DE19924687C2 - Layer system for corrosion protection of light metals and light metal alloys - Google Patents

Layer system for corrosion protection of light metals and light metal alloys

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Publication number
DE19924687C2
DE19924687C2 DE19924687A DE19924687A DE19924687C2 DE 19924687 C2 DE19924687 C2 DE 19924687C2 DE 19924687 A DE19924687 A DE 19924687A DE 19924687 A DE19924687 A DE 19924687A DE 19924687 C2 DE19924687 C2 DE 19924687C2
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Prior art keywords
layer
layer system
light metal
substrate
protective layer
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DE19924687A
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German (de)
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DE19924687A1 (en
Inventor
Andreas Dietz
Hansjoerg Lipowsky
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Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Audi AG
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Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Audi AG
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Publication of DE19924687A1 publication Critical patent/DE19924687A1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
    • C23C28/021—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material including at least one metal alloy layer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
    • C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
    • C23C18/1633—Process of electroless plating
    • C23C18/1646—Characteristics of the product obtained
    • C23C18/165—Multilayered product
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
    • C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
    • C23C18/1633—Process of electroless plating
    • C23C18/1655—Process features
    • C23C18/1662—Use of incorporated material in the solution or dispersion, e.g. particles, whiskers, wires
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
    • C23C28/023—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material only coatings of metal elements only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
    • C23C28/023—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material only coatings of metal elements only
    • C23C28/025—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material only coatings of metal elements only with at least one zinc-based layer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F11/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D15/00—Electrolytic or electrophoretic production of coatings containing embedded materials, e.g. particles, whiskers, wires
    • C25D15/02—Combined electrolytic and electrophoretic processes with charged materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/10—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals
    • C25D5/12—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals at least one layer being of nickel or chromium
    • C25D5/14—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals at least one layer being of nickel or chromium two or more layers being of nickel or chromium, e.g. duplex or triplex layers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/60—Electroplating characterised by the structure or texture of the layers
    • C25D5/605—Surface topography of the layers, e.g. rough, dendritic or nodular layers
    • C25D5/611—Smooth layers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/627—Electroplating characterised by the visual appearance of the layers, e.g. colour, brightness or mat appearance

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Schichtsystem zum Korrosionsschutz von metallischen Oberflächen, insbesondere solchen aus Leichtmetallen und Leichtmetall­ legierungen. Das erfindungsgemäße Schichtsystem kann vorteilhaft im Korro­ sionsschutz von metallischen Bauteilen in der Kraftfahrzeugindustrie eingesetzt werden.The invention relates to a layer system for corrosion protection of metallic Surfaces, especially those made of light metals and light metal alloys. The layer system according to the invention can advantageously in the Korro protection of metallic components used in the automotive industry become.

Korrosionsschutz von Metallen ist ein extrem wichtiges Thema für die metallver­ arbeitende Industrie im allgemeinen und insbesondere für die Kraftfahrzeug­ industrie. Die Standards für die Kraftfahrzeugindustrie stellen hohe Anfor­ derungen an die Beständigkeit der Fahrzeuge und Fahrzeugteile in Bezug auf Korrosion und Lochfraß.Corrosion protection of metals is an extremely important topic for metallver working industry in general and in particular for the motor vehicle Industry. The standards for the automotive industry place high demands changes in the durability of vehicles and vehicle parts in relation to Corrosion and pitting.

Leichtmetalle wie Aluminium und Magnesium sowie deren Legierungen finden in der Industrie und im Automobilbau immer mehr Verwendung. Von Nachteil ist, daß diese Werkstoffe aufgrund ihres negativen elektrochemischen Potentials sehr korrosionsanfällig sind. Es wurden daher unterschiedliche Methoden ent­ wickelt, diese Metalle vor Korrosion zu schützen.Light metals such as aluminum and magnesium and their alloys can be found in in industry and in automotive construction. The disadvantage is that these materials due to their negative electrochemical potential are very susceptible to corrosion. Different methods were therefore developed wraps to protect these metals from corrosion.

So wurden Leichtmetallbleche mit Konversionsschichten auf Chromatbasis ver­ sehen, die in Verbindung mit KTL(kathaphoretischen Tauchlackierungs)- oder Pulverlacken wirken. Diese Konversionsschichten werden insbesondere für den Sichtbereich eingesetzt, also für Oberflächen, die für einen Betrachter sichtbar sind. Wird jedoch bei einer mechanischen Beschädigung der Schutzschicht das darunter liegende Substrat aus Leichtmetall freigelegt, ist das Grundmaterial ungeschützt und korrosiven Einflüssen ausgesetzt.For example, light metal sheets with conversion layers based on chromate were used see that in connection with KTL (cathaphoretic dip painting) - or Powder coatings work. These conversion layers are particularly useful for the Visible area used, i.e. for surfaces that are visible to an observer are. However, if there is mechanical damage to the protective layer The base material is the underlying substrate made of light metal unprotected and exposed to corrosive influences.

Gemäß dem Derwent Abstract ist in JP 62-79277 A1 eine Beschichtung mit anti­ korrosiven Eigenschaften beschrieben für Komponenten aus Eisen oder Alumi­ nium wie Schrauben, Bolzen, Muttern etc. Die Beschichtung besteht aus einem Polymer mit filmbildenden Eigenschaften, in dem druckempfindliche Micro kapseln mit einem nicht flüchtigen, antikorrosiven Öl dispergiert vorliegen. According to the Derwent Abstract, a coating with anti is in JP 62-79277 A1 Corrosive properties described for components made of iron or aluminum nium such as screws, bolts, nuts etc. The coating consists of a Polymer with film-forming properties in the pressure-sensitive micro capsules are dispersed with a non-volatile, anti-corrosive oil.  

Bei Beschädigung tritt das Öl aus den Kapseln aus, löst das Polymer, wobei die erhaltene Lösung die Schadstelle abdeckt.In the event of damage, the oil escapes from the capsules and releases the polymer, the solution obtained covers the damaged area.

Als Korrosionsschutz für Stahlbleche schlägt die EP 0 323 756 A1 vor, auf diesen Stahlblechen galvanisch eine Schutzschicht aus Zink oder einer Zink­ legierung abzuscheiden, wobei diese Schutzschicht korrosionsverhindernde feste Teilchen enthält, die mit einer dünnen Beschichtung aus beispielsweise SiO2, Al2O3, ZrO2 oder TiO2 verkapselt sind. Als korrosionsverhindernde feste Teilchen finden Chromate, Aluminiumverbindungen, Phosphate, Molybdänver­ bindungen und Titanverbindungen Verwendung.As corrosion protection for steel sheets, EP 0 323 756 A1 proposes to galvanically deposit a protective layer of zinc or a zinc alloy on these steel sheets, this protective layer containing corrosion-preventing solid particles which are coated with a thin coating of, for example, SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 or TiO 2 are encapsulated. Chromates, aluminum compounds, phosphates, molybdenum compounds and titanium compounds are used as corrosion-preventing solid particles.

Derartige Verbindungen lassen sich jedoch aufgrund Ihres Oberflächenpotentials nur ungenügend galvanisch auf Stahlblechen abscheiden. Daher werden diese Teilchen gemäß der Europäischen Patentanmeldung mit einem Material wie z. B. SiO2, Al2O3, ZrO2 oder TiO2 verkapselt, wobei dieses Material zur Kontrolle des Oberflächenpotentials der korrosionshemmenden Partikel dient und deren gal­ vanische Abscheidung auf einem Stahlblech unterstützt.However, due to their surface potential, such connections can only be insufficiently deposited galvanically on steel sheets. Therefore, according to the European patent application, these particles are coated with a material such as e.g. B. SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 or TiO 2 encapsulated, this material being used to control the surface potential of the corrosion-inhibiting particles and to support their galvanic deposition on a steel sheet.

Weiter wird beschrieben, daß aufgrund der Verkapselung die Beständigkeit gegen Lochfraß erhöht wird, da die korrosionsverhindernden Ionen nur langsam durch das Kapselmaterial diffundieren können und so eine kontinuierliche und gleichmäßige Freisetzung über einen längeren Zeitraum stattfindet.It is further described that due to the encapsulation, the durability against pitting, since the corrosion-preventing ions are slow can diffuse through the capsule material and thus a continuous and uniform release takes place over a longer period of time.

Erfindungsgemäß soll ein Korrosionsschutz zur Verfügung gestellt werden, mit dem mechanische Beschädigungen von Oberflächen von Leichtmetallbauteilen sicher versiegelt und vor korrosiven Einflüssen geschützt werden können.According to the invention, corrosion protection is to be provided with the mechanical damage to the surfaces of light metal components can be securely sealed and protected against corrosive influences.

Der Erfindung liegt somit die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Leichtmetallsubstrat bei einer mechanischen Beschädigung des Werkstückes auf selbstheilende Weise vor Korrosion zu schützen.The invention is therefore based on the object of a light metal substrate mechanical damage to the workpiece in a self-healing manner protect against corrosion.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein korrosionsbeständiges Leichtmetallschichtsystem gelöst, das ein Substrat aus einem Leichtmetall enthält, wobei auf mindestens einer Oberfläche des Leichtmetallsubstrats eine metallische Schutzschicht aufgebracht ist, und die Schutzschicht Mikropartikel aufweist, die einen flüssigen Wirkstoff enthalten.This task is accomplished through a corrosion-resistant light metal layer system solved, which contains a substrate made of a light metal, with at least one  A metallic protective layer is applied to the surface of the light metal substrate and the protective layer has microparticles that contain a liquid active substance contain.

Erfindungsgemäß wurde erkannt, daß die Oberfläche von Leichtmetallen vor Korrosion geschützt werden kann, indem auf die Oberfläche eine Metallmatrix aufgebracht wird, welche Mikrokapseln enthält. Diese Mikrokapseln bestehen aus einer Polymerhülle mit einem darin enthaltenen flüssigen Wirkstoff. Im Fall einer mechanischen Beschädigung der Schicht werden die Mikrokapseln zerstört und setzen den darin enthaltenen Wirkstoff frei, der die beschädigte Stelle durch Ausbildung einer Schicht vor äußeren Einflüssen und damit vor Korrosion schützt.According to the invention it was recognized that the surface of light metals Corrosion can be protected by placing a metal matrix on the surface is applied, which contains microcapsules. These microcapsules are made from a polymer shell with a liquid active ingredient contained therein. In the case mechanical damage to the layer destroys the microcapsules and release the active ingredient it contains that penetrates the damaged area Formation of a layer against external influences and thus against corrosion protects.

Als Wirkstoff werden Stoffe eingesetzt, die nach Zerstörung der Mikrokapseln und Freisetzung die beschädigte Stelle vor äußeren Einflüssen schützen, indem sie darauf eine Schutzschicht ausbilden. Beispiele hierfür sind Lacke und Inhi­ bitoren. Die Wirkstoffe müssen ausreichend dünnflüssig sein, um sich schnell . und sicher über die beschädigte Stelle verbreiten zu können und dort die Schutz­ schicht ausbilden zu können.Substances are used as the active ingredient after the microcapsules have been destroyed and release protect the damaged area from external influences by they form a protective layer on it. Examples of this are lacquers and inhi bitoren. The active ingredients must be sufficiently thin to be quick. and to be able to spread safely over the damaged area and the protection there to be able to train a layer.

Bevorzugte Wirkstoffe sind flüssige Lacke. Beispiele dafür sind Alkydharze mit langkettigen ungesättigten Fettsäuren, die allein durch Luftoxidation aushärten können, und ein Zwei-Komponenten-Epoxidharz, das durch den Zusatz von Aminverbindungen aushärten kann, wobei die beiden Komponenten durch die Mikroverkapselung getrennt voneinander in der Schicht vorhanden sind.Preferred active ingredients are liquid paints. Examples include alkyd resins long-chain unsaturated fatty acids that cure solely through air oxidation can, and a two-component epoxy resin by the addition of Amine compounds can cure, the two components through the Microencapsulation is present separately in the layer.

Als Kapselhülle kann ein beliebiges Polymer eingesetzt werden, das mit dem Matrixmaterial verträglich ist und sich zusammen mit dem Matrixschichtmaterial auf das Substrat aufbringen läßt. Das Polymer kann ein Kunststoff sein. Ein bevorzugtes Kapselmaterial ist z. B. ein Melamin-Formaldehydharz. Die Kapseln können einen Durchmesser in einem Bereich von 0,5 bis 7 µm haben.Any polymer can be used as the capsule shell, which with the Matrix material is compatible and together with the matrix layer material can be applied to the substrate. The polymer can be a plastic. On preferred capsule material is e.g. B. a melamine-formaldehyde resin. The capsules can have a diameter in a range from 0.5 to 7 µm.

Die Herstellung der Mikrokapseln ist allgemein bekannt und kann mit üblichen Verkapselungstechniken erfolgen. The production of the microcapsules is generally known and can be carried out using conventional methods Encapsulation techniques are done.  

Als Material für die Schutzschicht eignen sich prinzipiell alle stromlos oder gal­ vanisch auf dem betreffenden Leichtmetallsubstrat abscheidbaren Metalle ins­ besondere Kupfer, Nickel und Titan sowie deren Legierungen, wobei Nickel und Nickellegierungen besonders bevorzugt sind.In principle, all are de-energized or gal as materials for the protective layer Metals that can be deposited vanically on the light metal substrate in question special copper, nickel and titanium and their alloys, nickel and Nickel alloys are particularly preferred.

Claims (16)

1. Korrosionsbeständiges Leichtmetallschichtsystem, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Schichtsystem ein Substrat aus einem Leichtmetall (1) enthält, wo­ bei auf mindestens einer Oberfläche des Substrats (1) eine metallische Schutzschicht (3) aufgebracht ist, die Mikropartikel (4) mit einem flüssigen Wirkstoff enthält.1. Corrosion-resistant light metal layer system, characterized in that the layer system contains a substrate made of a light metal ( 1 ), where a metallic protective layer ( 3 ) is applied to at least one surface of the substrate ( 1 ), the microparticles ( 4 ) with a liquid active substance contains. 2. Schichtsystem nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Leichtmetall ausgewählt ist unter Aluminium, Magnesium, Titan so­ wie deren Legierungen.2. Layer system according to claim 1, characterized, that the light metal is selected from aluminum, magnesium, titanium so like their alloys. 3. Schichtsystem nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schutzschicht (3) aus einem galvanisch oder stromlos abscheid­ baren Metall gebildet ist.3. Layer system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the protective layer ( 3 ) is formed from a galvanically or electrolessly separable metal. 4. Schichtsystem nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schutzschicht (3) aus einem Metall ausgewählt unter Nickel, Kupfer oder deren Legierungen besteht.4. Layer system according to claim 3, characterized in that the protective layer ( 3 ) consists of a metal selected from nickel, copper or their alloys. 5. Schichtsystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen dem Substrat (1) und der Schutzschicht (3) mindestens eine Zwischenschicht (2) vorgesehen ist. 5. Layer system according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that at least one intermediate layer ( 2 ) is provided between the substrate ( 1 ) and the protective layer ( 3 ). 6. Schichtsystem nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die mindenstens eine Zwischenschicht (2) aus Zink oder einer Zink­ legierung gebildet ist.6. Layer system according to claim 5, characterized in that the at least one intermediate layer ( 2 ) is formed from zinc or a zinc alloy. 7. Schichtsystem nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß auf die Schutzschicht (3) mindestens eine weitere Schicht (5, 6) aufge­ bracht ist.7. Layer system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the protective layer ( 3 ) at least one further layer ( 5 , 6 ) is brought up. 8. Schichtsystem nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß diese mindestens eine Deckschicht (5, 6) eine Glanznickelschicht (5) und/oder eine Glanzchromschicht (6) ist.8. Layer system according to claim 7, characterized in that this is at least one cover layer ( 5 , 6 ) a bright nickel layer ( 5 ) and / or a bright chrome layer ( 6 ). 9. Schichtsystem nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der flüssige Wirkstoff ein Lack oder ein Inhibitor ist.9. Layer system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized, that the liquid active ingredient is a lacquer or an inhibitor. 10. Schichtsystem nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Lack ein Alkydharz mit langkettigen ungesättigten Fettsäuren ver­ wendet wird, das an der Luft aushärtbar ist.10. Layer system according to claim 9, characterized, that ver as an alkyd resin varnish with long-chain unsaturated fatty acids is applied that is curable in air. 11. Schichtsystem nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Lack ein Zwei-Komponenten-Epoxidharz eingesetzt wird, und die beiden Komponenten getrennt voneinander in den Mikrokapseln (4) vor­ liegen. 11. Layer system according to claim 9, characterized in that a two-component epoxy resin is used as the lacquer, and the two components are separate from one another in the microcapsules ( 4 ). 12. Schichtsystem nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Hülle der Mikropartikeln aus einem Kunststoffmaterial gebildet ist.12. Layer system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized, that the shell of the microparticles is formed from a plastic material. 13. Schichtsystem nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Hülle für die Mikropartikeln (4) ein Melamin-Formaldehydharz ver­ wendet wird.13. Layer system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a melamine-formaldehyde resin is used as the shell for the microparticles ( 4 ). 14. Schichtsystem nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche enthaltend ein Substrat aus einem Leichtmetall (1) darauf aufgebracht eine Zwischenschicht aus Zink (2), eine Schutzschicht aus Nickel (3) enthaltend Mikropartikel (4) mit einem flüssigen Wirkstoff, eine erste Deckschicht (5) aus Glanznickel und eine zweite Deckschicht (6) aus Glanzchrom in dieser Reihenfolge.14. Layer system according to one of the preceding claims, comprising a substrate made of a light metal ( 1 ) applied thereon, an intermediate layer made of zinc ( 2 ), a protective layer made of nickel ( 3 ) containing microparticles ( 4 ) with a liquid active substance, a first cover layer ( 5 ) made of bright nickel and a second cover layer ( 6 ) made of bright chrome in this order. 15. Verwendung eines Schichtsystems nach einem der vorhergehenden An­ sprüche in der Automobilindustrie oder Sanitärindustrie.15. Use of a layer system according to one of the preceding An sayings in the automotive industry or sanitary industry. 16. Verwendung eines Schichtsystems nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14 mit einem Aluminiumsubstrat zur Herstellung von Aluminiumautofelgen.16. Use of a layer system according to one of claims 1 to 14 with an aluminum substrate for the production of aluminum car rims.
DE19924687A 1998-05-28 1999-05-28 Layer system for corrosion protection of light metals and light metal alloys Expired - Fee Related DE19924687C2 (en)

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