DE2008338A1 - Method for braiding threads made of synthetic polymers - Google Patents

Description

DI 33ü TOM 3Έ UfEMDIIRS A3BH5 UOth and Marke-t Streets, Wilmington., Delaware 19 @ QÖ ₃ V.St.JL «

Method of braiding iron threads from synthetic polymers

The invention relates to compact (cohesive) multifilament yarn for use as a warp yarn in mechanical. Looms, known as braided yarn in which the individual threads and groups of threads along the entire length of the thread with adjacent threads and groups of threads · forming one cohesive unified strand (structure) are intertwined, intertwined or entangled. In particular, relates the invention is based on continuous thread warp yarns that are intertwined in this way are that they have a combination of properties, by virtue of which they are suitable for use as warp yarns in "shuttle looms, without being subject to the conventional" Need to be subjected to finishing process.

Unsized yarns have proven themselves to be warp yarns for several reasons so far not proven to be suitable in tissues. During weaving, the warp yarn suffers severe abrasion, which affects at least three Causes. First, the shuttle, which introduces the weft yarns into the fabric, slides over the warp yarns

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easily loosening threads from the bundle and damaging or breaking threads causing them to become loose. Second, after inserting the weft yarn, the reed, which consists of thin metal strips between one or more warp yarns, pushes the freshly inserted weft yarn into a closely parallel position to the previously inserted weft, and here the sheet exerts an abrasive effect on the _λ warp yarn in the longitudinal direction the end. Thirdly, the harness holders move warp yarns or groups of warp yarns alternately over or under the path of the protector with their strands.

The method according to the invention produces a compact, cohesive, interwoven, multi-thread yarn that can be used as a warp yarn in automatic mechanical looms is suitable, the looms in a satisfactory operation a fabric of high quality produce. The yarn retains the properties required for this purpose after it has fluctuations in tension and has been subjected to abrasion effects in the transverse and longitudinal directions. Fabrics made with this warp yarn can be processed with less washing work and less detergent than was previously the case for the removal of sizes, waxes, Dirt and the like from the fabric was required.

The braided fabric produced by the process of the invention Yarn is a compact "bundle of continuous filaments of sufficient length Strength and shows sufficient interweaving resistance and an exceptionally even cohesion as a bundle. The braided yarn is counted with the help of an automatic needle tilt counter according to the one described below APDC exam assessed. In doing so, a representative Sample the mean of 100 APDG determinations (X) in cm and the standard deviation ((T) of the readings determined. '

The yarn is tested for its resistance to entanglement in use by applying the above values to a yarn

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determined that has been unwound and rewound under mechanical stress, as described below using the test for entanglement resistance. The products of the process according to the invention are characterized by values of X '+ (T ", determined to two main points after unwinding and rewinding the yarn, of less than 0.17 (B / N) + 4.0 and a coefficient of variation (d ^ '/ X' ¹ ) less than 0.039 (d) + 0.33 and preferably less than 0.039 (d). + 0.30, where X 'is the mean of 100 APDC determinations in cm , cc "is the standard deviation from the APDO determinations, B is the breaking strength of the yarn in grams, N is the number of pads in the yarn and (d) is the denier of the thread. The breaking strength of the yarn must be at least 4.0N , and at least 50% of the threads must have tenacity of at least 2.0 g / den for the yarn to be satisfactorily woven as a warp without sizing or twisting. These products have less than 10 defects per 914,000 m of warp if, as described below, they check for outstanding F arenas are examined. '.

The yarn generally consists of at least 7 threads with a thread denier of 1 to 10 denier and preferably has a total denier of 20 to 250 denier, but yarns of up to 520 denier are also suitable. The threads preferably consist of synthetic linear polycondensation products such as polyethylene terephthalate or polyhexamethylene adipamide. The yarn preferably has an entanglement resistance after unwinding and rewinding with abrasion of at least 70%, determined with the aid of the entanglement resistance test described below. In order to achieve the best weaving behavior, the yarn should be braided in such a way that the value X ¹ + (T "defined above) is less than 0.17 (B / N) + 1.5.

The interwoven yarn produced according to the invention is compact (has cohesion). When the yarn is made using the below described leak test is examined,

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the diameter under a tension of 0.1 g / the measured diameter is at least 90 tfo of the diameter under a tension of 0.01 g / the measured diameter. Conventional finishes can be used in amounts up to about 2.5 percent by weight non-volatile finishes based on the weight of the yarn, and satisfactory loom performance is achieved without sizing. Substances that generate the conventional areas of running friction between the yarn and the surfaces of the guide elements, but increased static friction between the yarns, can be applied to the yarn either as a finish during its manufacture or instead of a size during a sizing process.

In a method according to the invention, the threads are braided with the aid of a gas which exits under a pressure of 4.2 to 7.0 atmospheric pressure through two adjacent openings in the form of intersecting gas jets, with a group of at least 7 threads with an average thread strength of at least 4.0 g per thread under a tension between 0.1 and 0.4 g / den is passed through the intersecting beams, so that the threads are braided into a yarn, which is then wound up to form a package. The adjacent openings are aligned side by side with respect to one another perpendicular to the direction of the yarn movement, as is shown in FIG. 6, for example. Finish is applied to the threads fed to the intersecting gas jets prior to braiding in amounts corresponding to 0.3 to 3.0 percent by weight of non-volatile finish ingredients. The yarn is quickly moved back and forth from one side to the other, so that the threads vibrate in the intersecting gas jets and a dense, interwoven yarn is created, which is characterized by a value X ¹ + O ^ ', in centimeters of less than 0, 17 (B / N) +4.0 and a value of er "/ X ^{1 of} less than 0.039 (d) +0.33, where X ', er", B, N and (d) have the above meanings .

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Then swiftly moving the yarn back and forth from one side to the other, so that the threads oscillate in the intersecting gas jets, this can be done mechanically or pneumatically . an arrangement of two nozzle devices connected in series be accomplished. The sliver guide, who is responsible for the production of a cross-wound package on a winding roller serves, provides a "spreading zone", in which the thread moves quickly from one side to the other and is brought here. According to one embodiment of the invention the intersecting gas jets are spatially arranged in this way) that the threads in the gas jets go back and forth through them "Effect of the sliver guide can be set in vibration. Adjacent to the intersecting gas jets fixed guide organs be arranged to move the yarn supply. to keep under control. , According to another embodiment According to the invention, two pairs of intersecting gas streams are arranged one behind the other in such a way that together they produce the Set the yarn in a rapid back and forth movement so that the yarns vibrate in the gas jets that intersect.

The finish can be applied in one place or in several places before braiding in amounts corresponding to 0.3 to 3.0 percent by weight of non-volatile finishing components applied to the threads fed to the intersecting gas jets will. The finish can. Before or after stretching, but can also be applied before and after stretching. Norma-. A second finish is usually applied after braiding. Commercially available yarns are usually 0.05 to 2.5. Weight percent non-volatile finish ingredients to reduce running friction. The second finish can do so be selected for their resistance to entanglement contributes. ,

Ώ & τ The expression "compact (cohesive) interwoven yarn" refers to products that are essentially free of ring-like or other thread loops (whereby they

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differ from the puffy, textured, "tousled" yarn or loop yarn). Furthermore, the intertwined Yarns are practically free of loose threads. The term “yarn” encompasses in the context of the present description not ropes, i.e. large bundles of threads that are brought together for processing and then into staple fibers warped or cut and spun into yarn.

For further explanation of the invention, reference is made to the drawings.

Fig. 1 shows the appearance of a typical braided according to the invention Yarn product that floats on water before unwinding and rewinding.

Fig. 2 shows the change in appearance when the same yarn floats on water after unwinding and rewinding.

Figure 3 similarly shows the appearance of an interwoven yarn which is not suitable for the purposes of the invention before unwinding and rewinding.

FIG. 4 shows the appearance of the yarn according to FIG. 3 after unwinding and rewinding, when it floats on water.

5 schematically explains a method and an apparatus for the production of interwoven polyamide yarns according to the invention.

Figure 6 is an enlarged perspective view of the interlacing nozzle assembly 37 according to FIG. 5, the plate 56 being partially broken away.

FIG. 7 schematically illustrates a method and a device for the production of interwoven polyester yarns according to FIG the invention.

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Pig. Fig. 8 is a schematic view of an apparatus for measuring the entanglement;

Pig. 9 shows a device for winding down and rewinding to to determine the entanglement resistance.

Pig. 1 shows the appearance of a typical, 34-thread, braided 70 denier yarn according to the invention; a water soluble Finishing before winding and rewinding, if carefully place it in a relaxed state on the surface of a quiet water bath is placed. Due to the effect of surface tension, the threads separate where possible is, making the dense and loose sections of the intertwined Structure emerge. The scale refers to Units of 25.4 mm. You can see that the intertwining that Holds bundles of yarn almost continuously together.

Pig. Fig. 2 shows the appearance of the same yarn on the same Examination after unwinding and rewinding. The pads are able to spread out a little more so that the periodic nature of the interweaving.

Pig. 3 similarly shows the appearance of an on water floating known, intertwined, 34-ply yarn of 70 denier from polyhexamethylene adipamide. One can see that Here, along the length of the specimen, there are only a few densely interwoven areas, but groups of threads in a more random manner Way are entwined.

Pig. 4 shows the appearance of the yarn according to Pig floating on water. 3 after unwinding and rewinding. Here it can be seen that the threads have considerably more proneness to separate from the bundle when subjected to an abrasive action in the transverse direction than is the case with the yarn according to Pig. 1 and 2 of the pail is.

Pig. Figure 5 illustrates a typical method of spinning, drawing and braiding a polyamide product according to that

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Invention. Molten polyhexamethylene adipamide is fed through line 23 to pump 24 which divides the flow and the polyamide feeds the four spinnerets 25, each of which produces one or more groups of threads. The threads will . cooled by air in the cooling channel 26 and solidified, and the thread groups are then combined into yarns at the bottom of the cooling channel "before they pass over the first finishing roll 27 run where the first finish is applied.

A typical yarn then runs around the positively driven feed roller 28 and the idle separating roller 29 in a number of wraps around, the separation roller 29 being arranged at such an angle that the turns advance and the yarns are kept separate from each other.

Then the yarns run over the idler roller 30 for a force fit driven forging roller 31, which rotates much faster than the feed roller 28. The yarns are in several Wraps are wrapped around the forging roller 31 and the associated, idle separating roller 32 and then continue to run to the two frictionally driven, angled forging rollers 33 »which run faster than the forging roller 31» . ' so that an additional stretching takes place. The rollers 33 »which are arranged at an angle that the wraps remain separated from each other, are located in the heating container 34, which is fed with hot air, around the yarn for the purpose of reduction to stabilize its shrinkage (heat setting).

Each yarn then runs out of the heating vessel through an interweaving nozzle device 35 »with most of the air stream emerging from the nozzle flowing in the direction of movement of the yarn. The tension of the yarn is sufficient to avoid loops and loose threads. The nozzle device 35 consists of two series-connected nozzles of type B- (as described below) at a distance from center to center of 2.22 ora for each strand of yarn (yarn path). In front of and behind the nozzles

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there are guide pins to keep each strand of yarn in the correct position To keep centering in the nozzle. Then the yarn overflows the second finish roller 36, where additional finish - sturdy applied will.

In a preferred method according to the invention there are no interweaving nozzles at 35, but instead only a single nozzle at 37. This arrangement is shown in detail in FIG Fig. 6 shown. The yarn then runs to a multiple package take-up roller, where it is wound into package 38.

FIG. 6 shows in detail the interweaving nozzle device in position 37 of FIG. 5. The yarn 52 experiences such a position Change of direction at the guide pins 53 and 59 that it is at any time in firm contact with. these pens and in more detail Alignment with the nozzle remains. The interweaving nozzle device 54, consisting of the vent plate 55 and the support plate 56 consists, which is at a distance from the plate 55 and paral-IeI runs towards it, is attached to the guide plate 57.

• Air is supplied to the nozzle device through the plate 57 by means of a line (not shown). The two guide pins 58 are located under the nozzle in such a position that straight lines drawn tangentially from the guide pin 59 to the two pins 58 do not diverge further from the center line of the nozzle device than to. Middle- . line of the two air holes ,, In the case of the nozzle assembly shown in FIG. 6, the major axes of the ellipses, which are formed by the interfaces of the air holes with the surface of the air hole plate 55, · lie on a common line, and the guide pin 100 serves for passing the Yarn between panels 55 and 56.

7 shows a strand of yarn in a method and a device for spinning, drawing and braiding a tubular polyester yarn. The molten polyester is pressed through the spinneret 39, cooled in zone 40 and

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merged into a thread bundle (yarn), whereupon the yarn over the finish roll 41 and then in a number of wraps around the feed roller 42 and the associated separation roller 43 is running. Then the yarn passes through with steam operated spreading nozzle 44 and runs over the finishing roll 45 to the forging rolls 46 arranged at an angle, which run considerably faster than the feed roller 42. The forging rollers are located in a heating container 47. Then it runs the yarn to finish roll 48 and thence through the interweaving nozzle assembly 49 and is wound onto the tube 50 driven by the roller 51. The nozzle device 49 is preferably that in Pig. 6 shown and is built as described in the previous paragraph, but without the lower guide 59 · The nozzle device 49 can, however, also be provided by a nozzle device arranged in front of the finishing roller 48. tion 99 must be replaced.

Fig. 8 shows a modification of the device described in U.S. Patent 3,290,932; the device is modified in such a way that the interlacing in the yarns produced according to the invention can be measured with greater accuracy. The yarn is withdrawn from the end of the supply yarn body 60 and runs through the thread guide 61 to the hysteresis brake 62, then over the guide pins 63 and 64 past the needle holder assembly 65 through the thread guide 66 around the drive roller 67 and the idle separating roller 68 to the waste container 69 In operation of the device, a new thread is tied to the end of the previous sample and the device is operated so that the new sample passes the needle holder assembly 65, the needle being withdrawn. Then the thread run is stopped automatically. The operator then presses the button 70 on the control panel 71, which sets the yarn running again and also actuates the solenoid valve 72 so that compressed air flows from the supply source 73 through the tube 74 into the needle holder assembly 65 (mounted on a pivot) and a needle (not shown) near the front through that

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Thread bundle pushes. While the yarn continues to run, it splits Needle the yarn bundle "until the density of the interweaving in the yarn is so great that the unit 65 against the Ipcaft des Weight 75 is tipped down. This interrupts the Flag 76 running from light source 77 to photocell 78 Light beam, which closes the solenoid valve 72 so that the needle is under the action of a spring withdraws and at the same time the motor 79 is stopped. During this period of time the thread that the needle has run has been running split the yarn, light from lamp 80 is through holes in of disk 81 fell onto photocell 82, and these pulses are from Hewlett-Packard electronic counter 83 has been recorded. The operator notes the number and then pushes button 70 to repeat the operation. Between the point at which the needle comes out of each bundle pulls out, and the thread lays a path for whoever the needle is inserted into the bundle on the next attempt from 7.5 cm back.

The yarn threads are preferably made of synthetic linear ones Polycondensation products; But you can also use threads from others Substances are used insofar as they affect the strength meet the requirements set. Examples of suitable materials are polyamides, such as polyeaprolactam, polyhexa-. methyleneadipamide, polyhexamethylene terephthalic acid amide and poly (m-phenylene isophthalic acid amide). Polyesters are also suitable. "Polyesters" are fiber-forming linear polycondensation products to understand those in the polyiondensate chain Carbonyloxy.-Links of structure

-CO- included. ₍

ι Weak threads, such as cellulose acetate and cellulose triacetate with the usual fineness numbers, are suitable for the purposes of Invention not. . *

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An interweaving nozzle device of the preferred type is the device disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,115,691 which is a has a self-centering effect. For the production of the majority of the yarns according to the invention, which are explained in the examples nozzles with the dimensions given in Table I are used. Type A nozzles are used for the polyester yarn in the Example 1 used. Type B nozzles are used for 40 and 70 denier polyamide yarn. Type 0 nozzles with larger dimensions are used for the 200 denier yarns of Example 3.

Table I.

! (The numbers of the
refer Figures and the reference numbers
to U.S. Patent 3,115,691 B: ) Nozzle type A. 2.
0.89 σ *
openings
Number per yarn
Diameter, mm 2
O ₁ 2
1.52 , 89

air impingement angle, degrees

(Angle ß, Pig. IV)

Distance between hole centers (determined on the surface of the Plate 12, Pig. Ill), mm 2.54

Cutting angle of the hole channels, degrees
(Angle oc, Fig. III, projected onto a plane perpendicular to the direction of the yarn)

Surface (12)

Upper surface of the target (5, Pig. IV)

Distance from hole to plate

(W), mm 0.76

60

60

2.54

4.52

90

Alumina

90

90

uncoated metal

-Aluminium oxide-

0.76

0.76

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The yarn speed, the air pressure, the amount of finish on the yarn and the yarn tension on the interweaving nozzle must be kept at a constant level. The threads approaching the interlacing zone should be uniform over their entire length in terms of their mechanical properties, their titer and their cross-sectional shape. The yarns must be routed evenly through zones with the same interweaving effect. All yarn-carrying surfaces must be kept clean and with a uniform surface roughness, especially those that follow the interlacing process. ^Λ

After exiting the nozzle, the strand of yarn should be stabilized in order to prevent the interlacing from shaking out. At the point where the yarn enters or leaves the nozzle emerges, a guide organ (coanda) can be used to control the forward exiting air flow from the strand of yarn.

I -

For the types of nozzles described above, the air pressure must be between 3.5 and 10.5 atmospheres and should preferably be between 4.2 and 7.0 atmospheres. When working in the preferred pressure range, the extent of the interweaving is relatively insensitive to fluctuations in stress. It is preferable to work with yarn tensions in the nozzle between 0.1 and 0.4 g / den and with finishing quantities on the yarn at the nozzle between 0.3 and 3.0 percent by weight of non-volatile constituents, and the yarns should be one behind the other Switched nozzles should be aligned precisely with the center of the nozzle or arranged in such a way that the center line of the yarn is in the middle between the two parallel plates in the spreading arrangement shown in FIG. If you work with a type of nozzle in which the zone of uniform interweaving effect is not in the middle, the yarn should be kept in the zone of uniform effect by means of appropriate guides, high tension or in some other way. <Incorrect twisting must be avoided so that there is no fluctuation in the freedom of the threads to separate from one another at the nozzle and to intertwine with one another.

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The tension on the yarn is more than sufficient around the yarn escaping from the zone of even interweaving to prevent as well as the development of a slackness and. of loops, crimps or curls in the yarn to prevent the gas flow.

The nozzle device according to US Pat. No. 3,115,691 has a self-centering effect that tends to drive the yarn towards the center of the nozzle. The entangling effect seems to be reinforced when the yarn is forced to one or the other of the intersecting air jets is drawn. Therefore, the arrangement shown in Fig. 6 has been found to provide a yarn of stronger strength Cohesion. It should be noted that the pair of pins 58 the

P skein allows only a small amount of movement, whereas the to-and-fro movement of the winder • sets the yarn in motion to a much greater extent. Therefore, the yarn in the interlacing zone runs one or the other for most of the time Limit of its movement and crosses the center line only during a smaller part of the total period. if but the yarn is moved back and forth on the package, the tension normally increases as the yarn moves The ends of the package because it then has to cover a greater distance. This higher tension would add up to some Hinder the entanglement when the yarn is in

fc would remain a zone of constant entanglement energy; by moving the yarn into a zone of more intense entanglement, the effect of higher tension becomes largely or completely balanced, so that one obtains an interlacing that is relatively independent of the periodic Reciprocation is.

On the other hand, an even interweaving can be achieved, when voltage fluctuations are reduced or prevented. In Pig. 6 shown embodiment the pins 58 the size of the voltage fluctuations,

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when these are measured at the nozzle by braking the yarn. When the nozzles are above the second finishing roll on the Location 35 in Fig. 5 or at location 99 in Fig. 7, attenuates the resistance that the yarn experiences on the finishing roller, the tension fluctuations. The tension can be drawn close make it completely uniform if one or more force-fit driven rollers are interposed between the interlacing device and the winding point.

At point 35 in FIG. 5 or at point 99 in FIG. 7 two interlacing nozzles connected in series can be used if the yarn does not go to the take-up point. and is brought here. In this case, the yarn is constantly fed into the center of the nozzle device, where it is the above-described, is exposed to damped fluctuating voltage. The two nozzles work together in such a way that one

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An interweaving of one dimension and one regularity is created becomes how.she cannot be achieved if one can do more Allows air to flow through a single nozzle. While the nozzle of the preferred type generally feeds the yarn between the two Keeping the gas jets centered, the turbulence is inconsistent and constantly moves the yarn between the two gas jets .back and forth. This is how the oscillation of the strand of yarn has an effect (of the yarn path), which is generated by one nozzle, assumes that the yarn between the openings of the other nozzle is similar Is guided back and forth in the same way as it is done with the back and forth movement when winding, but at a much higher rate Frequency. There should be no guides between the two nozzles be arranged so that this reciprocating motion. is prevented. Two nozzles connected in series should not be so close to one another that the air flowing out of one nozzle has the effect of intertwining or centering the other nozzle thwarted. Two nozzles connected in series can be in position 37 in FIG. 5 or in the position 49 of FIG. 7 can be used.

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Finishes are applied to the yarns according to the invention and / or applied in two or more places after interweaving. Finishes are substances that do the usual jobs have to control the friction between the yarn and the leading surfaces or between adjacent yarns, and the can also reduce the electrical charge; let them but the threads do not adhere to one another to an appreciable extent in the sense that it is in the case of plasters of the pail, and they also do not prevent the yarn bundles from changing their cross-sectional shape in normal textile processing.

It has been found that the amount and uniformity of the The finish applied to the yarn prior to its entry into the interlacing nozzle has a significant influence on the degree and the fe evenness of the interweaving, -which the yarn directly after the interlacing, and to exercise the resistance of the interlacing during the entire processing. A vary The application of the finish after the interweaving can lead to uneven abrasion of the yarn during the subsequent . Treatment and lead to an uneven decrease in entanglement.

Previously known yarns were produced with Appreturkonzentrationen (percent non-volatile Appreturbestandteile in the finishing solution) 12 to 20 $, while the dressings may be at the inventive method, concentrations of 2 to 10 I '. The term "non-volatile" constituents \ share refers to substances that are not essential at 105 ° C, volatility and remain after evaporation of the water or other medium in which they are applied to the yarn.

The composition of some types of finishes used in the

Examples below are shown in Table II

specified; this includes the volatile constituents of the finishing solutions not known.

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• ^V '■' ■ ■ -T a. Td e 1 1 e "II '" ■ -

Finishing of gas arnours . '_; ..

■ - ■■ - ■ - - ■ - ■■■ '■ "■'' Ge.w. Type M .--; -.-. ■ -: .. ■ -: ■■. - ..:. ■ ".

. SuIfated peanut oil and oleyl triglyoers 24.0

Diethylene glycol ·. . _; . 2.1

45 percent potassium hydroxide solution .- 2.1

Highly refined. Mineral oil 51.3

Oleic acid. ' ·,, .. · 11.7

Triethanolarain "4.4

. 40 percent sodium sala of o-phenylphenol 4.4

Polyethylene glycol diester. . '■ 85.9

Oleic acid . · ....- ■■ - ■ 2 _? G

Phosphoric acid mono- and dioleyl esters' · ■; · 8.1

45 percent potassium hydroxide solution '-,. ■ ■ ■. 3, .1

Type p . . . '■ ... · ■■■ ■■ ·'. ■; .- ■ ■ ..'- ■■■ - ■■.

. . St.etarinoäu ^ eTmtyles.ter · ■ '■' ■■ ''74, 7

SorMthexaoleate., ■ ..: 3y9

Fatty acid esters of higher polyglycols 8.1

Oleic acid '_; 2.3

Phosphoric acid mono- and dioleyl esters 7.4

45 percent potassium hydroxide solution .... ·· "- ^: 3» 6

■ - ■■ ... ..-.- ■: ■■:. ■. ■ '* ■ - · ■' 100.0

Polyethylene glycol diester '' "" '' '.70.0 ..

- Petto acid esters of. higher polyglycols ■ '- "' ^; 30.0

-. ■■ -, ..:. \ :: - '-.- ■■■: «■ ^: - · ■■■ ■■■ · ■■ ·'" ■ · ■ '■■'. '. Ioo; ö ;

Type P (on a dry basis) '". - 60.0.

Polyacrylic acid (dry basis) 40.0

, 100.0

w -

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Ft.-ft type S

Paraffin wax ("Atlantic Wax 131") 40.4

Modified oxidized Fischer-Tropsch

Wax ("Petrolite C-7500"). 2.2.4

Condensation product of ethylene oxide with

mixed primary alcohols; 160-18

Carbon atoms ("AIfonic 16180-7

Nonionic ") 22.4

Condensation product of stearylamine and

Ethylene oxide ("Ethomeen 18/15") -4.44

45 percent potassium hydroxide 0.36

Acrylic polymer dispersion (Rhoplex V-336 ") 10.0

• 100.0

Copolymer made of Ethylon Oxide and

Propylene oxide 97.0

Condensation product of nonylphenol and

9 to 10 moles of ethylene oxide ("igepal 00630") 3.0

100.0

The yarn produced according to the invention is a continuous thread yarn, the threads of which are interwoven in a tightly cohesive structure, the threads forming a small Y-angle with the thread bundle axis. A tightly intertwined area can resemble a braid of hair, with the difference that the number of strands varies in the groups participating in it. Individual threads and thread groups can be intertwined almost continuously over the entire length of the thread with neighboring threads and thread groups; more often j. ·;!,, jeuor.i; the interweaving of a "periodic" type, in that an area of dense interlacing follows an area of low interlacing or no interlacing, in which the threads lie essentially parallel to the axis of the axis and are not held together in this area Type of interlacing is satisfactory for weaving without size, the yarn must have such a cohesion that a needle: the, as below

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described, is inserted into the thread, the thread is not splits over a considerable length before meeting an area of dense interweaving. When tangled Areas do not occur evenly with sufficient frequency, long lengths of thread can be easily pulled out of the bundle during weaving.

The products produced according to the invention provide fabrics of high quality. The warp yarns keep their relatively even distance from one another because the thread bundle is not stiffened by sizing and the threads can be rearranged freely as required by the structure of the fabric, which is not the case with sized yarns.

Although the method according to the invention is primarily intended to provide that combination of properties which is necessary in order to make a yarn suitable for direct weaving in shuttle looms without sizing, the interwoven yarn is also suitable as a warp yarn in water jet Looms ·. Looms of this type are becoming increasingly important because of their higher operating speed and greater simplicity of the work processes compared to shuttle looms. If geschüchterte warp yarns are used in such looms, the sizing is softened by the serving for propelling of the filling water, and when the loom for an appreciable period of time is still, the sizing can dry, so that: the warp yarns are laid down in the array, they "when the loom was shut down .;

Yarn testing method

The following methods are used to analyze the new products of the method according to the invention: °

thread strength ,

The strength properties are determined in the usual way with the Instron Prtifgerät or an equivalent device. the

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mean thread strength is equal to the measured breaking strength of the bundle (B) divided by the number of threads (N).

■ ' tightness

A dense (compact) yarn is one whose diameter, measured under a tension of 0.1 g / denier, is not less than 90 io of the bundle diameter, measured under a tension of 50.01 g / denier. After removing and discarding the outer windings of a thread package, cut about 91 cm of thread from the thread package and attach this thread to the thread clamp on the digital counter end of a Suter twist counter. The movable twine clamp assembly is removed and the other end of the twine is then removed under and over two rollers

P and sufficient weight is attached to hold the sample of yarn between the clamp and the first roll to set a tension of 0.01 g / den. If the yarn has a twist, it is untwisted. Then the diameter of the yarn bundle on ten consecutive, by 25.4 mm each distant places, starting at a distance of 12.7 cm from the swirl counter clamp, with the help of a microscope with a 3.5-fold magnifying objective lens and a matching one Eyepiece (e.g. a 12.5-fold magnifying thread micrometer). Then the yarn is under tension of 0.1 g / den and the diameter determined again. The tightness (in percent) is calculated from the ratio of the average

Calculated for the lesser diameter at 0.1 g / denier to the mean diameter at 0.01 g / denier by multiplying by 100. If. if this value is less than 90 fa , the sample does not fall within the scope of the invention.

Unwinding and rewinding test for resistance to entanglement

Experience with intertwined yarns has shown that one Disc thread tensioner has a fairly strong influence on the properties of the yarn by tending to make the interweaving comb out of the yarn, and that the interlacing measurement after unwinding and rewinding with Durohgang

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The reed of the loom. The reed of the loom has a somewhat similar effect, so the device shown in Pig The yarn 84 is removed from the end of the package 85, which is positioned horizontally behind the disc tensioner assembly 86 '(from Cocker Manufacturing Company) Finished pin 88 around and between the matt finished washers 89 through. It then passes around the matte-finished pin 90 and between the matte-finished disks 91. The disk fastening assembly 92 is located, calculated from the hole 93, in the fourth locking position (the hole 93 being included). The disks 89 and 91 are evenly loaded with weights so that the yarn is under a tension of 0.3 g / den when it leaves the second disk 91. The yarn runs through the guide loop 94 over the idle roller 95 to the tension control roller 96 of a winder (Leesona model 95 ^), which winds the yarn onto a paper tube with an outer diameter of 7.93 cm and a length of 29.2 cm. The winder is set to run at a constant speed of 366 m / min. runs. '■■'. '■' ■

The Garnverflechtung is evaluated by pre- and post-drain and rewinding of the yarn, the NEN beschriebe- below APDC measurement performs. The percentage resistance to braiding is given by the value (Χ / Χ ·) (1ΟΟ), where X and X «mean the mean APDO readings before and after unwinding and rewinding.

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APDO test of the yarn structure

Ura to evaluate the interweaving structure of the yarn is the in Pig. 8 shown automatic needle tilt counter (APDG) used. In order to achieve the required measuring accuracy, the device described in US Pat. No. 3,290,932 modified in several respects · .- The hysteresis brake 62 is adjusted so that it is between the needle holder assembly 65 and the drive roller 67 results in a tension of 10 ί 1 g. The weight 75 on the pin mounted on the pivot is adjusted so that an entangling force of 8 ί 0.5 g is required to tilt the needle holder assembly. The disc 81 has 100 holes, and the drive roller 67 has one ™ circumference of 100 mm, so the photocell 82 for every millimeter Yarn run receives an impulse, the yarn running at a speed of 250 cm / min. The way the needle must travel to interrupt the light beam from the light source 77 is 0.5 to 1.0 mm. Between the point at the the. The needle withdraws from the 'thread bundle, and that At the point at which the needle engages the thread again at the beginning of the next measurement, the thread will move a path from 7.5 cm back. The operator records 100 measurements (X) for each yarn sample and forms the mean value X in centimeters. The standard deviation (cH) of the measurements is given by the equation

where N is the number of measurements. The percentage variation coefficient (GV) is calculated as (β * / X) (IOO). An Olivetti-Underwood programmer is used to perform these calculations of X, C, and CV in the examples below. The values for yarn that has been ^{unwound and rewound are rewarded with X 1} , <f 'and CV, respectively.

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As a result of extensive weaving tests, which were carried out as described in the examples ", it has been found that yarns which can be easily woven without sizing have interlacing structures that are characterized by low values of the sum of X ¹ and β" ¹ after Unwinding and rewinding are marked, as described for the test for entanglement resistance, and that lower values are required with decreasing thread strength.

Furthermore, the coefficient of variation (CV '), which is equal to the ratio 0 ″ ″ / X ¹ , must be smaller for yarns with a low denier than for yarns made of thick yarns. The yarns according to the invention have distribution curves of the APDC values after unwinding and rewinding, which approximate the "normal" bell-shaped distribution curves, while the previously used. Known yarns have asymmetrical distributions. This difference is highly significant because it indicates that the known yarns have occasional areas of insufficient interlacing where the yarns are not adequately protected from damage and breakage during weaving. The OV limitation specified for the yarns according to the invention ensures that yarns with an asymmetrical distribution as a result of low X 'values and high <y' values (such as are permissible per se according to the formula X ¹ · + (T ^- ") are excluded from the scope of the invention.

Error analysis ■ ^l

The quality of the yarns is usually monitored during the erection in such a way that defective yarns are detected which would lead to unsatisfactory weaving behavior. A device widely used for this purpose is the Lindly fault analyzer, which projects a light beam over all warp yarns in the plane of the warp yarn layer and receives the light on the opposite side of the warp by means of a photoelectric cell. Broken thread or * other faulty threads which protrude from the chain, reducing the intensities

00984072080

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did of the light reaching the photocell. The device can either be arranged so that it registers such errors in a counter, or so that the warping machine does so continues so that the defective parts can be removed. The Lindly error analyzer is used for this test (Series 1000) adjusted so that a 6 percent change in light intensity caused by yarn defects is registered by a counter. The number of defects per 9H 000 m of warp yarn is "calculated by taking the number of Error due to the number of monitored warp yarn lengths of each 91 »4 cm (expressed in millions) divided. A "warp yarn length of 91» 4 cm each "means the product of the number of monitored yarns and the number of length units of 91t4 cm each.

example 1

The device shown in FIG. 7 is used for draw-spinning and braiding of yarn in a continuous operation. Polyethylene terephthalate with a relative viscosity of 26 and a content of titanium dioxide as a matting agent of 2 io is spun from the melt into a yarn of 34 threads with a round thread cross-section. The yarn is protected by an aqueous finish which is applied by roller 41 in an amount corresponding to 0.6 percent by weight of non-volatile components. The finish consists of 65 parts by weight of refined coconut oil glycerides, 15 parts of sulfated glyceryl trioleate, 10 parts of nonylphenol-polyethyleneoxyethanol (5 to 6 ' moles of ethylene oxide per mole of nonylphenol), 10 parts of a mixture of mono- and diglyceryl oleate, 1 part of triethanolamine and 1 part of oleic acid. When applied, the finish contains 3.5% solids and 96.5% water.

The yarn is fed from the roller 42 at a speed of 804 m / min to the nozzle device 44 at a speed from -2789 m / min, to a titer of 70 den

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stretched and again provided with a 3.5 percent finish on the roller 45, since the finish applied by the roller 41 has essentially been removed by the nozzle device 44. The finish applied to the roller 45 amounts to 0.6 percent by weight of non-volatile substances, based on the treated yarn, and has the same composition as the finish applied by the roller 41. The forging rollers 46 are heated to 121 ° C. The finish roll 48 applies 0.7 weight percent non-volatile finish ingredients to the yarn. The applied from the roller 48 finish consists of 6 parts by weight of nonylphenol Polyäthylenoxyäthanol (5 to 6 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of nonylphenol), 65 parts Stearinsäureisobutylester, 10 parts of sodium dioctylsulfosuccinate, 6 parts of condensation product of 3 moles of ethylene * oxide and mixed secondary alcohols having 11 to 15 carbon atoms, 11.7 parts of free acid of a phosphated condensation product of 3 moles of ethylene oxide and mixed secondary alcohols with 11 to 15 carbon atoms and 1.3 parts of potassium hydroxide, all diluted to 18 to 20 % solids. The stretching nozzle 44 is fed with steam at 190 ° C. and 3.5 atmospheres. ·

When it passes through the DÜ3e 44, the yarn is drawn, and as it passes over the rollers 46, it is heat set. The treated yarn coming from the finishing roll 48 runs through the braiding nozzle 49 of type A according to Table I, where | the interweaving of the threads in the bundle is brought about by compressed air, which, measured at the nozzle, is under a pressure of at least 6.4 - 0.14 atmospheres. The interweaving nozzle is located in a housing that is provided with suitable guides is to get the yarn in the interlacing nozzle in the for the Entanglement to hold the most favorable position. The interweaving nozzle and the housing are between the rollers 48 and 51 arranged so that the yarn swings back and forth between and across a pair of nozzle openings, as it does on hand of Fig. 6 has been described. Between the braiding nozzle

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49 and the roller 51 there is a mechanism for guiding the yarn back and forth in order to bring about the desired package formation and the oscillating movement of the yarn in the nozzle. This mechanism generates 785-25 yarn movements per minute to the right and 785-25 yarn movements per minute to the left to build up a suitable package of yarn on a tube with an outer diameter of 5.8 cm and a length of 27.9 cm. The winding tension of the yarn between the roller. 48 and package 50 driven by roll '51 at a speed of 2697 m / min is 17-3 g (0.24 g / den) as measured immediately after the nozzle with a conventional tension meter. Interwoven yarns of surprising uniformity and cohesion resistance, a tenacity of 4 g / denier, an elongation at break of $ 30, a boil-off shrinkage of $ 8, a shrinkage caused by dry heat at 196 ° of 14 ° and a total content of non-volatile finishing constituents are obtained from 1.2 percent by weight of the yarn. As described above, all yarn bodies are examined for defects and pass the yarn test with an inspection. APDC determinations performed on this yarn are summarized in Table III.

Table III

APDG
(100 determinations)

Before the waste and re On disconnecting and Weaver rewinding wrap bestähdigkeit, ° / o X (J ^ CV X · C ^ "CV cm cm cm cm · £ fo

2.36 0.80 34 2.68 1.03 38 88

800 yarn package from the new interlaced yarn are placed on a conventional gate in stock and m for Services Process of subtrees 13 700 and 800 yarns per tree in a conventional warper used. Daa yarn is taken from the supply yarn bodies on the creel by an end customer.

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taken. The Lindlys.che Ee-hler analyzer, which is set so that it detects a 6 percent change in light intensity, records 0.97 errors per 914,000 m of warp yarn. Eight sub-trees are arranged on a commercially available sizing, drying and beaming machine, and a 5485 m chain with 129 warp yarns each 2.54 cm is rearranged directly into a warp beam without twisting or adding sizing. The warp layer on the beam machine is treated with 1.0 # wax. This efe is "Seyco: H" (the Seydell- 'Woolley and Co.), a wax with an ASTM needle penetration of 19. This wax, which is applied from the melt, leaves a deposit between the filaments when it cools of high viscosity and creates a surface coating that protects the yarn against abrasion. The warp beam is placed on a Draper XD shuttle loom, and a 127 cm wide fabric with 192 shuttle strokes per minute with 129 warp yarns each 2.54 cm made of interwoven 34-thread warp yarn of 70 den and 46 weft yarns each 2.54 cm made of double weft yarn with 26/1 single yarns from a mixture of 65 rf » polyester staple as.ern and 35 rfo cotton. The weaving efficiency is 90 rfo. .

Example 2 .

Polyhexamethylene adipamide with a relative viscosity of 40 and a nominal content of titanium dioxide as matting agent of 0.5 rf » is processed by draw spinning into a 34-ply yarn of 70 denier and with that in Pig. 5 braided under the conditions described in Table IV. The yarn properties are shown in Table V. The yarn is placed on a tree creel and processed into sub-trees in a conventional warping machine under the following rearing conditions :.

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Tree - 137 cm 76 on

Speed - 548 - 9 m / min.

Crosshair -. normal

Yarns - 790 per tree.

The tension of each strand of yarn is controlled by disc thread tensioners controlled, which are attached to the tree gates.

The quality of the yarn is analyzed during the production of the sub-trees with a Lindlyian fault analyzer (series 1000), which is located directly in front of the winding point
and is set to be caused by yarn defects
Detects light intensity changes of 4.4-9 ^ or more. The yarn faults are recorded by Lindly's fault analyzer without interrupting the erection work. This results in 1.1 faults per 914,000 m of warp yarn, based on 4570 m per subtree (a total of 8 subtrees). The yarn on the
Partial trees are rearranged with the help of a Cocker sizing, drying and baling machine without the use of sizing.
Three 127 cm warp beams are made into three 127 cm Draper XD shuttle looms into 96 χ 86 taffeta fabric with 166 shuttle loops each
Minute processed, the weft yarn being the 34-ply polyamide yarn described in British Patent 1,035,895
of 70 den serves. A total of 549 m (183 m on each loom) are woven with a weaving efficiency of 2.5 warp yarn rejects per 91.4 m, while a control sample with commercially sized warp yarn yields 4.0 warp yarn rejects per 91.4 m. The rest of these subtrees will be in a conventional
Rebuilding machine (at 73 m / min.) Re-erected to 127-cm warp beams. The unsized yarn is then cut with 200
Rifle strokes per minute woven into a taffeta fabric with 96 χ 86 plain weave, a commercial, 34-thread polyamide yarn of 70 denier being used as weft yarn in 120 cm Draper XD shuttle looms. This gives 2750 m of marketable fabric with a total weaving efficiency of 94 »8 #. (That
The weaving behavior of the yarn agrees well with the direct weaving behavior of a package made from the same yarn used in

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is determined on a small scale with the help of a laboratory loom and to the results summarized in G) from part VIII leads.)

Tabel

IT

Procedural conditions

Measuring pump throughput

First finish, concentration type

Feed roller speed

Speed of. first forging roll

Speed of the forging roll in the heating tank

Heat roller temperature

Second finish, concentration type

Winding tension Tension in the nozzle zone Winding speed Interweaving nozzle type

Air pressure

Air flow velocity air temperature -

- 1.45 kg / hour / skein

- 12 fo

- 988 m / min.

- 2363 m / min.

-. 3285 m / min.

- 190 - 2? C.

- M

- 20 ° / o

- 18 g (0.26 g / den)

- about 10 g

- 3130 m / min.

- Type B double nozzle

■ (at 35, Pig. 5)

- 5.6 atm

- 0.0778

- about 25 ° ö

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Table V

Yarn properties

Single package of twine
APDO (100 determinations).

X ·, cm (after unwinding and rewinding) - 1.9

(f ¹ , cm (after unwinding and rewinding) - 0.62

OV (after unwinding and rewinding), fo - 0.32

Titer den - 70.4

Number of threads per yarn bundle - 34

Strength, g / den - 5.36

Elongation at break, ^σ β> - 27.7

Young's modulus, g / den at 1 percent

Elongation χ 100 - 27.5

Thread tenacity, g / thread '- 11.1

Finishing on the yarn (weight basis)

first finish, % non-volatile components - 0.73

second finish, #, "-" "0.32

Example 3

Yarns that have few threads or high-denier or threads having both are particularly difficult to interweave. One such material is 20-ply polyamide yarn of 200 denier. This yarn is braided according to the method explained with reference to FIG. 5 with a braiding nozzle of type C (Table I), which is in position 37. A type Q finish (Table II) is used as both the first finish on the Roller 27 and also applied as a second finish to roller 36 according to FIG. 5. The test thread is made according to the silk system onto a 91.4 cm wide warp beam (4936 strands of yarn) without application backed up by sizing or after-treatment. Then, the yarn with 184 shooter strokes per minute in one Crompton-Knowles-C-4 shuttle loom into a 5-thread 160 χ 40 warp atlas woven with 12/2 rayon used as weft is made and 374 m of a 91.4 cm wide fabric

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will. The weaving efficiency is 1.5 warp yarn rejects each 91.4 m. The texture, the chair goods are first class. the The working conditions used for interlacing and the properties of the yarns obtained are shown in Table VI.

Table VI

Polymer throughput Speed of the feed roller

(28).

Speed of the first forging roll (31)

Speed of the second

2.45 kg / hour / yarn strand 530 m / min. 111.0 m / min

Forging roll (33) = 1920 m / min. Temperature of the second
Forging roll (33) = 200 ° G Finish, type ". = Q (concentration 20 Voltage on the nozzle = 30 g (0.15 g / den). Winding speed = 1830 m / min. * Air pressure. = 6.3 atü Yarn titre, the "= ■ 206.7 Yarn properties: X, cm, in front of the off and
Rewind = 3.2 , (f ', cm, before the off and
Rewinding ■ ■ = 1.6 GV before the departure and
Rewind = 0.50 X ', cm, after the off and
Rewinding, = 7.0 6 "^ ', cm, after removing and
, Rewinding. «. 4.0 OV after the down and
Rewind = 0.57 Entanglement resistance, $ = s 46 Strength, g / den = 5.22 Thread strength, g / thread = 53.8.

For laboratory testing of the weavability of the yarns a modified silk system warping machine is used,

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DP-753-R 33t

to make 66 cm wide warps from a single body of test thread. A 66 cm "wide Orompton-Knowles loom, model C5> is used to produce 8.2 m of fabric.

Sections of 2.7 m of each fabric will increase as the length increases Density (weft threads per 2.54 cm) at the specified settings woven until the highest density is reached in the last 2.7. The loom settings for the main yarn numbers are given in Table VII.

Table VII

ever Min. 40 and
the Web conditions 150 and
the 200 Warp yarns 2.54 cm 166 45 60, 70 and
85 den 166 Marksmen's strikes 1.54 cm 128 166 66 Strands of yarn each cm 80, 90 100 60, 70 80 Weft yarns each
(each 1.7 m) 21st 100 80, 90, 100 17th Stranded 2.54 each 6th 25th 4th Armor 4th

Teeth / 2.54 cm // yarn

strands / tooth. 64/2 50/2 34/2

Total number of strands of twine 3328 2600 ■ 1716

Weft yarn 34-ply polyamide yarn, 70 denier, ver

works according to British patent specification 1 035 895.

The abbreviation "FB" (thread breaks) describes the broken threads in the chain. When the loom is put into operation, so many yarn breaks can initially occur that the weaving is impossible. If the starting difficulties are only temporary, they are labeled "Start". Excellent products, which are completely suitable for technical weaving can be woven without any work difficulties even with the highest weft yarn densities. Samples on the border between To be woven and not to be woven, and therefore of the greatest possible quality

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Fourth for the determination of the limits of weavability are, create broken threads or broken yarns that can be counted and the broken strands of yarn hold the loom at. Therefore thread counts and loom downtimes can occur as a measure of the relative processability of these Borderline samples are used. A Rating system used from excellent (ausgo) to good, sufficient (gen.), Poor to unusable. "

The above-described webability test is applied to evaluate a number of polyhexamethylene adipamide yarns. The results as well as those of APDO determinations and other yarn properties are given in Table YIII. The table also gives the type of "interweaving dia" (table f le I), the air pressure, the yarn speed and the tension when interweaving the yarns; in other respects the processing is similar to that of comparable yarns of the previous examples.

Examples 4 to 12 illustrate the effect of changes in finish on yarn properties. Examples 13 to 18 illustrate 40 denier and 200 denier yarns according to the invention. All threads have a round cross-section with the exception of the threads according to Examples 13, 14 and 17, which are described in US Pat. No. 2,939,201 have a three-winged cross-section. _ -

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Table VIII

example 4th B 20th 5 B. 6th B. 7th 8th B. Ii 12th 20th 4.2 12th 20th 5.6 20th 5.6 N 20th Yarn titer, den 70.8 Two 71.4 70.9 69.8 69.8 cascaded
■ Nozzles 3130 3130 3130 8th Number of pades 34 5.6 34 34 34. 34 4.9 0.44 17th 0.57 18th 18th Interweaving nozzle type 3130 B. 3130 0.55 Nozzle arrangement 17th 17th M. IT M. N Air pressure, atm 8th Q Yarn speed, m / min. Yarn tension, g 12th 0.55 First finish Type 0.73 Q Concentration, $ non-volatile inventory M. parts on the yarn, fo Second finish Type Concentration, $

non-volatiles on the yarn, $> 0.32 0.41 0.06 0.25 0.45

Yarn properties:

X, cm, .before dismantling and
Rewinding 1.9 2.2 2.5 2.0 1.9 <^ cm, "" "" 0.66 0.83 0.88 0.70 0.67 CV Il Il Il Il 0.35 ' 0.38 0.36 0.35 0.36 X ' , cm, after the off and, '
Rewinding 2.0 2.6 3.0 2.1 • 2.1 •, cm, "" » 0.72 1.1 1.3 0.68 0.76 OV I Il Il Il 0.36 0.41 0.41 0.32 0.36

Entanglement resistance, fi 95 84 '83 95 91

Tenacity, g / den 4.96 5.58 5.05 4.89 4.99 Thread tenacity, g / thread 10.3 11.7 10.5 10.0 10.2 Weaving behavior:

Overall assessment · good good gen. Good exc.

Caused by chain

Loom stoppages _{: s 4-92}

for 80) _SchU c, _aiyarnp 0 Start Start Start 0 for 90 ^ Chussgarne ο 0 0 0 0

for 100) ^3Θ ^ ^{4 om} 2 0 1 m 0 0

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Tabel example 3S 20th 2008338 (Continuation) B. 11 12th B. 13th 5.6 .5.6 10 20th 4.2 20th DP-753-R Yarn titer, den VIII 10 71.3 71.6 ' 41.0 3130 2696 2715 Number of threads 9 0.55 70.7 34 34 13th 18th 18 " 0.85 0.54 10 1.18 Interweaving nozzle type 70.2 - 34 B ' B. Nozzle arrangement 34 cascaded
Nozzles IT Q Q - N Air pressure, atm B. 5.6 8th 8th Yarn speed, m / min _β Two 3130: Yarn tension, g 5.6. 1.9 18th 0.60 1.8 1.19 2.3 First finish 3130 0.68 0.73 0.91 Type 18th 0.37 N ' R. 0.39 M. 0.39 Concentration, $> 8th non-volatile inventory 2.1 2.0 2.8, parts on the yarn, fi 8th · 0.82 0.42 0.92 0.60 1.2 Second finish 0.39 0.30 0.44 Type 0.55 R. 0.48 Concentration, fo 91 90 84 non-volatile inventory Q 5.18 4.78 4.56 parts on the yarn, - $ 0.9.1 1.9 Polyacrylic acid 0.65 on the yarn _T tfo 0.41 0.34 Yarn properties: X, cm, in front of the off and . 2.0 ■ " Rewinding 1.8 0.67 (Ti cm, "" · «" 0.55 0.33 QY Il Il 11 Il 0.31 X ', cm, after the off and 95 Rewinding 2.3 4.89 tfv>, cm, "'» » '0.95 OV '"" " .0.40 Compliance strength age, # 78 Strength, g / den 5.23

Thread strength, g / thread 10.7 10.9 10.2 10.1 14.4

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example

Table VIII (continued)

Web behavior: overall rating

Loom standstills caused by chain:

for 80 for 90 for 100

Weft yarns 2.54 cm each

out,

12th

good out. out,

Ό 1 0 0 0 3 PB 0 PB 0 0 0 0 0 0 ' 0 0

example

16

17th

Yarn titer, den 40.2 B. 40.7 B. 40.6 B. 41.5 B. 7th 20th 4.2 N 8th 20th 5.6 N 8th 20th 4.2 N 8th 20th 204.3 C. N 12th Number of threads 13th 34 34 34 Two in a row
switched jets 2715 2669 1.15 2669 1.44 2669 1.60 20th 1 nozzle Interweaving nozzle type 10 11 11 10 5 Nozzle arrangement M. M. M. 1828 • M Air pressure, atm . N 30th 20th Yarn speed, m / min. 8th Yarn tension, g 1.22 First finish Type M. Concentration, fo non-volatile inventory
parts on the yarn, $ Second finish Type Concentration, ⁰ A.

non-volatile constituents on the yarn, "/ o

Yarn properties:

X, cm, in front of the off and

1.18 1.01 1.03 0.98

Rewinding 2.2 1.8 2.0 1.9 2.9 el cm, "" "" 0.73 0.56 0.56 0.59 1.5 CV Il It It ti 0.33 0.32 0.28 0.31 0.52 XS cm, after removing and Rewinding 2.6 1.9 1.8 1.9 5.6 (T " , cm, »« " 1.0 0.54 ■ 0.57 0.56 3.8 CV It It It 0.38 0.29 0.31 0.30 0.67 • - 36 - ' 009840/2080

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Table VIII (continued) Example "'14 15 16 17 18

Entanglement

digkeit, # -84 95 100 100 52

strength, g / den 4.48 4.75 4.80 4.45 x 4.77

Thread strength, g / thread 13.8 5.69 5.73 5.43 -48.7 Weaving behavior:

Overall rating excluded good 'out «out. Well

Loom stoppages caused by chain:

for QO S weft yarns! to 100 ** 2.54 cm

3 3? B. 0 0 3 FB * 0 0 0 0 2 PB Ό 0 0 0 0

* With 60 weft yarns each 2.54 cm. f

Further polyhexamethylene adipamide yarns with a relative viscosity of 40 and a nominal content of titanium dioxide as a matting agent of 0.5 ° are produced and braided in the device according to FIG. The two jets connected one behind the other are at 35 *. The processing conditions and yarn properties are summarized in Table IX. In contrast to the examples in Table VIII, the yarns are rearranged on 274 m warp beams and processed into 96 x.86 taffeta fabric in two different, commercially available shuttle looms. The number of a warp yarn by the stoppages caused when using commercially available interlaced and the sized warp yarn loading '■ normally transmits three per 91.4 m in the Dräper XD loom and seven per 91.4 m in the Draper X-3 -Webstuhl * The percentage after the information about the type of finish relates to the amount of non-volatile finish components in the aqueous dispersion.

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Tabel

IX

More 'examples of tightly interwoven (semi-matt) yarns

in shuttle looms

example

Yarn denier, the number of threads interlacing nozzles nozzle arrangement

air pressure, atü First finish type

Concentration, $ Second Finishing Type

Concentration, fo yarn speed, m / Hin.

Thread tension (behind roller 36), g

Interlaced yarn * in the yarn package

X, cm, before unwinding and rewinding

19th 20th 21st 5.6 70 70 70 Q 34 34 17th 8th B. B. B. Q Two one behind the other
tete nozzles 8th 5.6 5.6 2742 Q τ 8th 2 Q R. 8th 10 3200 3200

18th

cm,

, cm, after unwinding and rewinding

cm

ö " ¹

OV = - = -

X ·

Entanglement resistance, strength, g / den thread strength, g / thread Web behavior

Webatuhlart (Draper) Webgeuchwindigkoit,

Marksman strokes / min. Caused by chain

Standstills / 91.4 m total weaving behavior

2.12 2.06 2.5-7 0.73 0.62 0.93 2.19 2.15 3.53 0.75 0.69 1.73 0.34 0.32 0.49 97 96 75 5.2 5.2 5.2 10.7 10.7 21.4

XD X-3 XD X-3 XD X-3

200 172 200 172 200

4.5 4.5 5.5 -10 4 ex. good Good

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Note * to Table IX;

Each value refers to 24 packages 100 splits each
Package. . , ■

In the following examples, polyhexamethylene adipamide yarns produced by the method of Examples 19 to 21 under the particular conditions given in Table X are used
Raised into three ribbon chains and processed into 100 χ 80 fabrics in a draper shuttle loom »For the first 1.8 m
the same 70 denier 34 ply weft yarn is used as in Table VII. The remaining 6.4 m is woven into the shuttle without weft yarn. The mechanically stressed warp yarns
are then again evaluated with the APDÖ measuring device for their interweaving resistance after weaving .. |

The main difference between the procedures by which the
Yarns produced in the following examples are in the first and second finishes. The APDC value (X) before unwinding and rewinding is practically the same for all three yarns, but the effect of the different ones results
Finishes from the values after unwinding and rewinding
and after weaving. In Example 22, normal smear finishes (first finish of type ET, second finish of
Type M) is used. In example 23 the preferred combination type Q / type Q and in example 24 the preferred combination type T / type R is used.

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KP-755-R

Tabel example

Yarn denier, the number of threads, type of interweaving nozzle Nozzle arrangement

Air pressure, atü yarn tension, g first finish type

Concentration, $

non-volatile components on the yarn, </ o

Second finish type
Concentration, fo

non-volatile components on the yarn, ^c / o

Yarn properties:

X, cm, before unwinding and rewinding

cm

CV

X ¹ , cm, after unwinding and rewinding

CT "■ '» cm, "" »

Entanglement resistance, "/> X", cm, after weaving (T ", cm,"""

23

70 70 70 5.6 54 54 34 · 8th B. B. B. T Two one behind the other
tete nozzles 2 5.25 5.6 7th 8th N Q 8th 8th

0.54

M.
20th

0.85

0.55

Q 8

0.52

R 10

Entanglement resistance, ^c ß>

1.81 1.86 1.81 0.59 0.66 0.54 0.52 0.35 0.29 2.25 2.13 1.93 0.87 0.76 0.54 0.59 0.35 0.27 81 87 94 4.03 2.68 2.12 2.70 1.41 0.84 0.67 0.52 0.40 55 69 86

* Non-volatile constituents on the yarn

excluding polyacrylic acid> 0.94 polyacrylic acid on the yarn = 0.35

Total non-volatiles = 1.29

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Claims (5)

Claims T. method for interweaving threads made of synthetic polymers, "in which a gas jet is directed at a moving, tensioned multifilament yarn Action is brought, characterized in that the gas under a pressure of 4.2 to 7.0. atü from two neighboring Openings that are aligned side by side perpendicular to the running direction of the yarn in the form of intersecting rays can flow out, a group of at least 7 threads with an average strength of at least 4.0 g per thread through the intersecting beams under a tension of 0.1 to 0.4 g / den such that the threads are intertwined into a yarn, the yarn too wound a package of yarn, prior to braiding on the threads fed to the intersecting beams a Finishing in amounts corresponding to 0.3 to 3.0 percent by weight of non-volatile finishing ingredients, applies, and quickly moves the yarn back and forth from one side to the other, so that the threads in the intersecting rays are made to vibrate. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the yarn in a mechanical way by ¹ side to side so forth, and is brought hither that the threads are placed in the .sich-intersecting beams, in oscillation. - 41 - 009840/2080 DP-753-R 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the yarn by a sliver guide when winding quickly from one side to the other is guided back and forth and the intersecting rays create such a spatial arrangement have that the threads in the rays are made to vibrate. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the 'yarn pneumatically through two series-connected Nozzle units is guided back and forth in such a way that the threads in the intersecting jets in Vibrations are displaced. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that there are two pairs of consecutive, intersecting It uses beams that work together to quickly move the yarn from side to side so that the Threads are made to vibrate in the intersecting beams. - 42 - 009840/2080