DE19921904A1 - Preparation of antimicrobial polymer for medical and hygiene articles, varnishes, paints and coatings comprises polymerizing monomers that have been functionalized by a quat. amino group - Google Patents

Abstract

Preparation of antimicrobial polymer comprises polymerizing aliphatically unsaturated monomers that have been functionalized by a quat. amino group.

Description

The invention relates to a method for producing antimicrobial polymers by Polymerization of amino-functionalized monomers and the use of the so produced antimicrobial polymers.

Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for producing antimicrobial Polymers by graft polymerization of amino functionalized monomers a substrate and the use of the antimicrobial substrates thus produced.

Colonization and spread of bacteria on pipe surfaces, Containers or packaging are highly undesirable. It is formed often layers of mucus that cause microbial populations to soar extremely Water, beverage and food qualities have a lasting impact and even to spoil the goods and harm the health of consumers being able to lead.

Bacteria are from all areas of life where hygiene is important keep away. This affects textiles for direct body contact, in particular especially for the intimate area and for nursing and elderly care. Also are Keep bacteria away from furniture and device surfaces in care stations, especially in the area of intensive care and care of infants, in the sick houses, especially in rooms for medical interventions and in isolation stations for critical infections and in toilets.

Devices, surfaces of furniture and textiles are currently used against bacteria if necessary or as a precaution with chemicals or their solutions as well Mixtures treated as a disinfectant more or less wide and have a massive antimicrobial effect. Such chemical agents are non-specific often themselves toxic or irritating or form health-threatening  Degradation products. Often there are also intolerances sensitized people.

Another approach against superficial spread of bacteria is the Incorporation of antimicrobial substances into a matrix.

Tert.-butylaminoethyl methacrylate is a commercially available monomer of methacrylate chemistry and is used in particular as a hydrophilic component in copolymerizations used. For example, EP-PS 0 290 676 describes the use of various polyacrylates and Polymethacrylates as a matrix for the immobilization of bactericidal quaternaries Ammonium compounds described.

From another technical field, U.S. Patent 4,532,269 discloses a terpolymer from butyl methacrylate, tributyltin methacrylate and tert-butylaminoethyl methacrylate. This polymer is used as an antimicrobial marine paint, the hydro phile tert-butylaminoethyl methacrylate promotes the slow erosion of the polymer and so the highly toxic tributyltin methacrylate as an antimicrobial agent releases.

In these applications, the copolymer made with aminomethacrylates is only Matrix or carrier for added microbicidal active ingredients, which from the Diffuse or migrate carrier. Polymers of this type lose more or less quickly their effect if the necessary on the surface "minimal inhibitory concentration" (MIK) is no longer achieved.

From European patent applications 0 862 858 and 0 862 859 it is known that Homo- and copolymers of tert-butylaminoethyl methacrylate, one Methacrylic acid ester with quaternary amino function, inherently microbicidal Possess properties. To avoid undesirable adaptation processes of the microbial Life forms, especially in view of those from antibiotic research known resistance developments of germs to effectively counteract  systems based on new compositions and improved ones Effectiveness to be developed.

The object of the present invention is therefore to develop novel, to develop antimicrobial polymers. If necessary, these should be used as a coating prevent the settlement and spread of bacteria on surfaces.

It has now surprisingly been found that by polymerization of aliphatic unsaturated monomers, at least simply by a quaternary amino group are functionalized, polymers are obtained with a surface that is permanent is microbicidal, not attacked by solvents and physical stress and will show no migration. It is not necessary to use other biocidal agents to use.

The present invention relates to a method for producing antimicrobial polymers, characterized in that aliphatic unsaturated Monomers that are functionalized at least simply by a quaternary amino group are polymerized.

All aliphatic unsaturated monomers are suitable as monomer units have at least one quaternary amino function, such as. B. 3- Methacryloylaminopropyltrimethylammonium chloride, 2-methacryloyloxyethyl trimethylammonium chloride, 2-methacryloyloxyethyl trimethylammonium methosulfate, 3-acrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride, Trimethylvinylbenzylammonium chloride, 2-acryloyloxyethyl-4-benzoylbenzyl- dimethylammonium bromide, 2-acryloyloxyethyl-trimethylammonium methosulfate, N, N, N-trimethylammonium ethenbromide, 2-hydroxy-N, N, N-trimethyl-3 - [(2- methyl-1-oxo-2-propenyl) oxy] ammonium propane chloride, N, N, N-trimethyl-2 - [(1- oxo-2-propenyl) oxy] ammonium ethane methyl sulfate, N, N-diethyl-N-methyl-2 - [(1- oxo-2-propenyl) oxy] ammonium ethane methyl sulfate, N, N, N-trimethyl-2 - [(1-oxo-2- propenyl) oxy] ammonium ethane chloride, N, N, N-trimethyl-2 - [(2-methyl-1-oxo-2-  propenyl) oxy] ammonium ethane chloride, N, N, N-trimethyl-2 - [(2-methyl-1-oxo-2- propenyl) oxy] ammonium ethane methyl sulfate, N, N, N-triethyl-2 - [(1-oxo-2-pro penyl) amino] ammonium ethane.

Those used in the process according to the invention at least simply by a quaternary amino group functionalized, aliphatic unsaturated monomers can have a hydrocarbon residue of up to 50, preferably up to 30, especially preferably have up to 22 carbon atoms. The substituents on the Amino groups can be aliphatic or vinyl hydrocarbon radicals such as Methyl, ethyl, propyl or acrylic residues or cyclic hydrocarbon residues such as substituted or unsubstituted phenyl or cyclohexyl radicals with up to 25 Have carbon atoms. Furthermore, the amino group can also by keto or aldehyde groups such as acryloyl or oxo groups. As Counterion of the quaternary ammonium ions can e.g. B. halides such as chlorides, Bromides or fluorides, the salts of mineral acids such as nitrides or sulfates as well Methyl sulfate can be used.

In order to achieve a sufficient polymerization rate, the im Monomers used according to the process of the invention have a molecular weight below 900, preferably have less than 550 g / mol.

In a particular embodiment of the present invention, aliphatic unsaturated monomers of the general formula functionalized simply by a quaternary amino group

R ₁ NR ₂ R ₃ R ₄ X

with R ₁ : branched, unbranched or cyclic, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon radical with up to 50 C atoms, which can be substituted by O, N or S atoms,
R ₂ , R ₃ , R ₄ : branched, unbranched or cyclic, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon radical with up to 25 carbon atoms, which can be substituted by O, N or S atoms, where R ₂ , R ₃ , R _{4 are the} same or different and
X: F ^- , Cl ^- , Br ^- , I ^- , SO ₄ ^2- , SO ₃ ^2- , CH ₃ SO ₃ ^- , CH ₃ CO ₂ ^- , C ₂ O ₄ ^2- , CO ₃ ^2- , PO ₄ ^3- , PO ₃ ^2- , NO ₃ ^- , NO ₂ ^- , NO ^- , CN ^- , SCN ^- , CNO ^- , ClO ^- , ClO ₂ ^- , ClO ₃ ^- , ClO ₄ ^-
be used.

The process according to the invention can also be carried out by polymerizing the at least one simply monomers functionalized by a quaternary amino group on one Substrate. It becomes a physisorbed coating from the antimicrobial copolymer obtained on the substrate.

All polymeric plastics, such as, for example, are suitable as substrate materials. B. Polyurethanes, polyamides, polyesters and ethers, polyether block amides, polystyrene, Polyvinyl chloride, polycarbonates, polyorganosiloxanes, polyolefins, polysulfones, Polyisoprene, poly-chloroprene, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), corresponding Copolymers and blends as well as natural and synthetic rubbers, with or without radiation-sensitive groups. The method according to the invention can also be used on surfaces of painted or otherwise with plastic Use coated metal, glass or wooden bodies.

In a further embodiment of the present invention, the antimicrobial polymers by graft polymerization of a substrate with a at least simply functionalized by a quaternary amino group, aliphatic unsaturated monomers can be obtained. The substrate can be grafted covalent attachment of the antimicrobial polymer to the substrate. As All polymeric materials, such as the plastics already mentioned, can be substrates be used.  

The surfaces of the substrates can be after a graft copolymerization Set of methods to be activated. All standard methods for Activation of polymeric surfaces are used. For example, the Activation of the substrate before the graft polymerization by UV radiation, Plasma treatment, corona treatment, flame treatment, ozonization, electrical Discharge of γ radiation, methods used. The are expedient Surfaces previously in a known manner using a solvent of oils, fats or other contaminants.

The substrates can be activated by UV radiation in the wavelength range 170-400 nm, preferably 170-250 nm. A suitable radiation source is e.g. B. a UV excimer device HERAEUS Noblelight, Hanau, Germany. But also Mercury vapor lamps are suitable for substrate activation if they are significant Emit radiation in the areas mentioned. The exposure time is generally 0.1 seconds to 20 minutes, preferably 1 second to 10 Minutes.

The activation of the standard polymers with UV radiation can continue with a additional photosensitizer. For this, the photosensitizer, such as B. Benzophenone applied to the substrate surface and irradiated. This can also be used with a mercury vapor lamp with exposure times of 0.1 Seconds to 20 minutes, preferably 1 second to 10 minutes.

According to the invention, the activation can also be carried out by plasma treatment using a RF or microwave plasma (Hexagon, Technics Plasma, 85551 Kirchheim, Germany) in air, nitrogen or argon atmosphere. The Exposure times are generally 2 seconds to 30 minutes, preferably 5 seconds to 10 minutes. The energy input for laboratory devices is between 100 and 500 W, preferably between 200 and 300 W.  

Corona devices (SOFTAL, Hamburg, Germany) can also be used. use for activation. The exposure times in this case are Usually 1 to 10 minutes, preferably 1 to 60 seconds.

Activation by electrical discharge, electron or γ rays (e.g. from a cobalt 60 source) and ozonization enables short exposure times, which are generally 0.1 to 60 seconds.

Flaming substrate surfaces also leads to their activation. Suitable devices, in particular those with a flame barrier, can be opened easily build or, for example, obtain from ARCOTEC, 71297 Mönsheim, Germany. You can use hydrocarbons or hydrogen as Fuel gas operated. In any case, harmful overheating of the Avoid substrate, which is due to intimate contact with a cooled Metal surface on the substrate surface facing away from the flame side is easily achieved. The activation by flame is accordingly on relatively thin, flat substrates limited. The exposure times are generally 0.1 seconds to 1 minute, preferably 0.5 to 2 seconds, all of which deal with non-glowing flames and the distances the substrate surfaces to the outer flame front 0.2 to 5 cm, preferably 0.5 up to 2 cm.

The substrate surfaces activated in this way are produced using known methods, such as Dip, spray or brush with aliphatic unsaturated monomers that are at least simply functionalized by a quaternary amino group, optionally coated in solution. Water and Water-ethanol mixtures have proven their worth, but other solvents can also be used, provided they have sufficient solvency for the monomers and the Wet the substrate surfaces well. Other solvents are, for example Ethanol, methanol, methyl ethyl ketone, diethyl ether, dioxane, hexane, heptane, benzene, Toluene, chloroform, dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran and acetonitrile. Solutions with  Have monomer contents of 1 to 10 wt .-%, for example with about 5 wt .-% have proven themselves in practice and generally result in one pass coherent coatings covering the substrate surface Layer thicknesses that can be more than 0.1 µm.

The graft copolymerization of those applied to the activated surfaces Monomers can be expediently by radiation in the short-wave segment of the visible range or in the long-wave segment of the UV range electromagnetic radiation can be initiated. Z. B. the radiation a UV excimer of the wavelengths 250 to 500 nm, preferably from 290 to 320 nm. Mercury vapor lamps are also suitable here, provided they are significant Emit radiation in the areas mentioned. The exposure times are generally 10 seconds to 30 minutes, preferably 2 to 15 Minutes.

Graft copolymerization can also be achieved by a process described in European patent application 0 872 512, and on one Graft polymerization of swollen monomer and initiator molecules is based.

In the process according to the invention, further aliphatically unsaturated ones Monomers, in addition to those functionalized by a quaternary amino group Monomers. Thus, at least one as a monomer mixture simply aliphatic unsaturated functionalized by a quaternary amine group Monomer with acrylates or methacrylates, e.g. B. acrylic acid, tert-butyl methacrylate or methyl methacrylate, styrene, vinyl chloride, vinyl ether, acrylamides, acrylonitriles, Olefins (ethylene, propylene, butylene, isobutylene), allyl compounds, vinyl ketones, Vinyl acetic acid, vinyl acetate or vinyl esters can be used.

The antimicrobial polymers produced by the processes according to the invention from aliphatic unsaturated monomers, at least simply by a quaternary Amino groups are functionalized, even without grafting on one Microbicidal or antimicrobial behavior.  

If the process according to the invention is carried out directly on the If the substrate surface is used, conventional radical initiators can be added become. As initiators u. a. Azonitriles, alkyl peroxides, hydroperoxides, Acyl peroxides, peroxoketones, peresters, peroxocarbonates, peroxodisulfate, persulfate and all common photoinitiators such. B. acetophenones, α-hydroxyketones, Use dimethyl ketal and benzophenone. The initiation of polymerization can also continue thermally or, as already stated, by electromagnetic Radiation, such as B. UV light or γ radiation.

Use of the modified polymer substrates

Further objects of the present invention are the use of the Antimicrobial polymers produced according to the invention for the production of antimicrobial products and the products so produced as such. The products can be modified according to the invention polymer substrates contain or consist of these. Such products are preferably based on Polyamides, polyurethanes, polyether block amides, polyester amides or imides, PVC, polyolefins, silicones, polysiloxanes, polymethacrylate or Polyterephthalates modified with polymers produced according to the invention Have surfaces.

Antimicrobial products of this type are, for example, and in particular Machine parts for food processing, components of air conditioning systems, Roofing, bathroom and toilet articles, kitchen articles, components from Sanitary facilities, components of animal cages and dwellings, Toys, components in water systems, food packaging, Control elements (touch panel) of devices and contact lenses.

The present invention also relates to the use of the Surface antimicrobial polymers produced according to the invention modified polymer substrates for the production of hygiene products or medical articles. The above discussion of preferred materials apply accordingly. Such hygiene products are, for example, toothbrushes,  Toilet seats, combs and packaging materials. Under the label Hygiene items also include other items that u. U. with many people in Come into contact, like telephone receivers, handrails of stairs, door and Window handles and straps and handles in public transport. Medical technology articles are e.g. B. catheters, tubes, cover films or surgical cutlery.

The polymers, copolymers or graft polymers produced by the process according to the invention can be used wherever bacteria-free, ie microbicidal surfaces or surfaces with non-stick properties are important. Examples of uses for microbicidal polymers produced by the process according to the invention are in particular paints, protective coatings or coatings in the following areas:

• - Marine: hulls, port facilities, buoys, drilling platforms, Ballast water tanks
• - House: roofs, cellars, walls, facades, greenhouses, Sun protection, garden fences, wood protection
• - Sanitary: public toilets, bathrooms, shower curtains, toiletries, Swimming pool, sauna, joints, sealing compounds
• - Food: machines, kitchen, kitchen items, sponges, toys, Food packaging, milk processing, drinking water systems, Cosmetics
• - Machine parts: air conditioners, ion exchangers, process water, solar systems, Heat exchangers, bioreactors, membranes
• - Medical technology: contact lenses, diapers, membranes, implants
• - Articles of daily use: car seats, clothing (stockings, sportswear), Hospital facilities, door handles, telephone receivers, public Transportation, animal cages, cash registers, carpeting, wallpaper.

To further describe the present invention, the following Given examples that further illustrate the invention, but not its scope limit as set out in the claims.

example 1

A polyamide 12 film is 2 minutes at a pressure of 1 mbar 172 nm Radiation from an excimer radiation source from Heraeus exposed. The so The activated film is placed in a radiation reactor under protective gas and fixed. Then the film is countercurrently with 20 ml of a mixture to 3 g 2-methacryloyloxyethyl-trimethylammonium chloride (Aldrich), 57 g demineralized water and 40 g of methanol. The radiation The chamber is closed and under a distance of 10 cm Excimer irradiation unit from Heraeus, which emits the Has wavelength 308 nm. The irradiation is started, the exposure time is 15 minutes. The film is then removed and mixed rinsed from 15 ml of methanol and 15 ml of demineralized water. The slide will then dried in vacuo at 50 ° C. for 12 hours. Then the slide in Water extracted 5 times 6 hours at 30 ° C, then dried at 50 ° C for 12 hours. Subsequently, the back of the film is treated in the same way, so that finally a polyamide film coated on both sides with grafted polymer receives.

Example 1a

A coated piece of film from Example 1 (5 by 4 cm) is placed in 30 ml of a test germ suspension of Staphylococcus aureus and shaken. After a contact time of 30 minutes, 1 ml of the test microbial suspension is removed and the number of microbes in the test mixture is determined. After this time, the number of germs has dropped from 10 ⁷ to 10 ³ .

Example 1b

A coated piece of film from Example 1 (5 × 4 cm) is placed in 30 ml of a test microbial suspension of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and shaken. After a contact time of 60 minutes, 1 ml of the test microbial suspension is removed, and the number of microbes in the test mixture is determined. After this time the number of germs has dropped from 10 ⁷ to 10 ⁴ .

Example 2

A polyamide 12 film is 2 minutes at a pressure of 1 mbar 172 nm Radiation from an excimer radiation source from Heraeus exposed. The so The activated film is placed in a radiation reactor under protective gas and fixed. Then the film is countercurrently with 20 ml of a mixture to 3 g 2-methacryloyloxyethyl-trimethylammonium methosulfate (Aldrich), 57 g demineralized water and 40 g of methanol. The radiation The chamber is closed and under a distance of 10 cm Excimer irradiation unit from Heraeus, which emits the Has wavelength 308 nm. The irradiation is started, the exposure time is 15 minutes. The film is then removed and mixed rinsed from 15 ml of methanol and 15 ml of demineralized water. The slide will then dried in vacuo at 50 ° C. for 12 hours. Then the slide in Water extracted 5 times 6 hours at 30 ° C, then dried at 50 ° C for 12 hours. Subsequently, the back of the film is treated in the same way, so that finally a polyamide film coated on both sides with grafted polymer receives.

Example 2a

A coated piece of film from Example 2 (5 by 4 cm) is in 30 ml Test bacteria suspension of Staphylococcus aureus inserted and shaken. To a contact time of 15 minutes is taken from 1 ml of the test germ suspension,  and determined the number of bacteria in the test batch. After this time there are none Staphylococcus aureus germs more detectable.

Example 2b

A coated piece of film from Example 2 (5 by 4 cm) is placed in 30 ml of a test microbial suspension of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and shaken. After a contact time of 60 minutes, 1 ml of the test microbial suspension is removed, and the number of microbes in the test mixture is determined. After this time the number of germs has dropped from 10 ⁷ to 10 ² .

Example 3

A polyamide 12 film is 2 minutes at a pressure of 1 mbar 172 nm Radiation from an excimer radiation source from Heraeus exposed. The so The activated film is placed in a radiation reactor under protective gas and fixed. Then the film is countercurrently with 20 ml of a mixture to 3 g 3-acrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride (Aldrich), 57 g demineralized water and 40 g of methanol. The radiation The chamber is closed and under a distance of 10 cm Excimer irradiation unit from Heraeus, which emits the Has wavelength 308 nm. The irradiation is started, the exposure time is 15 minutes. The film is then removed and mixed rinsed from 15 ml of methanol and 15 ml of demineralized water. The slide will then dried in vacuo at 50 ° C. for 12 hours. Then the slide in Water extracted 5 times 6 hours at 30 ° C, then dried at 50 ° C for 12 hours. Subsequently, the back of the film is treated in the same way, so that finally a polyamide film coated on both sides with grafted polymer receives.

Example 3a

A coated piece of film from Example 3 (5 by 4 cm) is in 30 ml Test bacteria suspension of Staphylococcus aureus inserted and shaken. To a contact time of 15 minutes is taken from 1 ml of the test germ suspension,  and determined the number of bacteria in the test batch. After this time there are none Staphylococcus aureus germs more detectable.

Example 3b

A coated piece of film from Example 3 (5 × 4 cm) is placed in 30 ml of a test microbial suspension of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and shaken. After a contact time of 60 minutes, 1 ml of the test microbial suspension is removed, and the number of microbes in the test mixture is determined. After this time, the number of germs has dropped from 10 ⁷ to 10 ³ .

Example 4

A polyamide 12 film is 2 minutes at a pressure of 1 mbar 172 nm Radiation from an excimer radiation source from Heraeus exposed. The so The activated film is placed in a radiation reactor under protective gas and fixed. Then the film is countercurrently with 20 ml of a mixture to 3 g 2-methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride (Aldrich), 2 g Overlaid methyl methacrylate (Aldrich) and 95 g of methanol. The radiation The chamber is closed and under a distance of 10 cm Excimer irradiation unit from Heraeus, which emits the Has wavelength 308 nm. The irradiation is started, the exposure time is 15 minutes. The film is then removed and with 30 ml of methanol rinsed off. The film is then dried in vacuo at 50 ° C. for 12 hours. The film is then extracted in water 5 times 6 hours at 30 ° C, then at 50 ° C dried for 12 hours.

Subsequently, the back of the film is treated in the same way, so that finally a polyamide film coated on both sides with grafted polymer receives.  

Example 4a

A coated piece of film from Example 4 (5 by 4 cm) is in 30 ml Test bacteria suspension of Staphylococcus aureus inserted and shaken. To a contact time of 15 minutes is taken from 1 ml of the test germ suspension, and determined the number of bacteria in the test batch. After this time there are none Staphylococcus aureus germs more detectable.

Example 4b

A coated piece of film from Example 4 (5 by 4 cm) is placed in 30 ml of a test microbial suspension of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and shaken. After a contact time of 60 minutes, 1 ml of the test microbial suspension is removed, and the number of microbes in the test mixture is determined. After this time, the number of germs has dropped from 10 ⁷ to 10 ³ .

Example 5

A polyamide 12 film is 2 minutes at a pressure of 1 mbar 172 nm Radiation from an excimer radiation source from Heraeus exposed. The so The activated film is placed in a radiation reactor under protective gas and fixed. Then the film is countercurrently with 20 ml of a mixture to 3 g 2-methacryloyloxyethyltrimethyl-ammonium methosulfate (Aldrich), 2 g Overlaid methyl methacrylate (Aldrich) and 95 g of methanol. The radiation The chamber is closed and under a distance of 10 cm Excimer irradiation unit from Heraeus, which emits the Has wavelength 308 nm. The irradiation is started, the exposure time is 15 minutes. The film is then removed and with 30 ml of methanol rinsed off. The film is then dried in vacuo at 50 ° C. for 12 hours. The film is then extracted in water 5 times 6 hours at 30 ° C, then at 50 ° C dried for 12 hours.

Subsequently, the back of the film is treated in the same way, so that finally a polyamide film coated on both sides with grafted polymer receives.  

Example 5a

A coated piece of film from Example 5 (5 by 4 cm) is in 30 ml Test bacteria suspension of Staphylococcus aureus inserted and shaken. To After a contact time of 15 minutes, 1 ml of the test germ suspension is removed and determined the number of bacteria in the test batch. After this time there are none Staphylococcus aureus germs more detectable.

Example 5b

A coated piece of film from Example 5 (5 × 4 cm) is placed in 30 ml of a test microbial suspension of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and shaken. After a contact time of 60 minutes, 1 ml of the test microbial suspension is removed, and the number of microbes in the test mixture is determined. After this time, the number of germs has dropped from 10 ⁷ to 10 ³ .

In addition to the microbicidal activity against cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus also showed all samples a microbicidal action against cells from Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Rhizopus oryzae, Candida tropicalis and Tetrahymena pyriformis.

Claims (11)

1. A process for the preparation of antimicrobial polymers, characterized in that aliphatically unsaturated monomers which are functionalized at least once by a quaternary amino group are polymerized. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that functionalized by a quaternary amino group aliphatic unsaturated monomers of the general formula
R ₁ NR ₂ R ₃ R ₄ X
with R ₁ : branched, unbranched or cyclic, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon radical with up to 50 C atoms, which can be substituted by O, N or S atoms,
R ₂ , R ₃ , R ₄ : branched, unbranched or cyclic, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon radical with up to 25 carbon atoms, which can be substituted by O, N or S atoms, where R ₂ , R ₃ , R _{4 are the} same or different and
X: F ^- , Cl ^- , Br ^- , I ^- , SO ₄ ^2- , SO ₃₂ , CH ₃ SO ₃ ^- , CH ₃ CO ₂ ^- , C ₂ O ₄ ^2- , CO ₃ ^2- , PO ₄ ^3- , PO ₃ ^2- , NO ₃ ^- , NO ₂ ^- , NO ^- , CN ^- , SCN ^- , CNO ^- , ClO ^- , ClO ₂ ^- , ClO ₃ ^- , ClO ₄ ^-
be used. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized, that the polymerization with further, aliphatic unsaturated monomers is carried out.   4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized, that the polymerization is carried out on a substrate. 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized, that the polymerization is carried out as a graft polymerization of a substrate becomes. 6. The method according to claim 5, characterized, that the substrate before graft polymerization by UV radiation Plasma treatment, corona treatment, flame treatment, ozonization, electrical Discharge or γ-radiation is activated. 7. The method according to claim 5, characterized, that the substrate before the graft polymerization by UV radiation with one Photosensitizer is activated. 8. Use of manufactured according to one of claims 1 to 7 antimicrobial polymers for the manufacture of articles with a antimicrobial coating made of the polymer. 9. Use of manufactured according to one of claims 1 to 7 antimicrobial polymers for the production of medical technology articles with an antimicrobial coating made of the polymer. 10. Use of manufactured according to one of claims 1 to 7 antimicrobial polymers for the production of hygiene articles with a antimicrobial coating made of the polymer.   11. Use of manufactured according to one of claims 1 to 7 antimicrobial polymers for the production of paints, protective coatings or Coatings.