DE19726354A1 - Cryogenic purification of waste rubber to valuable granules for recycling - Google Patents

Cryogenic purification of waste rubber to valuable granules for recycling

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Publication number
DE19726354A1
DE19726354A1 DE1997126354 DE19726354A DE19726354A1 DE 19726354 A1 DE19726354 A1 DE 19726354A1 DE 1997126354 DE1997126354 DE 1997126354 DE 19726354 A DE19726354 A DE 19726354A DE 19726354 A1 DE19726354 A1 DE 19726354A1
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DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
rubber
metal
textile
granulate
steel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
DE1997126354
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Kurt R B Wanke
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Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to DE1997126354 priority Critical patent/DE19726354A1/en
Publication of DE19726354A1 publication Critical patent/DE19726354A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/04—Disintegrating plastics, e.g. by milling
    • B29B17/0404—Disintegrating plastics, e.g. by milling to powder
    • B29B17/0408—Disintegrating plastics, e.g. by milling to powder using cryogenic systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
    • B29B17/0206—Selectively separating reinforcements from matrix material by destroying the interface bound before disintegrating the matrix to particles or powder, e.g. from tires or belts
    • B29B17/021—Selectively separating reinforcements from matrix material by destroying the interface bound before disintegrating the matrix to particles or powder, e.g. from tires or belts using local heating of the reinforcement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2021/00—Use of unspecified rubbers as moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2313/00—Use of textile products or fabrics as reinforcement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2705/00—Use of metals, their alloys or their compounds, for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2030/00—Pneumatic or solid tyres or parts thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/709—Articles shaped in a closed loop, e.g. conveyor belts
    • B29L2031/7092—Conveyor belts
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)

Abstract

The process recycles rubber, especially reinforced by steel and/or textile. A known cryogenic process embrittles the rubber at -200 deg C, using liquid nitrogen. The process comprises electronic measurement of the metal content at this stage. The metal is then flash-heated inductively, in seconds. It is thereby rendered tough or resilient, whereas the rubber remains brittle. The rubber is then mechanically granulated, but the resilient metal structure stays largely unaffected. Any metal is removed, leaving behind the rubber granules, and if appropriate any non-metallic (textile) inclusions.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein verbessertes Verfahren zur Herstellung von Gummi-Rezyklat aus Gummibauteilen gemäß Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 wie es z. B. bei der Herstel­ lung von Gummigranulat aus Autoreifen, Förderbändern etc. Anwendung findet.The invention relates to an improved process for the production of recycled rubber Rubber components according to the preamble of claim 1 as z. B. in the manufacture rubber granulate from car tires, conveyor belts, etc. is used.

Es ist seit langem erprobt, Altgummiteile wie Reifen, Förderbänder etc. mit Hilfe des Kryo-Ver­ fahrens zu rezyklieren, wobei das Ausgangsmaterial mittels flüssigem Stickstoff so weit abgekühlt wird, daß es äußerst spröde wird, und mechanisch zerbrochen bzw. zu Granulat verarbeitet werden kann. Durch die extreme Abkühlung auf nahezu -200°C wer­ den jedoch nicht nur die Gummibestandteile spröde, sondern auch die innen liegenden Stahl- und/oder Textilverstärkungen, d. h. sie werden ebenfalls zerkleinert. Das bisher bekannte Vorgehen ermöglicht keine zuverlässige Aussonderung insbesondere der metall­ haltigen Bruchstücke, was bei der Weiterverarbeitung des Granulats zu erheblichen Pro­ blemen führt. Zum einen stellen die Drähte eine nicht tolerierbare Verletzungsgefahr an der Oberfläche von Bauteilen aus Gummi-Rezyklat dar, und zweitens kann allein schon die Luftfeuchtigkeit zum Austreten von rostigem Kondenswasser aus dem Bauteil führen.It has long been tried and tested, used rubber parts such as tires, conveyor belts etc. with the help of the cryo-ver to recycle, the starting material using liquid nitrogen so is cooled far enough that it becomes extremely brittle and mechanically broken or closed Granules can be processed. Due to the extreme cooling to almost -200 ° C who which is not only brittle, but also the inner parts Steel and / or textile reinforcements, d. H. they are also crushed. So far Known procedures do not allow reliable segregation, especially of the metal containing fragments, which in the further processing of the granules to considerable pro blemen leads. On the one hand, the wires pose an intolerable risk of injury the surface of components made of recycled rubber, and secondly alone the humidity leads to the escape of rusty condensed water from the component.

Bisher übliche Anwendungsmöglichkeiten verlangen darüber hinaus schon aus ästheti­ schen Gründen Granulat ohne Beimengung von Textilresten. Neuerdings sind jedoch auch Anwendungen in Vorbereitung, bei denen textile Bestandteile nicht stören. (Siehe Offenlegungsschrift DE 195 40 070 A1) Ferner ist textilhaltiges Rezyklat auch als Kern­ material von Bauteilen denkbar, bei denen nur an die äußerlich sichtbare Schicht hohe Ansprüche zu stellen sind. In allen Fällen aber ist metallhaltiges Granulat nicht einsetzbar. Bislang ist die Gewinnung hochwertigen Granulats überdies mit viel Handarbeit verbun­ den, was einer größeren Verbreitung noch im Wege steht. In addition, applications that have been common up to now require aesthetic reasons for reasons of granules without the addition of textile residues. However, recently Also in preparation applications in which textile components do not interfere. (Please refer Laid-open specification DE 195 40 070 A1) Furthermore, recycled textile material is also used as the core Material of components conceivable in which only high on the externally visible layer Claims are to be made. In all cases, however, metal-containing granules cannot be used. So far, the extraction of high-quality granules has also involved a lot of manual work that which stands in the way of a wider spread.  

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist somit, ein Verfahren darzustellen, das sowohl zur kostengünsti­ gen und zuverlässigen Gewinnung metallfreien wie auch (äußerlich) textilfreien Granulats geeignet ist. Die Aufgabe wird gemäß Patentanspruch 1 dadurch gelöst, daß wahlweise vor oder nach dem Tiefkühlen des zu rezyklierenden Bauteils dessen Metallgehalt elek­ tronisch ermittelt, und dieses Metall vor Beginn der mechanischen Zerkleinerung mittels elektrischer Induktion blitzschnell bis weit über den Versprödungspunkt erhitzt wird, der Gummianteil dabei aber tiefkalt und somit spröde bleibt. Da Gummi ein Isolator ist, wird er induktiv nicht erwärmt, und sein lokaler Kontakt mit dem wieder erhitzten Metallanteil reicht in der Kürze der verfügbaren Zeit nicht aus, ihn nennenswert zu erwärmen und damit wieder elastisch zu machen.The object of the invention is therefore to present a method which is both inexpensive reliable and reliable extraction of metal-free and (externally) textile-free granules suitable is. The object is achieved according to claim 1 in that optionally before or after freezing the component to be recycled, its metal content elec determined tronically, and by means of this metal before the start of mechanical comminution electrical induction is heated at lightning speed far beyond the embrittlement point that The rubber content is extremely cold and therefore remains brittle. Since rubber is an insulator, it does not heat up inductively, and its local contact with the reheated metal portion In the short time available, it is not sufficient to warm it up and to make it elastic again.

Das zu rezyklierende tiefgekühlte Bauteil, egal ob Altreifen, Gummi-Förderband oder ähn­ liches, durchläuft zwischen dem Tiefkühlbad in flüssigem Stickstoff und der mechanischen Zerkleinerung eine Zwischenkammer, in der die induktive Erhitzung der metallischen Ein­ schlüsse erfolgt, was deren Versprödung rückgängig macht, so daß sie unbeschadet er­ halten bleiben, während der versprödete Gummi granuliert wird. Der mechanisch unver­ sehrte Stahlanteil kann anschließend mechanisch oder magnetisch abgetrennt werden. Eventuell anhaftende Gummireste sind dabei belanglos.The frozen component to be recycled, whether used tires, rubber conveyor belt or similar Liches, passes between the freezer in liquid nitrogen and the mechanical Crushing an intermediate chamber in which the inductive heating of the metallic one conclusions takes place, which reverses their embrittlement, so that it is undamaged stick while the embrittled rubber is granulated. The mechanically imm Very large amounts of steel can then be separated mechanically or magnetically. Any adhering rubber residues are irrelevant.

Das so gewonnene hochwertige Gummirezyklat erhält keine Metallteile mehr, und kann sofort wieder eingesetzt werden. Falls jedoch in der gleichen Charge auch Altbauteile mit Textilverstärkungen aufgearbeitet werden, ist das Granulat mehr oder weniger stark mit Textilresten durchsetzt. Diese können bei Bedarf opto-elektronisch erfaßt und mittels ei­ ner Trennvorrichtung ausgesondert werden, z. B. durch gezielte Druckluftstöße quer zum Materialfluß. Da aber genügende Mengen beimengungsfreien Granulats aus Stahlgürtel­ reifen gewonnen werden kann, dürfte diese Trennung wenig sinnvoll sein, zumal es künf­ tig genügend Verwendungsmöglichkeit auch für textilhaltiges Granulat geben wird.The high-quality rubber recyclate obtained in this way no longer contains metal parts and can can be used again immediately. If, however, old components are included in the same batch Textile reinforcements are worked up, the granulate is more or less strong with Textile residues interspersed. If necessary, these can be recorded opto-electronically and by means of egg ner separating device to be discarded, e.g. B. through targeted air blasts across Material flow. However, there are sufficient quantities of steel belt-free granules can be won mature, this separation should not make much sense, especially since it will come there will be sufficient use also for textile-containing granules.

Von zentraler Bedeutung ist in jedem Falle die erfindungsgemäße Aussonderung bzw. prozeßbedingte Vermeidung metallhaltigen Granulats, was die universelle Verwendung des so gewonnenen Granulats sicherstellt.In any case, the separation or process-related avoidance of metal-containing granules, which is the universal use of the granules obtained in this way.

Claims (6)

1. Verfahren zur Herstellung von Gummi-Rezyklat, insbesondere aus stahlbewehrten und/oder textilverstärkten Gummibauteilen, bei dem durch das an sich bekannte Kryo-Verfahren
  • a.) die Gummianteile mittels flüssigem Stickstoff auf nahezu -200°C tiefgekühlt werden, wodurch eine extreme Sprödigkeit des Materials erreicht wird,
  • b.) wonach diese tiefgekühlten brüchigen Teile mechanisch z. B. mit Hilfe einer Art Prall­ mühle zu Granulat zerkleinert werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
  • c.) vor der mechanischen Zerkleinerung die in den tiefgekühlten Gummibauteilen enthal­ tene Metall/Stahlmasse auf elektronischem Wege mengenmäßig erfaßt wird,
  • d.) die enthaltenen Metall/Stahlbauteile induktiv binnen Sekunden so weit erhitzt werden, daß sie wieder ausreichend strukturfest, d. h. elastisch werden, während der Gummianteil spröde bleibt,
  • e.) bei der nachfolgenden mechanischen Zerkleinerung nur der Gummianteil zu Granulat zerbrochen wird, während der durch induktive Erwärmung wieder elastisch gewordene Metallanteil in seiner Struktur unverändert bleibt
  • f.) schließlich die Metall/Stahlbestandteile ausgesondert werden, so daß nur Gummigra­ nulat übrigbleibt, u. U. mit nichtmetallischen (textilen) Einschlüssen.
1. Process for the production of recycled rubber, in particular from steel-reinforced and / or textile-reinforced rubber components, in the cryogenic process known per se
  • a.) the rubber components are frozen to near -200 ° C using liquid nitrogen, which makes the material extremely brittle,
  • b.) After which these frozen fragile parts mechanically z. B. with the help of a kind of impact mill to granulate, characterized in that
  • c.) before mechanical crushing, the metal / steel mass contained in the deep-frozen rubber components is electronically recorded,
  • d.) the contained metal / steel components are inductively heated within seconds to such an extent that they become sufficiently structurally stable, ie elastic, while the rubber portion remains brittle
  • e.) in the subsequent mechanical comminution, only the rubber portion is broken into granules, while the structure of the metal portion that has become elastic again due to inductive heating remains unchanged
  • f.) finally the metal / steel components are discarded so that only rubber granulate remains, u. U. with non-metallic (textile) inclusions.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 15 dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die sekundenschnelle Erwärmung der Metallanteile durch induktives Erhitzen auf eine Temperatur erfolgt, bei der sie nicht mehr spröde sind, und auch durch den sie umgeben­ den noch tiefkalten Gummianteil vor Beginn der Zerkleinerung nicht wieder unter die Ver­ sprödungstemperatur zu rückgekühlt werden.2. The method according to claim 15 characterized, that the heating of the metal parts in seconds by inductive heating to a Temperature takes place at which they are no longer brittle, and also by which they are surrounded do not put the cryogenic rubber portion under the ver brittle temperature to be recooled. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Abtrennung der unzerkleinert gebliebenen Metallanteile vom Gummigranulat mecha­ nisch erfolgt.3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the separation of the uncrushed metal parts from the rubber granulate mecha niche. 4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Abtrennung ferromagnetischer Metallteile, wie etwa bei Stahlgürtelreifen, magnetisch erfolgt.4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the separation of ferromagnetic metal parts, such as steel belt tires, magnetically he follows. 5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Gummigranulat abschließend, d. h. nach Abtrennung der Metallteile, optoelektronisch auf äußerlich sichtbare Textilteile abgetastet wird. 5. The method according to claim 1 characterized in that finally the rubber granulate, d. H. after separating the metal parts, optoelectronic is scanned for externally visible textile parts.   6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im Durchlaufverfahren mit "fliegender Optik" das Granulat rundherum abgetastet wird, und farblich abweichende, d. h. textilhaltige Granulatteile, z. B. durch einen Druckluftstoß quer zum Materialfluß ausgesondert werden, so daß auch aus textilhaltigem Altmaterial hoch­ wertiges Gummi-Rezyklat gewonnen werden kann.6. The method according to claim 1 characterized in that the granulate is scanned all around in a continuous process with "flying optics", and color deviating, d. H. Granulate parts containing textile, e.g. B. transverse by a blast of compressed air be separated out to the material flow, so that also high from textile-containing old material valuable rubber recyclate can be obtained.
DE1997126354 1997-06-21 1997-06-21 Cryogenic purification of waste rubber to valuable granules for recycling Withdrawn DE19726354A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE1997126354 DE19726354A1 (en) 1997-06-21 1997-06-21 Cryogenic purification of waste rubber to valuable granules for recycling

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE1997126354 DE19726354A1 (en) 1997-06-21 1997-06-21 Cryogenic purification of waste rubber to valuable granules for recycling

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE19726354A1 true DE19726354A1 (en) 1999-01-07

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DE1997126354 Withdrawn DE19726354A1 (en) 1997-06-21 1997-06-21 Cryogenic purification of waste rubber to valuable granules for recycling

Country Status (1)

Country Link
DE (1) DE19726354A1 (en)

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