DE19753202A1 - Recycling plant for scrap packaging - Google Patents

Abstract

Plant for sorting scrap packaging into recyclable components commences with a sieve(3) having holes 160-300 mm, preferably 180-250 mm, across for separating the initial mixture into coarse and fine groups. 100 mm long pipe connectors are connected to the outside of the holes. A manual separation of the resulting coarser material into useful recyclable and non-recyclable materials occurs at a visual inspection platform or belt(23). A magnet(4) extracts ferrous and material combinations containing ferrous metals from the fine material emerging from the sieve(3). Remaining fine material passes through a second sieve(6) with holes 50-160 mm, preferably 80-140 mm across to effect a further separation into fine and coarser materials. The second sieve(6) has similar pipe connectors to the first sieve(3). Non-ferrous metals are separated from the resulting fine material by a non-ferrous metal separator(17) and the remaining fine material is divided by a further separator(20) into lighter materials comprising mixed plastics, especially films and heavier materials. One or more automatic sorting units(21) sort this heavier material into individual components, e.g. polypropylene(PP), polystyrene(PS), polyethylene terephthalate(PETP), polyvinyl chloride(PVC), card from drinks containers and biologically decomposable material. Coarser materials from the sieve(6) pass to a separator(7) from which the heavier material group is supplied to an automatic sorting unit(9) for separation into non-recyclable and recyclable materials. Recyclable material is subsequently split into individual material types by one or more automatic sorting units(10). Lighter material from the separator(7) is manually or automatically sorted into paper and cardboard at an inspection platform or belt(14).

Description

The present method and the present device relate to the sorting of Packaging waste, using a combination of separation methods and automa sorting of sorted plastics in further improved quantity and quality be won.

In September 1990 the Dual System Germany - Society for Waste Avoidance dung and secondary raw material production mbH, in short the dual system.

This system organizes and returns most of the packaging guaranteed.

Indicator for packaging for which the raw material industry takes back the same guaranteed is the green dot. An important addition is the yellow bin or the yellow one Bag. Households can use these directly to tinplate and aluminum cans, plastic Collect packaging and beverage cartons.

The process technologies currently used for the processing of mixed plastics fall, such as in large quantities in the yellow sack and the yellow bin incurred are tearing open the bags, sieving, air classifying, magnetic separation, manual Sorting, non-ferrous metal separation, including the separation of non-ferrous metal Composite materials included, separation of beverage cartons and plastics and Compressing the products obtained into commercially available bales. In the existing ones Plants that work according to these techniques will be separated and sorted into types pure plastics not reached.

A process for the preparation of mixed plastics that has become known recently the so-called cactus process (municipal plastics processing tech technology for environmentally friendly secondary raw material recycling).  

After the tinplate packaging has been removed, the rest of the material flow is put into a pulper headed. There the composite materials or drinks present in the mixture separate cardboard boxes in paper fibers, plastics and plastic / aluminum composites. After follow the remaining largely paper-free mixture is shredded in the washing step. A Sorting centrifuge separates the shredder material into aluminum, heavy plastics like Polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl chloride, polyamides and the like. a., in aluminum / plastic composites and in the lighter polyolefins polyethylene, polystyrene foam and polypropylene. (Describe exercise by Duales System Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurter Strasse 720-726, 51145 Cologne; RWTH Aachen, Reprocessing Institute, Wüllner Straße 2, 52056 Aachen; AWA, waste manager Kreis und Stadt Aachen GmbH, Gartenstrasse 38, 52249 Eschweiler).

Although this process is said to be promising according to recent publications the fact that for a mixture permanently fluctuating in composition High density and low density polyethylene, made of polypropylene, foams and others Materials no remuneration is paid unless the mixtures are thermal Recycling are a major disadvantage. Expensive with this procedure Ren is also drying and water disposal as well as the transport of loose art good mix.

Despite the well-known technical developments, the important one still exists Task, a dry sorting of packaging waste, especially from the dual System in which pure plastics with further improved quality and quantity are obtained, which can be processed into valuable products and on the free Market can be sold on good terms, with manual sorting a should have as little importance as possible. So is the sales proceeds for single-variety Individual plastic fractions, which are obtained by dry sorting, about 4 times higher than for the above mixture. Furthermore, pure plastics are only too Bales are pressed and do not need to be washed and shredded.

The applicant has succeeded in solving the above-mentioned problem by means of an improved process for processing packaging waste by separating the waste into fractions by means of sieves, by using magnets for removing iron or iron-containing compounds, by using separators for separation in light and heavy fractions and by using non-ferrous metal separators for separating non-ferrous metals or materials containing them, characterized in that the packaging waste is placed on a sieve ( 3 ) with a sieve opening of 160-300 mm, preferably 180-250 mm, whereby the screen has pipe sockets attached to the outside of the perforations and having a length of at least 100 mm, that the coarse fraction (screen overflow) reaches a reading platform ( 23 ) and is manually separated into valuable substances and contaminants there, so that the fine fraction from screen ( 3 ) (Sieve underflow) after separating iron or iron ltenden materials by a magnet ( 4 ) in a sieve ( 6 ), which also has sieve ( 3 ) pipe socket and the sieve hole size 50-160 mm, preferably 80-140 mm, that the fine fraction from sieve ( 6 ) one Non-ferrous metal separator ( 17 ) is supplied, that the non-ferrous metals and materials containing them are separated in the non-ferrous metal separator ( 17 ), that the remaining material passes into a separator ( 20 ), in which a light fraction from packaging waste consisting mainly of films and a heavy fraction are separated is that the heavy fraction from the separator ( 20 ) in one or more automatic sorting devices ( 21 ) that separates the material mixture into single components or separate, such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl chloride, beverage cartons and biodegradable Materials and residual waste that the coarse fraction from sieve ( 6 ) by means of a Tre nners ( 7 ), is broken down into a light and a heavy fraction and manually removed from the light fraction on the reading stage ( 14 ) or automatically paper, cardboard and cardboard and the remaining rest is fed to the mixed plastic fraction so that the heavy material of the separator ( 7 ) an automatic sorting device ( 9 ) is fed in which there is a separation into valuable and non-valuable materials, that the valuable materials from ( 9 ) are fed to a further automatic sorting device ( 10 ) in which a separation of the valuable materials into unmixed materials such as beverage cartons , Polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyethylene terephalate, etc. and in non-plastics.

To carry out the method according to the invention, the applicant has developed an improved device for sorting packaging waste, which has screens for separating the waste into fractions, magnets for removing iron or iron contain the compounds and separators for separation into light and heavy fractions, and non-ferrous metal separators Separation of non-ferrous metals or materials containing such, characterized in that a sieve ( 3 ) with a sieve hole width of 160-300 mm, preferably 180-250 mm for separating the packaging waste into a coarse and a fine fraction is present that the Sieve ( 3 ) on the outside of the perforations attached pipe socket with a length of at least 100 mm, that for the further processing of the coarse fraction from sieve ( 3 ) there is a reading platform ( 23 ) on which a separation into recyclables and contaminants occurs manually that a magnet. ( 4 ) for the separation of iron and iron-containing compounds from the fine fraction from sieve ( 3 ) is present for separating the fine fraction from sieve ( 3 ) after separation of iron and iron compounds, a sieve ( 6 ) for separation into a fine fraction and a coarse fraction is present, which also has sieve ( 3 ) pipe sockets and a sieve hole width of 50-160 mm, preferably 80-140 mm, that for separating non-ferrous metals and materials containing them from the fine fraction of sieve ( 6 ) one or more non-ferrous metal separators ( 17 ) are present that for further separation of the material flow after separation of non-ferrous metals and materials containing them, a separator ( 20 ) is present in which a separation into a light fraction consisting of mixed plastic, predominantly foils , and there is a heavy fraction that separates the heavy fraction into unmixed components such as polyethylene, polypropylene, Polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl chloride, beverage cartons and biodegradable materials one or more automatic sorting devices ( 21 ) are available, that a separator ( 7 ) is available for separating the coarse fraction from the sieve ( 6 ), whereby for manual or automatic sorting of paper , Cardboard and cardboard from the light fraction from separator ( 7 ) there is a reading platform ( 14 ), whereby a mixed plastic fraction remains that an automatic sorting device ( 9 ) is available for separating the heavy goods from separator ( 7 ), in which a separation into Recyclables and non-recyclables take place and that an automatic sorting device ( 10 ) is available for separating the recyclables from ( 9 ) into unmixed materials such as beverage cartons, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalate.

A detailed description of the method and device is to be made with the aid of the figure. In the case of mixed plastic waste collected in yellow bags, the bags are first torn open in a bag ripper ( 1 ). The material can be poured out from the yellow bin.

The material passes into a first sieve ( 3 ), which is preferably a drum sieve and has pipe supports which are attached to the outside of the perforations and are at least 100 mm long. The pipe sockets have the surprising effect that no wrapping by wires, tights, video tapes etc. takes place on the sieve holes, which means that in normal operation the entire open hole area is completely closed within 8 hours (one shift) by these wrapping and no more sieving he follows.

The sieve hole width for sieve ( 3 ) is 160-300 mm, preferably 180-250 mm. Depending on the sieve size, it can be divided into several grain sizes. The coarse fraction, the screen overflow, is conveyed to a reading platform ( 23 ) by means of conveyor belts, where valuable substances and / or contaminants are manually separated and stored in separate discharge chutes. The remaining material on the conveyor belt can be conveyed to the rest of the garbage press ( 13 ) or to the baling press ( 15 ), depending on the sorting setting.

The fine fraction from the sieve ( 3 ), the sieve underflow, also reaches the magnet ( 4 ) by means of conveyor belts, which is preferably located as an overband magnet in the axial direction of the feeding conveyor belt. The separating edge between magnetic and non-magnetic components is preferably designed as a rotating drum to avoid clogging.

The iron material is placed in containers, a can press or, particularly suitable, in containers with roll packers ( 5 ) for compacting loose can material.

After the iron materials have been separated off, the material stream is sieved again in sieve ( 6 ) to at least 2 grain sizes.

Sieve ( 6 ) is also preferably a drum sieve with pipe sockets such as sieve ( 3 ). The sieve hole width is 50-160 mm, preferably 80-140 mm. The fine fraction, the sieve passage, is either fed directly to a non-ferrous metal separator ( 17 ) or previously freed of magnetic substances by means of a further magnet ( 15 ). The advantage of this second magnet separation is that the piece size is smaller and the volume to be processed is significantly smaller than that of the first magnet ( 4 ). The magnetic materials not drawn off by magnet ( 4 ) can be separated with magnet ( 16 ), which is also preferably designed as an overband magnet. Non-ferrous metal separators ( 17 ) separate the non-ferrous metals and composites containing them from the remaining material flow. The batch of the separated materials arrives at an automatic sorting device ( 18 ) which separates the beverage composites from this material flow by means of near infrared or other optical detection methods. The beverage cartons and the non-ferrous metal fraction are recorded separately. After passing through the non-ferrous metal separator ( 17 ), the material flow preferably passes into another sieve ( 19 ) and is separated into at least 2 fractions. The sieve hole width is 20 to 100 mm, preferably 30-70 mm.

The fine fraction, the sieve passage or sorting residue arrives at the residual waste press ( 13 ), but broken glass, packaging chips, small plastic containers and the like can be automatically sorted out. The sorted plastics go to the mixed plastics fraction; the sorted glass can be marketed.

This reduces the cost of disposing of the remaining sorting residue are weight dependent.

The coarse fraction from sieve ( 19 ), the overflow, is divided into a light and a heavy fraction by means of a separator ( 20 ), preferably an air classifier. The light fraction, which largely consists of foils, can be fed directly as a mixed plastic fraction to a baling press for further use. With the help of an automatic sorting device, however, it can be separated into foils, rest and / or paper.

The heavy fraction of the separator ( 20 ) reaches one or more automatic sorting devices ( 21 ) which, with the aid of near infrared detection and / or transmitted light and / or color detection and / or optical detection of the geometric dimensions, separate the incoming material mixture into individual components, such as beverage carton, polyethylene , Polypropylene, polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalate and others. The individual unmixed components can then be sent for further processing, usually being first pressed into bales.

The method according to the invention and the device according to the invention hereby lead to a first separation stage in which pure components are obtained.

The remaining remainder either goes to the residual waste fraction or plastics remaining in another automatic separating device ( 22 ) are preferably sorted out, the plastics being obtained as mixed plastics.

The coarse fraction from sieve ( 6 ), the sieve overflow, is separated into a light and a heavy fraction by means of a separator ( 20 ), which is preferably an air classifier.

The light fraction arrives on a manual reading platform ( 14 ), where paper, cardboard and cardboard are removed manually or automatically from the material.

The remainder on the reading tape (stage) ( 14 ) goes to the mixed plastics fraction. The sorted paper material can be recycled.

The heavy material of the separator ( 7 ), the overflow, can be fed to a further reading platform via a sorting belt ( 8 ) in order to sort out any existing composite materials and / or small electrical appliances. The remaining material flow arrives at an automatic sorting device ( 9 ), in which near infrared (material detection) and / or color detection and / or detection of geometric properties of the parts under consideration separates into valuable substances and contaminants, the valuable substances being generated, for example, by compressed air pulses from the batch be separated. The valuable materials such as beverage cartons, bottles, polyethylene, cups, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate and others are then fed to a further automatic sorting device ( 10 ) and separated into pure components using near infrared and / or transmitted light and / or color detection and / or detection of geometrical dimensions . These materials are recycled.

The method according to the invention and the device according to the invention hereby lead to a second separation stage in which pure components are obtained.

According to the present invention can therefore be a significant improvement over the State of the art approx. 80 to 98% of plastics, without foils, in the mixture used can be obtained by type.

The remaining material from ( 10 ) together with the residues obtained from ( 9 ) reaches non-ferrous metal separators ( 11 ). There, non-ferrous metals and the materials they contain are extracted from the material flow. A preferred arrangement of ( 11 ), however, is the installation directly in the heavy material flow behind the separator ( 7 ).

The stream of material freed from metals and metals can be passed again through a plastic separator ( 12 ) in order to separate other plastics as mixed plastics. The rest goes to the residual waste.

Claims (32)

1. Improved process for sorting packaging waste by separating the waste into fractions by means of sieves, using magnets to remove iron or iron-containing compounds, using separators to separate light and heavy fractions and using non-ferrous metal separators to separate Non-ferrous metals or materials containing them, characterized in that the packaging waste is placed on a sieve ( 3 ) with a sieve hole width of 160-300 mm, preferably of 180-250 mm, the sieve being attached to the outside of the perforations of a length of at least 100 mm, that the coarse fraction (sieve overflow) reaches a reading platform ( 23 ) and is there manually separated into valuable materials and contaminants, that the fine fraction from sieve ( 3 ) (sieve underflow) after separation of iron or iron-containing Materials get into a sieve ( 6 ) through a magnet ( 4 ), which also like screen (3) has pipe connections and mm mesh sieve size 50-160, preferably 80-140 mm, in that the fine fraction of sieve (6) is supplied to a non-ferrous metal separator (17), that in the non-ferrous metal separator (17) the non-ferrous metal and materials containing these are separated off, so that the remaining material passes into a separator ( 20 ), in which a light fraction of mixed plastic consisting mainly of foils and a heavy fraction is separated, that the heavy fraction from the separator ( 20 ) is separated into one or arrives several automatic sorting devices ( 21 ), which separates or separate the material mixture into unmixed components, such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl chloride, beverage cartons and biodegradable materials and residual waste that the coarse fraction from sieve ( 6 ) by means of a Trenners ( 7 ), is broken down into a light and a heavy fraction and from de r Light fraction is removed manually on the reading platform ( 14 ) or automatically paper, cardboard and cardboard boxes and the rest of the mixed plastic fraction is fed so that the heavy material of the separator ( 7 ) is fed to an automatic sorting device ( 9 ), in which a separation into valuable materials and Non-recyclables take place that the recyclables from ( 9 ) are fed to a further automatic sorting device ( 10 ), in which the recyclables are separated into pure materials such as beverage cartons, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalate and others and in non-plastics. 2. Improved method according to claim 1, characterized in that the magnets ( 4 ) and ( 16 ) work on the principle of overband magnets. 3. Improved method according to at least one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the screens ( 3 ) and ( 6 ) work according to the principle of drum screens. 4. Improved method according to at least one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the sorting devices ( 9 ), ( 10 ), ( 18 ) and ( 21 ) with near infrared and / or color detection and / or transmitted light and / or optical detection geometric shapes. 5. Improved method according to at least one of claims 1-4, characterized in that the residual waste from the sorting devices ( 9 ) and ( 10 ) is fed to a non-ferrous metal separator ( 11 ) or that before ( 9 ) and ( 10 ) one or several non-ferrous metal separators are installed. 6. Improved method according to at least one of claims 1-5, characterized in that non-ferrous metal separators ( 11 ) directly behind separators ( 7 ) bring about the separation of non-ferrous metals and materials containing them. 7. Improved method according to at least one of claims 1-6, characterized in that the material stream freed from non-ferrous metals from ( 11 ) passes into a plastic separator ( 12 ). 8. Improved method according to at least one of claims 1-7, characterized in that the separator ( 7 ) works as an air classifier. 9. Improved method according to at least one of claims 1-8, characterized in that from the mixture of non-ferrous metals and non-ferrous metal composites from ( 17 ) the beverage composites are separated by means of an automatic sorting device ( 18 ). 10. Improved method according to at least one of claims 1-9, characterized in that between the non-ferrous metal separator ( 17 ) and separator ( 20 ) by means of a sieve ( 19 ) with a sieve opening of 20-100 mm, preferably 30-70 mm, another Separation occurs. 11. Improved method according to at least one of claims 1-10, characterized in that between sieve ( 6 ) and non-ferrous metal separator ( 17 ) by magnet ( 16 ) iron and iron-containing compounds are separated. 12. Improved method according to at least one of claims 1-11, characterized in that the fine fraction from ( 19 ) (sieve passage) is fed to the residual waste, from which glass is possibly still sorted and the coarse fraction in separator ( 20 ) reached. 13. Improved method according to at least one of claims 1-12, characterized in that the mixed plastic fraction from ( 20 ) is still separated into foils, the rest and / or paper. 14. Improved method according to at least one of claims 1-13, characterized in that from the rest in ( 21 ) remaining in separating device ( 22 ) further plastics are separated. 15. Improved method according to at least one of claims 1-14, characterized in that feed material in the sieve ( 3 ) is separated into several grain size ranges. 16. Improved method according to at least one of claims 1-15, characterized in that the magnet ( 4 ) by means of a separating edge between magnetic and non-magnetic components which is designed as a rotating drum, the separation takes place. 17. Improved device for sorting packaging waste, which has screens for separating the waste into fractions, magnets for removing iron or iron-containing compounds and separators for separating into light and heavy fractions, and non-ferrous metal separators for separating non-ferrous metals or materials containing them has, characterized in that a sieve ( 3 ) with a sieve hole width of 160-300 mm, preferably 180-250 mm for separating the packaging waste into a coarse and a fine fraction before that the sieve ( 3 ) on the outside Punched pipe stub of a length of at least 100 mm has that for the further processing of the coarse fraction from sieve ( 3 ) there is a reading platform ( 23 ) on which a separation into recyclables and contaminants occurs that a magnet ( 4 ) for Separation of iron and iron-containing compounds from the fine fraction from sieve ( 3 ) present It is that for the separation of the fine fraction from sieve ( 3 ) after separation of iron and iron compounds, a sieve ( 6 ) for separation into a fine fraction and a coarse fraction is present, which also has a pipe socket like sieve ( 3 ) and a sieve hole size of 50-160 mm, preferably of 80-140 mm, that for separating non-ferrous metals and materials containing them from the fine fraction of sieve ( 6 ) a non-ferrous metal separator ( 17 ) is present, that for further separation of the material flow after separation of Non-ferrous metals and materials containing them, a separator ( 20 ) is present, in which a separation into a light fraction, which consists of mixed plastic, predominantly foils, and a heavy fraction takes place, that for separating the heavy fraction into unmixed components such as polyethylene, polypropylene , Polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl chloride, beverage cartons and biodegradable materials one or more There are automatic sorting devices ( 21 ) that a separator ( 7 ) is provided for separating the coarse fraction from sieve ( 6 ), a reading platform for manual or automatic sorting of paper, cardboard and cardboard from the light fraction from separator ( 7 ) ( 14 ) is present, with a mixed plastic fraction remaining that an automatic sorting device ( 9 ) is available for separating the heavy material from separator ( 7 ), in which a separation into recyclable and non-recyclable materials takes place and that for separating the recyclable materials from ( 9 ) one or more automatic sorting devices ( 10 ) are present in pure materials such as beverage cartons, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalate and others. 18. Improved device according to claim 17, characterized in that the sorting devices ( 9 ), ( 10 ), ( 18 ) and ( 21 ) are equipped with near infrared and / or color detection and / or transmitted light and / or optical detection of geometric shapes. 19. Improved device according to at least one of claims 17 and 18, characterized in that the magnets ( 4 ) and ( 16 ) are overband magnets. 20. Improved device according to at least one of claims 17-19, characterized in that the screens ( 3 ) and ( 6 ) are drum screens. 21. Improved device according to at least one of claims 17-21, characterized in that a non-ferrous metal separator ( 11 ) is present for separating non-ferrous metals and materials containing them from the residual waste of the sorting devices ( 9 ) and ( 10 ). 22. Improved device according to at least one of claims 17-21, characterized in that non-ferrous metal separator ( 11 ) is installed directly behind the separator ( 7 ). 23. Improved device according to at least one of claims 17-22, characterized in that a plastic separator ( 12 ) is present for separating plastics from the residual waste from ( 9 ) and ( 10 ) containing metals containing non-ferrous materials. 24. Improved device according to at least one of claims 17-23, characterized in that the separator ( 7 ) is an air classifier. 25. Improved device according to at least one of claims 17-24, characterized in that an automatic sorting device ( 18 ) is present in order to separate beverage composites from the mixture of non-ferrous metals and materials containing them ( 17 ). 26. Improved device according to at least one of claims 17-25, characterized in that between the non-ferrous metal separator ( 17 ) and separator ( 20 ) a sieve ( 19 ) with a sieve hole size of 20-100 mm, preferably 30-70 mm is arranged . 27. Improved device according to at least one of claims 17-26, characterized in that a magnet ( 16 ) is installed between the sieve ( 6 ) and non-ferrous metal separator ( 17 ). 28. Improved device according to at least one of claims 17-27, characterized in that separator ( 20 ) is installed for further separation of the coarse fraction from ( 19 ). 29. Improved device according to at least one of claims 17-28, characterized in that the rest of the separating device ( 22 ) is present for separating plastics from the after ( 21 ). 30. Improved device according to at least one of claims 17-29, characterized in that the sieve ( 3 ) is suitable for separating the feed material into several grain size ranges. 31. Improved device according to at least one of claims 17-30, characterized in that for the manual separation of composites and small electrical appliances from the heavy material from the separator ( 7 ) a reading platform ( 8 ) is present. 32. Improved device according to at least one of claims 17-31, characterized in that in the magnet ( 4 ) the separating edge between magnetic and non-magnetic components is designed as a rotating drum.