DE19733311A1 - Building - Google Patents

Abstract

The building is composed of a number of prefabricated container modules (2) with a maximum width of 2.5 m. The infrastructure of the utility supplies is integrated into the container, such as for electrical power, water supplies, sewage outflows, and the like. At least two containers (2) are assembled next to each other, and the side walls are fitted with openings for windows and doors.

Description

The invention relates to a building for living and / or Working purposes consisting of at least one, preferably several prefabricated modules with a base plate, a roof plate and at least two the bottom plate with the roof plate connecting, arranged substantially perpendicular Sidewalls and from at least one conventionally Prefabricated components such as walls, floor and ceiling elements or created from cuboid components Part of the building.

Prefabricated modules for living and / or are from the prior art Known work purposes. This is So-called containers, which are arranged individually or in groups net to form a building. The previously known Containers have a size that a trans port of the container difficult. Usually exceeds the width of these containers by far the one usual road transport allowed width so that for the transport of such containers on the road Special transporters must be used. For the trans port of such containers on the road are then ent to apply for special permits, the Transport usually only at certain times may be led. There are further transport problems in such containers during transport on ships and on airplanes. Because of the usual container dimensions deviating dimensions are the previously known containers only to be transported as so-called deck cargo. Of the Transport of deck cargo is compared to one Transport of standard containers with standard dimensions much more expensive.  

Especially in underdeveloped or underdeveloped countries, for example in african or south america continent, there is a great need for easy to transporting, to be built and thus inexpensive buildings, in particular as hospitals, Schools and / or dormitories are to be used. Due to the lack of training in these Available and due labor force the lack of infrastructure for building it is not necessary in these countries, the usual Her to choose from buildings. Because there is on the one hand, a transport problem, which is also the case towards a logistics problem in the deployment which expands building materials. Often, such Buildings, such as hospitals, set up in areas builds that are far from the nearest urban settlement and thus of infrastructure facilities such as water plants, sewage treatment plants and / or power plants are removed. Furthermore, there is only one strong in these countries Restricted funding opportunities for such construction projects.

The use of the known known at the beginning Container thus provides for such, so-called developments countries are already a problem during transport, because considerable costs already arise from the transport, that prevent the implementation of such a project. Another problem is that in these countries The available workforce is insufficiently trained det and are not qualified, for example, hospital to install facilities. So there is a strong one Dependence of these countries on industrialized countries with appropriately trained workers know how for the installation of, for example, hospital equipment provide services. In addition to installing the sick home furnishings is also regular maintenance of these facilities necessary to be faultless  To enable work. This maintenance must also be done by a specialist people are carried out. This creates the need Maneuverability that appropriate specialists on site who will carry out the necessary maintenance. This makes the operator of such a patient house is also burdened with high costs.

The invention is based on this prior art based on the task, a simple and quick to create a building to be built anywhere whose individual parts can be transported in a simple manner.

The solution to this problem provides that the finished modules as containers with a maximum Width of 2.5 m are formed and that the entire technical infrastructure, such as electrical Energy supply and / or water supply and / or disposal is integrated in the container.

A building designed according to this teaching has the Advantage that the prefabricated modules in a simple manner usual transport vehicles can be transported. The finished modules have one for the usual transport allowed width on, so that conventional semitrailers are suitable for supporting containers for transport. In addition, these prefabricated modules are relatively cheap Costs can be transported on seagoing ships. It is with these Ready-made modules are not necessary, these as deck cargo transport and pay. The whole technical Infrastructure, d. H. for example the electrical Energy supply, water supply, water ent care or a complete medical treatment station is arranged in the container, on which Container then one created in the usual way Part of the building is applicable, which is technically infrastructure is supplied from the prefabricated module, d. that is, for example, the electrical energy for the  attached part of the building, for example a waiting room, a lounge, a bedroom or the like from the Finished module is removed. The finished module is therefore prepared on the outside accordingly to the connected to supply its part of the building with electrical energy.

According to a further feature of the invention, that several, at least two finished modules side by side are arranged. With this configuration, the surface the prefabricated modules with the technical infrastructure be enlarged so that the room sizes, for example in an operating room not exclusively on the Area of a finished module with the specified dimensions is limited.

To create a large space is after another Feature provided that the finished modules at least in one Sidewall removable surfaces at predetermined locations elements for forming window openings and / or door openings or openings for connecting neighboring Prefabricated modules and / or neighboring parts of the building point. This configuration thus offers the possibility a large area with appropriate infrastructure to create in which several finished modules side by side are arranged and the adjacent side walls of the Ready modules are at least partially removed. This Procedure is particularly important when creating Hospitals necessary to get a big enough one To create an operating room.

It is featured according to another feature of the invention see that several finished modules arranged one above the other are and form a multi-storey building. The one here necessary stairwells can be found in the connected parts of the building may be provided. Perhaps In contrast, necessary elevator devices are in turn  Part of the prefabricated modules, so that they are prefabricated be delivered to the place of use.

The finished modules and the connected or attached Parts of the building in particular have a common roof. With this configuration, a complete over Coverage of the building achieved, so that even inadequate the manual work of connecting the buildings provide adequate rain protection to the finished modules is offered. Otherwise, one offers the entire building, consisting of prefabricated modules and attached building parts covering roof an aesthetically advantageous Overall impression.

According to a further feature of the invention, that a building part is arranged between two prefabricated modules is. This configuration has the advantage that the between part of the building arranged by the finished modules of two finished modules with technical infrastructure, for example electrical energy and / or water are supplied can. The possibilities within between the finished Modular parts of the building are thereby essential Lich enlarged, d. H. there are several possible uses capabilities for what is arranged between the finished modules Part of the building. For example, this can also be used Subdivision of the intermediate part of the building into allow multiple rooms or sections without having to catchy power lines, starting from a finished must be placed module.

There is also the possibility that two or several finished modules in a row in the longitudinal axis direction are arranged.

According to a further feature of the invention, that the prefabricated modules with a hospital facility are formed. Alternatively, it is provided that the finished  modules sanitary facilities and / or a kitchen have direction.

For the energy supply of the finished module and the closed parts of the building, each finished module rejects one closed energy room. The energy room is preferred as accessible from outside the module, so that for example, maintenance in the energy room ordered energy devices, for example generators, Water treatment plants and the like is possible without having to enter the interior of the finished module. This configuration is particularly finished with such modules advantageous that an operating device point, because in such operating rooms certain anti septic conditions must prevail, but then not Can be achieved when workers are in maintenance have to go through the operating room regularly to get the to reach waiting facilities. This advantage applies but also in other areas of medical equipment exercises.

Each finished module preferably has a width of 2.43 m and a height of 2.59 m, the length of each finished module is 9.12 m or 6.08 m. This is it to the standard dimensions of conventional containers as they are both on be transported by road as well as by sea can. Through these standard dimensions, the transportation costs significantly reduced and in some countries transportation such containers with appropriate facilities only enables.

The finished modules are on a level foundation or Floor section attachable. For this it is necessary that the Prefabricated modules themselves have sufficient stability and are as rigid as possible. Under that advance A building described above can then settle quickly and easily on a largely flat  Level. On the other hand, there is also Possibility that a fun is created. As a rule, these are above described work in connection with the foundations and the parts of the building to be attached from on-site which workers are executable since it does not count on this difficult technical installation work arrives. The necessary installations will continue to be provided by the Ready modules provided.

After all, it is after another characteristic of Invention provided that the finished modules on their upper side mounts for load suspension devices, for example of a crane hook. These recordings allow one easy handling of the finished modules on site with a usually available mobile crane. It is also possible to record the shots when loading the finished modules use because there is not a special load at every transshipment point receptacles for containers are available.

Further features and advantages of the invention result from the following description of the related Drawing in which preferred embodiments of the inventions appropriate building are shown.

The drawing shows:

Figure 1 shows a building consisting of prefabricated modules and building parts in a perspective view.

FIG. 2 shows a building consisting of prefabricated modules and parts of buildings in a sectional side view;

Figure 3 shows a building consisting of prefabricated modules and building parts in longitudinal section.

. Figure 4 shows a finished module in top view;

FIG. 5 shows the finished module according to Fig 4 in a sectional side view; FIG.

Fig. 6 shows another embodiment of a finished module in plan view;

FIG. 7 shows another embodiment of a prefabricated module in top view;

Fig. 8 is a plan view of a maintenance station with a finished module and the next parts of the building;

Fig. 9 shows a further embodiment of a nursing station;

Fig. 10 is a plan view of an operation and intensive care ward;

FIG. 11 is a floor plan of an X-ray station;

Fig. 12 is a floor plan of a housekeeping department;

Fig. 13 is a plan of a emergency ward and

Fig. 14 is a floor plan of a residential building with four residential units.

In Fig. 1, a building 1 is shown, which consists of prefabricated modules 2 and other building parts 3 . The building 1 is two-storey in its rear part and one-storey in its front part, the two-storey part being covered with a roof 4 and the one-storey part with a roof 5 . The one-story building part with the roof 5 serves as a reception area, whereas the two-story building part of building 1 is used for living and / or work purposes.

Fig. 2 shows a further embodiment of a building, which also consists of prefabricated modules 2 and attached building parts 3 . It can be seen here that the prefabricated modules 2 have sanitary facilities 6 , whereas the building parts 3 do not have such technical infrastructure.

The building 1 shown in FIG. 2 is formed in two parts, a prefabricated module 2 with two building parts 3 arranged on one long side of the prefabricated module 2 and arcades arranged on both sides forming a section which is covered by a roof 4 . The two sections of the building 1 are connected to each other by a further roof 7 , this roof 7 covering a part of the building between the two sections of the building 1 .

Another alternative embodiment of a building 1 is shown in FIG. 3. This building 1 consists of two sections 8 and 9 , each of which has a three-story design and a roof 4 . Between the sections 8 and 9 , a staircase 10 is arranged, via which the individual floors of sections 8 and 9 can be reached. In addition, the building 1 according to FIG. 3 consists of a further section 11 with a roof 5 , which section 11 has two floors and is connected to the section 9 via a building part 3 . The building 1 shown in FIG. 3 consists of prefabricated modules 2 and other building parts 3 , which are attached to the prefabricated modules 2 or are built.

In Figs. 4 and 5 designed as a finished module container 2 in plan view and in side view Darge provides. This prefabricated module 2 has a length of 6.08 m, a width of 2.43 m and a height of 2.59 m. In this respect, the prefabricated module 2 is a customary and known 20ft container. The finished module 2 has a cuboid shape and accordingly has a base plate 12 , a roof plate 13 oriented parallel to the base plate 12 and spaced apart from the base plate 12 , and four side walls 14 , 15 , 16 and 17 . The side walls partially have window openings 18 and a door opening 19 . In the embodiment shown, the finished module 2 has a medical device, namely an X-ray laboratory. It can be seen that a part of the prefabricated module 2 as an energy space 20 for receiving technical equipment, not shown, such as in a generator, a water treatment plant or the like, is separated. This energy space is accessible from the outside through a door 21 .

An alternative embodiment of a prefabricated module 2 is shown in FIG. 6. This prefabricated module 2 also has a width of 2.43 m and a height of 2.59 m, but a length of 9.12 m. It is therefore a known and usual 30ft container. The structure of this finished module 2 according to FIG. 6 corresponds to the structure of the finished module 2 according to FIG. 4 or FIG. 5.

A further embodiment of a prefabricated module 2 , namely in the form of a dental area, is shown in FIG. 7. This is again a 20ft container, but its equipment is geared towards the needs of dental treatment.

In FIGS. 8 to 14, which are described below, the very essence of the present invention provides Darge. The essence of the invention is namely that a building consists of one or more prefabricated modules 2 , which has the entire infrastructure for the building, ie the entire energy supply and water supply and water disposal, and which is manufactured with conven Lich, ie for example in prefabricated construction or in a conventional manner Ways of building parts 3 is combined.

In Fig. 8, for example, a nursing station with two eight-bed rooms, a nursing station and sanitary facilities is shown. Here, the sisters office and the sanitary facilities are arranged in the prefabricated module 2 , on the long sides of which a building part 3 is connected. In part 3 of the building, the beds are intended for inpatient care. It can be clearly seen that all sanitary facilities are arranged in or on the prefabricated module 2 , ie that all sanitary facilities can be supplied or disposed of via a system-based supply and disposal system of the prefabricated module 2 . The building parts 3 connected to the prefabricated module 2 are therefore not dependent on a connection to a supply or disposal system and can therefore be produced in a simple and particularly cost-effective manner on site, for example by prefabricated components, whereas the complex and costly technology of this care station is a component of the finished module 2 . For example, an air conditioning system for the bed rooms in the building parts 3 can be an integral part of the prefabricated module 2 , only the necessary lines for the supply of cooled or heated air to the bed rooms in the building parts 3 having to be installed. However, it is also conceivable that the supply of cooled or heated air takes place directly via the side walls of the prefabricated module 2 in the direction of the building parts 3 .

It can be seen that this building section according to FIG. 8 on the narrow sides of the prefabricated module or of the building parts 3 each has a building part 22 which is designed as an arcade.

An alternative embodiment of a building section, which is designed as a care station, is shown in FIG. 9. A ready module 2 is again provided as the central unit, which has the sanitary facilities for the care station. In this embodiment, building parts 3 are provided both on the two narrow sides and on one long side, which are designed as sick rooms. On the remaining long side of the prefabricated module 2 , a building part 3 is provided, which is designed as a lounge or waiting room.

In Figs. 10 and 11 show embodiments of a building section, in which two prefabricated modules 2 are arranged side by side in each case, where existing between the two in each case two prefabricated modules 2 prefabricated modular units being a part of the building 3 is arranged. The juxtaposed prefabricated modules 2 of a finished module portion are formed such that their longitudinal edges abut one another and in that at the intended in this area side walls of the prefabricated modules 2 least partially removed, for example to provide an operating space 23 with a correspondingly sufficient area. In the same way, a room designed in this way can also be formed as a maternity ward 24 . It is important that the medical devices provided in the finished modules 2 are installed in such a way that they do not protrude beyond the connection point between the neighboring finished modules 2 . This is the only way to ensure that the ready-made prefabricated modules 2 with the medical facilities are completely transportable without essential installation activities in the medical apparatus area being necessary on site, ie at the installation site.

The building part 3 arranged between the prefabricated modules 2 is designed in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 10 as an intensive medical area 25 , the necessary energy supply for the two intensive care beds being provided in a side wall of the prefabricated module 2 . This in turn achieves the advantage that the prefabricated modules 2 provide all infrastructures with regard to the energy supply on site without the need for complex and costly installation work to be carried out in the building part 3 .

In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 10, a building part 22 is also provided as an arcade. Supplementary containers 26 are connected to the narrow sides of the prefabricated modules 2 which are arranged opposite the building part 22 and which have the required technology for the operating room 23 or the maternity ward 24 .

FIG. 11 shows a structure of a building section corresponding to the building section according to FIG. 10, but here two X-ray rooms are provided in the prefabricated modules 2 .

Likewise, a corresponding building division is shown in FIG. 12, which in turn provides two prefabricated modules 2 on the outside and a building part 3 between the prefabricated modules 2 , all technical devices being arranged in or on the prefabricated modules 2 . In the embodiment shown in FIG. 12, 2 cooling rooms, a kitchen, a laundry and sanitary facilities are accommodated in the finished modules. The building part 3 , in contrast, has a room for ironing and a washroom, it can be seen that the sanitary facilities in the room for ironing and in the washroom are assigned to the side walls of the prefabricated modules 2 , so that the supply of these sanitary facilities via the respective prefabricated module 2 can be done. A further alternative embodiment is shown in FIG. 13, the building section shown there being formed as an emergency room of a hospital. The necessary technical facilities are provided in corresponding prefabricated modules 2 , where, in contrast, a building part 3 arranged between the prefabricated modules 2 and a storage room are arranged as a pharmacy.

Finally, 14 an example is shown in Fig. Yet a residentia bäudes shown, share which are arranged in two successively arranged in the longitudinal direction of prefabricated modules 2 and each on both longitudinal sides of the finished modules 2 building 3, wherein, in turn, all the infrastructure installations are integral parts of the prefabricated modules 2. In this case, the building part 3 is divided into a living room and a bedroom, so that apartments result from it. Buildings 1 of this type can be used, for example, as accommodation on large construction sites in areas which are not or poorly developed.

Claims (14)

1. Building for living and / or work purposes, consisting of at least one, preferably several prefabricated modules with a base plate, a roof plate and at least two side walls connecting the base plate with the roof plate, essentially perpendicularly arranged and from at least one conventionally made of prefabricated components, such as Walls, floor and ceiling elements or part of a building made from cuboid components, characterized in that the prefabricated modules ( 2 ) are designed as containers with a maximum width of 2.50 m and that the entire technical infrastructure, such as electrical power supply and / or Water supply and / or disposal is integrated in the container. 2. Building according to claim 1, characterized in that several, at least two prefabricated modules ( 2 ) are arranged side by side. 3. Building according to claim 1, characterized in that the prefabricated modules ( 2 ) at least in a side wall ( 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ) at predetermined locations take out bare surface elements to form window openings ( 18 ) or / or door openings ( 19 ) or Have openings for connecting adjacent prefabricated modules ( 2 ) and / or adjacent building parts ( 3 ). 4. Building according to claim 1, characterized in that a plurality of prefabricated modules ( 2 ) are arranged one above the other and form a multi-storey building ( 1 ). 5. Building according to claim 1, characterized in that the prefabricated modules ( 2 ) and the connected or attached building parts ( 3 ) have a common roof ( 4 , 5 ). 6. Building according to claim 1, characterized in that a building part ( 3 ) is arranged between two prefabricated modules ( 2 ). 7. Building according to claim 1, characterized in that two or more prefabricated modules ( 2 ) are arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction. 8. Building according to claim 1, characterized in that the prefabricated modules ( 2 ) are designed with a hospital facility. 9. Building according to claim 1, characterized in that the finished modules ( 2 ) have sanitary facilities ( 6 ) and / or a kitchen facility. 10. Building according to claim 1, characterized in that each prefabricated module ( 2 ) has a closed energy room ( 20 ). 11. Building according to claim 10, characterized in that the energy space ( 20 ) is accessible from outside the finished module ( 2 ). 12. Building according to claim 1, characterized in that each prefabricated module ( 2 ) has a width of 2.43 m and a height of 2.59 m, the length of each prefabricated module ( 2 ) being 0.12 or 6.08 m . 13. Building according to claim 1, characterized in that the finished modules ( 2 ) can be placed on a flat foundation or floor section. 14. Building according to claim 1, characterized in that the prefabricated modules ( 2 ) have receptacles for load suspension means, for example a crane hook, on their upper side.