DE19715213A1 - Optical or electrical cable laying method e.g. for information system - Google Patents

Abstract

A method of laying cables, in particularly flexible or ribbon cable, in channels/trenches sunk in a compacted ground-soil site, whereby the cables (1,8,13,14) are inserted and brought into channels (16) of given routes or paths at different depth of lay and in which a cable of a given information system is brought in, in each case, at the same depth of lay. The cable used is specifically micro-cable which is encapsulated in a plastic material, preferably bitumen, for protection.

Description

The invention relates to a method for laying cables, consisting preferably of a tube and loosely inserted therein brought optical and / or electrical information conductors in grooves of a fixed installation reason.

Process for laying cables with optical or electrical information guides in slots for fixed installation reasons are known per se, which is always about same paths in a street. Ka belmuffen known in the level of laying depth Have cable entries. With this type of laying However, no measures are taken that change during installation cables of different information systems. So can, for example, in a later installation process or Damage occurs at intersections with the first installed cable ten, because when you cut a new groove, that was already misplaced Cable can be hit.

Thus, the task for the present invention is a Ver drive to lay cables in grooves of a fixed laying reason to find where the risk of injury to a already deployed information system is excluded and with which it is possible to due to the installed cable assign its relocation to a specific information system to be able to.

The task is accomplished with a first procedure solved that the cables of different information systems in Grooves of specified routes in different laying heights  inserted and guided, whereby a cable of a certain information system at the same installation height leads.

A second solution to the problem results from the procedure of claim 10, in which a flat cable consisting of meh cables lying next to each other in a common environment sleeve inserted in an adapted groove of the installation reason becomes.

A third solution results from the An procedure Proverbs 12, in which several cables lie side by side in Grooves are inserted whose depths are less than that Diameter of the cables and a protective covering, preferred wise bitumen is applied over the arrangement of the cables.

Finally, the task posed by another Method according to claim 14 solved in that the cable in Gussets or corner areas as a groove of the installation reason preferably a street in the street / curb area or one Coagulated, is laid and that a protective covering, preferably Bitumen is applied over the arrangement of the cables.

Particular advantages of the invention are that Introducing one or more cables, especially micro cables from a pipe and information carriers inside, lie on top of each other or next to each other, can cross the cables of an operator, subscriber or a spe function of a predetermined route in a special laying depth is assigned. The specially for this Sleeves to be inserted in the installation reason serve as a connection the and branches of cables, in particular the microcables. The sleeves can be electrically contacted to locate the cables be animals. They also take passive and active components such as splices, plugs, optical coupler plugs, opti switches, power supply units, backup batteries or optical / electrical converter. The cable sleeve also serves  as an electrical contact point for cable detectors or Cable detectors.

The cables, in particular micro cables, are inserted into the cable sleeve. introduced, strain-relieved and sealed. The cable jacket or the tube of the microcable, if necessary for Power supply or different operators used be, whereby it must then be isolated. If the metalli cal cable sheath electrically conductive with the transmitter of a De Tektiergerätes connected, the course of the Mikroka clearly determine bels. In this way, all ver laid cables are recorded in their course, the elek are trically connected.

The cable sleeve expediently has cable entries, which are assigned to the respective installation depths, according to the above-mentioned function of a specific route assigned.

In principle, are suitable for laying according to the invention method according to the most varied cable types, but points the micro cable from a tubular metal sheath advantages. Representing all other types is only the procedure for laying a micro cable described. The metal jacket of the micro cable protects the loose fiber optic cables from damage the laying and guarantees a certain excess length of the Optical fiber when laying and is also special the shear force stable. A cable jacket made of paper, swelling fleece, Polyethylene, polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride or similar Ma materials isolates the tubular metal jacket from above the surrounding filling compound in the groove and the soil, see above that the metallic tube as an electric current Heads located and ver will measure.  

When installing a cable network for the first time, the Micro cables all in one level. With subsequent expansion and Expansion of the network may occur in Kreuzun with cables that have already been laid. These crossing points are particularly vulnerable areas, since the already relocated Cable system when milling a new groove for the new Laying micro cables with the milling disc of the street construction machine can be injured. With a detection method the position of the microcables can be determined very precisely len; however, it is much safer and easier to use the invention old and newly laid cables according to their under different functions or different information systems to assign certain laying depths from the outset or in appropriate distances next to each other. Where these Depth assignment is not possible, then there is the possibility to let the groove end just before the crossing point and then with two oblique holes, a tunnel under the already to carry laid cable.

However, according to the invention there is also the possibility of several microcables in an existing groove the to attach, the previously introduced filling material deliberately removed over the already laid micro cable must become. The main cable can thus be expanded without that branching micro cables must be crossed.

A technically extremely demanding solution is that you have an existing network with, for example, 1550 nm waves length supplied, then further part on the existing fibers user and the now new network with an example as supplied 2 nm lower or higher wavelength. Accordingly, the original fiber network can be combined with others Participation in the third window currently up to be operated eight times. This gives a technically possible and economical solution for adding new participants.  

The method according to the invention summarizes fol advantages and special features.

A main cable and branching micro cables have different ones Installation depths and are at right angles to each other orderly.

The main cable and branching micro cable can be in parallel lines offset from one another are arranged in their own NEN grooves possibly with different depths be set.

The laying depth and the respective lateral distance of the Mi Crocables can be detected with a sensor.

The laying depth, width and the distance of the respective Mi crocable to a reference point in the street, for example a measuring point or curb are special at the same time their function or a certain information system assigns, for example, to a specific operator Main, drop or branch cable, a repair or Extension cables or other systems.

With the help of a detector, cables can be targeted in a tra can be found if these are electrically separate from each other are isolated. For this, the corresponding and associated Sockets or cable ends electrically contacted accordingly.

With locating procedures, all routes or cables can be or ten, which are then stored in a computer, for example can be or on a special road map be drawn.

One cable or several cables, preferably during the initial installation, where here also an assignment regarding the location for various whose information systems can be taken.  

When re-laying in a groove, the seal or the Filling mass of the groove, if necessary, by thermal processes be removed again. If the width of the groove is sufficient, microcables can also be laid in parallel, an assignment to the respective location Information systems can be taken.

The metal tubes of the microcables are preferably one Insulation. This isolation causes mechanical Protection, corrosion protection and electrical insulation. The Cable insulation layer is also a release agent compared to the filling compound in the groove, for example opposite Bitumen. The microcable can then be used relatively for a repair be lifted effortlessly as it is easy to get out of the rest Bitumen of the filler dissolves.

The inside of the metal tube in which the optical fiber can run against with filling compound or a swelling fleece penetrating surface water sealed in case of damage will. However, microcables without filling are preferred.

Length and elongation changes in the metal tube cannot filled microcables are well received because of the light waveguide and the tube of the microcable not over that Filling material are interconnected. The light wave ter are freely movable within the tube. The swellable fleece serves as a separating material between the optical fibers and the pipe and guarantees sufficient longitudinal water tightness.

The suitable cable sleeve is directly in the holes appropriate diameter used in the solid surface and serves as a shunting, measuring and splicing point and can also add additional components.

The cable sleeve that is especially suitable for this procedure is, has cable entries in different heights that the  Corresponding laying depths of the cables. This is a direct one Access to the routes guaranteed that meet the given Installation depths.

Are several micro cables with different in a cable sleeve functions or various information systems leads, they can be electrically isolated from each other to separate the information, for example, maintenance systems.

If profiles running lengthways as a cover for the grooves, e.g. B. made of foam rubber, so the cable can later need to be lifted again easily because of the profile acts as a release agent, being effortlessly pulled out can.

However, several microcables can also be connected to a web be put together to tape. Such a micro cable tape can then be inserted in wide-relatively shallow grooves and one be pressed. When branches from the network, a micro cable similar to a flush-mounted multi-conductor cable for the house cabling be disconnected.

Microcables can be made according to the method according to the invention in or on streets, in the uppermost street layer or along of a curb. Also the laying in green streak along the street or in open channels or down water channels are possible.

A corresponding security against traffic load Laying in the street results from the material itself in which the cable is embedded, such as the Stra floor covering or by a suitable covering material. The cover can be covered with bitumen or by cementing done along corners or gutters, these corners or channels as protective grooves in the sense of the invention are seen.  

The method of making grooves according to the invention is done either by slitting or cutting deep grooves, by milling a large or wide area Groove with shallow depth, by sticking on the street top surface, by thermal insertion of flat grooves in the Asphalt of a road, by compacting the soil with Vi equipment or by cementing it into the foundation along a curb or by placing it in an open curd nen.

The invention will now be based on twenty three figures ago explained.

Fig. 1 shows an initial installation of microcables.

Fig. 2 shows a branch network for micro cables.

Fig. 3 shows a location method for locating micro cables.

Fig. 4 shows grooves with different laying heights for micro cables.

Fig. 5 shows a micro cable arrangement with crossings.

Fig. 6 shows a groove with a micro cable laid therein.

Fig. 7 shows a groove with several superimposed th microcables.

Fig. 8 shows the lifting of filler material from a groove.

Fig. 9 shows the connection of other participants via optical couplers.

Fig. 10 illustrates the connection of several microcables to a cable sleeve.

Fig. 11 shows a micro cable in cross section.

Fig. 12 shows the laying of a flat cable made of Mikroka cables in a flat groove.

FIG. 13 shows the final state of the method indicated in FIG. 12.

Fig. 14 shows a flat cable which is arranged on the surface of the installation base.

Fig. 15 shows grooves made in the roadway for partially receiving microcables.

Fig. 16 shows the creation of grooves for a micro cable by compacting the installation reason.

Fig. 17 shows the arrangement of a micro cable in a gusset of a road surface.

Fig. 18 shows the arrangement of a micro cable in a channel.

Fig. 19 shows the arrangement of a micro cable to Querstre ben a channel.

Fig. 20 shows a flat cable of micro-cables with individual branches.

Fig. 21 shows the laying along the curb in the concrete foundation Be.

Fig. 22 shows the laying along the curb on the concrete foundation.

Fig. 23 shows the laying within a drain pipe made of concrete or masonry.

Fig. 1 provides a schematic plan view of an initial installation of a network with microcables that are installed in a fixed installation reason. The route of this first laying is made at a certain laying depth of a street 4 , it running in the area of the curb 5 . In corresponding sleeves 3 branch cables 2 to the adjacent blocks 6 to the subscriber connections or house crossing points 7 are initiated.

In Fig. 2, a possible branching network for microcables for different operators is outlined schematically in a view from above in time installations. When installing for the first time, a cable network, as indicated in the figure, can be laid without intersection to each participant. Subsequent additional installations, as can be seen from this, lead to intersections 9 of the routes or microcables. These crossings are always a potential Ge driving point and possibly lead to break points at which the micro cable laid first can be cut. This is particularly to be expected when laying routes are used by different operators, for which the laying of a cable from the street surface can be considered. According to the invention, different installation heights are now specified for the individual drivers, so that each operator receives an installation height. The aim should be that the initial laying is laid on the deepest level. All subsequent micro cables are then laid over it so that cables that have already been laid are not cut through. Fig. 2 shows such a laying system, in which the system with the main cable 1 of a Sy stem with a main cable 8 is superimposed. Incidentally, who took the branches in the same way in cable sleeves 3 before, the branching cables in turn points house transition 7 of the blocks 6 are supplied.

In Fig. 3 it is indicated schematically that in the fixed installation based 4 , for example a street, a ge in a groove guided microcable 17 with the aid of a detector signal 12 sent from a detector installed in a mobile service vehicle 10 is found.

Fig. 4 shows the arrangement of different routes in egg nem installation 4 , wherein the individual grooves 16.1 , 16.2 , 16.3 and 16.4 each have different laying depths. The first routed micro cable system is expediently laid in the grooves with the greatest depth, while the last laid micro cable system can be found in the grooves with the lowest laying depth. The individual grooves are filled and sealed with a suitable filling material, for example bitumen, cast or rolled asphalt. In the individual grooves is indicated schematically that there micro-cable systems 1 , 8 , 13 , 14 are laid.

Fig. 5 provides a plan view of the road surface 4 with a plurality of micro-cable systems 1, 8, 13, 14. From these main cables, branch cables 2 are led from sleeves 3 to the corresponding blocks. The individual Kabelsy systems with the main cables 1 , 8 , 13 and 14 are, as can be seen from FIG. 4, in different installation depths, so that there can be no collision during the respective installation. These cable systems run, for example, between two curbs 5 , which can be used as reference lines.

Fig. 6 shows a cross-section of the laying ground 4 shows a laying channel 16, a micro-cable 17 is guided in its base. Filling material is located above it, for example in the form of a foam rubber band 31 , which serves as a separating agent from the hot bitumen lying above. The groove could also be filled with inexpensive plastic, rubber, or polyurethane foam residues. These only take on the function of placeholders and can be easily removed if necessary. The remaining groove is filled with a suitable filler such as bitumen.

Fig. 7 conveys that the assignment with regard to the laying depths can also be made within a groove, where in the arrangement one above the other in each laying groove must be maintained. This also provides a simple assignment to the respective operator, so that a desired network can be found based on its position in the groove. The groove is in turn closed with a filling material 16 above the introduced microcables 17 and 18 .

In Fig. 8 it is shown in a longitudinal section through the installation reason 4 that the groove 20 can be freed from the filler 16 with the aid of a device 26 for cutting microcables in the groove bottom. This device 26 is moved in the feed direction 27 , a cutting edge 19 , which is preferably heated, is guided in the groove and thereby causes the removal of the filling material 16 . The cutting edge is expediently guided so that the inserted foam rubber 31 remains above the microcable 17 . If no other micro cable crosses, another micro cable can be laid directly over the already laid micro cable 17 or over the foam rubber 31 , to which the next operator system is assigned.

In Fig. 9 it is shown schematically that further participants can be connected via an optical coupler 21 to a main cable 1 . This optical coupler 21 is located in the cable sleeve 3 , in which the splices of the optical fibers running in the main cable 1 are also stored. The connections to the individual subscribers 7 are made via the connecting lines 29 , which lead to the optical coupler 21 in the cable sleeve 3 .

Fig. 10 conveys that the cable sleeve 3 can be provided with a plurality of tubular connections 22 , so that additional microcables can be connected to the main cable 1 or the microcable 17 at any time (also later) in an existing operating system can be.

In Fig. 11, a micro cable 17 is shown in cross section, which consists of a metal tube 23 , inside which the optical fibers 25 are loosely guided. To achieve longitudinal water tightness, a swellable fleece 24 is introduced longitudinally in this microcable 17 and the connection of participants is made by pulling out the light waveguide with the swellable fleece. The optical fibers are "dry filled" with a swelling fleece.

Fig. 12 shows in a cross section through the installation reason 4, the introduction of a micro cable or of several paral lel summarized micro cables 1 and 34 , for example, about webs 35 to a ribbon or flat cable 33 together. The individual microcables 1 and 34 can also be separated from one another in the areas of the webs 35 , as is the case, for example, with so-called web lines. First of all, such a flat cable 33 is surrounded by a common jacket 36 , which is plastically deformable when heated and consists, for example, of bitumen or thermoplastic material. The assignment to the individual cable or operator systems takes place according to the invention in this exemplary embodiment by parallel guidance. In this way, the position in the parallel position is maintained in all the laying lines. This flat cable 33 is now pressed into a flat groove 32 of the installation base 4 in the direction of the indicated arrow, the jacket 36 adapting to the shape of the groove 32 . In this case, the laying groove 32 is made in the laying ground 4 with the aid of a standard milling machine or by a hot-melt process, the depth of the groove being between 0.5 and 2 cm. The corresponding groove width depends on the width of the flat cable used. With the flat cable, individual cables can also be branched off. The cable sheath 36 of the flat cable 33 made of bitumen is expediently already applied to the cable manufacture, so that the cable can be rolled hot into the groove without further preparation on the construction site. The fixation can be increased even further by means of adhesion promoters and the use of liquid bitumen. The carrier material of the flat cable can also be colored for better identification.

In Fig. 13 the already embedded flat cable 33 can be seen, the cable sheath 36 coinciding with the surface 37 of the installation reason 4 .

In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 14, a flat cable 33 , consisting of individual microcables 1 , 34 with connecting webs 35 , is in turn used, which is applied, preferably glued, to the surface of the installation base 4 . The sheath 36 of the flat cable 33 is flattened along the Längskan so that a flat rise is obtained. However, it is also possible to apply individual cables in a similar manner and to glue them directly onto the surface of the installation base 4 . The attachment to the road surface is done by an adhesive process, for example with liquid bitumen using the same method as zebra crossing and road markings. To improve the adhesive effect, the street surface is cleaned and warmed with a hot air blower. In addition, a primer can be used as an adhesion promoter.

In Fig. 15 grooves 40 are brought directly into the installation reason 4 , the microcables being taken up in whole or in part, so that only a guide or support is given for the microcables. The grooves 40 are thermally embossed by a wheel-shaped tool in the asphalt surface. Individual cables are preferably introduced here, which are not connected to one another by webs.

In Fig. 16, the generation of grooves for a Mikroka bel is shown by compacting the substrate. The sealing takes place with a conventional vibrating plate 41 , on which a sword-shaped plate 42 is introduced for the formation of grooves. This method is preferably to be used with very thin road surfaces 43 along the curbs 5 . The groove is then sealed using hot bitumen. The cable and the sealing with hot bitumen are not yet shown here.

In Fig. 17 it is shown that a kind of groove for the purposes of the invention can also be formed in the form of a gusset 44 between the curb 5 and a road surface of the laying ground. 4 After inserting the micro cable 17 , the gusset 44 is filled over the cable 17 with bitumen 45 or with a fill of cement, so that the groove formed is covered triangularly along the road.

In Fig. 18, an open channel 46 is shown in cross section ge. Most of these channels 46 consist of prefabricated concrete parts in the lower part. The side walls are usually masonry or consist of individual concrete slabs. A microcable can also be fixed in the gusset between the channel and the side wall using the method from FIG. 17. A bitumen or cement fill 45 over the gusset 47 protects the micro cable 17 .

Fig. 19 shows again a flume 46, which is supported by cross struts 48th A micro cable can be attached and fixed above the cross struts 48 .

Fig. 20 shows still additionally a flat cable comprising a plurality of parallel guided microcables 50 in the top of the outer ren cable 51, for example, branched off to subscribers. The remaining flat cable tapers. It is also possible to cross a micro cable guided in the flat cable under the main direction, in which case the road surface at these points must be deeply recessed.

FIG. 21 shows, in addition to FIG. 16, laying the cable on the concrete foundation 58 , into which grooves 60 were previously milled (ground). The concrete foundation 58 is usually rectangular and an approximately 5-10 cm wide platform 59 is formed on each side of the curb 54 . If the gap 55 between sidewalk slabs 56 and curb 54 is freed of Riesel / gravel, a groove 60 can be ground into the platform 59 of the foundation 58 , which receives the micro-cable.

Foundation 58 and curb 54 ensure optimal protection of the cable against mechanical interference. This area is largely protected from earthworks because there are no supply lines in the immediate vicinity or under the curb.

FIG. 22 shows a laying according to FIG. 21, with the milling being dispensed with. The cable 61 is, as in FIGS. 17-19, on one side on the curb 54 z. B. attached with liquid bitumen 62 . The position and laying depth results from the platform 59 of the foundation 58 . The advantage of bitumen grouting is the quick laying and the good adhesion of the cable 61 to the curb 54 . Even if the sidewalk slabs have to be removed during earthworks, the cable 61 remains in its initial position and does not interfere.

Fig. 23 shows in a cross section the laying of a micro cable in a closed drain pipe 63 , for. B. from Be ton. For this purpose, a groove 64 is ground in the upper or side area. This groove 64 receives the micro-cable 65 and protects it against mechanical influences, e.g. B. when cleaning the pipes. The micro-cables are attached by bitumen, hot-melt adhesive or glass fiber mats, which cover the groove 64 . Finally, the groove is sealed with a potting compound (e.g. epoxy). The grooves 64 are produced with a grinding machine (not shown), the guide wheels of which are supported in the interior of the tube, providing for feed and corresponding grinding depth.

Claims (17)

1. A method for laying cables, preferably consisting of a tube and loosely inserted optical and / or electrical information conductors, in grooves of a fe most installation reason, characterized in that the cables ( 1 , 8 , 13 , 14 , 17 ) different Informationssy systems are inserted and guided in grooves ( 16 ) of predetermined routes at different laying heights, a cable of a certain information system being guided at the same laying height. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized, that the cables are routed one above the other in a groove. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized, that the cables in separate grooves with different A depths of cut. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 or 3, characterized, that several grooves running in parallel with different A cutting depths are cut, preferably milled and that intersections of different information systems in grooves with different installation depths. 5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized, that the groove of an installation route of an already installed Ka bels when another cable crosses at the same height or depth is laid through obliquely positioned holes is tunneled.   6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized, that cable sleeves adapted to the laying depths of the routes Cable entries are used. 7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized, that the grooves after inserting the cables with a Füllma material, preferably bitumen, filled and sealed who the. 8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized, that another cable in a be already with a cable Pieced groove is introduced, with the filling material beforehand removed to the laying depth of the new cable to be inserted becomes. 9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized, that in a cable sleeve on an existing information tion system an information carrier with another wave length is fed. 10. A method of laying cables, preferably consisting from a tube and loosely inserted optical and / or electrical information carriers, in grooves of a fe most reasons for installation, characterized, that a flat cable consisting of several side by side cables in a common sheathing in a fit groove of the installation reason is inserted.   11. The method according to claim 10, characterized, that as a covering a plastic material, preferably Bitumen is used, which ver when inserted into the groove is formed and thus forms the filling material for the groove. 12. A method of laying cables, preferably consisting from a tube and loosely inserted optical and / or electrical information carriers, in grooves of a fe most reasons for installation, characterized, that several cables inserted side by side in grooves whose depths are less than the diameter of the Cable and that a protective covering, preferably bitumen, over the Arrangement of the cables is applied. 13. The method according to any one of claims 10 to 12, characterized, that the grooves are made by compacting the installation reason will. 14. A method of laying cables, preferably consisting from a tube and loosely inserted optical and / or electrical information carriers, in grooves of a fe most reasons for installation, characterized, that the cable in gussets or corner areas as the groove of the ver laying ground, preferably a street in the area Road / curb or a channel, or in a groove of one Drain pipe is laid, and that a protective covering, preferably have bitumen or cement over the arrangement of the cables brought.   15. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized, that the cables laid in the lines with the help of a magne table or electrical detection device located and in Laying plans are documented. 16. The method according to claim 14, characterized, that the cable is on or in the foundation along a curb is relocated. 17. The method according to claim 14, characterized, that the groove within a main drain pipe after insertion the cable is sealed with a seal.