DE19706965A1 - Lavatory installation - Google Patents

Abstract

The lavatory including bowl, cistern, valves, etc, has heat insulation to insulate the water contained in all components against the environmental air in heated rooms. The insulation covering/layering consists of material, and is of a dimension, to minimize heat transfer from air to water in all areas, except for open water surfaces. Walls, covers, etc. of all components are partially manufactured from heat-insulating materials, or have hollow chambers, filled with air or having a vacuum. Covering/layering have thin impermeable jackets, filled with gas, and contain lead weights, to prevent the covering floating on water surfaces.

Description

The background of the invention I. The technical field:

The present invention relates to the field of sanitary Plants of water closets, e.g. B. toilet bowls, water rinsing tanks, Urinals, irrigation systems with individual valves: class 4 "baths, Toilets, sinks / sinks, spittoons "of the patent classifications the USA.

II. Description of the previous status:

U.S. Patent Specification No. 3935890 discloses a textile cover for a toilet flush tank, the condensation on the Excludes front wall and on the side walls of the tank. Of the Tank bottom, the back wall and the water in the others Water storage and cavities of the sanitary facility of the Water closets are not isolated.

U.S. Patent Specification No. 5067185 discloses one Toilet bowl protection with a flexible, waterproof Cape.

The use of these patents does not achieve the necessary Thermal insulation of the water stored in a water closet. The required quality and quantity of said thermal insulation said water with heat insulating materials will not specially requested. The known patents suggest the isolation of only some surfaces of the sanitary facility. You beat that Use of ordinary (non-thermal) insulation materials in front. They don't make suggestions for the simplest and cheapest methods and designs for said Water thermal insulation. The known technical solutions beat no other methods to prevent heat transfer from the air in heated rooms on the cold water in the sanitary facility of the water closet is saved.

Humans have used toilets for several centuries. But so far is the huge loss of energy - a few percent of the total energy used by the consumer - and other negative consequences of the lack of thermal insulation of the Water stored in the sanitary facilities of water closets not been noticed. That is why the above have technical solutions found no widespread use.  

Occasionally there is a certain, absolutely inadequate heat insulation been achieved. This was just an accidental by-product solving other tasks. The aim of the proposed invention is a) the heat loss from heated rooms to the cold, in sanitary facilities of water closets stored water which to be used for rinsing and in hydro seals; b) to exclude the strong, cold draft in bathrooms; and c) reduce the quantity of heaters in bathrooms.

III. Description of the test experiments:

An experiment conducted in Syracuse, N.Y. USA ran in February 1996, showed the quantity of heat loss from the air of the heated Room to the water stored in the water closet system.

Curve 1 in Fig. 1 illustrates an increase in the temperature of the water stored in a "Standard" ceramic sink in an apartment. The water volume was: 16500 ml in the rinse tank; about 2000 ml in the toilet bowl; a total of 18500 ml (18.5 kg). The ambient air temperature was between 23 ° and 24 ° C (see curve 2 ) throughout the experiment.

In Fig. 1 the measurement data are entered in the points of the drawing. The water in the rinse tank was carefully mixed with a thin wooden stirrer before each measurement. The water temperature rose from 3 ° C to 17 ° C in 7 hours.

If one assumes 16 rinses per day at one-hour intervals with an eight-hour break during the night, you can see in Fig. 1 that the water temperature rises 3.35 degrees C in one hour, 15.0 degrees C in 8 hours between every 2 rinses .

The heat capacity of the water corresponds to 4.19 kJ / kg.C.

The heat loss q per day corresponds to:
q = 4.19.18.5. (3.35.15 + 15) = 5.058 kJ / day.

Assuming the room is heated for 180 days a year, corresponds to the quantity of heat loss Q from a toilet Q = 910,414 kJ / year.

The price for every kilowatt hour in New York State in winter 1995/96 was 10.6 cents. The bill Ch for 910,414 kJ of energy amounts to: Ch = 0.106.910.414/3600 = 24.80 dollars. Certain types of Toilets store limited water volumes. However smaller masses of water are heated faster by the ambient air.

The stored water should not be confused with the water  what is used per rinse. Usually the volume of the stored water larger. That in the bodies of Flushing systems with individual valves will save stored water heated particularly quickly. Usually these bodies are out Metal and have increased thermal conductivity and relative high ratio of the heat transfer surface to that  Water volume. These toilets and urinals with individual Valves are in public buildings, where they are more common than in Private apartments can be used.

The present invention proposes simple technical solutions which reduce the heat loss 90% to 95% and an immediate have an economic effect.

Summary of the invention

The present invention proposes:
to use the best thermal insulation between the water stored in the sanitary facilities of water closets and the ambient air of heated rooms where this facility is installed;
to produce the wall thickness of said system at least partially from heat-insulating materials;
to insulate this system from inside or outside with thermal insulation pads or sleeves. Different construction variants of said supports or covers are proposed in order to minimize the heat transfer from the ambient air to the stored water;
minimize the volume of water stored;
to manufacture the sanitary facility with the highest index value, which corresponds to the ratio of the volume of water stored to the total surface area of the walls which seal said water from the heated air in the area.

Description of the drawings

Fig. 1 gives an example of the temperature changes of the water that is stored in a toilet flush tank.

Fig. 2 shows a toilet and a rinsing tank.

Fig. 3 shows a toilet and the body of an individual valve in a flushing system.

Fig. 4 shows a cross section of the wall of a ceramic toilet bowl.

Fig. 5 shows the cross-section of a rinsing tank that contains heat insulation pads (or heat-insulating sleeves) on its inner surfaces.

Fig. 6 shows part of the washing tank (see Fig. 5) on a larger scale.

Fig. 7 shows in the diagram a toilet bowl and the water-storing water closet tank (or rinsing tank), which contain heat insulation pads (or covers) on their outer surfaces.

Fig. 8 shows the sanitary facilities of a typical bathroom.

Fig. 9-14 show in the diagram the free, convective movement of air and temperature patterns in a bathroom: before the thermal insulation of the sanitary facilities - Fig. 9-11, and after the application of the thermal insulation - Fig. 12-14.

Fig. 9, 10, 11, 13 show the free convective air movement when the shower is turned off.

Fig. 11, 14 show the free convective air movement when the shower is turned on.

Reference list

1

Temperature of the stored water

2nd

Ambient air temperature

3rd

Toilet bowl

4th

Waterproofing

5

Rinse tank

6

Rinsing tank walls

7

Rinse tank floor

8th

Rinse tank cap

9

Volume of water stored in the cavity of the bowl

10th

Volume of water stored in the wash tank

11

Body of an individual valve of a flushing system

12th

Cap of the individual valve body

13

Outside surface of the toilet bowl

14

Inner surface of the toilet bowl

15

Water supply and drainage channels

16

Cavities in the toilet bowl wall that are filled with air or under vacuum

17th

Thermal insulation pads (or covers) that insulate the inner surfaces of the sink

18th

A fine, impermeable envelope filled with gas (air)

19th

printing plate

20th

Plumb bobbins

21

Storage water closet tank

22

Outer shell

23

Thermal insulation pad or cover

24th

Water pipes

25th

support

26

room

27

Fasteners

28

cover

29

Seat

30th

Scope

31

Volume of water that is minimally sufficient and necessary for a rinse

32

bathroom

33

door

34

sink

35

Radiator

36

bathtub

37

shower
T1, T2 temperature in room 1 and room 2

Description of the preferred body shape

The presented invention proposes a new method of Reduced heat loss from heated rooms. This method includes the thermal insulation of everyone in sanitary facilities volume of water stored in water closets.

Fig. 2 shows: a toilet bowl 3 , including a hydraulic seal 4 and a rinsing tank (water storage) 5 with walls 6 , a bottom 7 and a lid 8 ; Also shown are the volumes of water stored in the cavity and the hydro seal 9 and in the rinse tank 10 .

Fig. 3 shows: a toilet bowl 3 and the body 11 of a flushing system with an individual valve with a cap 12 . According to the present invention, the following should be thermally insulated: the walls 6 , the bottom 7 of the tank 5 , the hydraulic seal 4 , the walls of the shell 3 , the body 11 and the cap 12 which stored this in these types of sanitary water closets Seal water from the heated ambient air in the room. According to this invention, all of the above-mentioned components and parts of this installation must be made of heat-insulating materials or they must contain heat-insulation layers. These technical solutions are new. In all of these cases, materials and dimensions of the thermal insulation pad must be chosen according to the conditions of minimizing heat transfer from said air to said water. Everywhere, except on the open surfaces of this water. In practice, the possibilities of minimizing heat transfer are limited by the parameter values which influence said heat transfer under the operating conditions of each individual system unit and which differ from the average values of said parameters which are set for this system model.

Fig. 4 shows water supply and drainage channels 15 in the toilet bowl wall. The channels channel water into and out of the bowl. The cavities in the shell wall are also shown. These cavities are filled with air or are under vacuum and give low thermal conductivity between the outer 13 and the inner surface 14 of the toilet bowl. This is also a new technical solution. The shapes and dimensions of these cavities are usually chosen according to the conditions of necessity and appropriateness in order to switch off any convective air (gas) flow. From the scientific literature (see e.g. the Russian text:

it is well known that said conditions are met when the complex value Gr.Pr (1,000, where Gr and Pr Grashof and Prantl die Numbers for the appropriate cavity are those for the specific one Size, namely the thickness of this cavity, and for the average air temperature in the cavity has been calculated are.

The proposal, the inner surfaces of the sanitary facility from Insulating water closets is an original idea.

Fig. 5 shows a washing tank 5 , on the inner surfaces of which thermal insulation pads are attached. These pads are made of heat insulating materials and are spaced apart from the inner or outer surfaces of the sink or other insulated sanitary facilities as necessary to shut off any convective flow of water or air in the gaps between the surfaces and the pads . These distances are usually less than 0.5-1 mm. The use of the inflexible thermal insulation pads, especially if they are loosely attached to the insulated walls that have rough internal surfaces, will often be cheaper. The thermal insulation pads are covered with waterproof materials when necessary to protect them from moisture which increases their thermal conductivity.

Instead of the heat insulation layers, sleeves which are made of heat-insulating materials can be used (see Fig. 5 and also Fig. 7, reference titles 22 , 23 ). The covers that insulate the inner surfaces of the sanitary facility must have impermeable envelopes. For the first time, this invention proposes new types of air-filled covers for sanitary facilities. They are very simple and inexpensive. Fig. 6 shows such gas (air) filled envelopes 18 . The gas pressure in these envelopes must prevent any contact between the opposing envelope surfaces even under the highest water pressure in the wash tank. The insulating sleeves are pressed against the tank surfaces and fasteners, e.g. B. with a sticky coating 27 (see Fig. 5), pressure plates 19 (see Fig. 6), etc. attached to it.

Fig. 6 shows lead countersinks 20 which press the sleeves against the wash tank walls. These lead countersinks can be in the envelopes of the sleeves or outside. The weight of the lead countersinks must exceed the hydraulic driving force in the sleeves. This prevents the casings from floating up in the water. The sleeves 22 , 23 (see Fig. 7), which thermally insulate the outer surfaces of the sanitary facilities 3 , 5 , are usually removable and flexible. They are made of heat insulating materials, e.g. B. made of foam rubber, and at least the inner envelopes must be made of moisture-proof material. The outer envelopes should normally be covered with a peelable material. They are made so that they have at least one drain hole in the bottom of each shell to drain water that has inadvertently entered. The sleeves are pressed against the surfaces to be insulated and attached to them with fasteners, sticky coverings, fabric or rubber bands, zippers etc. The sleeves that insulate the exterior surfaces of the sanitary facility may have impervious envelopes that are filled with air, preventing any contact between the opposing surfaces. These sleeves look like sleeves 18 as shown in Fig. 6. The heat-insulating sleeves, which have envelopes shaped like the inner or outer surfaces of the sanitary facility, can also be pressed against said facility surfaces by the pressure of the gas (air) with which the envelope (s) are filled is (are).

Fig. 3 shows a toilet bowl 3 with a seat 29 and toilet cover 28 . This seat and toilet lid should be placed on the toilet bowl with the least clearance (usually 0.5-1 mm), which is necessary to prevent free convective airflow through the clearance. This prevents the ambient air from entering the bowl and reduces the heating of the water in the bowl by the air.

The present invention for the first time proposes several others Methods suggest heat transfer from the ambient air heated rooms towards the water stored in sanitary facilities to reduce.

Sanitary facilities of water closets, as they are now manufactured, generally store more water than is necessary for flushing (compare water quantities 10 and 31 in Fig. 2). According to this invention, the volume of water stored in sanitary facilities should be minimal, but sufficient for the normal functioning of said facility, and should not be greater than is necessary for one flush.

The heat loss from heated rooms decreases when the Reduced heat transfer surfaces of the sanitary facility will. According to this invention, the water reservoirs and Cavities of the sanitary facility as the body with the highest number of  defined index. This index is the ratio of the Volume of water stored for rinsing and in hydro seals is, to the total surface of their walls, the said water Block off the ambient air from heated rooms. These bodies could be shaped as spheres, for example.

The heat loss from heated rooms decreases when the ambient air temperature is low. The sanitation of water closets, such as. B. rinse tanks, storage water closet tanks 21 (see Fig. 7) should be placed in a cooler zone of the heated room or in such a zone in the adjacent room 26 where the air temperature T is lower: T2 <T1 ( Fig. 7) , but not lower than the air temperature at which the water stored in the sanitary facility freezes. Said system includes a conduit pipe which guides the flushing water from the tank into the toilet bowl and a remote control device for triggering the water flow.

It was said above that the heat transfer from the Ambient air on the water stored in sanitary facilities should be as close to the minimum as possible, anywhere except on the open surfaces of this water. That means that Minimum heat transfer is sought within the limits of deviations based on the value parameters, which said plant under conditions of use of any concrete Affect investment unit, and which of the averages said parameters, which are set for this system model, differ. This is because usually the thermal insulation for all units of a specific investment model are the same. The Thermal insulation is developed and manufactured in factories installed in the plant in the factory, or wherever this system is used. But the conditions of using this Plant vary. They depend on the shape and size of the Water closets, on the shape, size and location of the heat and Sources of cold, etc. The temperature of the stored water is also different under different conditions of use this facility. It depends on the climate, the weather conditions Depth of underground storage of water supply pipes, the Thermal insulation of these tubes etc.

As a rule, heat insulators are spongy materials or powder. Their thermo-physical properties depend on the density of the Filling, temperature, humidity and other variables.

The above factors affect the heat transfer from the ambient air to the stored water and limit the Thermal insulation capabilities. But we have to be the best Create isolation.

Of course, the heat transfer value closest to the minimum can be achieved by the use of special thermo-insulating materials  can be achieved. Thermal insulators are usually materials which have a thermal conductivity value of 0.25 Wt / m.C or less to have. It is axiomatic that the degree of thermal insulation from sanitary facilities of water closets the best within the limits must be of economic expediency. That means that the additional economic effect that is the result of further Reduction of heat transfer from the ambient air to the in plumbing is stored water, represent savings must, the increased costs in the manufacture of said systems surpass.

Usually the best results are obtained through direct isolation of the water stored in said systems of theirs Ceramic surfaces according to the methods and described above Executions achieved. This thermal insulation has the most compact Sizes and is cheapest. Aesthetic considerations are of of little importance. Said thermal insulation cannot be easy be damaged by the user. It can be easily attached be removed and replaced. All ceramic surfaces of this system stay warm. This contributes to the health of the user. It also reduces that caused by temperature differences Breaking or splitting. In all cases, moisture condensation stops on the heat-insulated surfaces of the sanitary facility on. The thermal insulation of this system allows the reduction in Quantity of heat donors in water closet rooms, such as radiators, Hot water or steam pipes with enlarged surfaces to the Warm floors, walls, bathtubs, etc.

Under these conditions, the air temperature does not drop, but in many cases rises near the toilet, the washbasin and in the shower room where the user undresses. At present, free, convective air currents circulate around the contours and thus connect the heat donors with the sanitary system of the water closet, which absorbs and uses heat. The zone mentioned above does not get enough warm air (see Fig. 8-10). In addition, when you turn on a hot shower, cold, convective air currents emanate from the very cold toilet surfaces. This cold air, which is warmed a little by the ambient air, moves to the hot shower water, where the tightness of the warm air is lower ( Fig. 11). This causes strong cold air currents. This factor is uncomfortable and contributes to the fact that people, especially children, catch a cold. Most people are aware of how cold bathrooms feel in winter and how strong the cold drafts are when you take a shower.

With the thermal insulation of sanitary facilities ( Fig. 12-14), the convective air flows in water closet rooms are not so cold because the low temperature source - cold toilets - disappear. Said currents are not as strong because the temperature difference between the heated and the cold objects in water closet rooms is not as great as it is now. It is certain that maintaining human health is another, if not the most important, consequence of this invention.

A very important economic result is achieved (see the description of the test experiments) because an essential one Quantity of energy whose production is negative ecological Can have effects that need not be generated. This Energy needs the consumer, who only needs the toilet would wash down without the positive benefit as To get thermal energy, not to be delivered at all.

The greatest energy loss takes place in the seasons when Energy due to the cold weather and short daylight hours in particularly strong is required. In many countries Energy so scarce that it has to be rationed and factories must be closed temporarily and households only get energy by the hour.

There are also other economic advantages, which the presented invention creates.

For centuries, people have used toilets, however so far the negative consequences of the lack are on Toilet isolation has not been noticed.

Claims (16)

1. The sanitation of water closets, for. B. toilet bowls, Water rinsing tanks, urinals, individual valves of a rinsing system, including thermal insulation pad (s) covering the stored Water in the water reservoirs, cavities, water valves of these Systems seals (seal) against the ambient air of heated Rooms with the said thermal insulation pad (s) or Envelope (s) made of materials and in dimensions, which transfer heat from said air to said Minimize water everywhere, except usually at the open ones Surfaces of this water, within the margin of error, on the Values of the parameters is based on what said heat transfer under influence the working conditions of each specific investment apparatus, the parameters of the mean values said for the relevant individual plant are set, differ, and also within the limits of economic utility. 2. The plant of claim 1 including the walls, floors, Caps (lids) made from material (s) that at least part of its thickness said thermal insulation pad (s) or has covers. 3. The system of claim 1 including the thermal insulation requirements, which are attached to the walls, floors, caps (lids), and which are shaped as cavities filled with air or to be under vacuum. 4. The plant of claim 3 including the cavities that in Dimensions are made, which according to the conditions of Necessity and appropriateness are chosen to any exclude convective air movement in them: Gr.Pr <1000, where Gr, Pr, Grashof and Prandtl numbers for the appropriate Cavity are for the special size, namely the thickness of this cavity, and for the average air temperature inside of the cavity are calculated. 5. The system of claim 1 including the thermal insulation pads or sleeves made of (a) heat-insulating Material (ien) are made, and at such a distance from the inner or outer surfaces of the heat-insulated system are attached as is necessary to any convective Movement of water or air in the spaces between to exclude said surfaces and the insulation requirements,  mostly distances between 0 and 0.5 mm. 6. The system of claim 5 including the insulation requirements or envelopes that have a waterproof envelope on their surface to have. 7. The system of claim 1 including the insulation pad (s) or sleeve (s) made of a heat insulating material is made and the inner and outer surfaces of these System thermally insulated (-insulate). 8. The plant of claim 7 including the Thermal insulation pad (s) covering the inner surfaces of these Furniture thermally insulated (insulated) and (a) fine (n) gas-tight and impermeable, filled with gas (air) Envelope (s) has, which is under pressure, the the highest water pressure against the envelope (the envelopes) surpasses. 9. The system of claim 8 including plumb bobbins the lower parts of the thermal insulation pads, the weight of which hydraulic driving force in the thermal insulation pads and prevents them from swimming upwards. 10. The attachment of claim 7 including the removable, in usually flexible shell (s) covering the outer surfaces of this Insulate the system, for which at least the inner envelopes are made are made of a moisture-proof material and have at least one drain hole at the bottom of each envelope. 11. The attachment of claim 7 including the removable, the outer surfaces of this system heat-insulating cover (s), which (a) waterproof, impermeable envelope (s) Has (have) envelopes that are filled with gas (air) (are) what any contact between the two facing each other surfaces of the envelope located. 12. The system of claim 7 including the parts to the Thermal insulation pad (s) or cover (s) against the surfaces that are to be insulated, pressed and fastened to it, e.g. B. Fastener or a sticky layer on the Thermal insulation pad (s) or cover (s) or on the surfaces. 13. The system of claim 1 including the toilet seat and lids on the surface of the toilet with the least Scope are appropriate, e.g. B. 0-1 mm, which is necessary to  to prevent convective air movement through these margins. 14. The sanitation of water closets, for. B. toilet bowls, Water rinsing tanks, urinals, rinsing systems with individual valves, located in heated rooms, including Water reservoirs, cavities and hydro seals, which the store minimal volume of water, which is normal Operation of said system is sufficient, and is not greater than rinsing once is needed. 15. The sanitation of water closets, e.g. B. toilet bowls, water rinsing tanks, urinals, flushing systems with individual valves located in heated rooms, including Water reservoirs, and cavities that have body shapes have the highest index in the ratio of water volume that is stored for flushing or in hydro seals to the total surface of their walls, which said Seal water from the ambient air in heated rooms if they z. B. are shaped as balls. 16. The sanitation of water closets, for. B. water rinse tanks including water reservoirs, and cavities that contain water for rinsing save which are in a zone of the heated room, for which the sanitary facility serves, or in such a zone in the Neighboring room where the temperature of the ambient air is lowest, but not below the temperature of said air at which that Water stored in the sanitary facility freezes; the said sanitary facility including a pipe to the To flush water from the tank into the toilet, and one Remote control device to let this water flow out.