DE19713879A1 - Soil auxiliary, for re-cultivation of damaged soil - Google Patents

Abstract

Soil auxiliary, for recultivation of soil which has been damaged by biological means and by erosion, includes no synthetically produced chemical materials (fertilisers). The auxiliary includes only products of lignite sifting, wood fibres, rock powders, limestone powder, microfine comminuted wheat straw and dried ground slices of feed beet. All the components (with the exception of the wood fibres) are left in their natural form. The wood fibres are rendered free of tannic acids by a process comprising heating to 120 deg C during comminution. The composition comprises: (i) 25-30 wt.% of lignite dust or sievings (particle size of 0.002-3 mm) of tertiary crude lignite; (ii) 25-35 wt.% of wood fibres, especially from conifers and trunk wood from Eucalyptus globulus or Eucalyptus camaldulensis; (iii) 30-35 wt.% of rock powders, especially basalt ground to a particle size of 0.001-0.015 mm; and (iv) 10-20 wt.% of natural manuring lime, especially limestone powder (shell limestone). Premixed components (i)-(iv) were treated, per m<3> of substrate, with 1.5 kg of microfine chopped straw (especially wheat straw) and the ground beet, each up to 50 wt.%.

Description

The invention relates to a soil additive in fiber form, with exclusively natural, organic and mineral components, as well as dormant microorganisms in mature plants (parts), that naturally serve as their livelihood.

As a result of the worldwide problem of mismanagement in the agricultural sectors Agriculture and special crops are oversized, formerly used for agriculture Tracts of land only fallow land, which is not the case in conventional farming can be processed more economically.

This fact is supported by current global problems, such as changing climate conditions, which leads to very rapid erosion and thus dehydration, especially in the areas concerned biologically damaged soils. The most important material of mankind, the topsoil, is literally blown away in all winds and is lost forever where it is needed. Attempts have been made to maintain this important material, or better shown "artificially to keep alive". So far this is through artificial fertilizers, organic Mixed fertilizers, composts and similar substances are used (DE 41 37 171 A1). The actual problem, namely to give the floor its natural and necessary consistency (floor level) thereby not or only partially corrected. It is imperative not only in the nutrients Bring soil, but it must also be an active biological (humine) substance in the soil be taken care of. Without this substance, many soils are unusable despite their high nutrient content, because they either absorb too much water (loamy soils) and therefore tend to silt up, or not being able to store enough water (sandy soils), causing damage to erosion.

The invention specified in protection claim 1 is based on the problem of a soil additive to create, which has a high water holding capacity, and at the same time a high potential brings humine substances (biological mass) into the soil.

The embedded, dormant microorganisms are said to be immediate when water is added (rain) Initiate the biological activity of the soil. The fact that a healthy floor must have a bottom cooker (crumb structure) makes it the task of this auxiliary, due to its special composition, plant-absorbable nutrients in deeper regions (Near the roots) and organic (humine) substances required for the bottom cook as well as the microorganisms it contains in the upper layers (oxygen-rich).  

This problem is caused by the composition of the soil additive listed in protection claim 1,

• - Lignite dust / screening
• - wood fibers
• - stone powder
• - limestone flour
• - microfine chopped wheat straw
• - beet flour

solved.

With the invention it is achieved that the affected damaged soil a high proportion of humine substances and natural nutrients provided immediately after the first application becomes. The restoration of the soil structure (ground level, crumb structure) is carried out by the special Structure of the substrate reached. The required microorganisms are passed into this substrate Wheat straw and dried fodder beet brought in at rest.

The straw is prepared as follows:

When the wheat is harvested, the straw remains un-chopped in the field. This should now be in lying condition drenched at least once by rain, and the following day be turned. This procedure causes the percentage of bacteria, infusories and fungi in straw is significantly increased by lying directly on the healthy arable soil. Subsequent natural drying of the straw removes the microorganisms and Mushrooms in a kind of resting position, which lasts for several years without water supply. This means, that they only become active when the water is supplied again. The dried straw is now through Chopped salvage and stored temporarily in suitable storage.

The beet used naturally has a high proportion of important ones Microorganisms that support this process. They serve in dried, powdered form However, beet mainly for quick activation and first source of food for the Microorganisms and fungi when water is added. This quick activation of the microorganisms and mushrooms become lignite dust and chopped wood, some of which are humane nutrients implemented, which significantly improves the ground cooking.  

Due to the preferential processing of eucalyptus trees in large regions of Portugal due to improper cultivation for the paper industry and thus displace lower plants and remove oversized nutrients and water from the soil, this spread and the associated environmental damage can be countered. As a result, environmental damage and the restoration of damaged areas are closely related together. On the one hand, the environmental problem (eucalyptus trees) is at least partially eliminated, in which the trunk wood of the trees is used in the auxiliary, on the other hand Free, arable land in its soil structure is restored. Here should now preferably green sowing (grasses for pastures), cereals, maize or sunflowers be cultivated so that a "root scar" arises as quickly as possible and thereby erosion is opposed.

After spreading by conventional manure spreaders and then digging in, preferably 5 to 8 cm deep, the substrate disintegrates immediately when water is added (rain) into its components. Rock powder and limestone powder are "washed" into the ground, and immediately stand already existing or subsequently planted seeds close to the roots to disposal. The component parts of rock powder and limestone powder are already included in the the production of the adjuvant adapted to the respective soil requirements (degree of damage). Most of the organic components of the substrate, as well as those contained therein Microorganisms and fungi remain where they are for biological soil rehabilitation are indispensable, therefore on the surface or near the surface, where there is sufficient oxygen for the biological decomposition of the same, as well as existing organic substances Microorganisms and fungi are present.

A big advantage is that the organic substances wood fibers and brown coal are very have high water retention capacity, which is necessary for the recultivation of very dry soils (eroded) is unavoidable. This water retention capacity is supported by the rock powder contained in the substrate. Due to its very high heat and Cold conductivity is the property, with air cooling (in the evening, at night), condensation very quickly record, and deliver the adjacent lignite and wood particles as water storage. This means that very dry and erosion-damaged areas such. B desert border regions in their soil structure can be recultivated, and thus a further expansion of the desert areas can be contained by greening and planting trees.  

A further embodiment of the invention is specified in claim 2.

Here, 30 g agar / l water are boiled, cooled to 40 degrees Celsius and then through a special process (foam nozzles) with brown coal dust according to protection claim 2 foamed and dried to 15 to 18% water content. Then this substrate brought to a single grain size of 3 to 8 mm in special mills. Now this will Basic component briefly moistened by water atomization, and immediately with beet flour, Chopped straw, stone powder and limestone powder mixed. The finished product now has one Total water content from 20 to 25%. By foaming lignite with the help of agar-agar the substrate is able to store up to 40% more water. Likewise, that in the substrate contained air content increased up to 30%, which is due to the breakdown of organic substances Promotes microorganisms, especially in very nutrient-poor and dry soils.

A structural change in the substrate structure is specified in protection claim 3.

The brown coal with the rock flour and with any, the respective soil and Cultivated seeds pre-mixed. 28 g agar agar / l water boiled, cooled to 40 degrees Celsius and then with the brown coal, rock flour and Foamed seed mixture. After drying down at max. 40 degrees Celsius to 15 to 25% Total water content is mixed in a special grinder to pieces with a size of 5 to 10 mm broken. This basic component is now briefly moistened by water mist and immediately mixed with beet flour, chopped straw and limestone flour. That causes this Add components directly to the prepared, moistened brown coal mixture particles, and stick. The end product now has a total water content of 20 to 25%. A great advantage of this variant is that the single seed with the most important building materials necessary for youth growth is surrounded. This applies to both dry Areas (water retention capacity of lignite), as well as areas heavily damaged by erosion (Glacier slopes, ski slopes, desert marginal regions). In the latter area of application, the substrate Leave it undamaged in the ground or on snow over a long period of time will. Only when there is a natural water supply (snow melt, rain) do the individual Germinate seeds.  

The substrate structure of the invention is explained with reference to drawings 1 and 2. Show it:

Drawing 1: substrate in its basic form,

Drawing 2: substrate with foamed brown coal,

Drawing 3: Lignite dust and rock flour in a foamed form with embedded seeds.

In the drawings, the substrate is shown with its constituents lignite 1 , wood chop 2 , rock flour 3 , limestone flour 4 , as well as wheat straw and beet flour 5 . According to protection claim 2, the drawing 2 shows the lignite core 6 in a foamed form. According to protection claim 3, the drawing 3 shows the mixture of the foamed core 7 made of lignite dust, rock flour and seeds.

Claims (4)

1. Soil additive for the recultivation of biologically and erosion-damaged soils, characterized in that no artificially produced chemical substances (fertilizers) are used.
Only lignite sieves ( 1 ), wood fibers ( 2 ), rock flour ( 3 ), limestone flour ( 4 ), microfine shredded wheat straw ( 5 ) and dried and ground fodder beet slices ( 5 ) are used.
All named raw materials, except wood fibers, are left in their natural condition. The wood fibers to be used are free of tannins through a special process (heating to 120 degrees Celsius during shredding).
The individual components are:

• 25 to 30% by weight of lignite dust or sieving from tertiary raw lignite, particle size 0.002 to 3 mm,
• 25 to 35% by weight of wood fibers, preferably conifers (pine, spruce) and trunk wood of the Eucalyptus globulus or Eucalyptus camaldulensis,
• 30 to 35% by weight of rock powder, preferably basalt rock ground to 0.001 to 0.015 mm,
• - 10 to 20% by weight of natural fertilizer lime, preferably limestone flour (shell lime)

To these premixed components, 1.5 kg of microfine straw chop, preferably of wheat straw, and fodder beet flour are mixed at 50% by weight per m / 3 substrate. 2. Soil additive for the recultivation of soils according to protection claim 1, characterized in that the lignite base material is foamed together with agar-agar ( 6 ). Wood fibers ( 2 ), rock flour ( 3 ), limestone flour ( 4 ), as well as microfine minced wheat straw and fodder beet flour ( 5 ) are mixed into the foamed brown coal after drying. 3. Soil additive for the recultivation of soils according to protection claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the foamed lignite mass in the not yet solidified state any seeds and the rock flour are added ( 7 ). The components of limestone flour, chopped straw, beet flour and wood fibers are added to the foamed mass after drying in accordance with protection claim 2. 4. Soil additive for the recultivation of soils according to protection claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the finished product has the following substance properties:
Component composition:

• 65 to 70% by weight of organic substance,
• 30 to 35% by weight of mineral substance,
• - pH 6.2 to 6.5.

The soluble plant nutrient levels are:

• - 155 to 180 (mg / l) nitrogen - N,
• - 140 to 160 (mg / l) nitrate - N NO 3 - N,
• - 3 to 4.5 (mg / l) ammonium - N NH 4 - N,
• - 450 to 600 (mg / l) potassium - K 2 O,
• - 220 to 275 (mg / l) phosphate - P 2 O 5,
• - 125 to 180 (mg / l) magnesium - mg.

The content of heavy metals, based on the dry mass of the substrate, is:

• - 11.4 to 11.7 mg / kg lead,
• - 0.02 to 0.03 mg / kg cadmium,
• - 12.2 to 14.5 mg / kg chromium,
• - 21.0 to 27.5 mg / kg copper,
• - 16.5 to 22.2 mg / kg nickel,
• - 0.07 to 0.08 mg / kg mercury,
• - 61.8 to 67.2 mg / kg zinc.