DE19652423A1 - Silicon-germanium hetero bipolar transistor - Google Patents
Silicon-germanium hetero bipolar transistorInfo
- Publication number
- DE19652423A1 DE19652423A1 DE19652423A DE19652423A DE19652423A1 DE 19652423 A1 DE19652423 A1 DE 19652423A1 DE 19652423 A DE19652423 A DE 19652423A DE 19652423 A DE19652423 A DE 19652423A DE 19652423 A1 DE19652423 A1 DE 19652423A1
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- Prior art keywords
- silicon
- layer
- concentration
- germanium
- carbon
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Links
- 229910000577 Silicon-germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- LEVVHYCKPQWKOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si].[Ge] Chemical compound [Si].[Ge] LEVVHYCKPQWKOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical group [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 38
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000000407 epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Si] Chemical compound [C].[Si] HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001451 molecular beam epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N AsGa Chemical compound [As]#[Ga] JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KCFIHQSTJSCCBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Ge] Chemical compound [C].[Ge] KCFIHQSTJSCCBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXQKVSDUCKWEKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Ge].[Si] Chemical compound [C].[Ge].[Si] AXQKVSDUCKWEKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- SBEQWOXEGHQIMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon Chemical compound [Si].[Si] SBEQWOXEGHQIMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching, or capacitors or resistors with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/68—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable by only the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
- H01L29/70—Bipolar devices
- H01L29/72—Transistor-type devices, i.e. able to continuously respond to applied control signals
- H01L29/73—Bipolar junction transistors
- H01L29/737—Hetero-junction transistors
- H01L29/7371—Vertical transistors
- H01L29/7378—Vertical transistors comprising lattice mismatched active layers, e.g. SiGe strained layer transistors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching, or capacitors or resistors with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/02—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/12—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed
- H01L29/16—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only elements of Group IV of the Periodic System
- H01L29/161—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only elements of Group IV of the Periodic System including two or more of the elements provided for in group H01L29/16, e.g. alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching, or capacitors or resistors with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/02—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/12—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed
- H01L29/16—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only elements of Group IV of the Periodic System
- H01L29/161—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only elements of Group IV of the Periodic System including two or more of the elements provided for in group H01L29/16, e.g. alloys
- H01L29/165—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only elements of Group IV of the Periodic System including two or more of the elements provided for in group H01L29/16, e.g. alloys in different semiconductor regions, e.g. heterojunctions
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching, or capacitors or resistors with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66007—Multistep manufacturing processes
- H01L29/66075—Multistep manufacturing processes of devices having semiconductor bodies comprising group 14 or group 13/15 materials
- H01L29/66227—Multistep manufacturing processes of devices having semiconductor bodies comprising group 14 or group 13/15 materials the devices being controllable only by the electric current supplied or the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched, e.g. three-terminal devices
- H01L29/66234—Bipolar junction transistors [BJT]
- H01L29/66242—Heterojunction transistors [HBT]
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Silizium-Germanium-Heterobipolartransistor und ein Verfahren zur Herstellung der epitaktischen Einzelschichten von einem Silizium-Germanium- Heterobipolartransistor.The invention relates to a silicon germanium heterobipolar transistor and a Process for producing the epitaxial single layers of a silicon germanium Heterobipolar transistor.
Neben der Verwendung von Galliumarsenid zur Herstellung von Höchstfrequenztransistoren finden auch Silizium-Germanium-Heterobipolartransisoren in hochfrequenten Bereichen infolge der geringeren Herstellungskosten zunehmend Anwendung. Solche Transistoren bestehen meist aus einer Schichtenfolge Silizium-Kollektorschicht, p-dotierte Silizium-Germanium-Basisschicht und Emitterschicht.In addition to using gallium arsenide to manufacture high frequency transistors find silicon-germanium heterobipolar transistors in high-frequency areas as a result the lower manufacturing costs increasingly use. Such transistors usually exist from a layer sequence of silicon collector layer, p-doped silicon germanium base layer and emitter layer.
Die deutsche Offenlegungsschrift DE 43 01 333 A1 beschreibt ein Verfahren zur Herstellung integrierter Silizium-Germanium-Heterobipolartransistoren, bei dem eine Kollektorschicht, eine Basisschicht, eine Emitterschicht und eine Emitteranschlußschicht mittels eines einzigen unterbrechungsfreien Prozesses abgeschieden und gleichzeitig dotiert werden. Dieses Verfahren zur Herstellung hochfrequenztauglicher Transistoren hat den Nachteil, daß eine weitere Erhöhung der Dotierung der Basis mit Fremdatomen eine bei entsprechender Temperatur stattfindende Dotandenausdiffusion, d. h. eine Verbreiterung des Basisgebiets zur Folge hätte. Eine Dotandenausdiffusion hat einerseits eine nichtkonstante Transistorfertigung und andererseits eine Verringerung der Kollektor- und Emitterströme zur Folge. Somit ist eine Verbesserung der Hochfrequenzeigenschaften von Transistoren auf diesem Wege nicht möglich.German laid-open specification DE 43 01 333 A1 describes a method for the production Integrated silicon germanium heterobipolar transistors, in which one collector layer, one Base layer, an emitter layer and an emitter connection layer by means of a single uninterrupted process are deposited and doped at the same time. This method for the production of high-frequency transistors has the disadvantage that another Increase the doping of the base with foreign atoms at a suitable temperature dopant diffusion taking place, d. H. would result in a widening of the base area. On the one hand, dopant diffusion has a non-constant transistor production and on the other hand, a reduction in the collector and emitter currents. So is one It is not possible to improve the high-frequency properties of transistors in this way.
Die japanische Patentanmeldung JP 5 102 177 beinhaltet einen Silizium-Germanium- Heterobipolartransistor, dessen Basis mit 5% Kohlenstoff zur Kompensation der durch Germanium eingebrachten mechanischen Spannungen versetzt ist. Solche hohen Kohlenstoffkonzentrationen führen jedoch zu einer starken lokalen Gitterdeformation, die unter anderem die HF-Tauglichkeit der Transistoren einschränkt.Japanese patent application JP 5 102 177 contains a silicon germanium Heterobipolar transistor, the base of which is compensated for by 5% carbon Germanium introduced mechanical stress is offset. Such high However, carbon concentrations lead to strong local lattice deformation, which is below inter alia limits the HF suitability of the transistors.
In der Patentschrift US 5,378,901 ist ein Siliziumkarbidtransistor offenbart, bei dem als Basis-, Kollektor- und Emittermaterial Siliziumkarbid verwendet wird. Die hohen Herstellungs temperaturen verhindern die Integration in hochfrequenztaugliche Schaltungen.US Pat. No. 5,378,901 discloses a silicon carbide transistor in which the base, Collector and emitter material silicon carbide is used. The high manufacturing temperatures prevent integration in circuits suitable for high frequencies.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, einen Silizium-Germanium-Heterobipolartransistor vorzuschlagen, bei dem die Ausdiffusion des Dotanden des Basisgebiets um mehr als 50% gegenüber herkömmlichen Silizium-Germanium-Heterobipolartransistoren reduziert wird. Weiterhin ist es Aufgabe der Erfindung, an sich bekannte Verfahren zur Herstellung der epitaktischen Einzelschichten für einen solchen Silizium-Germanium-Heterobipolartransistor mit einer Silizium-Kollektorschicht, einer dotierten Silizium-Germanium-Basisschicht und einer Silizium- Emitterschicht so auszugestalten, daß die üblichen Beschränkungen und hohen Anforderungen für nachfolgende Prozesse verringert werden. Dies betrifft insbesondere die Implantationsdosis und die Temperatur-Zeit-Belastung der epitaktischen Schicht. Derart hergestellte Silizium- Germanium-Heterobipolartransistoren besitzen eine erhöhte Transitfrequenz, eine erhöhte maximale Schwingfrequenz und/oder ein verringertes Rauschmaß je nach Anforderungen und Einsatzzweck. The object of the invention is to propose a silicon germanium heterobipolar transistor, in which the diffusion of the dopant of the base region by more than 50% conventional silicon germanium heterobipolar transistors is reduced. Furthermore it is Object of the invention, known methods for producing the epitaxial Single layers for such a silicon germanium heterobipolar transistor with one Silicon collector layer, a doped silicon germanium base layer and a silicon To design the emitter layer so that the usual restrictions and high requirements be reduced for subsequent processes. This applies in particular to the implantation dose and the temperature-time load on the epitaxial layer. Silicon manufactured in this way Germanium heterobipolar transistors have an increased transit frequency, an increased maximum vibration frequency and / or a reduced noise figure depending on requirements and Intended use.
Diese Aufgabenstellung wird erfindungsgemäß durch die nachfolgende Erfindungsdarlegung gelöst.This task is accomplished according to the invention by the following explanation of the invention solved.
Auf eine reine Siliziumoberfläche findet eine einkristalline Abscheidung entsprechend dem gewünschten Transistorprofil statt. Der erfindungsgemäße Silizium-Germanium- Heterobipolartransistor enthält in mindestens einer der drei Einzelschichten des Transistors, nämlich der Emitterschicht oder der Basisschicht oder der Kollektorschicht, in einer Konzentration zwischen 1018 cm⁻3 und 1021 cm⁻3 ein zusätzliches, elektrisch nicht aktives Material, vorzugsweise ein Element der vierten Hauptgruppe. Hergestellt wird die Halbleiteranordnung von Silizium-Germanium-Heterobipolartransistoren mittels Epitaxie verfahren, z. B. durch Gasphasenepitaxie oder Molekularstrahlepitaxie. Durch die der Epitaxie nachfolgenden technologischen Verfahrensschritte kommt es zu Defekten, z. B. Zwischengitter atomen im Halbleiterkristall, die eine Diffusion von Gitterfremdatomen, z. B. Dotanden, begünstigen. Ein wie bereits ausgeführtes, in die Epitaxieschicht eingebrachtes, elektrisch nicht aktives Material bindet diese Defekte und verringert die Diffusion des Dotanden. Die durch das Einbringen eines elektrisch nicht aktiven Materials, vorzugsweise Kohlenstoff, hervorgerufene Gitteränderung ist dabei kleiner als 5.10⁻3. Die Ausdiffusion des Dotanden verringert sich, was eine Verbreiterung des Basisgebiets einschränkt. Damit lassen sich hochfrequenztaugliche Transistoren auf zwei Wegen herstellen: Die Dotierungsdosis des Basisgebiets wird erhöht und/oder die Basisbreite wird verringert. In jedem der möglichen Fälle erhöht sich die Konzentration des Dotanden im Basisgebiet des Transistors auf einen Wert zwischen 5.1019 cm⁻3 und 1021 cm⁻3 bei Verwendung von Bor als Dotand. Damit verringert sich der Innenwiderstand der Basis. Ausgangspunkt für erfindungsgemäßes Verfahren ist die übliche Herstellung eines vorbehandelten Silizium-Substrats. Das Verfahren ist durch folgende Verfahrensschritte gekennzeichnet: Zuerst wird Silizium zur Herstellung der Kollektorschicht aufgedampft. Anschließend wird beim weiteren Siliziumaufdampfen zusätzlich Germanium eingebracht und mittels Gitterfremdatomen dotiert. Als Dotand findet vorzugsweise Bor Verwendung. Durch diesen Verfahrensschritt wird die Basis hergestellt. Nach dem Abschalten des Zuflusses von Germanium und dem Dotierstoff wird die Emitterschicht durch weiteres Aufdampfen von Silizium hergestellt. A single-crystal deposition takes place on a pure silicon surface in accordance with the desired transistor profile. The silicon-germanium heterobipolar transistor according to the invention contains an additional, electrically inactive material in at least one of the three individual layers of the transistor, namely the emitter layer or the base layer or the collector layer, in a concentration between 10 18 cm -3 and 10 21 cm -3 . preferably an element of the fourth main group. The semiconductor arrangement of silicon-germanium heterobipolar transistors is manufactured by means of epitaxy, e.g. B. by gas phase epitaxy or molecular beam epitaxy. The technological process steps following the epitaxy lead to defects, e.g. B. interstitial atoms in the semiconductor crystal, the diffusion of lattice atoms, z. B. dopants favor. An electrically inactive material introduced into the epitaxial layer, as already explained, binds these defects and reduces the diffusion of the dopant. The lattice change caused by the introduction of an electrically inactive material, preferably carbon, is less than 5.10 -3 . The diffusion of the dopant is reduced, which limits the broadening of the base area. High-frequency transistors can thus be manufactured in two ways: the doping dose of the base region is increased and / or the base width is reduced. In each of the possible cases, the concentration of the dopant in the base region of the transistor increases to a value between 5.10 19 cm -3 and 10 21 cm -3 when using boron as the dopant. This reduces the base's internal resistance. The starting point for the method according to the invention is the usual production of a pretreated silicon substrate. The process is characterized by the following process steps: First, silicon is vapor-deposited to produce the collector layer. Germanium is then introduced during the further silicon vapor deposition and doped by means of lattice foreign atoms. Boron is preferably used as the dopant. The base is produced by this process step. After the flow of germanium and the dopant has been switched off, the emitter layer is produced by further vapor deposition of silicon.
Während mindestens einem der bisher aufgeführten Verfahrensschritte wird ein elektrisch nicht aktives Material, vorzugsweise Kohlenstoff in einer Konzentration zwischen 1018 cm⁻3 und 1021 cm⁻3 während der Herstellung der epitaktischen Schicht hinzugefügt, wobei die dadurch eingebrachte Gitteränderung kleiner als 5.10⁻3 infolge der geringen Konzentration des elektrisch nicht aktiven Materials ist. Geringe zusätzliche Gitterverspannung bedeutet keine zusätzliche Quelle von möglichen Gitterdefekten. Zur Herstellung der epitaktischen Schicht finden CVD-Ver fahren oder MBE-Verfahren Anwendung. Nach der Epitaxie findet die übliche Weiterprozessierung bis zur Herstellung des endgültigen erfindungsgemäßen Silizium- Germanium-Heterobipolartransistors statt.During at least one of the process steps listed hitherto, an electrically inactive material, preferably carbon, is added in a concentration between 10 18 cm -3 and 10 21 cm -3 during the production of the epitaxial layer, the resulting change in lattice being less than 5.10 -3 as a result the low concentration of the electrically inactive material. Low additional grid tension means no additional source of possible grid defects. CVD processes or MBE processes are used to produce the epitaxial layer. After the epitaxy, the usual further processing takes place until the production of the final silicon germanium heterobipolar transistor according to the invention.
Die Merkmale der Erfindung gehen außer aus den Ansprüchen auch aus der Beschreibung und den Zeichnungen hervor, wobei die einzelnen Merkmale jeweils für sich allein oder zu mehreren in Form von Unterkombinationen schutzfähige Ausführungen darstellen, für die hier Schutz beansprucht wird. Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in den Zeichnungen dargestellt und wird im folgenden näher erläutert. In den Zeichnungen zeigen:The features of the invention go beyond the claims also from the description and the drawings, the individual features each individually or in groups represent protective versions in the form of sub-combinations, for which protection here is claimed. An embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawings and is explained in more detail below. The drawings show:
Fig. 1 schematischer Schichtaufbau eines Silizium-Germanium- Heterobipolartransistors, Fig. 1 shows a schematic layer structure of a silicon-germanium heterojunction bipolar transistor,
Fig. 2 Stufen des Verfahrens zur Herstellung der epitaktischen Einzelschichten für einen Silizium-Germanium-Heterobipolartransistor, Fig. 2 steps of the process for producing the epitaxial individual layers for a silicon-germanium heterobipolar,
Fig. 3 schematischer Schnitt durch einen Silizium-Germanium- Heterobipolartransistor. Fig. 3 shows a schematic section through a silicon germanium heterobipolar transistor.
In Fig. 1 ist der Schichtaufbau eines erfindungsgemäßen Silizium-Germanium- Heterobipolartransistors, bestehend aus einem dotierten Silizium-Substrat 1, einer undotierten Silizium-Kohlenstoff-Kollektorschicht 2, einer dotierten Silizium-Germanium-Kohlenstoff- Basisschicht 3 und einer undotierten Silizium-Kohlenstoff-Emitterschicht 4, dargestellt. Der gesamte Schichtaufbau des Transistors inklusive Dotierung des Basisgebiets mit Bor wird mittels Molekularstrahlepitaxie hergestellt. In Fig. 1, the layer structure is a silicon-germanium inventive heterojunction bipolar transistor, consisting of a doped silicon substrate 1, an undoped silicon-carbon-collector layer 2, a doped silicon-germanium-carbon base layer 3 and an undoped silicon-carbon Emitter layer 4 shown. The entire layer structure of the transistor, including the doping of the base region with boron, is produced by means of molecular beam epitaxy.
Gleichzeitig wird bei der Epitaxie - in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel - während der Herstellung aller drei Einzelschichten, der Kollektorschicht, der Basisschicht und der Emitterschicht, Kohlenstoff in einer Konzentration zwischen 1018 cm⁻3 und 1021 cm⁻3 zugegeben. Dies entspricht einer Kohlenstoffkonzentration zwischen 0,0015% und 1,5%. Dadurch wird eine mögliche Bordiffusion signifikant verringert, so daß die Dotandenausdiffusionsgebiete 5 im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen Transistoren dieses Typs verkleinert werden. Durch erfindungsgemäße Einfügung von Kohlenstoff verringert sich die Diffusionslänge von Bor um mehr als 50% gegenüber der Diffusionslänge, die ohne Hinzufügung von Kohlenstoff auftritt. Es kommt zur Ausbildung eines sehr steilen Borprofiles. Die dadurch verringerte Basisweite hat eine geringere Basislaufzeit zur Folge. Dies ist gleichbedeutend mit einer Erhöhung der Transitfrequenz und der Erhöhung der maximalen Schwingfrequenz bzw. einem verringerten Rauschmaß des erfindungsgemäßen Transistors.At the same time, in epitaxy - in this embodiment - during the production of all three individual layers, the collector layer, the base layer and the emitter layer, carbon is added in a concentration between 10 18 cm -3 and 10 21 cm -3 . This corresponds to a carbon concentration between 0.0015% and 1.5%. This significantly reduces possible on-board diffusion, so that the dopant out-diffusion regions 5 are reduced in comparison to conventional transistors of this type. By inserting carbon according to the invention, the diffusion length of boron is reduced by more than 50% compared to the diffusion length that occurs without the addition of carbon. A very steep boron profile is formed. The resulting reduced base width results in a shorter base term. This is equivalent to an increase in the transit frequency and an increase in the maximum oscillation frequency or a reduced noise figure of the transistor according to the invention.
Eine weitere Verbesserung der Hochfrequenztauglichkeit erfindungsgemäßen Silizium- Germanium-Heterobipolartransistors wird durch Erhöhung der Borkonzentration zwischen 5.1019 cm⁻3 und 1021 cm⁻3 in der Basisschicht 3 erreicht.A further improvement in the high-frequency suitability of the silicon-germanium heterobipolar transistor according to the invention is achieved by increasing the boron concentration between 5.10 19 cm -3 and 10 21 cm -3 in the base layer 3 .
Zur Herstellung eines solchen Silizium-Germanium-Heterobipolartransistors werden folgende in
Fig. 2 dargestellte Verfahrensschritte durchgeführt: Vor dem erfindungsgemäßen Teil des
Verfahrens wird ein vorbehandeltes Silizium-Substrat in einem Verfahrensschritt A0
üblicherweise hergestellt. Daran schließen sich die Schritte
A Siliziumaufdampfen zur Herstellung der Kollektorschicht,
B Siliziumaufdampfen und zusätzliches Einbringen von Germanium und Dotanden
zur Herstellung der Basisschicht und
C Abschalten von Germanium und Dotierstoff und Siliziumaufdampfen zur
Herstellung der Emitterschicht
an, wobei während mindestens einem der Verfahrensschritte A bis C Kohlenstoff in einer
Konzentration zwischen 1018 cm⁻3 und 1021 cm⁻3 eingebaut wird und die dadurch eingebrachte
Gitteränderung kleiner als 5.10⁻3 ist.
To produce such a silicon germanium heterobipolar transistor, the following process steps shown in FIG. 2 are carried out: Before the part of the process according to the invention, a pretreated silicon substrate is usually produced in a process step A 0 . This is followed by the steps
A silicon vapor deposition to produce the collector layer,
B silicon vapor deposition and additional introduction of germanium and dopants to produce the base layer and
C Switch off germanium and dopant and silicon vapor deposition to produce the emitter layer
on, during at least one of process steps A to C carbon being incorporated in a concentration between 10 18 cm -3 and 10 21 cm -3 and the resulting change in lattice is less than 5.10 -3 .
Nach der Epitaxie findet eine übliche Weiterprozessierung D statt bis zur Herstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Silizium-Germanium-Heterobipolartransistors.After the epitaxy, a normal further processing D takes place until one is produced silicon-germanium heterobipolar transistor according to the invention.
Fig. 3 zeigt einen schematischen Schnitt durch einen derart hergestellten Silizium-Germanium- Heterobipolartransistor. Auf einem hochdotierten Substrat 31 aus Silizium sind durch Epitaxie der undotierte Silizium-Kohlenstoff-Kollektor 32, der undotierte Silizium-Kohlenstoff-Emitter 33 und die mit Bor in einer Konzentration zwischen 5.1019 cm⁻3 und 1021 cm⁻3 dotierte Basis 34 aus Silizium, Germanium und Kohlenstoff aufgewachsen. Weiterhin beinhaltet die Figur die entsprechenden Kontaktgebiete 35 sowie ein Implantgebiet 36. Die Konzentration des Kohlenstoffs in der epitaktischen Schicht beträgt zwischen 1018 cm⁻3 und 1021 cm⁻3. FIG. 3 shows a schematic section through a silicon germanium heterobipolar transistor produced in this way. The undoped silicon-carbon collector 32 , the undoped silicon-carbon emitter 33 and the base 34 doped with boron in a concentration between 5.10 19 cm -3 and 10 21 cm -3 are formed by epitaxy on a highly doped substrate 31 made of silicon Silicon, germanium and carbon grew up. The figure also includes the corresponding contact areas 35 and an implant area 36 . The concentration of carbon in the epitaxial layer is between 10 18 cm -3 and 10 21 cm -3 .
In der vorliegenden Erfindung wurde anhand eines konkreten Ausführungsbeispiels ein Silizium- Germanium-Heterobipolartransistor sowie ein Verfahren zur Herstellung der epitaktischen Einzelschichten eines solchen Transistors erläutert. Es sei aber vermerkt, daß die vorliegende Erfindung nicht auf die Einzelheiten der Beschreibung im Ausführungsbeispiel eingeschränkt ist, da im Rahmen der Patentansprüche Änderungen und Abwandlungen beansprucht werden.In the present invention, a silicon Germanium heterobipolar transistor and a method for producing the epitaxial Individual layers of such a transistor explained. However, it should be noted that the present Invention is not limited to the details of the description in the exemplary embodiment, since changes and modifications are claimed within the scope of the claims.
Claims (11)
Priority Applications (10)
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DE19652423A DE19652423A1 (en) | 1996-12-09 | 1996-12-09 | Silicon-germanium hetero bipolar transistor |
DE19755979A DE19755979A1 (en) | 1996-12-09 | 1997-12-06 | Silicon germanium heterobipolar transistor |
EP97952723A EP0954880B1 (en) | 1996-12-09 | 1997-12-08 | Silicon-germanium hetero-bipolar transistor |
DE59712106T DE59712106D1 (en) | 1996-12-09 | 1997-12-08 | SILICON GERMANIUM hetero |
AT97952723T ATE284076T1 (en) | 1996-12-09 | 1997-12-08 | SILICON-GERMANIUM HETEROBIPOLAR TRANSISTOR |
JP52609598A JP2001505717A (en) | 1996-12-09 | 1997-12-08 | Silicon germanium heterobipolar transistors used at high frequencies and methods of making each of the epitaxial layers of such transistors |
PCT/DE1997/002908 WO1998026457A1 (en) | 1996-12-09 | 1997-12-08 | Silicon-germanium hetero-bipolar transistor, and method for making its various epitactiv layers |
US10/234,438 US6750484B2 (en) | 1996-12-09 | 2002-08-30 | Silicon germanium hetero bipolar transistor |
US10/234,440 US6800881B2 (en) | 1996-12-09 | 2002-08-30 | Silicon-germanium hetero bipolar transistor with T-shaped implantation layer between emitter and emitter contact area |
US10/234,433 US7019341B2 (en) | 1996-12-09 | 2002-08-30 | Silicon germanium hetero bipolar transistor having a germanium concentration profile in the base layer |
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DE19652423A DE19652423A1 (en) | 1996-12-09 | 1996-12-09 | Silicon-germanium hetero bipolar transistor |
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