DE19837277A1 - Plant for distilling and cracking bitumens, asphalt, tars and tar sludges comprises double screw conveyor in heating chamber connected to distillation column recovering valuable hydrocarbons - Google Patents

Abstract

The distillation and cracking chamber (3) is horizontal or inclined. Preferred Features: The chamber (3) contains co- or counter-rotating double extruder screws (2), mixing and conveying the feedstock continuously. Materials used vary in viscosity during the process, and are employed to optimize residence time, such that fuel oil, diesel and other distilled products are produced. These are used for heating or synthesis. A fractionation column (7) is connected to the chamber. Temperature regions are set up in the chamber for cracking and/or distillation. Modular extension is feasible. The double extruder cleans the chamber. A mixture of feedstocks (as specified) is treated, the products being recycled as valuable materials. The plant is mobile, e.g. being dimensioned for container mounting. Principal components are the chamber, extruder, burner (4), motor (5), chute (6) and column flange.

Description

field of use

Recycling and processing of z. B. bituminous substances, asphaltenes, tars and tar muddy.

The invention relates to a device and a method with which different bituminous substances, Asphalts, tars and tar sludges can be processed, so distilled and thermolyzed can that z. B. different heating oil qualities, diesel fuel, gasoline and other fission products can be produced.

The object of the invention is to provide a device and a method with which continuously bituminous substances, asphaltenes, tars and tar sludges e.g. B. various heating oils or diesel fuel, u. a. Fractions can be made.

The object is achieved by a device having the features of claim 1.

Due to the structure of the device and the process is under constant mixing and Heating brought the temperature of the goods into such areas that water and low-boiling Components distilled off and cracking processes can also take place with increasing temperature.

The change in viscosity represents a parameter by means of which the degradation can be recorded. The According to the invention, bituminous substances, asphalts, tars and tar sludges are passed through and in the Distillation / cracking chamber through two or more counter-rotating or co-rotating extruders Snails made of high-temperature steel are mixed and transported further and get into others Chambers with higher process temperature. Different temperatures arise at the selected temperatures higher boiling fuel oil fractions.

A fractionation column is located on the distillation / cracking chamber, which contains a double extruder appropriate.

The distillation / cracking chamber consists of two half-shells or tubes in which they run in opposite directions the or co-rotating extruder screws and above which there is a variable gas space is located, which opens into the column. The dimensions of the chamber and the extruder screws depends on the desired throughput and can be adjusted so that the heat transfer corresponds to the required material flows. The distillation / cracking chamber is horizontal or on one  inclined plane with variable inclination angle attached. The fill level is determined by the angle of inclination determined in the respective chamber.

The better extraction of the distilled material helps that the distilled material can flow back and the extruder continuously transports the distillation material and mixes it. The distances between the extruder screws on the one hand and the half-shell wall or the wall of the still Lation / cracking chamber are dimensioned so that a reflux of low-viscosity parts is possible. The Extruders can also be designed so that a defined backflow of the material is achieved.

Due to the design, the distillation / cracking chamber can also be operated in a vacuum or under positive pressure operate. Each distillation / cracking chamber is heated by a separate burner. Each Extruder pair is driven by a separate motor.

According to the invention, it is provided that both distillation and cracking are carried out with the exclusion of oxygen, by flowing nitrogen through the chamber or evacuating it.

According to the invention, the distillation / cracking chamber can also be used as a single module in thermolytic and pyrolytic processes are used.

The fractionation column contains, in addition to the prior art, a cooling jacket with which the ge Desired temperature cut can be carried out, in which the target products are obtained can, e.g. B. heating oil fractions, poly-alpha-olefins, spindle oils and other shorter and longer chain Aliphates. Depending on the pretreatment in the distillation / cracking chambers, cyclized coals can also be used Hydrogen can be fractionated. This enables a wide range of products to be achieved.

As required, the fractionation column can be equipped with a variable number of trays (prior art). According to the invention, the soils can also be equipped with catalytically active soil bodies, which can perform various tasks: a) Cyclization of aliphatics to obtain z. B. anti-knock agents b) additional cold cracking of aliphates and breaking of ring closures z. B. for the production of C ₅ fractions, which are used for the new synthesis of z. B. Lubricating oils can be used.

The fractionation column is attached above the distillation / cracking chamber in such a way that one can condense and withdraw a large part of the resulting products in them, for other sufficient reflux is available, which is suitable for further extraction of the distillation material is.  

control

• 1. According to the desired condensation temperature in the condensation chamber Heat input to the distillation / cracking chamber controlled by the burner.
• 2. Control of heat dissipation at the cooling / fractionation column to achieve suitable con condensation temperatures, is achieved by cooling jacket and cooling coils / fins, which additionally can be cooled (by air, water or oil cooling).
• 3. In addition, the waste heat from the fractionation column can be further passed through heat pumps and heat exchangers use.
• 4. The waste heat can, for. B. be used for preheating the goods to the desired Adjust viscosity.
• 5. The gaseous components can then be fed to the burners (control of the gas flow).
• 6. Fineness of the fractionation of the constituents of the good is determined by the number of condensation rooms in the columns.
• 7. An additional flow control takes place through the variation of the rotation speeds of extruder screws, which are also used as mixing screws for the distilled material become.
• 8. The counter-rotating or co-rotating extruder screws are driven according to the invention via an electric motor.

The control of the device according to the invention with regard

• - Throughput of distilled goods
• - Dwell time of the material to be distilled in the distillation / cracking chamber
• - fractionation of the distillates
• - Yield
  done by
• - Regulation of the burner temperature in the combustion chamber
• - The number of withdrawal devices on the column
• - The number of condensation spaces in the column and by
• - Control of cooling by changing the air exchange at the cooling fins of the column and the
• - changeable cooling water supply and options for cooling with oil or other coolants.
• - The extruders transport the respective residues of the distillation material out of the chamber. Non-processable residues are driven out into a special waste container.
  The removal of pollutants according to the invention that originate from the distillation material takes place at
• - gaseous pollutants by returning the gas flow into the burner chamber and then eating
• - Treatment of the exhaust gases in accordance with the statutory provisions and beyond.
  In the residues of the distillate, which cannot be distilled, there are higher proportions of metals, in particular copper (piston abrasion). If the metal content is appropriate, these distillation residues can either be used in domestic waste incineration to support the furnace or, if the proportion of pollutants is appropriate, must be disposed of in special waste incineration plants.
• - Gaseous fractions that escape from the fractionation column, if they are not in a Gas liquefaction system are connected to the burner.
• - The distillation material is mixed by the motor-driven or counter-rotating co-rotating double extruder.
• - The distillation / cracking chamber is cleaned by the counter-rotating or counter-rotating double extruder screw, which scrapes off the residues from the walls.
  This solution according to the invention cleans the distillation / cracking chamber during operation.
• - By means of the counter-rotating or co-rotating twin extruder screw, the distillate is transported. Due to rising temperatures, heavy-boiling components are separated from the rest mass separated. The remaining residual coke, asphalt, tar is continuously fed through the double extruder ejected.
• - The remaining material falls into a special container (ASB container) and can be used to support the furnace be used in the incineration of household waste.
• - Extraction devices are provided on the fractionation column in order to obtain the desired distillate fraction deductions.
• - The distillation temperature is controlled via the burner as a feedback system that works depending on the distillation quality achieved. This is done through a viscometer and appropriate thermal sensor reached.
• - The device according to the invention is also capable of bituminous substances, asphalts, tars and Process tar sludge with high free or bound water, as it is in the sense a reflux extractor works.

Safety control

In the device according to the invention, combustible substances are processed and burning occurs bare substances whose mixture with air z. T. can also be explosive. Therefore, the following are on guided basic safety technical components with regard to control and regulation, which on the State of the art is listed.

• 1. a.) The prepared asphalt comes from a heated storage container or directly from the up working process in the distillation / cracking chamber. The inflow to this chamber is shown in Ab dependent on the rate of asphalt degradation in the distillation / cracking chamber.
• 2. b.) The filling level in the distillation / cracking chamber is regulated by a limit switch. Additional measurement parameters must be taken into account, which the desired temperature of the Record asphalt to z. B. expelling low boilers and water. In addition, temperature sensor the temperature at which the asphalt is delivered to the next distillation chamber  measured. The control can be manual, semi-automatic or fully automatic happen.
• 3. c.) The rotational speed of the counter-rotating or co-rotating twin extruder in the Distillation / cracking chamber can be adjusted via a motor so that an optimized through degree of mixing and mass flow is reached. Tempera necessary for the distillation ture not reached or exceeded, both the speed of rotation of the extruder auger, the inflow of asphaltene and also the burner control adapted as required become.
• 4. d.) The resulting distillation, cracking and other degradation products end up in the designated products Tanks, from which, if required, the product is added to the distillate can be.
• 5. e.) Setting the appropriate cooling temperature via inflow control of the coolant or adaptation the burner temperature.
• 6. f.) To maintain a slight overpressure in the system and to avoid the occurrence of Atmospheric oxygen is continuously flowed through with nitrogen. Will be a critical one Plant pressure, which is measured on the columns, falls below the shutter fold to prevent further ingress of atmospheric oxygen. The product tanks are to avoid explosive gas-air mixtures either ventilated and / or with nitrogen flows through.
• 7. g.) The distillation column is cooled according to the prior art.
• 8. h.) The cracking column is cooled according to the prior art.
• 9. i.) Coke that cannot be further treated is broken by the double extruder and reaches a special waste container via a chute. The hot material degasses. The resulting gases are extracted by a suitable device, which is attached above the ASB container, and burned harmlessly.
  The necessary change of the ASB container is indicated by weight recording. During the container change, a flap on the extruder chamber closes for a short time until a new container is inserted.
• 10. k.) The monitoring of the final product storage tank and the filling status is carried out according to the state of the art.
  All safety precautions required are incorporated according to the state of the art.

template

Embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings and are described in more detail below described.

Show it:

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the device components and device structure.

Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of the distillation / cracking chamber with double extruder in a side view.

Fig. 3 is a top view of the principle of the distillation / cracking chamber with a double extruder.

Fig. 4 shows a basic diagram of the distillation / cracking chamber with a double extruder on average.

To Fig. 1

The material to be distilled is transported through the counter-rotating or co-rotating extruder 2 until it is fed through the shaft 1 to the process. The material to be distilled enters the distillation / cracking chamber 3 and is mixed and transported by a double extruder 2 . The heat required for the process is generated by the burner 4 . The counter-rotating or co-rotating extruders are driven by the motor 5 .

The counter-rotating or co-rotating twin extruder 2 and the modular extension of this principle are stored in liquid-tight bearings so that they can clean the walls of the chamber 3 from residues. Knife-like serrations are advantageous, which are able to shred even harder material and can cut through tough-pasty material.

Both the chamber material 3 and that of the counter-rotating or co-rotating extruder 2 and possible further modules of the same type consist of high-temperature steels. Get residues with a locking slide 6 such. B. tar and coke in a special container 10 , which is provided with a gas hood 9 so that the vapors of the hot residues can be removed harmlessly.

Above chamber 3 and possible further chambers, 7 columns are attached above the column flange for condensation of the resulting product according to the prior art.

The extruder according to FIG. 2 can be designed so that even coarse oil-containing substances can be handled by the method. In these cases, the counter-rotating or co-rotating extruders are made of wear-resistant material (sacrificial extruder).

To Fig. 2

The distillation / cracking chamber according to FIG. 3 in FIG. 1 is built horizontally or as inclined planes with the advantage according to the invention that the liquid or pasty distillation material can flow back again and again. The angle of inclination of the inclined plane can be adjusted according to the requirements for the distilled material.

The direction of rotation of the counter-rotating or co-rotating extruder 2 counteracts this natural backflow tendency of the material to be distilled. A certain distance between the wall of the distillation chamber 3 and the extruder 2 enables a proportionate backflow of the material to be distilled to the extent that its viscosity permits. Ultimately, the residual material that can no longer be distilled or cracked reaches the slide 6 and via this into the special container 10 .

The side view shows the filler neck 1 and the column flange 7 . The axes of the extruders 2 are mounted in bearings 8 either on one side or on both sides. Fig. 2 shows a one-sided storage with the bearing 8 . Fig. 2 shows schematically that the burner chamber 4 is divided by plates in order to ensure the most effective heat distribution possible.

To Fig. 3

Fig. 3 shows a top view of the arrangement of the counter-rotating or co-rotating twin extruder 2 , as well as the burner chamber 4 with its heat conducting plates. The one-sided bearing 8 of the axes can be seen.

To Fig. 4

The section shows how the counter-rotating or co-rotating twin extruders overlap and how they are located in the distillation / cracking chamber 3 . It can be seen that there is a free space 3 below the column flange 7 , which aligns the flow of the distillate to the column 7 . Other design features such as degassing, recycle and kneading zones can be attached to the extruders.

Reference list Description of Fig. 1

1

Shaft

2nd

Double extruder

3rd

Cracking chamber

4th

burner

5

engine

6

slide

7

Column flange

9

Gas hood

10th

Special waste container

Description of Fig. 2

1

Shaft

2nd

Double extruder

3rd

Cracking chamber

4th

burner

6

slide

7

Column flange

8th

Axle bearing

Description of Fig. 3

2nd

Double extruder

4th

burner

8th

Axle bearing

Description of Fig. 4

2nd

Double extruder

3rd

Gas space

4th

burner

7

Column flange

Claims (14)

1. Slurry device for distilling / cracking bituminous substances, asphaltenes, tars and tar, characterized in that the required distillation / cracking chamber 3 is constructed horizontally or as an inclined plane. 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that in the distillation / cracking chamber 3 counter-rotating or co-rotating twin extruders 2 are mounted so that the material to be distilled is continuously mixed and conveyed by its rotation. 3. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the changing with the distillation / cracking viscosity bituminous substances, asphaltenes, tars and tar slurries is used to achieve an optimal residence time of the distillation good in the distillation / cracking chamber 3 , so that heating oil, diesel and other distillation products can be obtained, which can be used for thermal recycling or for new synthesis. 4. Device according to the preceding claims, characterized in that a fractionation column 7 is attached to the distillation / cracking chamber 3 . 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the temperature ranges necessary for the distillation / cracking process are set in the distillation / cracking chamber 3 and can be expanded as desired in a modular manner. 6. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the double extruder 2 a cleaning function in the distillation / cracking chamber 3 executes. 7. Device according to the preceding claims, in particular according to claim 6, characterized characterized in that with it bituminous substances, asphalts, tars and tar mud can be treated. 8. Device according to the preceding claims, characterized in that distillates and Cracked products can be obtained from the materials of claim 7 which are re-used evaluation as a resource. 9. Device according to the preceding claims, characterized in that distillates and Crack products for synthetic starting materials can be obtained. 10. Device according to the preceding claims, characterized in that a continuous operation is possible. 11. The device according to the preceding claims, characterized in that it is mobile Form can be manufactured and used. For this purpose it can be dimensioned as container-compatible or mobile are manufactured. 12. The device according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the elements consisting of z. B. chamber 3 , extruder 2 , burner 4 , motor 5 , slide 6 and column flange 7 can be expanded as required. 13. The apparatus according to claim 12, characterized in that the elements consisting of z. B. chamber 3 , extruder 2 , burner 4 , motor 5 , slide 6 and column flange 7 can also be used for other processes applications. 14. The apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in that it is suitable products according to Prepare claim 7 for further processing.