DE1966389A1 - Toner for electrophotographic processes - Google Patents

Description

"Toner for electrophotographic processes"

The invention relates to toners for electrophotographic / experienced with which one on one to be used repeatedly photosensitive element generated toner image on a Image carrier material is transferred, containing at least one carrier resin and at least * 3in coloring agent.

Known electrostatic image toners are made by blending pigments such as dyes and / or carbon black into various natural or synthetic resins and including bare cores into a fine powder. JSs was Jf-iio'ih ö ^f "-hwjfirig, toner only superior electrostatic Eijren; .- · .- ,. if / ten, image, and transfer gur ^ reiji-eaaf.

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1Q9838 / Ü925

BATH ORIGINAL

It has recently become common practice in practice become permanent visible images on a flexible one To produce material by using an electrostatic, photosensitive plate or an electrostatic recording plate on the mentioned flexible material such as paper, cloth, metal sheet and the like., transmits. Unlike when the permanent visible image is directly on an electrostatic, light-sensitive Disk or an electrostatic recording disk are produced during manufacture from permanent visible images by transferring a toner image onto a flexible transfer material Methods such as the electrostatic transfer method, the roll transfer method and the like., Applied, however it is difficult to transfer the toner image completely and these methods suffer from numerous disadvantages, as shown below.

First, there is a complex problem regarding that Cleaning of the photosensitive member or recording member. To namely the photosensitive material or To be able to reuse recording material, it must be "- * usually after the transfer of the toner image from remaining ones Toner residues are cleaned, and this work gong complicates the structure of the device used and leads to a loss due to the excess force applied to the photosensitive material in cleaning photosensitive material or record

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Second, the copy or Eeprοduktionsapparat is finally of a contaminated disposed therein photosensitive material or recording material with scattered at Eeinigen toner.

Third, the cost of copying or reproducing increases, when the loss of used toner in cleaning is great because the toners are very expensive.

Accordingly, it is desirable that the toner be superior Possesses transmission properties} if that is permanent visible image is created by transferring it to a transfer material. . . ·

From the above points of view, the physical ' Properties and chemical composition of develop- lung toners with respect to the above electrostatic and Transfer properties investigated, with superior toners for electrostatic images found to be excellent Have electrostatic properties and transmission properties.

The object of the invention is to provide a toner for electrostatic To create images with your an intense even positive or negative charge is obtained on all particles when used with a carrier, so "that he excellent pictures with no veil on the negative or provides a positive electrostatic image, from which after the -

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Transfer of the toner image formed on a photosensitive material or a recording material little remains, i.e. a toner that is good

Possesses transfer properties and cleaning properties, as well as to provide a toner with which the transfer of the on a photosensitive material or Recording material formed toner image carried out uniformly and a uniform image as well as a good one Development can be obtained that is particularly economical is and in particular only too low when it is used Contamination of the copier or copier apparatus and low toner loss.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by a toner initially identified, which is characterized in that it ..

a) as carrier resin (s) at least one polystyrene resin and / or at least one acrylic resin and / or at least one epoxy resin and / or at least one polyester resin and / or at least one polyamide resin and carrier resin (s) on 100 ropes

b) 100 to 500 parts of at least one improvement agent the transferability, namely at least one polymer from p-füenylphenol and formaldehyde and / or at least one terpene resin and / or at least one xylene-poriaaldehyde resin and / or

209838 / Q82E

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* xf at least one straight-chain hydrocarbon ofX-harses and / or at least one ß-fine polymer and / or at least one polyvinyl isobutyl ether., resin and / or rosin and / or at least one rosin derivative and / or at least one Coumarone resin and / or at least one gumarone indole resin and / or at least one naphthenic oil and / or at least one thermoplastic, ^

alkyl aromatic resin, as well as, based on the weight of the agent (s) for improving the Portability. '

c) 10 to 50 wt -.% of at least one aggregation inhibitor, namely at least a vinyl toluene-acrylate-Gopolymerisats and / or at least one polyvinyl butyral and / or at least one j onn-?

separating oil, in particular a fluorinated oil of the type sold under the trade name "DIi ¹ LOIL" and / or butyl stearate and / or methyl hydroxyl stearate and / or stearyl alcohol and / or. Xethylene glycol and / or stearamide, and / or at least one stearamide derivative and / or at least one. Bisamidschinieremittel and / or Oxyste ar insäur eäthy- \ ■ '■ lendiamide and / or methylolamide and / or oleitamide and / or erucylamide and / or at least one amide of an aromatic fatty acid and / or at least one amide compound and / or at least one derived from lauric acid aliphatic ketone and / or at least one, ¹ = Atiinii and / or at least one PltOaphoraäureeatergemisches and / or iniMe-, aiii) a sodium alk'ylsuii'afcfi- uiid / or m

BADORiGlNAL

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a polyethylene glycol and / or at least one polyoxypropylene glycol monoether and / or at least contains a low molecular weight polyethylene.

The "accompanying drawing is a diagranim for explanatory purposes of the invention a relationship between a photosensitive Plate, a transfer fabric and the toner transfer process illustrated.

The features of the invention are illustrated in detail as follows:

In the drawing, 1 denotes an electrostatic photosensitive plate or an electrostatic recording plate and 2 a on the plate 1 by an electrostatic Toner image formed by toner. 3 is a flexible transmission material, on which the finished image is generated. When transferring material from a light-sensitive Disc or a recording disc on a flexible transfer material are three factors as follows to consider:

1) The (electrical or physical) adhesive force between electrostatic image toners and the surface of a photosensitive plate or a recording plate

2) The mutual aggregation force between the toner particles

2 0 * 1333/002 5

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5) The density (intensity) of the electrostatic Image toner applied or applied electrical transfer field ~

So far, when the transfer has been through an electrostatic transfer process or a waiz transfer process was carried out, the transmission was effected by f, against f-. Therefore, as illustrated by FIG. 2 in the drawing, the electrostatic image toner is one of several Particle layers form existing toner image, and since the Image toner particles not necessarily / uniform Have grain size that depends on the individual, the toner image ■ force acting on the forming particles f. each different big and there can only be those particles that are in one transferable state, are preferably transferred to a transfer material. '.

It has therefore been made in order to overcome the above drawbacks or to eliminate, various aggregation accelerators identified and investigated in order to through effective exploitation of f ~ <* ie to improve transmission properties, whereby It has been found that certain aggregation accelerators can be used to enhance the transmission properties to enhance. It has been found that the transmission properties can be considerably improved by that an aggregation accelerator is incorporated into the developing toners.

2090387092S

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Furthermore, it was found that by the friction between the cleaning agent and the photosensitive part or When cleaning the recording material, frictional heat caused adhesion of the toner to the photosensitive will be released or recording material through the use of a Material can be avoided, which improves the softening properties of toners in the heat and the aggregation the toner prevents (aggregation inhibitor).

For the purposes of the invention, the term means “means for improvement of transferability "a resinous substance that imparts a viscous property to the image toner particles and is selected from the aggregation accelerators and when it is mixed with the toners whose melting point is in a range of about 90 to 110 ° C or maintains and gives them suitable viscosity properties.

Suitable substances for this purpose are, as already mentioned, polymers made from p-phenylphenol and formaldehyde, terpene resins, Xylene formaldehyde resins, straight-chain hydrocarbon resins, ß-pinene polymers, polyvinyl isobutyl ether resins, coumarone indene Resins, coumarone resins, naphthenic oils, pheno-formaldehyde. · hydresins, terpene-phenolic resins, thermoplastic alkylaromatic ones Resins, p-tert-butylphenol acetylene resins, tree resin (Kolcphonlum) pentaerythrityl ester, the tree resin (rosin) esters of glycerine, hydrogenated tree resin (rosin), Mettyl ester of hydrogenated tree resin (rosin), triethylene glycol ester of hydrogenated tree resin (J £ olophonium), Pentaerythritol ester of hydrogenated tree resin (corophonium), hydrogenated rosin eoter, emulsions of

20B838 / 0925 ^ W ^{;; V} BADORiGlMAL

hydrogenated tree resin rosin esters, ester resins, glycerol esters of polymerized tree resin (rosin), ■ " Zinc salts of resin acids, tree resin (rosin), mixtures from rosin ester and process oil, mixtures of resin acid and amines and resin strips, terpene-resin acid mixtures and the like. '

According to the invention, the above compounds and " Mixtures thereof used as a means to improve transferability.

Non-sticky substances that improve the thermal softening properties are used as aggregation inhibitors, and prevent the aggregation of the toner.

For this purpose, as already mentioned, one can, for example use the following substances:

Vinyltoluene-butadiene copolymers, vinyltoluene-acrylic acid ester copolymers, Polyvinyl butyral, mold release oil (e.g. a fluorinated oil such as DIFLOIL oil, trade name), stearic acid ebutyle st he, methyl hydroxystearate, stearyl alcohol, · ■ Ethyl glycol, stear amide, stear, amide derivatives, bisamide-type lubricants, OXystearic acid ethylenediamide, methylolamide, Oleyl amide, erucic acid amide, fatty acid amide, amide compounds, a symmetrical aliphatic ketone derived from lauric acid, peracid derivatives, amines, mixtures of Phosphate esters, sodium alkyl sulfate, polyethylene glycol, Polyoxypropylene glycol, monoether, low molecular weight

209838/0925 '.''.

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1066389

Polyethylene etc ..

The well-known resins are used as the carrier resin ;, have high electrical insulation properties, superior powder properties and melting points of around 100 ° C. In particular, resins can be used that have already been used in developer toners, such as styrene resins, acrylic resins, Polyamide resins, epoxy resins, polyester resins, melamine resins and the like. "

Colorants or dyes can be used for the toners organic or inorganic pigments and various dyes are used, such as those used for one suitable polarity of the toner particles, iia reference to the at Supports used for developing electrostatic latent images care for.

The amount of agent (s) for improving transferability is preferably 100 to 500 parts per 100 parts of carrier resin and the amount of aggregation inhibitor (s) is less than 50% by weight, preferably 10 to 30% by weight, in particular about 20% by weight . -% of funds to improve transferability

The following example shows the transmission characteristics and cleaning properties of developing toners those made of polystyrene as a carrier resin and dye and / or Pig__ment and / or means to improve transferability and / or aggregation inhibitor ".

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1986389

4 -
Developer-toner mixtures
(without dyes)) 1 Polystyrene, transfer a—
gungsei—
genealogical
ten ■ · Clean
gearing
own
sheep-
th Mixture i
x ^T er
ratio 2 Polystyrene +
Polyterpene X χ 100 3 Polystyrene
Polyterpene
Yinyltoluene-Butadiene Copolymer Δ Δ 2
■ 7 4th Polystyrene
modified with natural resin
Maleic Acid Ar Q O 2
7th
1 Polystyrene
modified with natural resin
Maleic Acid Ar
Polyvinyl butyral - * Δ Δ 2
4th 6th Polystyrene '
p-phenylphenol-iOrmaldeliyd resin O Q 2; *.
4th
1 7th Polystyrene
p-phenylphenol formaldehyde resin
Vinyl toluene acrylic acid ester
Copolymer Δ Δ 2
4th O O 2
4th

O ....... very good

Well

χ .. »<. not good

203838/0925 BAD

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Toners according to the invention for electrostatic images have the following advantages:.

1) This achieves a moderate loading of carriers, such as Iron powder or natural fur (natural fur) and gets superior haze-free print images. ·

2) The toner image produced after the transfer of the photosensitive * material or recording material The amount of toner remaining is very small. I.e. . the transmission efficiency is very high »

3) Since the transmission efficiency is very high, "is the Cleaning jnacb of the transfer when repeated Use of a photosensitive material or a Αμίζβαοηηιιη29ΐηβΐβΓΐ3ΐ8 very easily, and therefore the by that Some loss of light-sensitive material or recording material caused by very little ·

4) Because that's on a photosensitive material or a Toner image formed on recording material can be transferred evenly "is the uniformity and resolution the pictures received are very good.

5) The contamination of the copier or Eeprodiizierapparate used with toner and the loss of image toner is very low, making this process very economical is, ' -

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6) As the developer toners have very good grinding properties have and the melting point is about 100 ° C, the fixing or hardening properties are after Developing very well.

example 1

Polystyrene (Piccolastic D-125, 52 parts Esso Standard Co .;

Gumaron-Indole Resin (CoumaronVM, 40 parts : Fuji Seiteten Co.) ·

Vinyl toluene-butadiene copolymer resin 8 parts (Pliolite VT, Good ^ year Tire Co.)

Dye (Qrasol Black P, Ciba Co.) 2 parts Euss (No. 100, Mitsubishi Kasei Co.) 6 parts

The above ingredients are mixed and mixed with a Roller mill heat-treated, after cooling with a grinding machine ground to a particle size of about 12 ρ (average particle diameter).

A positive electrostatic latent image formed by a known electrophotographic process is developed using this toner with natural fur, whereby you get a very clear toner image without Veil receives. This image is transferred to cloth using the degree of transfer

Weight of the transferred toner image ^ _{ηη 0} , \ Total weight of the toner image on the, ^{u / 0} ' ' photosensitive plate

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1968389

"is determined. A transfer efficiency of 83% is found, while, for comparison, when using a corresponding toner to which no aggregation inhibitors '" - are added, only a transfer efficiency of 60 -tyt-' · -

achieved. '

Example 2 "".

Polyester (Ester resin No. 20, Toyo Boseki Co.) 28 parts

Natural resin modified shark acid resin 60 parts (Beckacite No. 1111, Handel's record,. Dainippon Iak formerly Co.)

Polyvinyl butyral resin (Eslec Bi-I, trade name, Sekisui Chesu Co.). 12 parts

Dye (Zapon East Black B, Badische

Aniline and Soda Factories Co.) 2 parts

Buss (No. 100, Hitsubishi Kasei Co.) 6 parts.

The above ingredients are mixed and treated overnight in a roller mixer, whereupon the mixture is mixed by fusing and allowed to solidify after cooling. The blocks obtained are first coarsely comminuted in a crusher and then finely ground overnight in a ball mill . from the resulting fine powder is sieved, a toner for electrostatic Bilder.mit an average particle size of 8 15 and this toner powder is mixed with 3 wt .-% iron powder with a particle size of 200-300 mesh to -. * 'a developing agent mixed; * whereupon all toners are evenly charged negatively.This developer powder is used to develop a positive electrostatic

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1A663S9

latent image is used * / with a very clear, haze-free toner image * This image is transferred to paper and the transfer efficiency is determined, which is 84 % , while for comparison the transfer efficiency when using a corresponding toner powder to which no aggregation inhibitor is added , is only 52 % .

Pas light-sensitive material or "recording material can easily get off after the toner image is transferred remaining developer powder can be cleaned by it is simply brought into contact with velvet.

Example $

Polystyrene (EDPL, Coppers Co.) 28 parts

p-phenylphenol-formaldehyde resin

(PP-811, Gunei Chem * Co.) 60 parts

Vinyl toluene acrylic acid ester gopolyffieres 12 parts (Pliolite VTAC, Good Year Co.)

Dye (Orasol Black P, Ciba Go.) 2 parts Huss (No. 100 Mitsubishi Easei Co.) 5 parts' *

Analogously to Example 1, a is made from the above constituents Toner powder with an average particle size of 10 u made, using this developer toner a positive electrostatic latent image with Haturfurz in a manner known per se is electro-photographic

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developed, whereby a very clear, fog-free toner image is obtained. This image is transferred onto a paper sheet, thereby determines the transmission efficiency, the · _M amounts to 86%, while comparatively using a corresponding toner "where no aggregation inhibitors eye set zt siriid, a transmission efficiency is achieved by only 64%. The photosensitive material or recording material can easily be cleaned of residual developing powder after the transfer of the toner image by simply bringing it into contact with an uneven velvet cloth (stool).

Example 4

Polystyrene (Dialex HF-7 ?, trade name, 16 parts Mitsubishi Monsanto Co.)

ß-pinene polymer resin

(YS resin P- No. 100, Yasuhara Oil Co.) 70 parts

Vinyl toluene butadiene copolymer resin 14 parts

(Pliolite S-5D, Good Year Co.)

Dye (Orasol Black P, Ciba Co.) 2 parts

Carbon black (No. 100, Mitsubishi Kasei Co.) 5 parts

The above components are used analogously to Example 1 a toner powder with an average particle size = made by 8 u. Using this developer toner creates a positive electrostatic latent image with iron powder, of a particle size of 200-300 mesh in developed electrophotographically in a known manner, a very clear, haze-free powder image is obtained.

.209838 / 0-825 bad original

This image is transferred to an aluminum foil and the transfer efficiency is determined, which is 82% , while the transfer efficiency when using a corresponding toner to which no aggregation inhibitors are added is only ^ A-% .

The photosensitive material or recording material can after the transfer of the toner image of the remaining Developer powder can be easily cleaned by just touching it with uneven velvet (stool) in contact ". ·

Example 5

Polyacrylic acid resin (Acrypet, Fudo Chem. Co.) 28 parts p-Phenylphenol resin (PP-811, Gunei Chem. Co.) 60 parts of vinyl toluene-acrylic acid ester copolymer

(Pliolite VTAC, GoodYear Co.) 12 parts

Dye (Spirit Higrosin) 2 parts

Carbon black (No. 100, Mitsubishi Kasei Co.) 5 parts

The above components are used analogously to Example 1 a toner powder with an average particle - · * size of 10 ρ. Using this developing toner, a negative electrostatic latent Image with an iron powder carrier after a well-known one developed electrophotographic process, one being a Obtains a very clear, haze-free powder image. . :

This powder image is transferred to a sheet of paper and the

20983870925

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19663S9

Transmission efficiency determined, which is 84% ?, ... ,, .. while he comparatively when using a corresponding Toner for electrostatic images, however contains no aggregation inhibitors, is only 60%.

The photosensitive material or recording material can easily be cleaned of developer powder still adhering after the transfer by only wiping it with un- brings even velvet (stool) into contact.

Example 6

Polystyrene (Dialex HE ¹ - ??. Mitsubishi 16 parts Monsanto Co.)

ß-pinene polymer resin (XS resin P

No. 100, Xasuhara Oil Co.) 70 parts

Vinyl toluene-butadiene copolymer resin 14 parts

(Pliolitre S-5B, Good Year Co.)

Dye (Spirit Higrosin). 2 parts

Euss (No. 100, Misubishi Easel Co.) 6 parts

The above components are used analogously to Example 1 a developing powder having an average particle size of 10 µ was prepared. .

Using this toner for electrostatic images becomes a negative electrostatic latent image with an iron powder carrier according to the known electrophotographic Process developed, with Jasn a very clear, A veil-free BiM receives. This powder image is on a

2Q9838 / 092S

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Sheet of paper? transferred and in the process the degree of effectivity determined to be 83 % , while it is only 63 % when using the same toner without the addition of an aggregation inhibitor. The light-sensitive material or recording material can easily be cleaned of remaining developer powder by only bringing it into contact with velvet.

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Claims (5)

1966.38? ρ 2740 Ι-50 / Μ1 "" 2.2.197? P 'a t e nt a η s ρ r ü c h e for electrophotographic processes in which a toner image formed on a photosensitive member to be used repeatedly on an image carrier material is transferred, containing at least one carrier resin and at least one colorant, d a.-by marked that he a) as carrier resin (s) at least one polystyrene resin and / or at least one acrylic resin and / or at least an epoxy resin and / or at least one polyester resin and / or at least one polyamide resin and to 100 parts of carrier resin (s) b) 100 to 500 parts of at least one improvement agent the transferability, namely at least one polymer made from p-phenylphenol and formaldehyde and / or at least one terpene resin and / or at least one xylene-formaldehyde resin and / or at least one straight-chain hydrocarbon resin and / or at least one ß-pinene polymer '"' and / or at least one polyvinyl isobutyl ether resin and / or rosin and / or at least one rosin derivative and / or at least one coumarone resin and / or at least one coumarone-indole resin and / or at least one naphthenic oil and / or at least one thermoplastic, 203838/0925 BATH ORIGINAL 1986389 alkyl aromatic resin, as well as, by weight the means (s) to improve transferability - c) 10 to 50 wt .- # least one aggregation inhibitor, namely at least einesVinyltoluol-acrylate-Copolyinerisats and / or at least one polyvinyl butyral and / or at least one mold release oil, in particular a fluorinated oil of the type sold under the trade name ^'1 DIi ¹ Loil " and / or butyl stearate and / or methyl hydroxyl stearate and / or stearyl alcohol and / or ethylene glycol and / or stearamide and / or at least one stearamide derivative and / or at least one bisamide lubricant and / or oxystearic acid ethylenediamide and / or methyl oil amide and / or eyl amide and / or erucyl amide and / or at least one amide of an aromatic fatty acid and / or at least one amide compound and / or at least one _{aliphatic ketone derived from x} lauric acid and / or at least one amine and / or at least one phosphoric acid ester mixture and / or at least one sodium alkyl sulfate and / or at least one polyethylene glycol and / or at least contains a polyoxypropylene glycol monoether and / or at least one low molecular weight polyethylene. 2. Toner according to claim 1, since d u r c h ge kenn - 209838/0028 BADORiGlNAL draws that the weight ratio of Carrier Harness (s) to Means (s) to improve the Transferability to aggregation inhibitor about 2-: 4: amounts to. 3. Toner according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is used as a means for improvement of the transferability a ß-pinene pole7 / meres and a vinyl toluene-butadiene copolymer as an aggregation inhibitor contains. . 4. Toner according to at least one of claims 1 to 3 » characterized in that he used it as a means of improving portability contains maleic acid resin modified with natural resin and a polyvinyl butyral resin as an aggregation inhibitor. 5. Toner according to at least one of claims 1 to 4-, thereby g e k e η η ζ e i c h η e t that he used a p-phenylphenol-formaldehyde resin as a means to improve transferability and as an aggregation inhibitor a vinyl toluene-acrylic acid ester copolymer contains. ■ 209838/0925 • ORIGINAL BATHROOM