin g out of the cutter · ■ - ■■ · ·... ;. ■ .i:; ·:

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The above description relates to cases in which a milling effect occurs on the trailing side of a milling cutter Zalmflarike. At D _u rchführung a milling operation sgangs on the leading side of the cutter tooth flank need only the axial position of the Zahrirados 4 is set in such a way to v / ground that upon further rotation of the milling cutter 1 in the direction of arrow F, the intersection of the axial lines of the milling cutter 1 and the Gear 4 to point Q, and with further rotation of the prism 1 in the direction of arrow G, the intersection point arrives at point P.

To guide the intersection of the axial lines of cutter 1 and gear 4 in the axial direction of the cutter, can instead of moving the gear according to FIG. 3, the milling cutter can also be moved.

4 shows such a method, for example.

When the milling cutter is positioned axially on line C-C and the gearwheel on line D-D, the axial lines intersect at point P. In this case, the first step is to move the cutter into the fully extended position shown to move and only the cutting edge 211 of the tooth 21 on Perimeter of the cutting tool 2 in the area of the intersection point P of the axial lines of the cutter and the gear bring to. The second step is to move the cutter in the dashed position on the axial line C-C of the milling cutter and only the cutting edge 311 of the tooth 31 of the cutting tool 3 in the area of the Transfer point P described above.

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If the cutting edge 211 lies in the region of the intersection point P, the milling cutter is turned downwards and if the cutting edge 311 lies in the region of "the intersection point P, this is turned in milling · G and the milling operation is only γση. the tooth flank of the running be carried out.

i If the milling operation is carried out from the tooth flank of the leading side of the milling cutter, the direction of rotation of the milling cutter only needs to be set in the direction of arrow G, if the cutting edge 211 is in the area of the intersection of the axial lines and the direction of rotation of the milling cutter has to be set in the direction of arrow F. when the cutting edge 311 is in the region of the intersection of the axial lines. If the milling operation is only carried out through the tooth flank of the leading side of the milling cutter, if the cutting edge 211 is in the area of the. Point of intersection P, then only the direction of rotation of the cutter needs to be set to the direction of the arrow G, and if the cutting edge 311 lies in the area of the point of intersection P, only the direction of rotation of the cutter needs to be brought to the direction of arrow F. ■

In the milling method according to the invention So the intersection of the axial lines of the cutter and the Brought the gear on the axial line of the milling cutter, so that the gear to be machined either through the tooth flank the leading side of the milling cutter or through which the trailing side can be machined and thus the Flank of the machined gear is milled evenly.

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The milling cutter 1 described above consists of the two cutting tools 2 and 3 and the cutting edges 211 and 311 are at the mutually facing ends of the teeth 21 and 31 on the circumference of the cutting tools - 2 and 3 provided.

With this arrangement, it is sufficient to regrind the milling cutter, the end faces of the cutting tools 2 and 3 to grind.

Regrinding is therefore very easy to carry out and the number of operations is reduced. This results in a substantial cost saving compared to the known techniques.

Fig. 5 shows a further embodiment of the Milling Egg-3 for carrying out the milling process according to the invention. On the circumference of a cutting tool 5 are helical Teeth 6 provided, and on the one hand cutting edges 63 on a tooth flank 61 from one end to almost to the middle area. On the other hand, on a second tooth flank 62 there are cutting edges 64 from the other end to almost arranged to the middle area.

The mode of operation is explained with reference to FIG. 6, for example.

If, according to FIG. 6, the axial position of the cutter corresponds to line CC and the axial position of the gear to be machined corresponds to line Ϊ) -Σ), then the axial lines of cutter and gear intersect at point P and the milling process of the gear can pass through the cutting edge

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G4 can be carried out in the area of the intersection point P.

Since the tooth flank 62. with the cutting edge 64 and the cutting edge of the tooth flank 61 is not in the area of the Point of intersection P of the axial lines of milling cutter and gear lies; no processing takes place through them.

Iverm the direction of rotation of the cutter in the direction of the arrow F corresponds to the tooth flank with the cutting edge to a trailing side, so that one side of the tooth flank of the gear can only be processed by the tooth flank of the running site.

If in this way one side of the tooth flank of the Gear is to be machined, the direction of rotation of the milling cutter is switched to the G- direction and at the same time the axial position of the gear 'changed to the position E-E. Daiiti is the intersection of the 'axial lines' of milling cutter and gear to point Q, relocated, so that the milling operation by the one lying in the area of the intersection point Q. Cutting edge 63 is carried out. - - "- ■ -.

To bind. but at the same time the tooth flank 61 with the cutting edge 63 and the cutting edge 64 of the opposite tooth flank are not in the area of the intersection point Q ,, no milling effect occurs. There sic _; h the cutter rotates in the direction of arrow G, the tooth flank 61 with the chord: edge 63 to a trailing side and the tooth flank opposite the area that is machined by the cutting edge 64 of the gear is only cut by the tooth flank of the trailing side. _; ..

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In such milling cutters, the tooth flanks 61 and 62 of the tooth 6 carry a plurality of cutting edges 63 and 64, so that many cutting edges come to lie in the area of the intersection of the axial lines of the milling cutter and the gear and in this way the milling efficiency is nocti higher than that Milling cutter according to FIGS. 2 to 4.

Fig. 7 shows a further embodiment ^ fore of the milling cutter according to the invention. It consists of two cutting tools 7 and 8.

A tooth 71 is formed on the circumference of the cutting tool 7 and a tooth 81 is formed on the cutting tool 8. Tooth 71 on the cutting tool / has tooth flanks 711 and 712, of which the tooth flank 712 has a cutting edge 713.

In the same way, the tooth 81 on the cutting tool 8 tooth flanks 811 and 812, of which the tooth flank 311 has a seneid edge 813.

In the two cutting tools 7 and 8, the tooth 71 on the cutting tool 7 and the tooth 81 on the other cutting tool 8 are formed so as to form a tooth in one body. The tooth flank 712 with the cutting edge 713 and the tooth flank 812 with the cutting edge 813 are each joined together in such a way that they form opposing tooth flanks. They are connected to one another by fastening means such as bolts and cutters, so that a milling cutter can be achieved which corresponds approximately to that according to FIGS. Since the razors of this type have two cutting tools 7 and U, are ^: i over the; -: or & i: th width

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of the tooth cutting edges are provided, and only in the tooth flank in the same direction as the teeth 71 and 81 of the cutting tools 7 and 8. For this reason, the Manufacture of the cutters so strong compared to the cutters according to fig. 5 and 6. Since the cutter consists of two Tendon eyes can change the tooth width of each part be small, it occurs in the manufacture of the cutter tooth flanks hardly any source of error »and you get a milling cutter with a precisely machined tooth flank.

Fig. 8 shows a further embodiment of an inventive Milling cutter; "·" ■ "'.

In this example, a spacer 10 is such between the two cutting tools 7 and 8 of FIG. 7 inserted that a distance S is achieved. In such a milling cutter, the distance S is used in the connecting part between the two cutting tools 7 and 8 to remove the dust produced during milling more easily than with the Examples of FIGS. 5, 6 and 7, which in turn increase machining precision.

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Claims (4)

Patent claims: λ.j Milling process with turning of a milling cutter and a gear to be machined with crossed axes, characterized by the following process steps; move the gear (4) to be machined in accordance with the direction of rotation of the milling cutter (1) at right angles to that through the intersection (P, k) of the axial lines (C, D, E) of the gear (4) and the milling cutter (1) _{and through the plane w} running through the gearwheel axis and adjusts the intersection of the axial lines (C, D, E) of the gearwheel and the cutter axially to the cutter for the purpose of machining the gearwheel either through the tooth flank of the running side or through the trailing side of the teeth provided on the cutter circumference . 2. Milling process by turning a milling cutter and a gear to be machined with crossed axes, characterized by the following process steps: you first move the milling cutter on its axial line in association to its direction of rotation and then the intersection of the axial lines of the cutter and the gear axially to the Milling cutter, so that the gear wheel either through the tooth flank of the leading side or through that of the trailing side Side of the teeth on the milling cutter circumference is machined (Fig. 4). - 15 - 209816/0413 bad or! G! Nal . 3. milling cutter 'for performing the method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it consists of two cutting tools (2, 3) which on one. End of formed on the circumference of the cutting tool
Teeth (21, 31) cutting edges (211, 212, 311, $ 12) "
and are arranged in such a way that their cutting edges are directed towards each other on both sides and leave a distance (t) at their connection point. · - 4. milling cutter for performing the method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that each
Tooth flank 'has a cutting edge on one side, which runs from one end to "almost to the central area, as well as a cutting edge on the other side" of one end of each tooth flank which is opposite the first', outgoing. . '"''■' '-j. Milling cutter for performing the method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it consists of,; cv. ^! There is a cutting tool (7, 8) which has a seneid edge (713, 813) on each tooth flank (711, 712, 811, 812) on one side of the Zäline (71, 81) provided on the circumference of the tendon tool, where "each tooth of the
Scimeiawerkzeugs "of the one side and each corresponding tooth on the cutting tool of the other side are designed in such a way that they form a coherent tooth and the tooth flanks of each cutting tool with their cutting edge represent alternately opposite" LaLiiflenken. . 209816/0413 BATH ORIGINAL 6. Milling cutter according to claim 5, characterized in that the two cutting tools (7, 8) at their junction lie at a distance (s) tone from one another (Fig. 8] BATH ORIGINAL 209816/0413