DE19733064A1 - Reclaiming chromic-containing systems - Google Patents

Reclaiming chromic-containing systems

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Publication number
DE19733064A1
DE19733064A1 DE1997133064 DE19733064A DE19733064A1 DE 19733064 A1 DE19733064 A1 DE 19733064A1 DE 1997133064 DE1997133064 DE 1997133064 DE 19733064 A DE19733064 A DE 19733064A DE 19733064 A1 DE19733064 A1 DE 19733064A1
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Germany
Prior art keywords
chamber
cell
electrode
electrodes
electrolyte
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
DE1997133064
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German (de)
Inventor
Henry Prof Dr Bergmann
Tatiana Dr Iourtchouk
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to DE1997133064 priority Critical patent/DE19733064A1/en
Publication of DE19733064A1 publication Critical patent/DE19733064A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25DPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D21/00Processes for servicing or operating cells for electrolytic coating
    • C25D21/16Regeneration of process solutions
    • C25D21/18Regeneration of process solutions of electrolytes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C22/00Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C22/86Regeneration of coating baths
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23FNON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F1/00Etching metallic material by chemical means
    • C23F1/46Regeneration of etching compositions
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23GCLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
    • C23G1/00Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
    • C23G1/36Regeneration of waste pickling liquors

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)

Abstract

In a method and a cell to reclaim chromic-containing systems, the electrolyte (3) which is to be treated e.g. a condenser (1) via a middle chamber, is concentrated using two separators (9) and (10). a third chamber cell (2) is pumped. An adjusted cation current (11) for preferable extraction in the electrode (7), and an adjusted anion current (12) for preferable concentration in the outer chamber (6) as well as an adjusted cation current (13) for charge equalisation in the middle chamber (4) are produced in the electric field between the electrode (7) in the outer chamber (5) and the electrode (8) in the outer chamber (6).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Zelle zur Regenerierung von chromhaltigen Syste­ men, wie sie in der Oberflächenbehandlungstechnik verwendet werden. Typische Vertreter sind Chromierungsbäder, Chromatierungsbäder, Beiz- bzw. Ätzlösungen. Diese Bäder reichern in der Regel dreiwertiges Chrom und metallische Verunreinigungen an. Dialyseapparate und Elektrodia­ lyseapparate konzentrieren in der Regel nur, ohne die Verunreinigungen zu separieren. Eine Reihe von Zweikammerzellen besitzt den Nachteil der Schlammbildung in einem Elektrodenraum. Kom­ binationen von verschiedenen Kammerzellen sind vereinzelt für die Nickelrückgewinnung vorge­ schlagen worden. Ein ähnliches Prinzip wird auch bei der Chromsäureregeneration (DE PS 40 32 856) angewandt. In einer früheren Arbeit (Patrick, K. und Dexter, D.: Combining Elektrolysis and Dialysis for Regeneration of Chromic Acid Etching Solution, Journal of Membrane Science 13 (1983) 327-336) wird die paarweise stoffstrommäßige Verschaltung zweier Teilzellen eines einfachen Dialysators und einer kationenaustauschermembrangeteilten Zelle vorgestellt. Der Er­ findung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren und eine Zelle zur Verfügung zu stellen, die es erlauben, ohne Chemikalieneinsatz und Schlammbildung Chrom in Ionenform zu konzentrieren, regenerieren und Fremdmetalle in reiner Form abzuscheiden.The invention relates to a method and a cell for the regeneration of chromium-containing systems as used in surface treatment technology. Typical representatives are Chromating baths, chromating baths, pickling and etching solutions. These baths enrich in the Usually trivalent chromium and metallic impurities. Dialysis machines and electrodia lysers usually only concentrate without separating the impurities. A row of two-chamber cells has the disadvantage of sludge formation in an electrode space. Com combinations of different chamber cells are occasionally used for nickel recovery been hit. A similar principle is also used for chromic acid regeneration (DE PS 40 32 856) applied. In a previous work (Patrick, K. and Dexter, D .: Combining Elektrolysis and Dialysis for Regeneration of Chromic Acid Etching Solution, Journal of Membrane Science 13 (1983) 327-336), the pair-wise interconnection of two sub-cells becomes one simple dialyzer and a cation exchange membrane-divided cell. The he It is an object of the invention to provide a method and a cell which make it possible allow to concentrate chromium in ion form without the use of chemicals and sludge formation, regenerate and separate foreign metals in pure form.

Die Aufgabe der Erfindung wird - ausgehend vom Oberbegriff des 1. Patentanspruches - gemäß den Merkmalen im gekennzeichneten Teil gelöst. Die Fig. 1 zeigt die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1. Zwischen einer Vorlage (1) und der Mittelkammer (4) einer Dreikammerzelle (2) zirkuliert der zu behandelnde Elektrolyt. Die Mittelkammer (4) wird durch zwei Separatoren (9) und (10) be­ grenzt. Die Außenkammern (5) und (6) nehmen Elektroden (7) und (8) auf. Im elektrischen Feld erfolgt eine bevorzugte Wanderungen von Kationen (11), die z. B. an der Elektrode (7) abgeschie­ den werden können, sowie von Anionen (12), die z. B. in der Außenkammer (6) konzentriert werden können. Wurde diese Außenkammer zuvor mit Teilen des zu regenerierenden Elek­ trolytes gefüllt, ist gleichzeitig eine partielle Chromoxidation mit nachfolgender Badergän­ zung möglich. Vorzugsweise sollte für diesen Fall der Separator (9) eine Kationenaustau­ schermembran oder ein Diaphragma und der Separator (10) eine Anionenaustauscher­ membran sein. Damit sind die Anforderungen einer eleganten Regeneriertechnik erfüllt.The object of the invention is achieved - starting from the preamble of the first claim - according to the features in the marked part. Fig. 1 shows the features of claim 1. Between a template ( 1 ) and the middle chamber ( 4 ) of a three-chamber cell ( 2 ) circulates the electrolyte to be treated. The middle chamber ( 4 ) is bordered by two separators ( 9 ) and ( 10 ). The outer chambers ( 5 ) and ( 6 ) receive electrodes ( 7 ) and ( 8 ). In the electric field there is a preferred migration of cations ( 11 ), the z. B. on the electrode ( 7 ) can be shot, as well as of anions ( 12 ) z. B. can be concentrated in the outer chamber ( 6 ). If this outer chamber was previously filled with parts of the electrolyte to be regenerated, partial chrome oxidation with subsequent bath replenishment is possible at the same time. In this case, the separator ( 9 ) should preferably be a cation exchange membrane or a diaphragm and the separator ( 10 ) should be an anion exchange membrane. This fulfills the requirements of elegant regeneration technology.

Eine andere Ausführungsform ist z. B. gegeben, wenn bei analoger Stoffstromführung durch die Mittelkammer (4), diese von zwei Kationenaustauschermembranen (9) und (10) begrenzt wird, was vor allem im Falle des Vorliegens von Chloridionen sinnvoll ist, da da­ mit deren Oxidation zum Chlor an der Elektrode (8) verhindert werden kann. Zum La­ dungsausgleich wird ein gerichteter Kationenstrom (13), z. B. ein Protonenstrom, in die Mittelkammer (4) eintreten. Another embodiment is e.g. B. given if analogous material flow through the middle chamber ( 4 ), this is limited by two cation exchange membranes ( 9 ) and ( 10 ), which is particularly useful in the presence of chloride ions, since with their oxidation to chlorine at the Electrode ( 8 ) can be prevented. To load equalization is a directed cation stream ( 13 ), for. B. a proton stream, enter the middle chamber ( 4 ).

Die Ausführung der Erfindung wird Hilfe eines Beispiele näher erklärt.The implementation of the invention is explained in more detail with the aid of an example.

Eine Lösung mit Konzentrationswerten von 13 g dreiwertigen Chromes pro Liter und 18 g Eisen pro Liter wurde durch die Mittelkammer der PVC-Elektrolysezelle entsprechend Fig. 1 gegeben. Das Volumen der Lösung betrug 10 l. Der Separator auf der Anodenkammerseite war ein Kera­ mikdiaphragma, der Separator zur Kathodenkammer eine Nafion-Kationenaustauschermembran. Durch die Elektrolysezelle wurde eine Ladungsmenge von 250 Ah/l geleitet. Nach einer Zeit von 10 Stunden betrug die Konzentration sechswertigen Chromes im Mittelkammerelektrolyten 0,5 g/l. Am Anfang hatte diese Konzentration 20 g/l betragen. In der Anodenkammer, in der zu Versuchsbeginn ein zehnfach verdünnter Mittelkammerelektrolyt eingefüllt worden war, betrug die Konzentration sechswertigen Chromes am Ende 80 g/l. Die Eisenkonzentration wurde im Mit­ telkammerelektrolyten auf 1,3 g/l gesenkt. In der Kathodenkammer diente eine 10%-ige Schwe­ felsäure als Konzentrierungselektrolyt. Metallisches Chrom konnte partiell an der Kathode abge­ schieden werden.A solution with concentration values of 13 g trivalent chromium per liter and 18 g iron per liter was passed through the middle chamber of the PVC electrolysis cell according to FIG. 1. The volume of the solution was 10 l. The separator on the anode chamber side was a ceramic diaphragm, the separator to the cathode chamber was a Nafion cation exchange membrane. A charge of 250 Ah / l was passed through the electrolytic cell. After a period of 10 hours, the concentration of hexavalent chromium in the middle chamber electrolyte was 0.5 g / l. At the beginning this concentration was 20 g / l. In the anode chamber, in which a ten-fold diluted middle chamber electrolyte had been filled at the beginning of the experiment, the concentration of hexavalent chromium at the end was 80 g / l. The iron concentration was reduced to 1.3 g / l in the middle chamber electrolyte. In the cathode chamber, a 10% sulfuric acid served as the concentration electrolyte. Metallic chromium could be partially deposited on the cathode.

Claims (8)

1. Verfahren und Zelle zur Regenerierung chromhaltiger Systeme, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der zu behandelnde Elektrolyt (3) z. B. aus einer Vorlage (1) durch eine Mittelkammer (4), be­ grenzt durch zwei Separatoren (9) und (10), einer Dreikammerzelle (2) gepumpt wird und im elektrischen Feld zwischen den Elektroden (7) in der Randkammer (5) und der Elektrode (8) in der Randkammer (6) ein gerichteter Kationenstrom (11) zur bevorzugten Abscheidung an der Elektrode (7) sowie ein gerichteter Anionenstrom (12) zur bevorzugten Konzentration in der Außenkammer (6) bzw. ein gerichteter Kationenstrom (13) zum Ladungsausgleich in der Mittelkammer (4) erzeugt werden.1. The method and cell for the regeneration of chromium-containing systems, characterized in that the electrolyte to be treated ( 3 ) z. B. from a template ( 1 ) through a central chamber ( 4 ), be limited by two separators ( 9 ) and ( 10 ), a three-chamber cell ( 2 ) is pumped and in the electric field between the electrodes ( 7 ) in the peripheral chamber ( 5th ) and the electrode ( 8 ) in the edge chamber ( 6 ) a directed cation stream ( 11 ) for preferential deposition on the electrode ( 7 ) and a directed anion stream ( 12 ) for preferred concentration in the outer chamber ( 6 ) or a directed cation stream ( 13 ) for charge equalization in the middle chamber ( 4 ). 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Außenkammerelektrolyte Tei­ le der zu regenerierenden Lösung (3) verwendet werden können.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Tei le of the solution to be regenerated ( 3 ) can be used as outer chamber electrolytes. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet dadurch, daß die Zelle, ähnlich dem Aufbau von Elektrodialysestacks eine multiple Struktur aufweisen kann.3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the cell, similar to the structure of Electrodialysis stacks can have a multiple structure. 4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet dadurch, daß der Elektrolyt (3) zeitgetaktet in die Mittelkammer geführt wird.4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrolyte ( 3 ) is guided clocked into the middle chamber. 5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, kennzeichnet dadurch, daß zur Qualitätsverbesserung ein Im­ pulsbetrieb der Zellspannungen und/oder des Stromes verwendet wird.5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that an Im for quality improvement pulse operation of the cell voltages and / or the current is used. 6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet dadurch, daß die verwendeten Elektroden eine so­ genannte dreidimensionale Struktur als Streckmetall, Schüttung, Spänen o. ä. aufweisen können.6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrodes used a so can have said three-dimensional structure as expanded metal, fill, chips or the like. 7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet dadurch, daß die verwendeten Elektroden aus Metall, Graphit, Kohlenstoff, leitfähigem oder metallisiertem Kunststoff oder leitfähigen Verbund­ materialien bestehen.7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrodes used from Metal, graphite, carbon, conductive or metallized plastic or conductive composite materials exist. 8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet dadurch, daß zur Beschleunigung des Stofftran­ sportes Mittel und Maßnahmen wie Einbauten oder Schwimmkörper, erhöhte Konvektion, Rüh­ rung, Gaseinblasung, strukturierte Elektroden, Bewegung der Zelle und/oder von Teilen der Zelle oder spezielle physikalische Verfahren wie Ultraschall verwendet werden.8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that to accelerate the substance oil sportive means and measures such as internals or floats, increased convection, scramble tion, gas injection, structured electrodes, movement of the cell and / or parts of the cell or special physical methods such as ultrasound can be used.
DE1997133064 1997-07-31 1997-07-31 Reclaiming chromic-containing systems Withdrawn DE19733064A1 (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000005438A1 (en) * 1998-07-21 2000-02-03 Fernz Timber Protection Limited Electrochemical conversion of transition metal cations to anions at a higher oxidation state
RU2789159C1 (en) * 2022-05-23 2023-01-30 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Российский химико-технологический университет имени Д.И. Менделеева" (РХТУ им. Д.И. Менделеева) Method for regeneration of the chromium plating electrolyte

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000005438A1 (en) * 1998-07-21 2000-02-03 Fernz Timber Protection Limited Electrochemical conversion of transition metal cations to anions at a higher oxidation state
RU2789159C1 (en) * 2022-05-23 2023-01-30 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Российский химико-технологический университет имени Д.И. Менделеева" (РХТУ им. Д.И. Менделеева) Method for regeneration of the chromium plating electrolyte

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